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Cheng RHW, Wang M, Tong WM, Gao W, Watt RM, Leung WK. Subgingival microbial changes in Down Syndrome adults with periodontitis after chlorhexidine adjunct non-surgical therapy and monthly recalls-A 12-month case series study. J Dent 2024; 143:104907. [PMID: 38428718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Down Syndrome (DS) adults are at risk for periodontitis. Previous reports indicated difficulties in periodontopathogen reduction or eradication in DS individuals after periodontal treatment. This case series follows the subgingival microbial changes in adult DS individuals with periodontitis who received chlorhexidine adjunct non-surgical therapy plus 12-month recalls. METHODS Twenty periodontitis DS participants (7 females; 25.5 ± 5.6 years of age; 3 with generalized periodontitis) partook in a study involving non-surgical mechanical periodontal therapy, twice daily chlorhexidine gel toothbrushing, chlorhexidine mouthwash, and monthly recalls. The subgingival microbiota profile was followed at baseline, 6-, and 12-months post-operation. RESULTS Desulfobulbus, Saccharibacteria (TM7), Tannerella, and Porphyromonas were the major subgingival genera in this DS cohort. Favorable chlorhexidine adjunct non-surgical treatment outcomes were observed, with the relative abundance of Desulfobulbus sp. HMT 041, Saccharibacteria (TM7) [G-1] bacterium HMT 346 or 349, and Tannerella forsythia significantly reduced at the end of the study, but no significant reduction of Porphyromonas gingivalis or Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans could be observed. Relative abundance of Desulfobulbus sp. HMT 041 and T. forsythia were also found to be significantly associated with plaque, bleeding on probing, and probing pocket depth (PPD, in mm) at a site level, while the relative abundance of Halomonas pacifica was negatively associated with PPD. CONCLUSIONS Successful chlorhexidine adjunct non-surgical treatment with hygiene care was accompanied by a subgingival microbial shift involving certain periodontopathogenic species, except P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans. Further investigations are required to clarify the mechanism underpinning the unchanged relative abundance of the above two pathogens despite favorable clinical responses. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE DS adults face challenges achieving optimal home care or hygiene for periodontal healing and disease prevention. Chemical adjunct mechanical periodontal therapy plus regular recalls appeared promising clinically and microbiologically, with subgingival periodontopathogenic species reduction. The persistence of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis in subgingival niches post-treatment warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald H W Cheng
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wai Man Tong
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wenling Gao
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rory M Watt
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wai Keung Leung
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Nice JB, Collins SM, Agro SMJ, Sinani A, Moros SD, Pasch LM, Brown AC. Heterogeneity of Size and Toxin Distribution in Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Outer Membrane Vesicles. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:138. [PMID: 38535804 PMCID: PMC10974469 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16030138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is a Gram-negative bacterium associated with localized aggressive periodontitis as well as some systemic diseases. The strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans most closely associated with disease produce more of a secreted leukotoxin (LtxA) than isolates from healthy carriers, suggesting a key role for this toxin in disease progression. LtxA is released into the bacterial cytosol in a free form as well as in association with the surface of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). We previously observed that the highly leukotoxic A. actinomycetemcomitans strain JP2 produces two populations of OMVs: a highly abundant population of small (<100 nm) OMVs and a less abundant population of large (>300 nm) OMVs. Here, we have developed a protocol to isolate the OMVs produced during each specific phase of growth and used this to demonstrate that small OMVs are produced throughout growth and lack LtxA, while large OMVs are produced only during the exponential phase and are enriched with LtxA. Our results indicate that surface-associated DNA drives the selective sorting of LtxA into large OMVs. This study provides valuable insights into the observed heterogeneity of A. actinomycetemcomitans vesicles and emphasizes the importance of understanding these variations in the context of bacterial pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin B Nice
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | - Shannon M. Collins
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | - Samuel M. J. Agro
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | - Anxhela Sinani
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | - Spencer D. Moros
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | - Leah M. Pasch
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | - Angela C. Brown
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
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Laugisch O, Ruppert-Jungck MC, Auschill TM, Eick S, Sculean A, Heumann C, Timmermann L, Pedrosa DJ, Eggers C, Arweiler NB. Glucose-6-Phosphatase-Dehydrogenase activity as modulative association between Parkinson's disease and periodontitis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1298546. [PMID: 38404290 PMCID: PMC10885135 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1298546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The association between periodontitis (PD) and Parkinson's disease (PK) is discussed due to the inflammatory component of neurodegenerative processes. PK severity and affected areas were determined using the following neuropsychological tests: Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Score (UPDRS) and Hoehn and Yahr; non-motoric symptoms by Non-Motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS), and cognitive involvement by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Neuroinflammation and the resulting Glucose-6-Phosphatase-Dehydrogenase (G6PD) dysfunction are part of the pathophysiology of PK. This study aimed to evaluate these associations in periodontal inflammation. Clinical data and saliva-, serum-, and RNA-biobank samples of 50 well-characterized diametric patients with PK and five age- and sex-matched neurologically healthy participants were analyzed for G6PD function, periodontal pathogens (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Prevotella intermedia, Campylobacter rectus, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Filifactor alocis), monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP) 1, and interleukin (IL) 1-beta. Regression analysis was used to identify associations between clinical and behavioral data, and t-tests were used to compare health and disease. Compared with PK, no pathogens and lower inflammatory markers (p < 0.001) were detectible in healthy saliva and serum, PK-severity/UPDRS interrelated with the occurrence of Prevotella intermedia in serum as well as IL1-beta levels in serum and saliva (p = 0.006, 0.019, 0.034), Hoehn and Yahr correlated with Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, RNA IL1-beta regulation, serum, and saliva IL1-beta levels, with p-values of 0.038, 0.011, 0.008, <0.001, and 0.010, while MMSE was associated with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, serum MCP 1 levels, RNA IL1-beta regulation and G6PD serum activity (p = 0.036, 0.003, 0.045, <0.001, and 0.021). Cognitive and motor skills seem to be important as representative tests are associated with periodontal pathogens and oral/general inflammation, wherein G6PD-saliva dysfunction might be involved. Clinical trial registration https://www.bfarm.de/DE/Das-BfArM/Aufgaben/Deutsches-Register-Klinischer-Studien/_node.html, identifier DRKS00005388.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Laugisch
- Department of Periodontology and Peri-Implant Diseases, Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (UKGM), Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Marina C. Ruppert-Jungck
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Universities of Giessen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten M. Auschill
- Department of Periodontology and Peri-Implant Diseases, Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (UKGM), Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sigrun Eick
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian Heumann
- Department of Statistics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lars Timmermann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Universities of Giessen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - David J. Pedrosa
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Universities of Giessen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Eggers
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Universities of Giessen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bottrop, Bottrop, Germany
| | - Nicole B. Arweiler
- Department of Periodontology and Peri-Implant Diseases, Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg (UKGM), Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
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Huang Y, Ni S. Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans With Periodontitis and Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int Dent J 2024; 74:58-65. [PMID: 37517936 PMCID: PMC10829364 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2023.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this work was to explore the association between Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A actinomycetemcomitans) infection and disease activity amongst those with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with or without periodontitis (PD) in a Chinese population. METHODS A case-control study was conducted from November 2017 to March 2019. The correlation coefficients between A actinomycetemcomitans positivity and RA-related examination indicators as well as periodontal examination parameters were calculated by using the Spearman correlation analysis. RESULTS A total of 115 patients with RA were recruited: 67 patients with RA only and 48 with RA + PD. The percentage of A actinomycetemcomitans positivity was significantly higher in the RA + PD group compared with the RA-only group (P = .007 for positive percentage; P = .020 for percentage of A actinomycetemcomitans positivity in the total oral microbiome). Furthermore, RA-related measures such as Disease Activity Score 28, rheumatoid factor, anticyclic citrullinated peptide, and anticitrullinated protein antibodies were all positively correlated with the percentage of A actinomycetemcomitans positivity (P range: .002∼.041). In addition, significant correlations were observed amongst A actinomycetemcomitans positivity and probing pocket depth (P = .027) and gingival index (P = .043), whereas null correlations were found amongst the percentage of A actinomycetemcomitans positivity and plaque index (P = .344), clinical attachment loss (P = .217), and bleeding on probing (P = .710). CONCLUSIONS A actinomycetemcomitans infection may be related to the development of PD amongst patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhi Huang
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 29 Xinglong Alley, Changzhou 213003, PR China
| | - Su Ni
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 29 Xinglong Alley, Changzhou 213003, PR China.
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Govindharajulu R, Syed NK, Sukumaran B, Seshadri PR, Mathivanan S, Ramkumar N. Assessment of the Antibacterial Effect of Vitamin D3 against Red Complex Periodontal Pathogens: A Microbiological Assay. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024; 25:114-117. [PMID: 38514407 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
AIM The study aims is to evaluate the antibacterial effect of vitamin D3 against the red complex bacteria, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia in chronic periodontitis patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study comprised 98 participants with chronic periodontitis. All clinical parameters including plaque index (PI), gingival bleeding index (GBI), probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and a microbiological assay of P. gingivalis, T. denticola, T. forsythia were assessed at the baseline. All study participants who underwent scaling and root planning were divided into two groups, A and B, each with 49 patients and only group B patients were advised to take vitamin D supplementation of 60,000 IU granules, once daily for 2 months. All the patients of both the groups were recalled at the end of 2nd month and all the clinical and microbiological parameters were reassessed. RESULTS After two months, there was a reduction in all the clinical markers in both groups, but the group B patients showed more improvement following non-surgical treatment vitamin D intake. There was also a statistical reduction in P. gingivalis, T. denticola, and T. forsythia following administration of vitamin D in group B patients compared to group A. CONCLUSION These discoveries proposed that vitamin D has a superb antimicrobial impact against red complex periodontal microbes and might be considered a promising compound in the counteraction of periodontal disease. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Vitamin D is considered to possess anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity, which may help to delay the progression of periodontitis. So, vitamin D3 can be used as a potential supplement that could be employed to stop the advancement of periodontal disease. How to cite this article: Govindharajulu R, Syed NK, Sukumaran B, et al. Assessment of the Antibacterial Effect of Vitamin D3 against Red Complex Periodontal Pathogens: A Microbiological Assay. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(2):114-117.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramaprabha Govindharajulu
- Department of Periodontology, GRS Dental Clinic, Mayiladuthurai, Tamil Nadu, India, Phone: +91 9245196777, e-mail:
| | - Nubesh K Syed
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry in Ar Rass, Qassim University, Al-Qassim, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Binsu Sukumaran
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, Benser Dental Clinic, Kerala, India
| | - Pavithra R Seshadri
- Department of Periodontics, Ragas Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Narayane Ramkumar
- Department of Periodontology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Puducherry, India
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Arshad M, Joshan F, Chiniforush N, Afrasiabi S. Comparative study of the effect of different exposure parameters of 635nm diode laser and toluidine blue O in eliminating Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans biofilm from titanium implant surfaces. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 45:104012. [PMID: 38346465 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) using 635 nm diode laser irradiation with an energy density of 6 to 30 J/cm2 and toluidine blue O (TBO) as a photosensitizer on the viability of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans attached to the surface of titanium implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS Titanium implants contaminated with A. actinomycetemcomitans were treated with TBO alone or in combination with different exposure parameters (light doses of 6 - 30 J/cm2 at 635 nm) and 0.2 % chlorhexidine (CHX). After treatment, colony forming units (CFUs)/ml were determined to assess PDT efficacy. The structure of the biofilm of A. actinomycetemcomitans was analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). RESULTS Under optimal conditions, the colony count was reduced by ∼90 %. Treatment with CHX was somewhat more effective (colony formation was reduced by ∼95 %), but this agent has adverse effects that can be avoided with PDT. CONCLUSION This study confirms the efficacy of PDT against A. actinomycetemcomitans depending on the light dose. Treatment with TBO + 635 nm diode laser has an effect that may be equivalent to that of CHX, but perhaps with fewer adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Arshad
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faraz Joshan
- International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Chiniforush
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Shima Afrasiabi
- Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Kamalou AM, Sayar F, Iranpour B. Effect of antibacterial photodynamic therapy with chitosan nanoparticles on Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 45:103996. [PMID: 38336150 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.103996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to assess the effect of antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) with chitosan nanoparticles on Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans) in the culture medium. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this in vitro, experimental study, chitosan nanoparticles (CHNPs) containing indocyanine green (ICG) were first synthesized and characterized. A. actinomycetemcomitans was cultured on trypticase soy agar. The culture media containing A. actinomycetemcomitans were randomly subjected to the following six decontamination protocols: negative control subjected to sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) for 5 min, positive control exposed to 0.2 % chlorhexidine (CHX) for 5 min, exposure to 0.25 mg/mL ICG in the dark at 37 °C for 5 min, aPDT with 0.25 mg/mL ICG and diode laser (808 nm, 250 mW, 14.94 J/cm2, 30 s, 1 mm distance, 8 mm tip diameter), exposure to CHNPs containing 0.25 mg/mL ICG in the dark at 37 °C for 5 min, and aPDT with CHNPs containing 0.25 mg/mL ICG and diode laser. The number of colonies was counted, and analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tamhane test (alpha=0.050). RESULTS Antimicrobial PDT with CHNPs, and CHX groups comparably showed the highest decontamination efficacy (P = 0.000). CONCLUSION The results showed optimal efficacy of aPDT with CHNPs containing 0.25 mg/mL ICG and 808 nm diode laser for reduction of A. actinomycetemcomitans colony count. Thus, aPDT appears to be as effective as CHX, but with fewer adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ferena Sayar
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Babak Iranpour
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Starkhammar Johansson C, Dimitrijevic Carlsson A, Wahlund K, Alstergren P. Periodontal Health in Children with Juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Eur J Paediatr Dent 2024; 25:1. [PMID: 38353519 DOI: 10.23804/ejpd.2024.1913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
AIM To investigate gingival inflammation and prevalence of four specific periodontal associated pathogens in Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) in relation to orofacial pain, jaw function and systemic inflammatory activity in JIA. METHODS Forty-five children with JIA and 16 healthy children as controls, were enrolled. Subjects were examined and classified according to the diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (DC/TMD). Pain, pain-related disability and jaw function were also assessed. A clinical periodontal examination was performed. Subgingival plaque samples were collected and analyzed for semiquantitative levels of the following periodontal pathogens; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomintans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola. CONCLUSION This study suggests that the periodontal disease-associated bacteria P. gingivalis and T. forsythia do not contribute to neither periodontal disease, systemic inflammatory activity nor orofacial pain and jaw dysfunction, including TMJ arthritis, in JIA patients in Sweden.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Starkhammar Johansson
- Center for Oral Rehabilitation, Linköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - A Dimitrijevic Carlsson
- Center for Oral Rehabilitation, Linköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden - Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden - Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON),Malmö, Sweden
| | - K Wahlund
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Kalmar County Hospital, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - P Alstergren
- Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden - Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON),Malmö, Sweden - Skåne University Hospital, Specialized Pain Rehabilitation, Lund, Sweden
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Rams TE, Freedman IS, Chialastri SM, Slots J. Systemic ciprofloxacin treatment of multidrug-resistant Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in severe periodontitis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 108:116162. [PMID: 38113673 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2023.116162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
An adult periodontitis patient treated with mechanical/surgical therapy experienced gingival necrosis and granulomas post-treatment. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, a tissue-invasive pathogen, was recovered and multidrug-resistant but susceptible to ciprofloxacin. Systemic ciprofloxacin eliminated A. actinomycetemcomitans with marked clinical improvement. Ciprofloxacin may be prescribed for A. actinomycetemcomitans periodontal infection unresponsive to the common amoxicillin-metronidazole treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Rams
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Temple University School of Dentistry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Ira S Freedman
- Department of Periodontics, Nova Southeastern University College of Dental Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Susan M Chialastri
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Temple University School of Dentistry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jørgen Slots
- Division of Periodontology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Southern California School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Etemadi A, Hashemi SS, Chiniforush N. Evaluation of the effect of photodynamic therapy with Curcumin and Riboflavin on implant surface contaminated with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 44:103833. [PMID: 37802275 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peri-implantitis is a destructive inflammatory disease affecting both hard and soft tissues of the osseointegrated implant and causing bone loss and envelope surrounding the implant. The study aimed at evaluating the effect of Photodynamic therapy with Curcumin and Riboflavin on the level of decontamination of implant surface impregnated with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A.a) biofilm. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this experimental and laboratory study, 42 implants (4.3 mm in diameter and 8 mm in length) were infected with A.a. bacterial suspension. Then, the implants carrying A.a biofilm were randomly divided into seven groups (n = 6). The groups included: 1- a negative control group (without treatment), 2- a positive control group of Chlorhexidine 0.12 %, 3- a Curcumin (5 mg/ ml) group, 4- a Riboflavin (0.5 %) group, 5- an LED irradiation group (390-480 nm), 6- a photodynamic therapy with Curcumin group, and 7- a photodynamic therapy with Riboflavin group. Then, the implants were sonicated and the amount of CFU/mL of each sample was calculated. One-way ANOVA and Tamhane tests were used to analyze the data. RESULTS The lowest mean number of colonies of A.a (CFU/ mL) were seen in the following groups, respectively: the positive control group of Chlorhexidine 0.12 %, the photodynamic therapy with Curcumin group, the photodynamic therapy with Riboflavin group, the Curcumin (5 mg/ ml) group, the Riboflavin (0.5 %) group, the LED radiation group, and the negative control group. The use of photodynamic therapy with Curcumin significantly reduced the number of colonies of A.a (CFU/ mL) in comparison with the photodynamic therapy with Riboflavin group (p = 0.004), the Riboflavin group (p = 0.045), the LED radiation group (p = 0.012), and the negative control group (p = 0.007). CONCLUSION aPDT with Curcumin and LED can reduce A.a biofilm on implant surfaces and can be used as a safe and non-invasive disinfection method to reduce A.a biofilm on implant surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardavan Etemadi
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Nasim Chiniforush
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
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Longo BC, Rohling IB, Silva PLMOE, de Morais MEF, Paz HES, Casarin RCV, Nishiyama SAB, de Souza MDB, Silva CO. Antineoplastic therapy in childhood cancer patients presents a negative impact in the periodontal tissues: a cohort study. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:6637-6644. [PMID: 37735213 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05270-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of antineoplastic therapy (AT) in the periodontal tissues of childhood cancer (CC) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-two individuals were divided into CC (n=36) and healthy individuals (control group-CG, n=36). Demographics, hygiene habits, CC type, and AT were collected. Salivary flow and the presence and concentration of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia, and Fusobacterium nucleatum were analyzed. Clinical evaluation included plaque (PI) and gingival indexes (GI), periodontal probing depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL). Patients were classified into periodontal health, gingivitis, or periodontitis. Descriptive statistics, T test, Mann-Whitney test, chi-square, Fisher's exact test, and two-way analysis of variance were used (p<0.05). RESULTS The mean age of the patients was similar (CC 12.0±3.9 years and CG 12.0±4.0 years). In the CC group, all patients underwent chemotherapy and nine radiotherapy. Color/race, income, and family education showed significant differences between groups. There was no difference between groups in salivary flow. Higher levels of Fusobacterium nucleatum were seen in CC (p=0.02). Significant difference between groups was found for PI (CC: 30.5%, CG: 22.6%), GI (CC: 28.8%, CG: 17.3%), PPD (CC: 1.77 mm, CG: 1.61 mm), and CAL (CC: 1.77 mm, CG: 1.57 mm), periodontal health (CC: 3, CG: 7), gingivitis (CC: 16, CG: 24), or periodontitis (CC: 17, CG: 5). CONCLUSION AT in CC patients presents a negative impact in the periodontal and microbiological parameters. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Childhood cancer individuals showed worse periodontal parameters and higher levels of Fusobacterium nucleatum in the saliva when compared to healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna C Longo
- Department of Dentistry, State University of Maringá (UEM), Av. Mandacaru, 1550, Campus Universitário, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Isabel B Rohling
- Department of Dentistry, State University of Western Parana (UNIOESTE), Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Pauline L M O E Silva
- Department of Dentistry, State University of Western Parana (UNIOESTE), Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Maria E F de Morais
- Department of Dentistry, State University of Maringá (UEM), Av. Mandacaru, 1550, Campus Universitário, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Hélvis E S Paz
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Renato C V Casarin
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Sheila A B Nishiyama
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Maria D B de Souza
- Department of Dentistry, State University of Western Parana (UNIOESTE), Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Cléverson O Silva
- Department of Dentistry, State University of Maringá (UEM), Av. Mandacaru, 1550, Campus Universitário, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
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Bayraktar G, Yılmaz Göler AM, Aksu B, Öztürk Özener H. Efficacy of hypochlorous acid as an alternative oral antimicrobial agent on human gingival fibroblasts, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Candida albicans biofilms in vitro. Biofouling 2023; 39:980-989. [PMID: 38018019 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2023.2288071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
This study compared the cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) at 50 ppm and 200 ppm and 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX) at various time intervals, in vitro. Cell viability and cytotoxicity of human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) were evaluated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test and the lactate dehydrogenase assay. Antimicrobial effects on Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Candida albicans were determined using the time-kill method. All solutions exhibited a significant impact on HGFs in a dose- and time-dependent manner. 50 ppm HOCl demonstrated the highest cell viability, followed by 200 ppm HOCl. Both HOCl solutions were less cytotoxic to HGFs than 0.2% CHX. 50 ppm and 200 ppm HOCl demonstrated stronger efficiencies than CHX against A. actinomycetemcomitans and C. albicans. The data suggest that HOCl solutions have potential as an alternative antiseptic to CHX due to their lower cytotoxicity and superior antimicrobial activity, but optimal dosage of HOCl requires further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gözdem Bayraktar
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Burak Aksu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, Turkey
| | - Hafize Öztürk Özener
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Lotfy WA, Matar MA, Alkersh BM. Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of cinnamon essential oil and its individual compounds on Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans isolated from black extrinsic tooth stain: an in vitro study. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2023; 24:661-674. [PMID: 37747658 PMCID: PMC10600304 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-023-00841-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
AIM Black extrinsic tooth stain (BETS) is a health challenge that commonly affects children. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) presents in higher prevalence within the polymicrobial community of BETS. In this study, the anti-planktonic and anti-sessile activities of cinnamon essential oil (CEO) and its individual compounds against Aa were evaluated. The preventive effect of CEO and its active substances on BETS formation was also studied in vitro. METHODS Aa was isolated from a preschool child with BETS and was identified based on the morphological characteristics, MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopy and 16S rRNA sequencing. The effect of CEO and its individual compounds on the growth kinetics of planktonic and sessile Aa cells as well as their antibacterial efficacy and their rate of bacterial killing were examined. The preventive effect of CEO and its active substances on the formation of BETS was evaluated using an ex vivo model. The data were analysed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the significance level was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS Out of eight individual compounds of CEO, only eugenol, cinnamaldehyde and α-methyl cinnamaldehyde showed anti-Aa activities. The values of the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were in the following order: CEO (421.5 mg/ml) > α-methyl cinnamaldehyde (26.37 mg/ml) > cinnamaldehyde (0.209 mg/ml) > eugenol (0.052 mg/ml). CEO, eugenol, cinnamaldehyde and α-methyl cinnamaldehyde, respectively, exhibited two-, four-, four- and eightfold increase of sessile MIC compared to their planktonic MIC. The growth kinetics of both planktonic and sessile Aa in the presence of CEO, eugenol, cinnamaldehyde and α-methyl cinnamaldehyde revealed a complete inhibition at the MICs and 5.3%-37.4% biofilm inhibition at sub-MICs. The time-killing study demonstrated that CEO, eugenol and cinnamaldehyde were capable of reducing the survival rate of both planktonic and sessile Aa cells after 15-20 and 25-30 min, respectively. However, α-methyl cinnamaldehyde showed a superior anti-planktonic to anti-biofilm activity. The daily incorporation of CEO, eugenol and cinnamaldehyde at their MICs for 14 days totally prevented the formation of BETS in the ex vivo model; however, in the case of α-methyl cinnamaldehyde, BETS was visually detectable after 10 days. CONCLUSION CEO and its individual compounds have marked antibacterial activity against Aa. The effective results against planktonic and sessile Aa within reasonable time indicate that they can be used to prevent BETS.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A Lotfy
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - M A Matar
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - B M Alkersh
- Marine Environment Division, Marine Microbiology Laboratory, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Alexandria, Egypt
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Ardila CM, Bedoya-García JA, Arrubla-Escobar DE. Antibiotic resistance in periodontitis patients: A systematic scoping review of randomized clinical trials. Oral Dis 2023; 29:2501-2511. [PMID: 35735133 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of the study was to evaluate the prevalence and proportions of antibiotic-resistant species in periodontitis patients. METHODS A systematic scoping review of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) was conducted using the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews involving different databases. MeSH terms and keywords were provided to examine only RCTs with antibiotic-resistant results that included at least 3 months of follow-up of systematically healthy patients diagnosed with periodontitis and treated with systemic or local antibiotics adjunctive to subgingival debridement. RCTs that managed participants surgically, duplicate publications, and investigations implemented on animals were discarded. RESULTS Six RCTs were chosen. These studies included 465 patients. Most investigations observed that while Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia, and Porphyromonas gingivalis had low resistance to amoxicillin, microorganisms in many sites showed resistance to tetracycline, metronidazole, and azithromycin pretreatment. A. actinomycetemcomitans showed high resistance to tetracycline pre- and post-therapy. The proportion of antibiotic-resistant samples augmented rapidly after the prescription of antibiotics in all test groups. The percentage of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms decreased over time; at the end of the follow-up period, resistance levels were close to baseline levels. CONCLUSIONS Adjunctive local and systemic antibiotic treatment temporarily increased the antibiotic resistance of subgingival microorganisms; nonetheless, many bacteria remained susceptible to antibiotics during their administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos-M Ardila
- Universidad de Antioquia U de A, Medellín, Colombia
- Biomedical Stomatology Research Group, Universidad de Antioquia U de A, Medellín, Colombia
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15
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Brinar S, Skvarča A, Gašpirc B, Schara R. The effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on periodontal disease and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:6235-6244. [PMID: 37672083 PMCID: PMC10560165 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05239-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study is aimed at determining the effect of concomitant antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPTD) on periodontal disease and glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four patients with T2DM were enrolled in the study. Periodontal clinical parameters were assessed by measuring probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), gingival recession (GR), full-mouth bleeding score (FMBS), full-mouth plaque score (FMPS), and full-mouth sulcus bleeding score (FMSBS). Glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was measured. To determine the presence of the following periodontal pathogenic bacteria, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola, subgingival plaque samples were taken from two periodontal pockets per jaw with the greatest PPD using paper tips. Patients were randomly divided into the test and control group. In the test group, full-mouth disinfection was performed in combination with aPTD. In the control group, only full-mouth disinfection was performed. RESULTS The results showed an improvement in periodontal clinical parameters in both groups. The difference between the groups in favour of the test group was statistically significant for BOP. The HbA1c level decreased in both groups. The difference was not statistically significant. The results of the microbiological analysis suggest that the presence of periodontal pathogenic bacteria is lower with additional antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with statistically significant difference for T. forsythia. CONCLUSIONS Additional aPDT causes a significant reduction in BoP in the proportion of positive sites for periodontal pathogens. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05816941. CLINICAL RELEVANCE aPTD is a noninvasive adjunctive therapy that can positively influence the periodontal treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Brinar
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Community Health Centre Murska Sobota, Murska Sobota, Slovenia
| | - Aleš Skvarča
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Boris Gašpirc
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rok Schara
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Kim TJ, Shenker BJ, MacElroy AS, Spradlin S, Walker LP, Boesze-Battaglia K. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans cytolethal distending toxin modulates host phagocytic function. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1220089. [PMID: 37719670 PMCID: PMC10500838 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1220089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytolethal distending toxins (Cdt) are a family of toxins produced by several human pathogens which infect mucocutaneous tissue and induce inflammatory disease. Human macrophages exposed to Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) Cdt respond through canonical and non-canonical inflammasome activation to stimulate cytokine release. The inflammatory response is dependent on PI3K signaling blockade via the toxin's phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) phosphatase activity; converting PIP3 to phosphatidylinsoitol-3,4-diphosphate (PI3,4P2) thereby depleting PIP3 pools. Phosphoinositides, also play a critical role in phagosome trafficking, serving as binding domains for effector proteins during phagosome maturation and subsequent fusion with lysosomes. We now demonstrate that AaCdt manipulates the phosphoinositide (PI) pools of phagosome membranes and alters Rab5 association. Exposure of macrophages to AaCdt slowed phagosome maturation and decreased phago-lysosome formation, thereby compromising macrophage phagocytic function. Moreover, macrophages exposed to Cdt showed decreased bactericidal capacity leading to increase in Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans survival. Thus, Cdt may contribute to increased susceptibility to bacterial infection. These studies uncover an underexplored aspect of Cdt function and provide new insight into the virulence potential of Cdt in mediating the pathogenesis of disease caused by Cdt-producing organisms such as Aa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taewan J. Kim
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Bruce J. Shenker
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Andrew S. MacElroy
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Samuel Spradlin
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lisa P. Walker
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kathleen Boesze-Battaglia
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Lafaurie GI, Castillo DM, Iniesta M, Sanz M, Gómez LA, Castillo Y, Pianeta R, Delgadillo NA, Neuta Y, Diaz-Báez D, Herrera D. Differential analysis of culturable and unculturable subgingival target microorganisms according to the stages of periodontitis. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:3029-3043. [PMID: 36806930 PMCID: PMC10264511 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-04907-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Culturable and unculturable microorganisms have been associated with periodontitis. Their differential proportions and composition have not been evaluated by their severity and complexity defined by stages in the 2018 AAP-EEP classification. METHODS One hundred eighty subgingival biofilm samples were collected in Spain and Colombia from subjects categorized as health/gingivitis: periodontitis stages I/II periodontitis stages III/IV. Target culturable microorganisms (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, and Eubacterium nodatum) and target unculturable microorganisms (Filifactor alocis, Eubacterium saphenum, Eubacterium brachy, Desulfobulbus oralis) were evaluated by quantitative PCR analysis. In addition, their differences and association with periodontal status were analyzed by ANCOVA and logistic regression models once adjusted to age, current smoking, and country. RESULTS P. gingivalis was significantly associated with periodontitis stages I/II, OR 2.44 (CI 95% 1.08-5.47) and stages III/V, OR 6.43 (CI 95% 2.43-16.9). T forsythia, OR 7.53 (CI 95% 2.07-27.4); D. oralis, OR 5.99 (CI 95% 2.71-13.23); F. alocis, OR 10.9 (CI 95% 4.56-23.2); E. brachy, 3.57 (CI 95% 1.40-9.11); and E. saphenum, 4.85 (CI 95% 1.99-11.7) were significantly associated only with stages III/IV periodontitis. P. gingivalis evidenced significant differences with the increase in the severity of the periodontal lesion: 2.97 colony forming unit (CFU)/μL (CI 95% 2.32-3.54) health/gingivitis, and 4.66 CFU/μL (CI 95% 4.03-5.30) and 5.90 CFU/μL (CI 95% 5.20-6.48) in stages I/II and III/IV respectively (p < 0.0001). Unculturable microorganisms only evidenced differences in concentration in stages III/IV compared with health-gingivitis (p ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSION Culturable and unculturable are strongly associated with stages III/IV periodontitis. Classic culturable microorganisms are more sensitive to differentiate between stages of periodontitis in the quantitative analysis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Future interventional studies of periodontal disease should include Filifactor alocis, Eubacterium saphenum, Eubacterium brachy, and Desulfobulbus oralis as possible markers of therapy response and as indicators of progressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Inés Lafaurie
- Unit of Basic Oral Investigation (UIBO), School of Dentistry, Universidad El Bosque, Ak. 9 #13, 1a-20 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Diana Marcela Castillo
- Unit of Basic Oral Investigation (UIBO), School of Dentistry, Universidad El Bosque, Ak. 9 #13, 1a-20 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Margarita Iniesta
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases) Research Group, School of Dentistry, University Complutense of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Sanz
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases) Research Group, School of Dentistry, University Complutense of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luz Amparo Gómez
- Unit of Basic Oral Investigation (UIBO), School of Dentistry, Universidad El Bosque, Ak. 9 #13, 1a-20 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Yormaris Castillo
- Unit of Basic Oral Investigation (UIBO), School of Dentistry, Universidad El Bosque, Ak. 9 #13, 1a-20 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Roquelina Pianeta
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases) Research Group, School of Dentistry, University Complutense of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- School of Dentistry, Corporación Universitaria Rafael Núñez, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Nathaly Andrea Delgadillo
- Unit of Basic Oral Investigation (UIBO), School of Dentistry, Universidad El Bosque, Ak. 9 #13, 1a-20 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Yineth Neuta
- Unit of Basic Oral Investigation (UIBO), School of Dentistry, Universidad El Bosque, Ak. 9 #13, 1a-20 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - David Diaz-Báez
- Unit of Basic Oral Investigation (UIBO), School of Dentistry, Universidad El Bosque, Ak. 9 #13, 1a-20 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - David Herrera
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases) Research Group, School of Dentistry, University Complutense of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
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Alamir AB, Alshaalan M. Aggressive pulmonary destructive lesion caused by aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans: a pediatric case report in Saudi Arabia. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2023; 27:3565-3568. [PMID: 37140307 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202304_32131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to describe invasive pneumonia with rib destruction caused by Aggregatibacter (Actinobacillus) actinomycetemcomitans that mimicked malignancy and tuberculosis of the chest on initial presentation. CASE PRESENTATION We reported a case of A. actinomycetemcomitans pneumonia with rib destruction and reviewed similar published pediatric cases. It was noted in this case that Aggregatibacter (Actinobacillus) actinomycetemcomitans is a fastidious, slow-growing organism that caused pneumonia and rib destruction. It needed a long duration of therapy to eradicate the organism. CONCLUSIONS Aggregatibacter (Actinobacillus) actinomycetemcomitans, a fastidious gram-negative bacillus that is part of the oral flora, is frequently found in human periodontal cultures and is an important pathogen causing various invasive infections. Pneumonia caused by A. actinomycetemcomitans is rare and treatment protocols are not well established.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Alamir
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia.
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Teixeira W, do Nascimento C, Pereira RMA, Mendonça G, Fernandes GVDO, Wang HL, Pedrazzi V. Bacterial Leakage Evaluation Through DNA-DNA Checkerboard Hybridization Technique in Morse Taper Implant-Abutment Connections: An In Vitro Study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2023; 38:313-320. [PMID: 37083915 DOI: 10.11607/jomi.9886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the activity of local gel containing metronidazole (MN) in the leakage area, which was analyzed by the DNA-DNA checkerboard hybridization method. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six sets of Morse taper/mini-pillar implants were used in this study. These implants were equally divided into the following three groups: MN gel (test group), no MN gel (negative test group), and no gel (control). The gel was prepared with metronidazole (15%). Unstimulated saliva samples were collected, transferred to a Falcon tube, and stored at 37°C. The sets were partially immersed in microtubes containing 300 μL of saliva and were incubated at 37°C ± 1°C for 7 days. Microbial infiltration was evaluated (37 bacterial species and 5 species of Candida). The results were analyzed with Wald-Type, ANOVA, and multiple comparisons analysis between groups. Results: After comparing the quantity of microorganisms, both gel-treated groups (no MN gel and MN gel) had more significant microorganism presence than the control group (P < .001), and no significant result was found between the no MN gel and MN gel groups (P > .05). Regarding the bacteria found, the most common were Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella melaninogenica, Bacteroides fragilis, and Candida tropicalis. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, it was concluded that the gel containing metronidazole used in this study was not effective in preventing the infiltration of microorganisms through the Morse taper implant-abutment interface.
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Fu Y, Maaβ S, Cavallo FM, de Jong A, Raangs E, Westra J, Buist G, Becher D, van Dijl JM. Differential Virulence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Serotypes Explained by Exoproteome Heterogeneity. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0329822. [PMID: 36541765 PMCID: PMC9927298 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03298-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) is a Gram-negative bacterial pathogen associated with periodontitis and nonoral diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and Alzheimer´s disease. Aa isolates with the serotypes a, b, and c are globally most prevalent. Importantly, isolates displaying these serotypes have different clinical presentations. While serotype b isolates are predominant in severe periodontitis, serotypes a and c are generally encountered in mild periodontitis or healthy individuals. It is currently unknown how these differences are reflected in the overall secretion of virulence factors. Therefore, this study was aimed at a comparative analysis of exoproteomes from different clinical Aa isolates with serotypes a, b, or c by mass spectrometry, and a subsequent correlation of the recorded exoproteome profiles with virulence. Overall, we identified 425 extracellular proteins. Significant differences in the exoproteome composition of isolates with different serotypes were observed in terms of protein identification and abundance. In particular, serotype a isolates presented more extracellular proteins than serotype b or c isolates. These differences are mirrored in their virulence in infection models based on human salivary gland epithelial cells and neutrophils. Remarkably, serotype a isolates displayed stronger adhesive capabilities and induced more lysis of epithelial cells and neutrophils than serotype b or c isolates. Conversely, serotype c isolates showed relatively low leukotoxicity, while provoking NETosis to similar extents as serotype a and b isolates. Altogether, we conclude that the differential virulence presentation by Aa isolates with the dominant serotypes a, b, or c can be explained by their exoproteome heterogeneity. IMPORTANCE Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that causes progressive destruction of alveolar bone and supporting tissues around the teeth, ultimately resulting in tooth loss. The bacterium Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) is a prevalent causative agent of periodontitis, but this oral pathogen is also associated with serious extraoral diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and Alzheimer's disease. Clinical Aa isolates are usually distinguished by serotyping, because of known serotype-specific differences in virulence. Aa with serotype b is associated with aggressive forms of periodontitis, while isolates with serotypes a or c are usually encountered in cases of mild periodontitis or healthy individuals. The molecular basis for these differences in virulence was so far unknown. In the present study, we pinpoint serotype-specific differences in virulence factor production by clinical Aa isolates. We consider these findings important, because they provide new leads for future preventive or therapeutic approaches to fight periodontitis and associated morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Fu
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sandra Maaβ
- University of Greifswald, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Microbial Proteomics, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Francis M. Cavallo
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anne de Jong
- University of Groningen, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Erwin Raangs
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Johanna Westra
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Girbe Buist
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dörte Becher
- University of Greifswald, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Microbial Proteomics, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jan Maarten van Dijl
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology, Groningen, the Netherlands
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21
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Marin MJ, Figuero E, Herrera D, Sanz M. Quantitative Analysis of Periodontal Pathogens Using Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2588:157-169. [PMID: 36418687 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2780-8_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is a variant of PCR aimed to detect and quantify a targeted DNA molecule. This is made through the addition of probes labeled with fluorescent molecules that emit fluorescence within each amplification cycle, resulting in fluorescence values proportional to the amount of accumulated PCR product. This chapter presents the detailed procedures for quantification of different periodontal pathogens (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia, Campylobacter rectus, Streptococcus oralis, and Fusobacterium spp.) using qPCR. It also includes the description of the most frequent problems encountered, how to solve them, and recommendations to minimize the risks for laboratory staff handling oral samples. In addition, a detailed protocol for multiplex qPCR to detect and quantify Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Tannerella forsythia is also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mª José Marin
- Oral Research Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases (ETEP) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Figuero
- Oral Research Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases (ETEP) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Herrera
- Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases (ETEP) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Sanz
- Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases (ETEP) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
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22
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Sengupta S, Ganesh S, Meenakshi S, Bettahalli AS, Rao RM, Swamy KNR. Comparative evaluation of the antibacterial activity of red diode laser therapy and 0.2% chlorhexidine against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans on implant healing abutments: An ex vivo study. J Indian Prosthodont Soc 2023; 23:12-20. [PMID: 36588370 PMCID: PMC10088439 DOI: 10.4103/jips.jips_158_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The intraoral microbiota has a high potential to undergo dysbiosis, causing inflammatory changes with respect to the tissues surrounding either a natural tooth or an implant. Thus, the longevity of implant prosthesis depends on a thorough implant decontamination protocol. Among all the techniques available for doing so, laser is garnering increasing popularity, owing to minimal bleeding, high efficiency, and faster healing. However, limited literature exists regarding the superiority of lasers over chlorhexidine (CHX), the indisputable gold standard antibacterial chemical agent. The aim of this study was to compare the percentage of bacterial reduction of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans from implant healing abutments post red diode laser therapy versus 0.2% CHX treatment. Settings and Design The current study had an ex vivo, observational, case-control design. Materials and Methods Patients reporting for the second stage of the implant surgery were taken as the source of data and the healing abutments, the clinical samples. Eleven patients were chosen with one intraoral implant serving as the test site for laser treatment and another, the control site for CHX treatment. Microbiological analysis was performed via quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction to compare the bacterial reduction percentage after each treatment. Statistical Analysis Used Repeated measures ANOVA and independent sample t test were used. Results The mean bacterial viability of the test group (laser) was 1.2%-1.6%, and 0.6%-1.4% for the control group (CHX). The former caused a mean bacterial reduction of 96.1% while the latter, 96.3%. Both the treatments caused a highly statistically significant reduction of viable bacterial counts (P = 0.001). However, when compared, there was no statistically significant difference in the bacterial reduction, when compared in between the two (P = 0.902). Conclusion Laser treatment is at par with chemical implant surface decontamination. It can help bypass the complications of CHX and revolutionize the protocols for implant surface decontamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumee Sengupta
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, JSS Dental College and Hospital, JSSAHER, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - S. Ganesh
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, JSS Dental College and Hospital, JSSAHER, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - S. Meenakshi
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, JSS Dental College and Hospital, JSSAHER, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Avinash Singh Bettahalli
- Department of Periodontology, JSS Dental College and Hospital, JSSAHER, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Raghavendra M. Rao
- Department of Microbiology, JSS Dental College and Hospital, JSSAHER, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - K. N. Raghavendra Swamy
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, JSS Dental College and Hospital, JSSAHER, Mysore, Karnataka, India
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23
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Lucchese A, Nocini R, Lo Giudice A, Asperio P, Guglietta F, Carenzi L, Bertacci A, Donadello D, Farronato M, Maspero C, Zerman N. Oral and throat microbiological changes after orthodontic debonding. New Microbiol 2022; 45:278-283. [PMID: 36190371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As already known, orthodontic treatment presents a factor of plaque retention, promoting an increase of bacterial growth in the oral cavity. Nevertheless, after orthodontic debonding an alteration of the previous microbiological status may occur. The present study was designed to assess variations among six bacterial species in the oral cavity and the status of oral health after orthodontic debonding. At the end of the fixed orthodontic treatment, 30 patients were divided into three groups based on the type of retention: I - 10 patients were treated with upper and lower fixed retention devices, II - 10 with upper and lower removable retention devices, and III - 10 with lower fixed and upper removable retention devices. To assess the alterations of oral microbiota after orthodontic debonding, two salivary swabs were collected for each individual: the first immediately after debonding (T0) and the other one 6 weeks later (T1). Six species, the ones most correlated with the development of caries and periodontal disease, were selected for microbiological analysis with Real-time PCR: Streptococcus mutans, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Furthermore, in order to correlate the microbiological outcomes with the clinical condition, oral health indexes at T0 and T1 were assessed for all patients. Six weeks after debonding, the salivary levels of the bacteria investigated tend to decrease and the values of the oral health indexes tend to improve with all types of treatment considered (p<.05). Salivary bacteria levels and oral health are similarly influenced by fixed and/or removable orthodontic retentions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Lucchese
- Unit of Orthodontics, Division of Dentistry IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Unit of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Unit of Dentistry, Research Center for Oral Pathology and Implantology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Nocini
- Section of ENT; Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics; University of Verona; Verona, Italy
| | - Antonino Lo Giudice
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Policlinico Universitario "Vittorio Emanuele-G. Rodolico", Catania, Italy
| | - Paolo Asperio
- Division of Maxillo Facial Surgery, Cardinal Massaia Hospital, 14100 Asti, Italy
| | - Flaminia Guglietta
- Unit of Orthodontics, Division of Dentistry IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Unit of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Letizia Carenzi
- Unit of Orthodontics, Division of Dentistry IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Unit of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Angelica Bertacci
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DiBiNeM), School of Dentistry, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dario Donadello
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Policlinico G.B. Rossi, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marco Farronato
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Section of Orthodontics, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Maspero
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, Milan, 20100, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, 20100, Italy
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24
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Ardila CM, Vivares-Builes AM. Antibiotic Resistance in Patients with Peri-Implantitis: A Systematic Scoping Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph192315609. [PMID: 36497685 PMCID: PMC9737312 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The implementation of adjunctive antibiotics has been recommended for the therapy of peri-implantitis (PI). In this review, antibiotic resistance patterns in PI patients were assessed. A systematic scoping review of observational studies and trials was established in conjunction with the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews. The SCOPUS, PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCIELO, Web of Science, and LILACS databases were reviewed along with the gray literature. The primary electronic examination produced 139 investigations. Finally, four observational studies met the selection criteria. These studies evaluated 214 implants in 168 patients. Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum mainly presented high resistance to tetracycline, metronidazole, and erythromycin in PI patients. Similarly, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was also highly resistant to clindamycin and doxycycline. Other microorganisms such as Tannerella forsythia, Parvimonas micra, and Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens also presented significant levels of resistance to other antibiotics including amoxicillin, azithromycin, and moxifloxacin. However, most microorganisms did not show resistance to the combination amoxicillin metronidazole. Although the management of adjunctive antimicrobials in the therapy of PI is controversial, in this review, the resistance of relevant microorganisms to antibiotics used to treat PI, and usually prescribed in dentistry, was observed. Clinicians should consider the antibiotic resistance demonstrated in the treatment of PI patients and its public health consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M. Ardila
- Basic Studies Department, School of Dentistry, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín 050010, Colombia
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25
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Zhang Y, Shang L, Roffel S, Krom BP, Gibbs S, Deng D. Stable reconstructed human gingiva–microbe interaction model: Differential response to commensals and pathogens. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:991128. [PMID: 36339338 PMCID: PMC9631029 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.991128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate human oral health and disease, models are required which represent the interactions between the oral mucosa and microbiome. Our aim was to develop an organotypic model which maintains viability of both host and microbes for an extended period of time. Methods Reconstructed Human Gingiva (RHG) were cultured air-lifted with or without penicillin-streptomycin (PS) and topically exposed to Streptococcus gordonii (commensal) or Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (pathogen) for 72 hours in agar. RHG histology, viability and cytokines (ELISA), and bacterial viability (colony forming units) and location (FISH) were assessed. Results The low concentration of topically applied agar did not influence RHG viability. Topically applied bacteria in agar remained localized and viable for 72 hours and did not spill over to infect RHG culture medium. PS in RHG culture medium killed topically applied bacteria. Co-culture with living bacteria did not influence RHG viability (Ki67 expression, MTT assay) or histology (epithelium differentiation, Keratin10 expression). RHG exposed to S. gordonii (with or without PS) did not influence low level of IL-6, IL-8, CCL2, CCL5, CCL20 or CXCL1 secretion. However, all cytokines increased (except CCL2) when RHG were co-cultured with A. actinomycetemcomitans. The effect was significantly more in the presence of living, rather than dead, A. actinomycetemcomitans. Both bacteria resulted in increased expression of RHG antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) Elafin and HBD-2, with S. gordonii exposure resulting in the most Elafin secretion. Conclusion This technical advance enables living human oral host–microbe interactions to be investigated during a 72-hour period and shows differences in innate immunology triggered by S. gordonii and A. actinomycetemcomitans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Orthodontic, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Shang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sanne Roffel
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan P. Krom
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Susan Gibbs
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dongmei Deng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Dongmei Deng,
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Shenker BJ, Walker LP, Zekavat A, Korostoff J, Boesze-Battaglia K. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Cytolethal Distending Toxin-Induces Cell Cycle Arrest in a Glycogen Synthase Kinase (GSK)-3-Dependent Manner in Oral Keratinocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911831. [PMID: 36233133 PMCID: PMC9570058 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytolethal distending toxins (Cdt) are produced by a diverse group of pathogens. One Cdt-producing organism, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of a unique form of periodontitis, formerly referred to as localized aggressive periodontitis. The active Cdt subunit, CdtB, is a potent phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3,4,5-triphosphate phosphatase capable of inducing PI-3-kinase signaling blockade, a requisite for Cdt-induced toxicity in lymphocytes. In this study, we extended our observations to include the oral keratinocyte response to AaCdt using cell lines and primary gingival keratinocytes. All three exhibited G2/M arrest when exposed to AaCdt toxin within 24 h. Toxin-treated cells exhibited reduced levels of pAkt and pGSK3β within 6 h. Pre-treatment with GSK3β kinase inhibitors, LY2090314, CHIR99021 and Tideglusib, abrogated Cdt-induced G2/M arrest. None of the oral epithelial cells exhibited evidence of apoptosis. Cells remained arrested in the G2/M phase for at least 72 h without evidence of DNA damage response activation (H2AX phosphorylation). Cdt-treated cells displayed increased phosphorylation of the cyclin dependent kinase 1 (CDK1); moreover, the GSK3 inhibitors blocked this increase and reduced total CDK1 levels. This study further clarifies the potential mechanism(s) contributing to Cdt toxicity and toxin-mediated pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce J. Shenker
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Lisa P. Walker
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ali Zekavat
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jonathon Korostoff
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kathleen Boesze-Battaglia
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Bachtiar EW, Bachtiar BM, Kusumaningrum A, Sunarto H, Soeroso Y, Sulijaya B, Apriyanti E, Theodorea CF, Pratomo IP, . Y, Efendi D, Razak FA. ACE2 expression in saliva of patients with COVID-19 and its association with Candida albicans and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. F1000Res 2022; 11:557. [PMID: 36112976 PMCID: PMC9445561 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.111965.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A relationship between oral microbiota and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection has been extensively studied. However, the relationship between oral commensal flora and expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (
ACE2) remains to be established. In this observational study, we collected saliva from patients with COVID-19 and evaluated the relationship between
ACE2 expression and
Candida albicans as well as with selected gram-negative bacteria (
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans,
Fusobacterium nucleatum, and
Veillonella parvula). We investigated how this may be directly or indirectly involved in oral dysbiosis in patients with COVID-19. Methods: We included 23 hospitalized patients admitted to Universitas Indonesia Hospital with PCR-confirmed COVID-19, with six healthy participants serving as controls. Saliva and tongue surface swabs were collected from patients with diabetes (DG) and without diabetes (NDG) and subject controls. Using quantitative PCR (qPCR) we assessed the mRNA expression of
ACE2, the abundance of
C. albicans, and the transcription levels of its biofilm-associated genes, agglutinin-like protein 3 (
ALS3), hyphal wall protein 1 (
HWP1), and yeast-form wall protein 1 (
YWP1). We also counted the relative proportion of the three selected gram-negative oral bacteria in saliva. All analyses were performed to determine the relationship between
ACE2 expression and
C. albicans and gram-negative bacteria. Results:ACE2 mRNA expression was significantly higher in tongue swab samples than in saliva. However, no significant difference was observed between the patient groups. Conversely, DG patients had a significantly higher abundance of
C. albicans in saliva compared to NDG patients and control group patients. The correlation and sensitivity/specificity relationship between
ACE2 expression and
C. albicans or the selected oral bacteria were also observed. Conclusions: The data show that
ACE2 expression can be detected in saliva of patients with COVID-19 and its association with
C. albicans and gram-negative oral bacteria might contribute toward developing an oral dysbiosis based predictor for prognosis of COVID-19 severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endang W Bachtiar
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia - Oral Science Research Center, Jakarta, DKI, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Boy M Bachtiar
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia - Oral Science Research Center, Jakarta, DKI, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Ardiana Kusumaningrum
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - Clinical Microbiology Medicine Staff Group, Universitas Indonesia Hospital, Depok, West Java, 16424, Indonesia
| | - Hari Sunarto
- Dental Center, Universitas Indonesia Hospital, Depok, West Java, 16424, Indonesia
| | - Yuniarti Soeroso
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, DKI, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Benso Sulijaya
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, DKI, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Efa Apriyanti
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia and Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Universitas Indonesia Hospital, Depok, West Java, 16424, Indonesia
| | - Citra Fragrantia Theodorea
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia - Oral Science Research Center, Jakarta, DKI, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Irandi Putra Pratomo
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, DKI, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Yudhistira .
- Clinical Pathology Medicine Staff Group, Universitas Indonesia Hospital, Depok, West Java, 16424, Indonesia
| | - Defi Efendi
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Universitas Indonesia Hospital, Depok, West Java, 16424, Indonesia
| | - Fathilah Abdul Razak
- Department of Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
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Manor Y, Beitlitum I, Manor A, Greenshtein RBN. Presence of Periopathogens in Sinus Floor Augmentation Sites: A Cohort Study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2022; 37:913-919. [PMID: 36170305 DOI: 10.11607/jomi.9576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of periopathogens on bone grafts for maxillary sinus floor augmentation and implant survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cohort study was designed. Samples from maxillary sinus floor augmentation sites and from periodontal pockets in adjacent teeth of the same patients were collected during the surgery and following periodontal maintenance and plaque removal. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed by an external lab service for analysis of the following periopathogens: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola. Correlations between the presence of periopathogens in sinus sites and periodontal pockets in adjacent teeth and the clinical findings (bone and implant survival) were studied. RESULTS A total of 23 patients were suitable for study inclusion. Periopathogens were found in sinus sites in 6 patients (26%) and in tooth sites in 15 patients (65%). There was low correlation for the presence of periopathogens between tooth sites and sinus sites and for complications. CONCLUSION The presence of periopathogens as revealed by PCR was lower in sinus sites compared with tooth sites. Their presence neither caused bone pathology nor affected dental implant survival. The presence of periopathogens in sinus sites is inevitable even under periodontal maintenance. Although its presence did not endanger implant survival, future studies are recommended for studying this issue. Further analyses of the presence of periopathogens in cases of bone resorption at the apex of dental implants inserted into sites of augmented sinuses are warranted.
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Lund Håheim L, Thelle DS, Rønningen KS, Olsen I, Schwarze PE. Low level of antibodies to the oral bacterium Tannerella forsythia predicts bladder cancers and Treponema denticola predicts colon and bladder cancers: A prospective cohort study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272148. [PMID: 35994451 PMCID: PMC9394794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explores the risk for cancer by level of antibodies to the anaerobe oral bacteria of periodontitis Tannerella forsythia (TF), Porphyromonas gingivalis (PG), and Treponema denticola (TD) all three collectively termed the red complex, and the facultative anaerobe bacterium Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (AA). The prospective cohort, the Oslo II-study from 2000, the second screening of the Oslo study of 1972/73, has been followed for 17 ½ years with regard to cancer incidence and mortality. A random sample of 697 elderly men comprised the study cohort. The antibody results measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used in the Cox proportional hazards analyses, and quartile risk on cancer incidence in a 17 ½ years follow-up. Among the 621 participants with no prior cancer diagnoses, 221 men developed cancer. The incidence trend was inverse, and the results are shown as 1st quartile of highest value and 4th as lowest of antibody levels. The results of the Cox proportional regression analyses showed that TF inversely predicts bladder cancer (n = 22) by Hazard Ratio (HR) = 1.71 (95% CI: 1.12, 2.61). TD inversely predicts colon cancer (n = 26) by HR = 1.52 (95% CI: 1.06, 2.19) and bladder cancer (n = 22) by HR = 1.60 (95% CI: 1.05, 2.43). Antibodies to two oral bacteria, TF and TD, showed an inverse risk relationship with incidence of specific cancers: TF bladder cancer, TD bladder and colon cancer. Lowered immunological response to the oral infection, periodontitis, is shown to be a risk factor in terms of cancer aetiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Lund Håheim
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Dag S. Thelle
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Ingar Olsen
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Radulescu V, Boariu MI, Rusu D, Roman A, Surlin P, Voicu A, Didilescu AC, Jentsch H, Siciliano VI, Ramaglia L, Vela O, Kardaras G, Sculean A, Stratul SI. Clinical and microbiological effects of a single application of sodium hypochlorite gel during subgingival re-instrumentation: a triple-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:6639-6652. [PMID: 35829773 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04618-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to assess the clinical and microbiological effects of a single subgingival administration of sodium hypochlorite gel (NaOCl) and compare it with 1% chlorhexidine (CHX) gel and a placebo gel following mechanical re-instrumentation during supportive periodontal therapy (SPT). MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-two patients who had been treated for stage III-IV periodontitis and enrolled in SPT were included in the study based on following criteria: (1) active periodontal therapy completed at least 6 months before enrollment in the study, (2) presence of at least 4 non-adjacent sites with probing pocket depths (PPDs) ≥ 4 mm with bleeding on probing (BOP), or presence of 5-8 mm PPDs with or without BOP. All sites presenting PPD ≥ 4 mm and BOP at baseline and 3-, 6-, and 9-month follow-up timepoints were subgingivally re-instrumented with ultrasounds. Selected patients were randomly assigned into three groups and treated additionally with a single subgingival administration of NaOCl gel (group A); 1% CHX gel (group B); and placebo gel (group C). Main outcome variable was pocket closure at 12 months. Secondary outcome variables were changes in mean PPD, BOP, and clinical attachment level (CAL) along with changes in the numbers of the following five keystone bacterial pathogens: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A.a.), Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g.), Prevotella intermedia (P.i.), Tannerella forsythia (T.f.), and Treponema denticola (T.d.). RESULTS At 12 months, pocket closure was obtained in 77.5% in the NaOCl treated sites. The reduction in PPD was higher with CHX than with NaOCl, although a statistically significant adjunctive effect for NaOCl (P = 0.028) was only observed in comparison with placebo only. Mean CAL improved in all groups and at all timepoints, compared to the baseline (P < 0.05). However, after 6 months, CAL gain was statistically significantly higher in the NaOCl treated group than following application of CHX (P = 0.0026). CONCLUSION In SPT patients, a single adjunctive use of a NaOCl gel may provide benefits in controlling inflammation and residual pockets. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN Registry of Clinical Trials (ISRCTN11387188). CLINICAL RELEVANCE A baseline single application of NaOCl gel in conjunction with mechanical debridement may achieve substantial pocket closure in patients enrolled in SPT; treatment time, cost, and applicability considerations should be taken into account when selecting this therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viorelia Radulescu
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Anton Sculean Research Center for Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, , Timisoara, Romania
| | - Marius Ion Boariu
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, TADERP Research Center, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania.
| | - Darian Rusu
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Anton Sculean Research Center for Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, , Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alexandra Roman
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Applicative Periodontal Regeneration Research Unit, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Petra Surlin
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania
| | - Adrian Voicu
- Department of Informatics and Medical Biostatistics, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Andreea Cristiana Didilescu
- Department of Embryology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucuresti, Romania
| | - Holger Jentsch
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, Centre for Periodontology, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Vincenzo Iorio Siciliano
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Ramaglia
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Octavia Vela
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Anton Sculean Research Center for Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, , Timisoara, Romania
| | - Giorgios Kardaras
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Anton Sculean Research Center for Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, , Timisoara, Romania
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefan-Ioan Stratul
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Anton Sculean Research Center for Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, , Timisoara, Romania
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Kawai T, Ohshima T, Tanaka T, Ikawa S, Tani A, Inazumi N, Shin R, Itoh Y, Meyer K, Maeda N. Limosilactobacillus (Lactobacillus) fermentum ALAL020, a Probiotic Candidate Bacterium, Produces a Cyclic Dipeptide That Suppresses the Periodontal Pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:804334. [PMID: 35321313 PMCID: PMC8936145 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.804334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease develops as a result of oral microbiota in dysbiosis, followed by the growth of periodontal pathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia. In case of acute symptoms, antibacterial agents and disinfectants are administered, however the appearance of drug-resistant bacteria and allergies cause problems. In recent years, studies on the effects of probiotics have been conducted as an alternative therapy for periodontitis. However, the basic mechanism of the inhibitory effect of probiotic bacteria on periodontal disease has not been clearly elucidated. To clarify the antibacterial mechanism of probiotics against periodontal pathogens, we used Limosilactobacillus (Lactobacillus) fermentum ALAL020, which showed the strongest antibacterial activity against P. gingivalis and P. intermedia among 50 screened lactic acid bacteria strains. The antibacterial substances produced were identified and structurally analyzed. After neutralizing the MRS liquid culture supernatant of ALAL020 strain, the molecular weight (m/z) of the main antibacterial substance separated by gel filtration column chromatography and reverse phase HPLC was 226.131. This low molecular weight compound was analyzed by LC-MS and disclosed the composition formula C11H18O3N2, however the molecular structure remained unknown. Then, structural analysis by NMR revealed C11H18O3N2 as the cyclic dipeptide, “hexahydro-7-hydroxy-3- (2-methylpropyl) pyrrolo [1,2-a] pyrazine-1,4-dion cyclo (Hyp-Leu) “. Based on the results of this analysis, cyclo (Hyp-Leu) was chemically synthesized and the antibacterial activity against P. gingivalis and P. intermedia was measured. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 2.5 g/L and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was shown to be less than 5 g/L. In addition, an in vitro epithelial tissue irritation test at 10 g/L showed no tissue toxicity. So far there are no reports of this peptide being produced by probiotic bacteria. Furthermore, antibacterial activity of this cyclic dipeptide against periodontal disease bacteria has not been confirmed. The results of this study might lead to a comprehensive understanding of the antibacterial mechanism against periodontal disease bacteria in future, and are considered applicable for the prevention of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Kawai
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ohshima
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Tomoko Ohshima,
| | - Takeshi Tanaka
- Research Division of Polymer Functional Materials, Osaka Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Izumi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ikawa
- Research Division of Applied Material Chemistry, Osaka Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Izumi, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tani
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Naoya Inazumi
- Technical Support Division, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Shin
- Research Institute for Fermentative Microbes, A. L. A. Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukie Itoh
- Research Institute for Fermentative Microbes, A. L. A. Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Karen Meyer
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Tsurumi Junior College, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Nobuko Maeda
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
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Bai L, Chen BY, Liu Y, Zhang WC, Duan SZ. A Mouse Periodontitis Model With Humanized Oral Bacterial Community. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:842845. [PMID: 35273925 PMCID: PMC8902145 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.842845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that periodontitis, characterized by oral dysbiosis, is a critical player in the progression of multiple systemic diseases in humans. However, there is still a lack of a proper mouse model of periodontitis with the colonization of human periodontitis-associated bacteria. We here established a new mouse periodontitis model by combining ligation of the second molars with application of subgingival plaques from periodontitis patients. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and Taxonomic classification, we found that human periodontitis-associated bacteria efficiently colonized in the mouse model and were enriched in both ligature silk and mouse saliva. Furthermore, the well-recognized periodontal pathogens including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, and Tannerella forsythia were enriched in the new model, but not in ligature-induced periodontitis model or Sham mice. The human periodontitis-associated bacteria potently aggravated mouse periodontitis, as demonstrated by more severe bone resorption and higher expression of inflammatory and osteoclastogenesis genes. In summary, the new mouse periodontitis model paves the way for studying human periodontitis-associated bacteria in oral diseases and systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Bai
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo-Yan Chen
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wu-Chang Zhang
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Sheng-Zhong Duan, ; Wu-Chang Zhang,
| | - Sheng-Zhong Duan
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Sheng-Zhong Duan, ; Wu-Chang Zhang,
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Salhi L, Rijkschroeff P, Van Hede D, Laine ML, Teughels W, Sakalihasan N, Lambert F. Blood Biomarkers and Serologic Immunological Profiles Related to Periodontitis in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Patients. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:766462. [PMID: 35096635 PMCID: PMC8798408 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.766462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory gum disease associated with systemic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases. Aim To investigate the association of systemic blood biomarkers, C-reactive protein (CRP), levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and IgG levels against periodontal pathogens Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) with the stability, based on the aortic diameter, the growth rate and the eligibility for surgical intervention, of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Methods Patients with stable AAA (n = 30) and unstable AAA (n = 31) were recruited. The anti-A. actinomycetemcomitans and anti-P. gingivalis IgG levels were analyzed by ELISA, the LPS analysis was performed by using the limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test, and plasma levels of CRP were determined using an immune turbidimetric method. The association between these blood systemic biomarkers, AAA features, periodontal clinical parameters and oral microbial profiles were explored. Regression models were used to test the relationship between variables. Results The presence of antibodies against Pg and Aa, LPS and high CRP concentrations were found in all AAA patients. The IgG levels were similar in patients with stable and unstable AAA (both for Aa and Pg). Among investigated blood biomarkers, only CRP was associated with AAA stability. The amount of LPS in saliva, supra, and subgingival plaque were significantly associated with the systemic LPS (p <0.05). Conclusions This post-hoc study emphasizes the presence of antibodies against Pg and Aa, LPS and high CRP concentrations in all AAA patients. The presence of Pg in saliva and subgingival plaque was significantly associated with the blood LPS levels. For further studies investigating periodontitis and systemic diseases, specific predictive blood biomarkers should be considered instead of the use of antibodies alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Salhi
- Department of Periodontology, Buccal Surgery and Implantology, Faculty of Medicine, Liège, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Leila Salhi, ; orcid.org/0000-0003-3529-8452
| | - Patrick Rijkschroeff
- Department of Periodontology , Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit (VU) Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dorien Van Hede
- Department of Periodontology, Buccal Surgery and Implantology, Faculty of Medicine, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marja L. Laine
- Department of Periodontology , Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit (VU) Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wim Teughels
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven & Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Natzi Sakalihasan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Liège, Belgium
| | - France Lambert
- Department of Periodontology, Buccal Surgery and Implantology, Faculty of Medicine, Liège, Belgium
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Kopra E, Lahdentausta L, Pietiäinen M, Buhlin K, Mäntylä P, Hörkkö S, Persson R, Paju S, Sinisalo J, Salminen A, Pussinen PJ. Systemic Antibiotics Influence Periodontal Parameters and Oral Microbiota, But Not Serological Markers. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:774665. [PMID: 35004349 PMCID: PMC8738095 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.774665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of systemic antibiotics may influence the oral microbiota composition. Our aim was to investigate in this retrospective study whether the use of prescribed antibiotics associate with periodontal status, oral microbiota, and antibodies against the periodontal pathogens. The Social Insurance Institution of Finland Data provided the data on the use of systemic antibiotics by record linkage to purchased medications and entitled reimbursements up to 1 year before the oral examination and sampling. Six different classes of antibiotics were considered. The Parogene cohort included 505 subjects undergoing coronary angiography with the mean (SD) age of 63.4 (9.2) years and 65% of males. Subgingival plaque samples were analysed using the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridisation. Serum and saliva antibody levels to periodontal pathogens were analysed with immunoassays and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activity with the LAL assay. Systemic antibiotics were prescribed for 261 (51.7%) patients during the preceding year. The mean number of prescriptions among them was 2.13 (range 1-12), and 29.4% of the prescriptions were cephalosporins, 25.7% penicillins, 14.3% quinolones, 12.7% macrolides or lincomycin, 12.0% tetracycline, and 5.8% trimethoprim or sulphonamides. In linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, current smoking, and diabetes, number of antibiotic courses associated significantly with low periodontal inflammation burden index (PIBI, p < 0.001), bleeding on probing (BOP, p = 0.006), and alveolar bone loss (ABL, p = 0.042). Cephalosporins associated with all the parameters. The phyla mainly affected by the antibiotics were Bacteroidetes and Spirochaetes. Their levels were inversely associated with the number of prescriptions (p = 0.010 and p < 0.001) and directly associated with the time since the last prescription (p = 0.019 and p < 0.001). Significant inverse associations were observed between the number of prescriptions and saliva concentrations of Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola and subgingival bacterial amounts of Porphyromonas gingivalis, P. intermedia, T. forsythia, and T. denticola. Saliva or serum antibody levels did not present an association with the use of antibiotics. Both serum (p = 0.031) and saliva (p = 0.032) LPS activity was lower in patients having any antibiotic course less than 1 month before sampling. Systemic antibiotics have effects on periodontal inflammation and oral microbiota composition, whereas the effects on host immune responses against the periodontal biomarker species seem unchanged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Kopra
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Lahdentausta
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Milla Pietiäinen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kåre Buhlin
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Päivi Mäntylä
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sohvi Hörkkö
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Rutger Persson
- Department of Periodontics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Oral Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - Susanna Paju
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Sinisalo
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Cardiology, Heart and Lung Center, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aino Salminen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirkko J. Pussinen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Maula T, Vahvelainen N, Tossavainen H, Koivunen T, T. Pöllänen M, Johansson A, Permi P, Ihalin R. Decreased temperature increases the expression of a disordered bacterial late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) protein that enhances natural transformation. Virulence 2021; 12:1239-1257. [PMID: 33939577 PMCID: PMC8096337 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1918497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins are important players in the management of responses to stressful conditions, such as drought, high salinity, and changes in temperature. Many LEA proteins do not have defined three-dimensional structures, so they are intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and are often highly hydrophilic. Although LEA-like sequences have been identified in bacterial genomes, the functions of bacterial LEA proteins have been studied only recently. Sequence analysis of outer membrane interleukin receptor I (BilRI) from the oral pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans indicated that it shared sequence similarity with group 3/3b/4 LEA proteins. Comprehensive nuclearcgq magnetic resonance (NMR) studies confirmed its IDP nature, and expression studies in A. actinomycetemcomitans harboring a red fluorescence reporter protein-encoding gene revealed that bilRI promoter expression was increased at decreased temperatures. The amino acid backbone of BilRI did not stimulate either the production of reactive oxygen species from human leukocytes or the production of interleukin-6 from human macrophages. Moreover, BilRI-specific IgG antibodies could not be detected in the sera of A. actinomycetemcomitans culture-positive periodontitis patients. Since the bilRI gene is located near genes involved in natural competence (i.e., genes associated with the uptake of extracellular (eDNA) and its incorporation into the genome), we also investigated the role of BilRI in these events. Compared to wild-type cells, the ΔbilRI mutants showed a lower transformation efficiency, which indicates either a direct or indirect role in natural competence. In conclusion, A. actinomycetemcomitans might express BilRI, especially outside the host, to survive under stressful conditions and improve its transmission potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terhi Maula
- Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Nelli Vahvelainen
- Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Helena Tossavainen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Tuuli Koivunen
- Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Anders Johansson
- Division of Molecular Periodontology, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Perttu Permi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Riikka Ihalin
- Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Marchesan J, Moss K, Morelli T, Teles F, Divaris K, Styner M, Ribeiro A, Webster-Cyriaque J, Beck J. Distinct Microbial Signatures between Periodontal Profile Classes. J Dent Res 2021; 100:1405-1413. [PMID: 33906500 PMCID: PMC8529299 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211009767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise classification of periodontal disease has been the objective of concerted efforts and has led to the introduction of new consensus-based and data-driven classifications. The purpose of this study was to characterize the microbiological signatures of a latent class analysis (LCA)-derived periodontal stratification system, the Periodontal Profile Class (PPC) taxonomy. We used demographic, microbial (subgingival biofilm composition), and immunological data (serum IgG antibody levels, obtained with checkerboard immunoblotting technique) for 1,450 adult participants of the Dental Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study, with already generated PPC classifications. Analyses relied on t tests and generalized linear models with Bonferroni correction. Men and African Americans had higher systemic antibody levels against most microorganisms compared to women and Caucasians (P < 0.05). Healthy individuals (PPC-I) had low levels of biofilm bacteria and serum IgG levels against most periodontal pathogens (P < 0.05). Subjects with mild to moderate disease (PPC-II to PPC-III) showed mild/moderate colonization of multiple biofilm pathogens. Individuals with severe disease (PPC-IV) had moderate/high levels of biofilm pathogens and antibody levels for orange/red complexes. High gingival index individuals (PPC-V) showed moderate/high levels of biofilm Campylobacter rectus and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Biofilm composition in individuals with reduced periodontium (PPC-VI) was similar to health but showed moderate to high antibody responses. Those with severe tooth loss (PPC-VII) had significantly high levels of multiple biofilm pathogens, while the systemic antibody response to these microorganisms was comparable to health. The results support a biologic basis for elevated risk for periodontal disease in men and African Americans. Periodontally healthy individuals showed a low biofilm pathogen and low systemic antibody burden. In the presence of PPC disease, a microbial-host imbalance characterized by higher microbial biofilm colonization and/or systemic IgG responses was identified. These results support the notion that subgroups identified by the PPC system present distinct microbial profiles and may be useful in designing future precise biological treatment interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.T. Marchesan
- Division of Comprehensive Oral Health, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - K. Moss
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - T. Morelli
- Division of Comprehensive Oral Health, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - F.R. Teles
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - K. Divaris
- Division of Pediatric and Public Health, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - M. Styner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - A.A. Ribeiro
- Division of Diagnostic Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J. Webster-Cyriaque
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J. Beck
- Division of Comprehensive Oral Health, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Iwai T, Matsui Y, Homma K, Takemura T, Fujiwara M, Aoyama N, Furukawa A, Sato H, Izumi Y. Pathological and immunological differences of arterial thrombi and wall caused by three different periodontal bacterial injections in rat models and proposals on the pathogeneses of vascular diseases. Clin Exp Dent Res 2021; 7:637-646. [PMID: 33463085 PMCID: PMC8543461 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Periodontal bacteria that have been studied show a strong connection to various vascular diseases. Among the many kinds of periodontal bacteria, Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) is well examined in the general aspects and in a rat model. However, whether other periodontal bacteria work or react differently is not studied well. MATERIAL AND METHODS We chose Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) and Prevotella intermedia (Pi) as different types of periodontal bacteria. Low-density and high-density bacterial solutions were injected in the small artery of rats' groins using our rat model. Eighteen limbs of 9 SD male rats (500-650 g) were used. After 7 days, 14-18 days, and 28 days, the rats were sacrificed. A pathological and an immuno-histochemical study was conducted and reported on the low-density group with 12 limbs because the Pi group lacked a high-density study. Immuno-histochemical staining of live Pg was performed on three limbs of three rats at 1 h, 3 h, and 1 week after injection. RESULTS The appearances from the acute, at 7 days, to chronic phases, at 28 days, were observed. The differences of the species were certainly observed in the internal elastic lamina (IEL), and immuno-histochemical reactions. The inflammatory reactions, such as cellular distribution or intra-thrombus materials, were similar in all. One week later, we could not see any living bacteria in the specimen or immunological observation. CONCLUSIONS The three species were essentially the same, except for Aa's stronger disruption of IEL, and more CD3 (Pan T cell) in Pi and more CD79a (Pan B cell) in Pg. We propose a new concept of a possible mechanism of vascular diseases, in which the work of LPS (lipopolysaccharides) and a toll-like receptor (TLR) is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehisa Iwai
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Collagen Disease MedicineTsukuba Vascular CenterMoriyaJapan
| | - Yoshiki Matsui
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Collagen Disease MedicineTsukuba Vascular CenterMoriyaJapan
| | - Kaori Homma
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Collagen Disease MedicineTsukuba Vascular CenterMoriyaJapan
| | - Tamiko Takemura
- Section of PathologyJapanese Red‐Cross Medical CenterTokyoJapan
| | | | - Norio Aoyama
- Kanagawa Dental University HospitalYokosukaJapan
| | - Asuka Furukawa
- Department of Human PathologyTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroki Sato
- Department of PeriodontologyTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Yuichi Izumi
- Department of PeriodontologyTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
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Schröder A, Stumpf J, Paddenberg E, Neubert P, Schatz V, Köstler J, Jantsch J, Deschner J, Proff P, Kirschneck C. Effects of mechanical strain on periodontal ligament fibroblasts in presence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans lysate. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:405. [PMID: 34407790 PMCID: PMC8371899 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01761-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Many adult orthodontic patients suffer from periodontitis, which is caused by oral pathogens such as the gram-negative Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Agac). Like orthodontic tooth movement, periodontitis is associated with inflammation and alveolar bone remodelling thereby affecting orthodontic treatment. Interactions of both processes, however, are not sufficiently explored, particularly with regard to oxidative stress. METHODS After preincubation with Agac lysate for 24 h periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLF) were either stretched or compressed for further 48 h simulating orthodontic forces in vitro. We analysed the expression of genes and proteins involved in the formation of reactive oxygen species (NOX-4, ROS) and nitric oxide (NOS-2), inflammation (TNF, IL-6, PTGS-2) and bone remodelling (OPG, RANKL). RESULTS Agac lysate elevated the expression of NOX-4, NOS-2, inflammatory IL-6 and PTGS-2 and the bone-remodelling RANKL/OPG ratio during compressive, but not tensile mechanical strain. Agac lysate stimulated pressure-induced inflammatory signalling, whereas surprisingly ROS formation was reduced. Pressure-induced downregulation of OPG expression was inhibited by Agac lysate. CONCLUSIONS Agac lysate impact on the expression of genes and proteins involved in inflammation and bone remodelling as well as ROS formation, when PDLF were subjected to mechanical forces occurring during orthodontic tooth movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Schröder
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Julia Stumpf
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Eva Paddenberg
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Neubert
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Valentin Schatz
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Josef Köstler
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan Jantsch
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - James Deschner
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Medicine, University Medicine Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter Proff
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Janjalashvili T, Iverieli M. FREQUENCY OF PRESENCE OF PERIODONTOPATHOGENIC BACTERIA IN THE PERIODONTAL POCKETS. Georgian Med News 2021:56-60. [PMID: 34365426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The study is aimd at detection the pathogenic markers: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomit, Porphyromonas Gingivalis, Prevotella Intermedia, Tannerella Forsythia and Treponema Denticola, identify their types, qualitative content and encounter frequency in periodontal pockets of the patients with generalized periodontitis, stage II (A or B level), before and after treatment with mechanical forms of therapy - Ultrasound, Vector or Laser Therapy . The material has been studied by using Micro-Ident biological method based on DNA-Strip technology. The surveyed 25 patients (women - 75% and men - 25%), 20 to 60 years of age, were divided into the three groups: group I treatment with Ultrasound scaler (n=9), group II treatment with Ultrasound Scaler and Diode laser (n=8), group III treatment with Ultrasound Scaler and Vector Sistem (n=8). All five strain before treatment were detected in 3 (12.5%) cases, none of the strain were detected in 1 patient (4%); among the rest 21 patients (87.5%) the following associations of different microorganisms were detected: P.G., P.I, T.F., T.D. - in 20.8% of patients, P.G., T.F., T.D. - 12.5%; A.A., P.G., P.I., T.F. - 4.16%; P.G., P.I., T.F.-33.28%; P.I., T.F., T.D. - 4.16%; A.A., P.G., T.F., T.D. - 12.5%; P.I., T.F. - 4.16%; P.G., P.I., T.D. - 4.16%. After evaluating the effectiveness of the treatment, based on Ultrasound system, Vector system, Diode laser and the complex picture of clinical and laboratory examinations in patients with generalized periodontitis, stage II, A or B level, a significant improvement in clinical conditions was observed. The microbiological study of Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomit (AA), Porphyromonas Gingivalis (PG), Prevotella Intermidia (PI), Tannerella Forsythia (BF), Treponema Denticola (TD) showed a complete elimination of qualitative and quantitative data after Vector therapy, but no reliable elimination of bacteria was observed after ultrasound and laser therapies. After treatment all five strain were detected in 1 (4%) case, 4 strain A.A., P.G., T.F., T.D. in 1 (4%) case, P.G.,P.I.,T.F.,T.D. - 2 (8%) case, 3 strain P.G., P.I., T.F in 3 (12.5%) case, 2 strain P.G., T.F - 1 strain (4%) and 1 T.F in 2 (8%).
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Affiliation(s)
- T Janjalashvili
- Dental Clinic and Training-Research Center UniDent; Tbilisi State Medical University, Department of Periodontal and Oral Mucosal Diseases, Georgia
| | - M Iverieli
- Dental Clinic and Training-Research Center UniDent; Tbilisi State Medical University, Department of Periodontal and Oral Mucosal Diseases, Georgia
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Yukihira N, Hori H, Yamashita T, Kawamura A, Fukuchi T, Sugawara H. Spontaneous Pyogenic Spondylitis and Possible Infective Endocarditis Caused by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Intern Med 2021; 60:1621-1625. [PMID: 33328398 PMCID: PMC8188020 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.5103-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, an etiological agent associated with periodontitis, endocarditis, and other infections, has rarely been implicated in spondylitis. A 70-year-old man with aortic valve replacement presented with a 4-month history of lower back pain and was diagnosed with spondylitis. Prolonged incubation of blood cultures and a biopsy yielded A. actinomycetemcomitans. Concurrent infective endocarditis (IE) was probable considering the infectious organism and the patients' prosthetic valve. The patient was treated with ceftriaxone and recovered well. Pyogenic spondylitis with possible concurrent IE may be caused by A. actinomycetemcomitans. Extended incubation and repeated cultures should be considered if Haemophilus spp., Aggregatibacter spp, Cardiobacterium spp, Eikenella spp, and Kingella spp. (HACEK) infection is suspected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Yukihira
- Department of Anesthesia, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Hospital Corporation, Toshima Hospital, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hori
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Comprehensive Medicine 1, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamashita
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Comprehensive Medicine 1, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Ai Kawamura
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Comprehensive Medicine 1, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Takahiko Fukuchi
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Comprehensive Medicine 1, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sugawara
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Comprehensive Medicine 1, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Japan
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Passinato Gheller SDA, Porto AN, Borba AM, Veiga KDA, Aranha AMF. Periodontal Findings in Children and Adolescents with Cleft Lip and/or Palate: A Case-Control Study. Pediatr Dent 2021; 43:133-139. [PMID: 33892839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate periodontal disease and oral biofilm in children and adolescents with cleft lip and/or palate (CLP). Methods: A total of 118 individuals aged six to 18 years, with CLP (n equals 60) and without CLP (n equals 58), were evaluated according to plaque index (PI), gingival bleeding index (BI), clinical attachment level (CAL), and probing pocket depth (PPD). Gingivitis and periodontitis were also diagnosed. Samples of subgingival oral biofilm were collected, and genomic DNA was extracted for oral microbial analysis. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerela forsythia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Streptococcus oralis were identified and quantified by qPCR using Taqman primers and probes. Results: PI, BI, CAL, and PPD were statistically higher in the CLP group. Gingivitis was observed in 52 percent and 29 percent (P<0.001) and mild periodontitis was observed in 48 percent and 22 percent (P<0.001) of the CLP and control groups, respectively. When the permanent dentition group was evaluated, a greater occurrence of mild periodontitis was observed in the CLP group (P<0.001). The level of A. actinomycetemcomitans (P<0.001), P. gingivalis (P<0.001), and T. forsythia (P<0.001) was statistically higher in the subgingival biofilm of the CLP group. Conclusions: The presence of cleft lip and/or palate negatively affects oral hygiene and levels of periodontopathogens in oral biofilm. In addition, clinical and microbiological results highlight the importance of early assessment of young people with cleft lip and/or palate and the permanent dentition to prevent periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexandre Meireles Borba
- Dr. Borba is a associate professor, Department of Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Cuiabá, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | | | - Andreza Maria Fábio Aranha
- Dr. Aranha is a associate professor, Department of Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Cuiabá, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil;,
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Tomšič K, Rodič K, Sotošek A, Videmšek P, Seme K, Herrera D, Sanz M, Gašperšič R. Do Differences in Cultivable Subgingival Species Exist between Different Periodontitis Stages and Grades? Oral Health Prev Dent 2021; 19:15-24. [PMID: 33491374 DOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b875525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the subgingival microbiological profiles of patients with periodontitis, to determine their stage and grade scores and to evaluate the differences in the microbiota among different stages and grades.
Materials and Methods: Sixty-seven (n = 67) periodontitis patients were selected. Periodontitis staging and grading, following the 2018 classification system, were defined. Following a clinical examination, subgingival samples were taken from the deepest periodontal pocket of each quadrant for cultivation, identification and quantification. The prevalence, proportion and counts of nine selected periodontal pathogens were determined, and differences between periodontitis stages III and IV and grades B and C were assessed.
Results: All nine cultivable periodontal bacteria were detected, of which the most prevalent was P. intermedia (91.0%) and the least prevalent were E. corrodens (9.0%) and C. ochracea (9.0%). The frequency of detection of the two main target pathogens, A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis, was 41.8% and 76.1%, respectively. The prevalence (grade B: 80.6%, grade C: 55.6%, p = 0.035) and total counts (grade B: 19.8 colony forming units - CFU/ml-4 (1.9-52.8); grade C: 4.0 CFU/ml-4 (0.0-26.4); p = 0.022) of F. nucleatum were statistically significantly higher in grade B than in grade C periodontitis patients, whereas the counts of P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans were similar between grades and stages.
Conclusion: Our study suggests that relevant differences between the various grades of periodontitis exist only in the numbers of F. nucleatum. Prevalence and quantities of other cultivable species between different stages and grades of periodontitis seem to be similar.
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Hodovana OІ, Skybchyk OV, Solomenchuk TM, Rumynska TM. ASSESSMENT OF THE MICROBIAL CONTENT OF PERIODONTAL POCKETS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC GENERALIZED PERIODONTITIS AND CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE. Wiad Lek 2021; 74:2428-2432. [PMID: 34896999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim: To study the rate of detection of specific periodontopathogenic microbiota in patients with chronic generalized periodontitis (CGP) and coronary artery disease (CAD) and assessment of the risk of periodontal pathogens in the development of CAD. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and methods: A microbiological study of the content of periodontal pockets was carried out in 64 patients with CGP and CAD of the study group (mean age - 56.9±7.9 years) and 20 patients of the comparison group (mean age - 45.2±11,8 years) who were not burdened with CAD. RESULTS Results: It was established that in patients with CGP and CAD the following periodontal pathogens were found more frequently than in the comparison group: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (56.3±6.20% vs 25.0±9.68%; p=0.01), Prevotella intermedia (54.7±6.22% vs. 20.0±8.94%; p=0.01), and Fusobacterium spp. (34.4±5.94 vs. 10.0±6.71%; p=0.04). The increase in the percentage of the association of the periodontal pathogens was revealed in patients with CAD, which increased with the severity of the pathological process in periodontal tissues. The results of the study indicate the association of A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. intermedia, Fusobacterium spp. with CAD: A. actinomycetemcomitans: OR=3.86 (95% CI: 1.25-11.90), p=0.015; P. intermedia: OR=4.83 (95% CI: 1.45-16.05), p=0.007; Fusobacterium spp.: OR=4.71 (95% CI: 1.00-22.20), p=0.035. CONCLUSION Conclusions: Analysis of the microbiological study indicates a high rate of detection of specific periodontal pathogens in patients with CGP and CAD. It can be assumed that the presence of such periodontal pathogens as A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. intermedia, Fusobacterium spp., significantly increases the risk of CAD.
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Bakhareva VY, Margaryan EG, Selifanova EI, Makeeva IM. [Research on microflora and the qualitative composition of periodontal pathogens by PCR method in patients with root caries and external cervical resorption]. Stomatologiia (Mosk) 2021; 100:19-23. [PMID: 34953183 DOI: 10.17116/stomat202110006119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to study the microflora of periodontal pockets and gingival fluid; determine the qualitative composition of periodontal pathogens by PCR; to determine the main associations of microorganisms, to determine the periodontal index in patients with cement caries, external pathological resorption and in patients from the comparison group. MATERIAL AND METHODS The examination included 80 patients, including 28 patients with a diagnosis of cement caries, 25 patients with a diagnosis of external cervical root resorption, 27 patients in the comparison group without tooth root damage. Based on the results of microbiological studies in various clinical conditions of the oral cavity, in particular, in different forms of lesions of the periodontium and hard tissues of teeth, the predominant microbial representatives and their combinations were identified. RESULTS According to the study, it was revealed that all patients with cement caries and external pathological resorption have pathological processes arising in the periodontium. The study of the qualitative composition of the microflora showed that in patients with cement caries, the following associations of microorganisms are most often found: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Candida albicans, Treponema denticola. Patients with external pathological resorption of microorganisms were found in patients with external pathological resorption of microorganisms: Prevotella intermedia, Treponema denticola, Candida albicans, Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Epstein-Barr virus. These periodontal pathogenic microorganisms have a wide range of pathogenicity factors, which allows them to induce a prolonged inflammatory process. CONCLUSION The study of the microflora of periodontal pockets and gingival sulcus in case of caries of cement and external pathological resorption is an important link in preventing the development and aggravation of pathological conditions of hard tissues of the tooth root and periodontal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Yu Bakhareva
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - E G Margaryan
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - E I Selifanova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - I M Makeeva
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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Dubar M, Clerc-Urmès I, Baumann C, Clément C, Alauzet C, Bisson C. Relations of Psychosocial Factors and Cortisol with Periodontal and Bacterial Parameters: A Prospective Clinical Study in 30 Patients with Periodontitis Before and After Non-Surgical Treatment. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17207651. [PMID: 33092182 PMCID: PMC7588876 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: The progression of periodontitis, induced by polymicrobial dysbiosis, can be modified by systemic or environmental factors such as stress or anxiety affecting host response. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential associations between psychosocial factors scores or salivary cortisol levels with clinical periodontal parameters and bacterial environment in patients with periodontitis; (2) Methods: Subgingival microbiota was collected in two pathological and one healthy sites from thirty diseased patients (before/after scaling and root planing (SRP)) and from one healthy site from thirty control patients. Usual clinical periodontal parameters were recorded, and a saliva sample was harvested. Patients completed stress and anxiety self-assessment questionnaires. Cortisol concentrations were determined by ELISA and bacteria were identified by PCR; (3) Results: No correlation between salivary cortisol and the stress-anxiety self-declared was found (p > 0.05), but high concentrations of this molecule were associated positively and linearly with periodontal pocket depth (p = 0.04). It appeared that certain psychosocial stressors are associated with a modulation of the bacterial colonization of pockets of diseased group (before/after SRP), notably concerning Tannerella forsythia (p = 0.02), Porphyromonas gingivalis (p = 0.03), Fusobacterium nucleatum (p = 0.049) and Campylobacter rectus (p = 0.01). (4) Conclusion: This study reveals associations between bacteria colonization and psychosocial parameters in periodontitis that needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Dubar
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Lille University Hospital, 59000 Lille, France
- Stress Immunity Pathogens Unit (SIMPA), EA 7300, University of Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France; (C.A.); (C.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Isabelle Clerc-Urmès
- Department of Methodology, Promotion and Investigation, UMDS, University Hospital of Nancy, 54500 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (I.C.-U.); (C.B.)
| | - Cédric Baumann
- Department of Methodology, Promotion and Investigation, UMDS, University Hospital of Nancy, 54500 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; (I.C.-U.); (C.B.)
| | - Céline Clément
- CHRU Nancy, Department of Public Health Dentistry, University Hospital, 54000 Nancy, France;
- “Interpsy” Laboratory, University of Lorraine, EA 4432, CEDEX 54015 Nancy, France
- «Health Systemic Process» Laboratory, University Lyon 1, EA 4129, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Corentine Alauzet
- Stress Immunity Pathogens Unit (SIMPA), EA 7300, University of Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France; (C.A.); (C.B.)
- CHRU Nancy, Microbiology Department, University Hospital, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Catherine Bisson
- Stress Immunity Pathogens Unit (SIMPA), EA 7300, University of Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France; (C.A.); (C.B.)
- Department of Periodontology, Nancy University Hospital, Lorraine University, 54500 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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Isola G, Polizzi A, Patini R, Ferlito S, Alibrandi A, Palazzo G. Association among serum and salivary A. actinomycetemcomitans specific immunoglobulin antibodies and periodontitis. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:283. [PMID: 33059645 PMCID: PMC7565341 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01258-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess the association between serum and salivary Immunoglobulin (Ig) Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans) specific antibodies in healthy controls (HC) and periodontitis (PT) patients. Furthermore, the objectives were to determine whether PT influenced serum A. actinomycetemcomitans specific antibodies and whether serum or salivary antibodies against A. actinomycetemcomitans IgG were mediated by serum high-sensitivity c-reactive protein (hs-CRP). METHODS Fifty-three patients with periodontitis and 48 HC were enrolled in the present study. Patients were regularly examined and characterized by clinical, salivary and blood samples analyses. A. actinomycetemcomitans IgA and IgG antibodies and hs-CRP were evaluated using a commercially available kit. The Spearman Correlation Test and Jonckheere-Terpstra Test were applied in order to assess the interdependence between serum A. actinomycetemcomitans IgG antibodies and clinical periodontal parameters. To evaluate the dependence of the serum and salivary A. actinomycetemcomitans IgG levels from possible confounders, univariate and multivariable linear regression analyses were performed. RESULTS Compared to HC, patients with PT had significantly higher IgA [serum: PT, 1.89 (1.2-2.2) EU vs HC, 1.37 (0.9-1.8) EU (p = 0.022); saliva: PT, 1.67 (1.4-2.1) EU vs HC, 1.42 (0.9-1.6) EU (p = 0.019)] and A. actinomycetemcomitans IgG levels [serum: PT, 2.96 (2.1-3.7) EU vs HC, 2.18 (1.8-2.1) EU (p < 0.001); saliva, PT, 2.19 (1.8-2.5) EU vs HC, 1.84 (1.4-2) EU (p = 0.028)]. In PT patients, serum A. actinomycetemcomitans IgG were associated with a proportional extent of PT and tooth loss (P-trend value< 0.001). The univariate regression analysis demonstrated that PT (p = 0.013) and high hs-CRP (p < 0.001) had a significant negative effect on serum and salivary A. actinomycetemcomitans IgG levels. The multivariate regression analysis showed that PT (p = 0.033), hs-CRP (p = 0.014) and BMI (p = 0.017) were significant negative predictors of serum A. actinomycetemcomitans IgG while hs-CRP (p < 0.001) and BMI (P = 0.025) were significant negative predictors of salivary A. actinomycetemcomitans IgG. CONCLUSIONS PT patients presented a significantly higher serum and salivary A. actinomycetemcomitans IgA and IgG compared to HC. There was a significant increase in serum A. actinomycetemcomitans IgG when patients presented a progressive extent of PT. Moreover, PT and hs-CRP were significant negative predictors of increased salivary and serum A. actinomycetemcomitans IgG levels. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was retrospectively registered at clinicaltrials.gov ( NCT04417322 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Isola
- grid.8158.40000 0004 1757 1969Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandro Polizzi
- grid.8158.40000 0004 1757 1969Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Romeo Patini
- grid.8142.f0000 0001 0941 3192Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Ferlito
- grid.8158.40000 0004 1757 1969Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Angela Alibrandi
- grid.10438.3e0000 0001 2178 8421Department of Economical, Business and Environmental Sciences and Quantitative Methods, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Palazzo
- grid.8158.40000 0004 1757 1969Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95124 Catania, Italy
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Etemadi A, Eftekhari Bayati S, Pourhajibagher M, Chiniforush N. In vitro effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with phycocyanin on Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans biofilm on SLA titanium discs. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 32:102062. [PMID: 33068819 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) with phycocyanin on Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans biofilm formed on sandblasted, large-grit, and acid-etched (SLA) titanium discs. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this in vitro experimental study, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), sublethal dose of diode laser irradiation time, and sublethal dose of aPDT were first determined. Next, 30 SLA titanium discs with 8 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness were incubated with A. actinomycetemcomitans in order for the bacterial biofilm to form, and were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 6): (I) negative control with no treatment, (II) positive control, immersed in 0.2 % chlorhexidine (CHX) for 5 min, (III) phycocyanin alone with ×2 MIC concentration for 5 min, (IV) diode laser alone (635 nm wavelength, 220 mW power), and (V) PDT with diode laser and phycocyanin. The samples were then sonicated, and the number of colony-forming units (CFUs) on each disc was calculated. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, t-test, and a post-hoc test. RESULTS aPDT with 125 μg/mL phycocyanin and 4 min irradiation of 635 nm diode laser decreasedA. actinomycetemcomitans biofilm by 40.07 %. The lowest mean colony count (CFUs/mL) was noted in 0.2 % CHX group (0.0 × 105 CFU/mL) while the highest mean was observed in the negative control group (4.55 ± 0.08 × 105 CFUs/mL). Using phycocyanin alone significantly decreased the A. actinomycetemcomitans count by 27.54 % (3.29 ± 0.06 × 105 CFUs/mL) compared with the negative control group (P < 0.0001). Significant differences were noted between the negative control and other groups (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION aPDT with phycocyanin and diode laser can decrease the A. actinomycetemcomitans biofilm on SLA titanium implant surfaces and can be used as a safe and non-invasive decontamination method for reduction of A. actinomycetemcomitans biofilm on implant surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardavan Etemadi
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Eftekhari Bayati
- Dental Student, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Pourhajibagher
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Chiniforush
- Dental Implant Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Ballardin BS, Rodrigues SAC, Feres M, Torres-Pereira CC, Soares GMS. Periodontal Attachment Loss in Children with Amegakaryocytic Purpura: Case Reports of Two Male Siblings. J Int Acad Periodontol 2020; 22:182-186. [PMID: 32980831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To report the periodontal condition of two siblings (ages 2 and 4) diagnosed with congenital Amegakaryocytic Purpura (AP), who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) and developed graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) with oral manifestations. METHODS Clinical history was obtained through physical examination and medical records. Patients received clinical and microbiological assessment at 2 months post-HSCT, when they started to show signs and symptoms of GVHD and were monitored at 8/15-months post-transplant. They were treated by means of prophylaxis and oral hygiene instruction. Two supragingival biofilm samples were collected from each patient and analyzed by Checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. RESULTS Patients developed severe periodontal clinical attachment loss (CAL) in deciduous dentition associated with recession of the periodontal tissues. They also presented GVHD lesions in the oral mucosa, lips and tongue. Caries lesions, gingivitis, and heavy biofilm deposits were identified. The microbiological profile of biofilm samples presented high levels and proportions of periodontal pathogens, such as Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. CONCLUSION The cases presented suggested that severe periodontal CAL in children with AP may be an atypical manifestation associated with AP and/or GVHD, which may be aggravated by the presence of a dysbiotic biofilm containing periodontal pathogens, especially A. actinomycetemcomitans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Soldatelli Ballardin
- Multiprofessional Residency Program in Oncology and Hematology, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Suelen aCroline Rodrigues
- Multiprofessional Residency Program in Oncology and Hematology, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Magda Feres
- Dental Research Division, Department of Periodontology, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, Brazil
| | - Cassius Carvalho Torres-Pereira
- 1Multiprofessional Residency Program in Oncology and Hematology, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; and Post Graduate Program in Dentistry, Department of Stomatology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Geisla Mary Silva Soares
- Multiprofessional Residency Program in Oncology and Hematology, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; and Post Graduate Program in Dentistry, Department of Stomatology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil. E-mail:
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Beyer A, Dalton M, Doll K, Winkel A, Stumpp NS, Stiesch M. In Vitro Antibacterial Effectiveness of a Naturopathic Oral Care Product on Oral Pathogens. Oral Health Prev Dent 2020; 18:625-632. [PMID: 32700516 DOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.a44938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Currently, the prevention of periodontal diseases focuses on mechanical removal of pathogenic biofilms combined with oral antiseptics as supportive chemical antibacterial control. Due to the risk of resistance development and side effects of existing antiseptics, the interest in alternative medicine with naturopathic treatment modalities is growing in dentistry. In the present study, the antibacterial effect of the naturopathic oral care product Repha OS and some of its derivatives, based on medicinal plant extracts and essential oils, with a specific focus on added sweeteners, was investigated on periodontal pathogenic and halitosis-associated bacteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antibacterial efficacy was investigated by agar dilution assay. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for the bacterial species Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Solobacterium moorei was determined. RESULTS A concentration-dependent antibacterial effect on oral bacterial species by Repha OS and its derivatives was demonstrated. For the original product, the maximum MIC was 10% of the calculated test solution concentration in agar for all examined bacterial species. The removal of essential oils reduced the antibacterial efficacy, whereas the displacement or replacement of sweeteners had almost no effect. CONCLUSION In addition to other individual effects of the ingredients, the results of this study show that an antibacterial effect of the naturopathic oral care product on the tested oral bacterial species was achieved in vitro. In vivo, the combination of this antibacterial effect with other properties of the various ingredients may be interesting for a holistic approach in preventive dentistry.
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Ardila CM, Hernández-Casas C, Bedoya-García JA. Effects on clinical outcomes of adjunctive moxifloxacin versus amoxicillin plus metronidazole in periodontitis patients harboring Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Tannerella forsythia: exploratory analyses from a clinical trial. Quintessence Int 2020; 52:20-29. [PMID: 32696031 DOI: 10.3290/j.qi.a44927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
<p>Objective: Considering the etiopathogenesis of periodontitis, it is relevant to evaluate the efficacy of the adjunctive use of systemic antimicrobials based on microbial occurrence. This report explores whether patients harboring Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), or Tannerella forsythia (Tf) at baseline could receive greater clinical benefits from adjunctive moxifloxacin (MXF) and amoxicillin plus metronidazole (AM+MT) in comparison to patients without the presence of these microorganisms before therapy for generalized periodontitis. A control group was established that received subgingival debridement (SD) alone.<br /> Method and materials: Thirty-six patients younger than 30 years of age were randomly allocated to one of three treatment groups: SD plus placebo, systemic MXF with SD, or AM+MT combined with SD. Subgingival samples were studied. The effects of the therapies on probing depth and clinical attachment level, including interactions with Aa, Pg, or Tf at baseline, were explored using regression models.<br /> Results: At 6 months, all treatment groups showed improved clinical outcomes in patients harboring Aa, Pg, or Tf at baseline compared to the patients who did not harbor these microorganisms at baseline. Indeed, in the presence of Aa, Pg, or Tf at baseline, the patients receiving antimicrobial protocols showed the most significant gains compared to the control group. Furthermore, the percentage of sites ≥ 6 mm was reduced in the test groups, compared to the control group; these periodontopathogens were not present in sites with probing depth ≥ 6 mm in the MXF group. The interactions of Aa, Pg, and Tf with the test groups significantly improved clinical parameters at 6 months (P < .001). Interestingly, the R2 value in the models that explored clinical attachment gain produced a high degree of correlation (> 0.75), indicating that a high percentage (> 75%) of the total variation in clinical attachment level gain can be explained by the independent variables.<br /> Conclusions: Although all patients benefited from the treatments, patients harboring Aa, Pg, or Tf at baseline showed improved clinical benefits at 6 months, suggesting that Aa, Pg, or Tf at baseline may change the effects of systemic MXF and AM+MT in generalized periodontitis. After 6 months, Aa, Pg, and Tf were not present in sites with probing depth ≥ 6 mm in the MXF group.</p>.
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