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Ebinghaus R, Barbaro E, Bengtson Nash S, de Avila C, de Wit CA, Dulio V, Felden J, Franco A, Gandrass J, Grotti M, Herata H, Hughes KA, Jartun M, Joerss H, Kallenborn R, Koschorreck J, Küster A, Lohmann R, Wang Z, MacLeod M, Pugh R, Rauert C, Slobodnik J, Sühring R, Vorkamp K, Xie Z. Berlin statement on legacy and emerging contaminants in polar regions. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 327:138530. [PMID: 37001758 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Polar regions should be given greater consideration with respect to the monitoring, risk assessment, and management of potentially harmful chemicals, consistent with requirements of the precautionary principle. Protecting the vulnerable polar environments requires (i) raising political and public awareness and (ii) restricting and preventing global emissions of harmful chemicals at their sources. The Berlin Statement is the outcome of an international workshop with representatives of the European Commission, the Arctic Council, the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting, the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), environmental specimen banks, and data centers, as well as scientists from various international research institutions. The statement addresses urgent chemical pollution issues in the polar regions and provides recommendations for improving screening, monitoring, risk assessment, research cooperation, and open data sharing to provide environmental policy makers and chemicals management decision-makers with relevant and reliable contaminant data to better protect the polar environments. The consensus reached at the workshop can be summarized in just two words: "Act now!" Specifically, "Act now!" to reduce the presence and impact of anthropogenic chemical pollution in polar regions by. •Establishing participatory co-development frameworks in a permanent multi-disciplinary platform for Arctic-Antarctic collaborations and establishing exchanges between the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program (AMAP) of the Arctic Council and the Antarctic Monitoring and Assessment Program (AnMAP) of the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) to increase the visibility and exchange of contaminant data and to support the development of harmonized monitoring programs. •Integrating environmental specimen banking, innovative screening approaches and archiving systems, to provide opportunities for improved assessment of contaminants to protect polar regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Ebinghaus
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Germany.
| | - Elena Barbaro
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council, Italy
| | - Susan Bengtson Nash
- Griffith University, Centre of Planetary Health and Food Security, Australia
| | - Cristina de Avila
- European Commission, Safe and Sustainable Chemicals, DG Environment, Belgium
| | - Cynthia A de Wit
- Stockholm University, Department of Environmental Science, Sweden
| | | | - Janine Felden
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, PANGAEA, Germany
| | - Antonio Franco
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Juergen Gandrass
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Germany
| | - Marco Grotti
- University of Genova, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Italy
| | | | | | - Morten Jartun
- NIVA - Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Norway
| | - Hanna Joerss
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Germany
| | - Roland Kallenborn
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences (KBM), Norwegian University of Life Science, Norway (NMBU), Norway; University of the Arctic Oulo, Finland
| | | | | | - Rainer Lohmann
- University of Rhode Island, Graduate School of Oceanography, USA
| | - Zhanyun Wang
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Technology and Society Laboratory, 9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Matthew MacLeod
- Stockholm University, Department of Environmental Science, Sweden
| | - Rebecca Pugh
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA
| | | | | | - Roxana Sühring
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria St, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Katrin Vorkamp
- Aarhus University, Department of Environmental Science, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Zhiyong Xie
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Germany
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Stojanovic M. Pursuitworthiness in urgent research: Lessons on well-ordered science from sustainability science. STUDIES IN HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE 2023; 98:49-61. [PMID: 36848774 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Urgent and complex sustainability problems are redefining the conditions for success of science and instigating novel methodologies and new roles of values in science. At the same time, sustainability research, mostly under the umbrella of sustainability science, is abundant with dubious methods and dubious aims of research, contributing to the already widespread crisis of the quality control mechanisms in science. This paper identifies some of these dubious methods (non-systemic thinking and specific contractual funding mechanisms) and dubious aims (unclear aims and undisclosed value assumptions), and argues that, with proper expert evaluation, it is possible to predict the type of content (and the scientific value) these forms of research will result in. Identifying the forms of research with predictably dubious results has practical implications for doing and evaluating research in sustainability science, on the one hand, while on the other, it contributes to the discussion on the ideal of well-ordered science by concretizing the ideal and developing a criterion for ordering science in the case of sustainability science. Finally, the paper provides a connection of sustainability science with the meta-science discussions on the crisis in the quality of science and on science organization, what at the same time more closely connects the philosophy of science with problems encountered in research practice tackling urgent, complex and value-laden problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milutin Stojanovic
- Practical Philosophy, University of Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS).
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3
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Umbelino-Walker I, Gupta A, Dadhich JP, Syruina EV, Cesuroglu T. Translating results into action: the global impact of the World Breastfeeding Trends Initiative. J Public Health Policy 2023; 44:59-74. [PMID: 36639428 PMCID: PMC9838349 DOI: 10.1057/s41271-023-00395-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The World Breastfeeding Trends Initiative (WBTi) provides a participative framework to bridge the gaps in policies and programs on breastfeeding. This concurrent mixed-methods study investigated how and why carrying out WBTi evaluations in countries influences their breastfeeding policies and outcomes. We used data from WBTi's Global Repository to evaluate performance scores in 98 countries and conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews to investigate the impact of WBTi process, using the Managing for Development Results structure and actor-network theory. Countries that conducted WBTi multiple times seem to have better breastfeeding policies and practices than countries that have assessed only once. The central feature of the process and its subsequent impact is the dialectical interaction between the technical and political elements of the WBTi exercise. We believe that WBTi's framework is a promising monitoring and evaluation tool that could be used to engage dialogue in other public health areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isis Umbelino-Walker
- Athena Institute, VU Amsterdam University, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Arun Gupta
- Breastfeeding Promotion Network of India, BP-33 Pitampura, New Delhi, Delhi, 110034, India
| | - J P Dadhich
- Breastfeeding Promotion Network of India, BP-33 Pitampura, New Delhi, Delhi, 110034, India
| | - Elena V Syruina
- Athena Institute, VU Amsterdam University, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tomris Cesuroglu
- Athena Institute, VU Amsterdam University, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Schneider F, Llanque-Zonta A, Andriamihaja OR, Andriatsitohaina RNN, Tun AM, Boniface K, Jacobi J, Celio E, Diebold CL, Patrick L, Latthachack P, Llopis JC, Lundsgaard-Hansen L, Messerli P, Mukhovi S, Tun NN, Rabemananjara ZH, Ramamonjisoa BS, Thongmanivong S, Vongvisouk T, Thongphanh D, Myint W, Zaehringer JG. How context affects transdisciplinary research: insights from Asia, Africa and Latin America. SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE 2022; 17:2331-2345. [PMID: 36439030 PMCID: PMC9684244 DOI: 10.1007/s11625-022-01201-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Transdisciplinary research (TDR) has been developed to generate knowledge that effectively fosters the capabilities of various societal actors to realize sustainability transformations. The development of TDR theories, principles, and methods has been largely governed by researchers from the global North and has reflected their contextual conditions. To enable more context-sensitive TDR framing, we sought to identify which contextual characteristics affect the design and implementation of TDR in six case studies in Asia, Latin America, and Africa, and what this means for TDR as a scientific approach. To this end, we distinguished four TDR process elements and identified several associated context dimensions that appeared to influence them. Our analysis showed that contextual characteristics prevalent in many Southern research sites-such as highly volatile socio-political situations and relatively weak support infrastructure-can make TDR a challenging endeavour. However, we also observed a high degree of variation in the contextual characteristics of our sites in the global South, including regarding group deliberation, research freedom, and dominant perceptions of the appropriate relationship between science, society, and policy. We argue that TDR in these contexts requires pragmatic adaptations as well as more fundamental reflection on underlying epistemological concepts around what it means to conduct "good science", as certain contextual characteristics may influence core epistemological values of TDR. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11625-022-01201-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flurina Schneider
- Centre for Development and Environment (CDE), University of Bern, Mittelstrasse 43, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Institute for Social-Ecological Research (ISOE), Hamburger Alee 45, 60486 Frankfurt, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre SBiK-F, Georg-Voigt-Straße 14, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Aymara Llanque-Zonta
- Faculty of Sustainability, Leuphana University, Universitätsallee 1, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany
| | | | - R. Ntsiva N. Andriatsitohaina
- Ecole Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques, Département des Eaux et Forêts, Université d’Antananarivo, B.P 175-101, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Aung Myin Tun
- Environmental Care and Community Security Institution ECCSi, 108, 2nd Flr, San Chaung St., Shin Saw Pu Ward, Sanchaung, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Kiteme Boniface
- Centre for Training and Integrated Research in ASAL Development (CDTRAD), P.O. Box 144-10400, Nanyuki, Kenya
| | - Johanna Jacobi
- Centre for Development and Environment (CDE), University of Bern, Mittelstrasse 43, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Enrico Celio
- Institute for Spatial and Landscape Development IRL, Planning of Landscape and Urban Systems PLUS, ETH Zürich, Stefano-Franscini-Platz 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Clara Léonie Diebold
- Centre for Development and Environment (CDE), University of Bern, Mittelstrasse 43, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Laby Patrick
- Ecole Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques, Département des Eaux et Forêts, Université d’Antananarivo, B.P 175-101, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Phokham Latthachack
- Faculty of Forest Science, National University of Laos, P.O. Box 7322, Vientiane, Laos
| | - Jorge Claudio Llopis
- Centre for Development and Environment (CDE), University of Bern, Mittelstrasse 43, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 2UW UK
| | - Lara Lundsgaard-Hansen
- Centre for Development and Environment (CDE), University of Bern, Mittelstrasse 43, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter Messerli
- Centre for Development and Environment (CDE), University of Bern, Mittelstrasse 43, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stellah Mukhovi
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Nwe Nwe Tun
- Environmental Care and Community Security Institution ECCSi, 108, 2nd Flr, San Chaung St., Shin Saw Pu Ward, Sanchaung, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Zo Hasina Rabemananjara
- Ecole Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques, Département des Eaux et Forêts, Université d’Antananarivo, B.P 175-101, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Bruno Salomon Ramamonjisoa
- Ecole Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques, Département des Eaux et Forêts, Université d’Antananarivo, B.P 175-101, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Sithong Thongmanivong
- Faculty of Forest Science, National University of Laos, P.O. Box 7322, Vientiane, Laos
| | - Thoumthone Vongvisouk
- Faculty of Forest Science, National University of Laos, P.O. Box 7322, Vientiane, Laos
| | - Daovorn Thongphanh
- Faculty of Forest Science, National University of Laos, P.O. Box 7322, Vientiane, Laos
| | - Win Myint
- Environmental Care and Community Security Institution ECCSi, 108, 2nd Flr, San Chaung St., Shin Saw Pu Ward, Sanchaung, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Julie Gwendolin Zaehringer
- Centre for Development and Environment (CDE), University of Bern, Mittelstrasse 43, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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Hoffmann S, Weber C, Mitchell C. Principles for Leading, Learning, and Synthesizing in Inter- and Transdisciplinary Research. Bioscience 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biac057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
abstract
Synthesizing heterogeneous findings from different scientific disciplines, thematic fields, and professional sectors is considered to be a critical component of inter- and transdisciplinary research endeavors. However, little is known about the complex interplay between synthesizing heterogeneous findings, leading creative synthesis, and learning about leading and synthesizing. In the present article, we therefore focus on the key interactions between leading and synthesizing, between synthesizing and learning, and between learning and leading in inter- and transdisciplinary contexts and compile a set of 21 principles that guide the interactions between these components. We use these principles to reflect ex post on the benefits and challenges we encountered in developing a nationwide monitoring program for river restoration in Switzerland and draw lessons learned for future inter- and transdisciplinary research endeavors. We conclude that learning and synthesizing do not happen on their own but need to be designed as intentional and purposeful processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Hoffmann
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf and Kastanienbaum , Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich , Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christine Weber
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf and Kastanienbaum , Switzerland
| | - Cynthia Mitchell
- Institute for Sustainable Futures, University of Technology , Sydney, Australia
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6
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Czosnek L, Zopf EM, Cormie P, Rosenbaum S, Richards J, Rankin NM. Developing an implementation research logic model: using a multiple case study design to establish a worked exemplar. Implement Sci Commun 2022; 3:90. [PMID: 35974402 PMCID: PMC9382723 DOI: 10.1186/s43058-022-00337-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Implementation science frameworks explore, interpret, and evaluate different components of the implementation process. By using a program logic approach, implementation frameworks with different purposes can be combined to detail complex interactions. The Implementation Research Logic Model (IRLM) facilitates the development of causal pathways and mechanisms that enable implementation. Critical elements of the IRLM vary across different study designs, and its applicability to synthesizing findings across settings is also under-explored. The dual purpose of this study is to develop an IRLM from an implementation research study that used case study methodology and to demonstrate the utility of the IRLM to synthesize findings across case sites. Method The method used in the exemplar project and the alignment of the IRLM to case study methodology are described. Cases were purposely selected using replication logic and represent organizations that have embedded exercise in routine care for people with cancer or mental illness. Four data sources were selected: semi-structured interviews with purposely selected staff, organizational document review, observations, and a survey using the Program Sustainability Assessment Tool (PSAT). Framework analysis was used, and an IRLM was produced at each case site. Similar elements within the individual IRLM were identified, extracted, and re-produced to synthesize findings across sites and represent the generalized, cross-case findings. Results The IRLM was embedded within multiple stages of the study, including data collection, analysis, and reporting transparency. Between 33-44 determinants and 36-44 implementation strategies were identified at sites that informed individual IRLMs. An example of generalized findings describing “intervention adaptability” demonstrated similarities in determinant detail and mechanisms of implementation strategies across sites. However, different strategies were applied to address similar determinants. Dependent and bi-directional relationships operated along the causal pathway that influenced implementation outcomes. Conclusions Case study methods help address implementation research priorities, including developing causal pathways and mechanisms. Embedding the IRLM within the case study approach provided structure and added to the transparency and replicability of the study. Identifying the similar elements across sites helped synthesize findings and give a general explanation of the implementation process. Detailing the methods provides an example for replication that can build generalizable knowledge in implementation research. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s43058-022-00337-8.
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Koskinen I, Rolin K. Distinguishing between legitimate and illegitimate roles for values in transdisciplinary research. STUDIES IN HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE 2022; 91:191-198. [PMID: 34954458 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we argue that the new demarcation problem does not need to be framed as the problem of defining a set of necessary and jointly sufficient criteria for distinguishing between acceptable and unacceptable roles that non-epistemic values can play in science. We introduce an alternative way of framing the problem and defend an open-ended list of criteria that can be used in demarcation. Applying such criteria requires context-specific work that clarifies which principles should be used, and possibly leads to the identification of new principles - which then can be added to the open-ended list. We illustrate our approach by examining a context where distinguishing between acceptable and unacceptable value influences in science is both needed and tricky: transdisciplinary research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inkeri Koskinen
- Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, 33014, Finland.
| | - Kristina Rolin
- Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, 33014, Finland.
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8
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Enacting theories of change for food systems transformation under climate change. GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2021.100583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Effects and Interactions of Researcher’s Motivation and Personality in Promoting Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Research. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132212502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Motivation is one of the most important factors driving innovative activities such as interdisciplinary research (IDR) and transdisciplinary research (TDR) for the achievement of sustainable development goals (SDGs). While there has been progress in developing ex-post indicators to evaluate their performance, only a few trials have been conducted to explore how researchers’ motivations are related to their proactive participation. To address this issue, this study empirically investigates the effect of researchers’ personality traits on their attitudes toward IDR/TDR collaboration. A questionnaire survey of 228 researchers in the natural sciences, mathematics, engineering, and related interdisciplinary fields was used to test the hypotheses by regression analysis that included interaction terms. The results show that researchers’ intrinsic motivation positively affects both IDR and TDR, while their extrinsic motivation mainly affects TDR. Furthermore, researchers’ personality traits have a significant effect on interdisciplinary collaboration and regional/societal collaboration. These findings provide cues on how to effectively integrate knowledge of IDR/TDR and how to motivate and allocate researchers for successful TDR/IDR collaboration.
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Using INTEGRATE-HTA for the assessment of videorasterstereography in idiopathic scoliosis. Int J Technol Assess Health Care 2021; 37:e78. [PMID: 34353398 DOI: 10.1017/s0266462321000283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE For the assessment of videorasterstereography compared with radiography for monitoring idiopathic scoliosis, new tools given by the INTEGRATE-HTA methodology were included within the frame set by the authority. In contrast to the usual linear approach by covering the single domains' safety and efficacy, costs, and ethical, legal, socio-cultural and organizational issues (ELSOI) separately, the methodology is based on the assumption of interactions of different aspects of the domains. From the very beginning, these interactions are captured systematically using various tools and are repeatedly discussed with stakeholders. METHODS Relevant databases were systematically searched for studies and question catalogues were processed in order to be able to search for specific aspects in orienting bibliographic research. An initial logic model was developed and successively expanded. A synoptic table showing multiple mapping of aspects to domains, a complexity checklist, and a semantic complex highlighting the socio-cultural impact of the disease were newly developed. RESULTS Four diagnostic studies with high risk of bias were included. For the clinical outcome, Cobb angle standard deviations up to 8.2 degrees and average measurement differences up to 8.8 degrees were determined. These differences in measurement accuracy correspond to those observed for purely radiographic measurements in other studies. In addition to freedom from radiation as the greatest advantage, there were clear arguments in favor of videorasterstereography when considering ELSOI, for example less harm. CONCLUSIONS Using INTEGRATE-HTA contributes to identify interactions between domains and to significantly expand the perspective on a technology. It improves patient-centered understanding and facilitates discussions.
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Wuelser G, Adler C, Breu T, Hirsch Hadorn G, Wiesmann U, Pohl C. On which common ground to build? Transferable knowledge across cases in transdisciplinary sustainability research. SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE 2021; 16:1891-1905. [PMID: 34745368 PMCID: PMC8536577 DOI: 10.1007/s11625-021-01010-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To support societal problem solving, transdisciplinary research (TDR) uses knowledge co-production focusing on relevance and validity in a studied case and its particular social-ecological context. In the first instance, the resulting situated knowledge seems to be restricted to these single cases. However, if some of the knowledge generated in TDR could be used in other research projects, this would imply that there is a body of knowledge representing this special type of research. This study used a qualitative approach based on the methodology of grounded theory to empirically examine what knowledge is considered transferable to other cases, if any. 30 leaders of 12 Swiss-based TDR projects in the field of sustainable development were interviewed, representing both academia and practice. The transferable knowledge we found consists of the following: (1) Transdisciplinary principles, (2) transdisciplinary approaches, (3) systematic procedures, (4) product formats, (5) experiential know-how, (6) framings and (7) insights, data and information. The discussion of TDR has predominantly been focusing on transdisciplinary principles and approaches. In order to take knowledge co-production in TDR beyond an unmanageable field of case studies, more efforts in developing and critically discussing transferable knowledge of the other classes are needed, foremost systematic procedures, product formats and framings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Wuelser
- USYS TdLab, Institute for Environmental Decisions, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carolina Adler
- USYS TdLab, Institute for Environmental Decisions, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Mountain Research Initiative, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Breu
- Centre for Development and Environment, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gertrude Hirsch Hadorn
- Environmental Philosophy Group, Institute for Environmental Decisions, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Urs Wiesmann
- Centre for Development and Environment, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian Pohl
- USYS TdLab, Institute for Environmental Decisions, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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Gottwald S, Brenner J, Janssen R, Albert C. Using Geodesign as a boundary management process for planning nature-based solutions in river landscapes. AMBIO 2021; 50:1477-1496. [PMID: 33331977 PMCID: PMC8249630 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-020-01435-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Planning with nature-based solutions (NBS) presents a participatory approach that harnesses actions supported by nature to address societal challenges. Whilst Geodesign may facilitate participatory planning, manage boundaries between participants, and assess impacts of NBS, empirical insights remain scarce. This paper aims to develop and test a Geodesign process for planning with NBS, and to evaluate its contributions to boundary management. In a one-day Geodesign process, eleven stakeholders delineated priority areas, changed land uses, and observed resulting impacts on ecosystem services. Contributions to boundary management were evaluated regarding translation, communication and mediation functions, as well as perceived attributions of credibility, salience, and legitimacy. Results include spatial NBS scenarios and insights into contributions to boundary management: translating scenario stories into maps differed depending on the stakeholders involved; communication can be easily facilitated; yet mediation using an indicator tool led to frustration. Geodesign can indeed facilitate NBS co-design but needs to be integrated into a larger collaborative process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Gottwald
- Institute for Environmental Planning, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Geography, Chair for Environmental Analysis and Planning in Metropolitan Regions, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jana Brenner
- Institute for Environmental Planning, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Present Address: Department of Geography, University of Hildesheim, Hildesheim, Germany
| | - Ron Janssen
- Department of Spatial Economics, Vrije Universiteit of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Albert
- Institute for Environmental Planning, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Institute for Geography, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
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Co-design, Co-production, and Co-evaluation Processes for a Mobile Health Check-Up Research Project in Jaipur, India: A Case Study of the Portable Health Clinic, 2016–2020. DECISION SCIENCE FOR FUTURE EARTH 2021. [PMCID: PMC7844865 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-8632-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This chapter summarizes the co-design, co-production, and co-evaluation processes of a mobile health check-up research project in Jaipur, India, from March 2016 to June 2020. It is the continuation of our previous paper which was published in November 2018 at Sustainability. The main focus of this chapter is to describe the processes of co-production, co-implementation, and co-evaluation research activities after November 2018. To accomplish this, all documents and materials related to the research processes of co-design, co-production, and co-evaluation were thoroughly reviewed, including minutes from meetings, consultations, workshops, trainings, presentation slides, pictures, and reports. After reviewing the past 4 year’s research process, the road map of a sustainable mobile health check-up project in India was proposed.
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Intellectual Property Management in Publicly Funded R&D Program and Projects: Optimizing Principal–Agent Relationship through Transdisciplinary Approach. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12239923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Large-scale, publicly funded research and development (R&D) programs are implemented to accelerate state-of-the-art science, technology, and innovation applications that are expected to solve various societal problems. The present study aims to build on the body of theory on the mechanisms that promote or impede the creation of intellectual property in such programs. Using a mixed methods approach and combining quantitative network analysis and qualitative semistructured interviews, we conducted a case study to investigate best practices in terms of intellectual property creation in a Japanese governmental research and development program. The results of the network analysis showed that the core/periphery structure in the co-inventor network of patents and joint application by a university and a startup promoted intellectual property creation. The results of the interview confirmed the significance of a reciprocal mindset, which the researchers in academia could acquire through collaboration with a startup. These results suggest that a knowledge logistics system for agile intellectual property management can be established by learning to acquire tacit knowledge on social implementation. Furthermore, we focus on the principal–agent relationship between knowledge producers and knowledge consumers as a factor that impedes the creation of intellectual property. We also discuss adverse selection and moral hazards caused by information asymmetry between knowledge producers and knowledge consumers and how to deal with them.
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15
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Abstract
The vast transformation the circular economy that will occur in the upcoming years inevitably will change the EU panorama, designing new scenarios from an economical-social-environmental perspective. To best build a circular economy, it is necessary innovative policy-planning with a holistic and systemic perspective that fosters a cohesive and smooth transition to circular business models. This paper explores the impacts of circular economy policy design processes driven by a systemic design and how this expertise could ease innovative and effective paths for policy-planning on a circular transition in EU regions. This examination of systemic design features recent approaches to design as a discipline addressing complex problems, and the literature review on systems and design thinking for sustainable development, and policy design, focusing on existing barriers to circular economy. The discussion is narrowed to the specific case study in which the systemic design methodology is applied to provide a path for five European regions towards the CE: the Interreg Europe RETRACE (A Systemic Approach for Regions Transitioning towards a Circular Economy) project. Including an in-depth examination of how systemic design can address current barriers for a circular transition within an effect in the short, medium, and long-term policy horizon in the transition of the European regions towards the circular economy.
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16
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Cradock-Henry NA, Connolly J, Blackett P, Lawrence J. Elaborating a systems methodology for cascading climate change impacts and implications. MethodsX 2020; 7:100893. [PMID: 32368509 DOI: 10.1016/j.crm.2020.100234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
New research is drawing attention to the potential for climate change to generate cascading impacts and implications across linked human-environment systems, requiring closer accounting of these interactions to anticipate the emergence of surprises and feedbacks. However, there is little practical guidance for those interested in characterising, identifying or assessing cascades, and few empirical examples. In this paper, we elaborate a systems-based methodology to identify and evaluate cascading climate change impacts and implications. We illustrate its application using the case of a participatory process with urban infrastructure managers, facing the legacy effects of damaging earthquakes and the prospect of future climate change. The results show the proposed approach and visualisation of cascades as causal diagrams provides a robust and flexible analytical framework. The use of systems thinking, visual aids, interactive discussion and expert elicitation generated valuable information about potential cascades, their interactions across domains of interest, and the implications for management. The process can provide a basis for further empirical application and advance methodological and conceptual development. Specifically, the systems methodology:•Identifies interdependencies and interconnections which may serve as transmission pathways for climate-related impacts;•Enhanced stakeholders' understanding of multiple causes and effects of climate change; and•Produced a useful visual aid for stakeholders to explore cascading impacts and implications, and opportunities for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paula Blackett
- National Institute of Water and Atmosphere, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Judy Lawrence
- Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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17
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Cradock-Henry NA, Connolly J, Blackett P, Lawrence J. Elaborating a systems methodology for cascading climate change impacts and implications. MethodsX 2020; 7:100893. [PMID: 32368509 PMCID: PMC7184528 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2020.100893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
New research is drawing attention to the potential for climate change to generate cascading impacts and implications across linked human-environment systems, requiring closer accounting of these interactions to anticipate the emergence of surprises and feedbacks. However, there is little practical guidance for those interested in characterising, identifying or assessing cascades, and few empirical examples. In this paper, we elaborate a systems-based methodology to identify and evaluate cascading climate change impacts and implications. We illustrate its application using the case of a participatory process with urban infrastructure managers, facing the legacy effects of damaging earthquakes and the prospect of future climate change. The results show the proposed approach and visualisation of cascades as causal diagrams provides a robust and flexible analytical framework. The use of systems thinking, visual aids, interactive discussion and expert elicitation generated valuable information about potential cascades, their interactions across domains of interest, and the implications for management. The process can provide a basis for further empirical application and advance methodological and conceptual development. Specifically, the systems methodology:•Identifies interdependencies and interconnections which may serve as transmission pathways for climate-related impacts;•Enhanced stakeholders' understanding of multiple causes and effects of climate change; and•Produced a useful visual aid for stakeholders to explore cascading impacts and implications, and opportunities for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paula Blackett
- National Institute of Water and Atmosphere, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Judy Lawrence
- Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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18
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Chammas G, Kayed S, Al Shami A, Kays W, Citton M, Kalot M, Al Marj E, Fakhr M, Yehya NA, Talhouk SN, Al-Hindi M, Zein-El-Dine S, Tamim H, Lakkis I, Abou Najm M, Saliba NA. Transdisciplinary interventions for environmental sustainability. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 107:159-171. [PMID: 32283490 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a case study of a transdisciplinary research based on an ex-post assessment of the environmental and socio-behavioral contexts of solid waste management in Lebanese peri-urban communities. Lessons learned are compiled into the Transdisciplinary Interventions for Environmental Sustainability conceptual framework. The approach starts with building a team of researchers and non-academic partners, continues with co-creating solution-oriented knowledge, and ends by integrating and applying the produced knowledge. The co-created knowledge includes the environmental and socio-behavioral ex-post assessment's results. The former reveals low air pollution levels, evidence of waste-related water contamination, and higher self-reported frequencies of ill-health symptoms and diseases closer to the landfill. The latter indicates that the community's perception about waste production differs from the real accounting of generated waste. Nine lessons are identified: (1) inherent common interest between the researchers and the community, (2) flexible interdisciplinary research team, (3) representative citizen committee, (4) contextually-informed outreach coordinator, (5) iterative research process accounting for the shifting socio-political context, (6) common expectations of the research process, (7) boundary objects leading to spin-off activities in the same setting, (8) effective communication strategy, and (9) ex-post assessment of subsequent societal and scientific impacts. The non-phased framework links all nine pointers in a logical order to ease scalability. The study answers a global need for a unified, clear, broadly adopted framework for transdisciplinarity and a deeper understanding of factors ensuring full-circle knowledge co-creation in waste-related contexts in the global South. The study offers managerial and research implications and suggests avenues for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghina Chammas
- American University of Beirut, Nature Conservation Center, Lebanon.
| | - Sammy Kayed
- American University of Beirut, Nature Conservation Center, Lebanon.
| | - Anwar Al Shami
- American University of Beirut, Nature Conservation Center, Lebanon.
| | - Wassim Kays
- American University of Beirut, Nature Conservation Center, Lebanon.
| | - Michele Citton
- American University of Beirut, Nature Conservation Center, Lebanon.
| | - Mohamad Kalot
- American University of Beirut, Nature Conservation Center, Lebanon.
| | - Elie Al Marj
- American University of Beirut, Nature Conservation Center, Lebanon
| | - Marwan Fakhr
- American University of Beirut, Nature Conservation Center, Lebanon.
| | - Nadine A Yehya
- American University of Beirut, Suliman S. Olayan School of Business, Lebanon.
| | - Salma N Talhouk
- American University of Beirut, Department of Landscape and Ecosystem Management, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Lebanon.
| | - Mahmoud Al-Hindi
- American University of Beirut, Department of Chemical Engineering, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Lebanon.
| | - Salah Zein-El-Dine
- American University of Beirut, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lebanon.
| | - Hani Tamim
- American University of Beirut, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lebanon.
| | - Issam Lakkis
- American University of Beirut, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Lebanon.
| | - Majdi Abou Najm
- American University of Beirut, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Lebanon.
| | - Najat A Saliba
- American University of Beirut, Nature Conservation Center, Lebanon; American University of Beirut, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Lebanon.
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19
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Galli A, Leuenberger A, Dietler D, Fletcher HA, Junghanss T, Utzinger J. Tropical Medicine and International Health
and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Trop Med Int Health 2020; 25:e1-e13. [DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Galli
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute Basel Switzerland
- University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Andrea Leuenberger
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute Basel Switzerland
- University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Dominik Dietler
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute Basel Switzerland
- University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas Junghanss
- Section Clinical Tropical Medicine University Hospital Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Jürg Utzinger
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute Basel Switzerland
- University of Basel Basel Switzerland
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20
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Poza-Vilches MDF, Gutiérrez-Pérez J, Pozo-Llorente MT. Quality Criteria to Evaluate Performance and Scope of 2030 Agenda in Metropolitan Areas: Case Study on Strategic Planning of Environmental Municipality Management. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17020419. [PMID: 31936334 PMCID: PMC7014323 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17020419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The United Nations’ (UN) 2030 Agenda brings new governance challenges to municipal environmental planning, both in large urban centres and in metropolitan peripheries. The opportunities of the new framework of action proposed by the United Nations (UN) and its integrative, global, and transversal nature constitute advances from the previous models of municipal management based on the Local Agenda 21. This text provides evidence to apply quality criteria and validated instruments of participatory evaluation. These instruments have been built on the foundation of evaluative research, a scientific discipline that provides rigour and validity to those decisions adopted at a municipal level. A case study focused on a metropolitan area serves as a field of experimentation for this model of the modernization of environmental management structures at a local level. Details of the instruments, agents, priority decision areas, methodologies, participation processes, and quality criteria are provided, as well as an empirically validated model for participatory municipal management based on action research processes and strategic planning that favours a shared responsibility across all social groups in the decision-making process and in the development of continuous improvement activities that are committed to sustainability. Finally, a critical comparison of weaknesses and strengths is included in light of the evidence collected.
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21
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Social Learning for Facilitating Dialogue and Understanding of the Ecosystem Services Approach: Lessons from a Cross-Border Experience in the Alboran Marine Basin. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11195239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Social learning (SL) appears to have considerable potential to enhance the impact of the ecosystem services approach (ESA) discourse on policy and society. However, empirical research to better understand the processes that support SL, the effects it generates, and the conditions that enable such learning is limited. This study assesses the ability of SL to enhance dialogue and understanding of the ESA to support transformative social change in governance practice in the Alboran Marine Basin. To do so, we conducted a specifically designed SL process oriented towards the ESA as a governance approach in this marine region. The SL process was developed through three interlinked workshops involving scientists, decision-makers and local users from Spain and Morocco, the two countries that share the governance of this social-ecological system. The results revealed that the SL process progressively facilitated (i) a more inclusive and constructive ecosystem services dialogue, (ii) a better understanding of the social-ecological system in which the actors were embedded, (iii) an enhanced recognition of science-policy-society complementarities to address sustainability issues, and (iv) a gradual social transformation towards more sustainable and equitable governance. Via the SL process, a variety of factors were identified as contributing to the creation of four relevant conditions that facilitated its successful operationalisation. These conditions included (i) the generation of trust and shared understanding, (ii) the facilitation of knowledge exchanges between actor groups across frontiers, (iii) the promotion of more democratic participation, and (iv) the co-production of practical outcomes. These contextual insights provided empirical evidence of the prominent role SL can play to enhance dialogue and understanding of the ESA for supporting its adoption as governance practice. On this basis, it is argued that operationalising SL in those processes focused on making the ESA relevant to policy and society is pivotal to its implementation in governance practice.
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22
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Placing Transdisciplinarity in Context: A Review of Approaches to Connect Scholars, Society and Action. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11184899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Complex sustainability problems (e.g., climate change) are challenging to understand and manage, leading to an increase in approaches that connect scholars to society and research to action (collaborative approaches). The transdisciplinary approach (TDA) represents one such approach. While TDA is new to many, there are several prior collaborative approaches including collaborative adaptive management, knowledge integration, participatory action research, and indigenous/local knowledge. Other contemporary and parallel approaches include citizen science, translational science, evidence-based practice, and knowledge with action. The varied disciplinary roots and problem areas contribute to a lack of interaction among these parallel but distinct approaches, and among the scholars and stakeholders who practice them. In this paper, we consider the connections, complementarities and contradictions among these distinct but related collaborative approaches. This review offers insights into the interaction between science and practice, including the importance of social processes and recognition of different ways of knowing, as well as how to conduct collaborative approaches on a variety of scales and think about how to generalize findings. The review suggests a need to rethink roles and relationships in the process of knowledge co-creation, both extending the roles of researchers and practitioners, creating new hybrid roles for “pracademics”, and placing greater awareness on issues of power.
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23
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Lessons Learned from Co-Design and Co-Production in a Portable Health Clinic Research Project in Jaipur District, India (2016–2018). SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su10114148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Co-design and co-production with non-academic stakeholders has been recognized as a key approach in transdisciplinary sustainability research. The majority of transdisciplinary studies have been conducted in Europe and North America, with a marked lack of such research in the Asian context—particularly with regard to healthcare. Utilizing a case study involving mobile health check-ups performed using a portable health clinic system in Jaipur, India, from March 2016 to March 2018, this study identifies key factors in co-design and co-production that should be considered to ensure the project’s sustainability. Thoroughly reviewing all of the documents and materials related to the case study’s co-design and co-production, this study identifies the following key factors: (1) mutual stakeholder agreement on a long-term research plan, protocol, and budget; (2) harmonizing research objectives, frames, and the scale of stakeholder expectations; (3) stakeholders’ commitment and a sense of ownership derived from their needs and priorities; (4) stakeholder trust; (5) effective coordinators; (6) personality type and characteristics of stakeholder leaders; (7) capacity building and the empowerment of local research staff and participants; and (8) continuous efforts to involve stakeholders throughout the co-design and co-production processes. Facilitating effective co-design and co-production, these factors will help ensure the future sustainability of projects.
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Climate Change Adaptation Tools at the Community Level: An Integrated Literature Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su10030796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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