1
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Lampis S, Galardi A, Di Paolo V, Di Giannatale A. Organoids as a new approach for improving pediatric cancer research. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1414311. [PMID: 38835365 PMCID: PMC11148379 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1414311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
A key challenge in cancer research is the meticulous development of models that faithfully emulates the intricacies of the patient scenario, with emphasis on preserving intra-tumoral heterogeneity and the dynamic milieu of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Organoids emerge as promising tool in new drug development, drug screening and precision medicine. Despite advances in the diagnoses and treatment of pediatric cancers, certain tumor subtypes persist in yielding unfavorable prognoses. Moreover, the prognosis for a significant portion of children experiencing disease relapse is dismal. To improve pediatric outcome many groups are focusing on the development of precision medicine approach. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about using organoid system as model in preclinical and clinical solid-pediatric cancer. Since organoids retain the pivotal characteristics of primary parent tumors, they exert great potential in discovering novel tumor biomarkers, exploring drug-resistance mechanism and predicting tumor responses to chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapies. We also examine both the potential opportunities and existing challenges inherent organoids, hoping to point out the direction for future organoid development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Lampis
- Hematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy Unit, IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Galardi
- Hematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy Unit, IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Virginia Di Paolo
- Hematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy Unit, IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Di Giannatale
- Hematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy Unit, IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
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2
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Mo X, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Zhou X, Zhang Z, Fang Y, Fan Z, Guo Y, Zhang T, Xiong Z. Satellite-Based On-Orbit Printing of 3D Tumor Models. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2309618. [PMID: 38145905 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Space three dimension (3D) bioprinting provides a precise and bionic tumor model for evaluating the compound effect of the space environment on tumors, thereby providing insight into the progress of the disease and potential treatments. However, space 3D bioprinting faces several challenges, including prelaunch uncertainty, possible liquid leakage, long-term culture in space, automatic equipment control, data acquisition, and transmission. Here, a novel satellite-based 3D bioprinting device with high structural strength, small volume, and low weight (<6 kg) is developed. A microgel-based biphasic thermosensitive bioink and suspension medium that supports the on-orbit printing and in situ culture of complex tumor models is developed. An intelligent control algorithm that enables the automatic control of 3D printing, autofocusing, fluorescence imaging, and data transfer back to the ground is developed. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first time that on-orbit printing of tumor models is achieved in space with stable morphology and moderate viability via a satellite. It is found that 3D tumor models are more sensitive to antitumor drugs in space than on Earth. This study opens up a new avenue for 3D bioprinting in space and offers new possibilities for future research in space life science and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwu Mo
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- "Biomanufacturing and Engineering Living Systems" Innovation International Talents Base (111 Base), Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yanmei Zhang
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- "Biomanufacturing and Engineering Living Systems" Innovation International Talents Base (111 Base), Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- "Biomanufacturing and Engineering Living Systems" Innovation International Talents Base (111 Base), Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xianhao Zhou
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- "Biomanufacturing and Engineering Living Systems" Innovation International Talents Base (111 Base), Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zhenrui Zhang
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- "Biomanufacturing and Engineering Living Systems" Innovation International Talents Base (111 Base), Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yongcong Fang
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- "Biomanufacturing and Engineering Living Systems" Innovation International Talents Base (111 Base), Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zilian Fan
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- "Biomanufacturing and Engineering Living Systems" Innovation International Talents Base (111 Base), Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yihan Guo
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- "Biomanufacturing and Engineering Living Systems" Innovation International Talents Base (111 Base), Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- "Biomanufacturing and Engineering Living Systems" Innovation International Talents Base (111 Base), Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zhuo Xiong
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- "Biomanufacturing and Engineering Living Systems" Innovation International Talents Base (111 Base), Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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3
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Ren Z, Harriot AD, Mair DB, Chung MK, Lee PHU, Kim DH. Biomanufacturing of 3D Tissue Constructs in Microgravity and their Applications in Human Pathophysiological Studies. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300157. [PMID: 37483106 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The growing interest in bioengineering in-vivo-like 3D functional tissues has led to novel approaches to the biomanufacturing process as well as expanded applications for these unique tissue constructs. Microgravity, as seen in spaceflight, is a unique environment that may be beneficial to the tissue-engineering process but cannot be completely replicated on Earth. Additionally, the expense and practical challenges of conducting human and animal research in space make bioengineered microphysiological systems an attractive research model. In this review, published research that exploits real and simulated microgravity to improve the biomanufacturing of a wide range of tissue types as well as those studies that use microphysiological systems, such as organ/tissue chips and multicellular organoids, for modeling human diseases in space are summarized. This review discusses real and simulated microgravity platforms and applications in tissue-engineered microphysiological systems across three topics: 1) application of microgravity to improve the biomanufacturing of tissue constructs, 2) use of tissue constructs fabricated in microgravity as models for human diseases on Earth, and 3) investigating the effects of microgravity on human tissues using biofabricated in vitro models. These current achievements represent important progress in understanding the physiological effects of microgravity and exploiting their advantages for tissue biomanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanping Ren
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Anicca D Harriot
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Devin B Mair
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | | | - Peter H U Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Southcoast Health, Fall River, MA, 02720, USA
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Center for Microphysiological Systems, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 21218, USA
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4
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Cui Y, Liu W, Zhao S, Zhao Y, Dai J. Advances in Microgravity Directed Tissue Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2202768. [PMID: 36893386 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering aims to generate functional biological substitutes to repair, sustain, improve, or replace tissue function affected by disease. With the rapid development of space science, the application of simulated microgravity has become an active topic in the field of tissue engineering. There is a growing body of evidence demonstrating that microgravity offers excellent advantages for tissue engineering by modulating cellular morphology, metabolism, secretion, proliferation, and stem cell differentiation. To date, there have been many achievements in constructing bioartificial spheroids, organoids, or tissue analogs with or without scaffolds in vitro under simulated microgravity conditions. Herein, the current status, recent advances, challenges, and prospects of microgravity related to tissue engineering are reviewed. Current simulated-microgravity devices and cutting-edge advances of microgravity for biomaterials-dependent or biomaterials-independent tissue engineering to offer a reference for guiding further exploration of simulated microgravity strategies to produce engineered tissues are summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cui
- Reproductive and Genetic Center of National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Weiyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Shuaijing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Yannan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Jianwu Dai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China
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5
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Krawczyk E, Kitlińska J. Preclinical Models of Neuroblastoma-Current Status and Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3314. [PMID: 37444423 PMCID: PMC10340830 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Preclinical in vitro and in vivo models remain indispensable tools in cancer research. These classic models, including two- and three-dimensional cell culture techniques and animal models, are crucial for basic and translational studies. However, each model has its own limitations and typically does not fully recapitulate the course of the human disease. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of novel, advanced systems that can allow for efficient evaluation of the mechanisms underlying cancer development and progression, more accurately reflect the disease pathophysiology and complexity, and effectively inform therapeutic decisions for patients. Preclinical models are especially important for rare cancers, such as neuroblastoma, where the availability of patient-derived specimens that could be used for potential therapy evaluation and screening is limited. Neuroblastoma modeling is further complicated by the disease heterogeneity. In this review, we present the current status of preclinical models for neuroblastoma research, discuss their development and characteristics emphasizing strengths and limitations, and describe the necessity of the development of novel, more advanced and clinically relevant approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Krawczyk
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Joanna Kitlińska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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6
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El Harane S, Zidi B, El Harane N, Krause KH, Matthes T, Preynat-Seauve O. Cancer Spheroids and Organoids as Novel Tools for Research and Therapy: State of the Art and Challenges to Guide Precision Medicine. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071001. [PMID: 37048073 PMCID: PMC10093533 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Spheroids and organoids are important novel players in medical and life science research. They are gradually replacing two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures. Indeed, three-dimensional (3D) cultures are closer to the in vivo reality and open promising perspectives for academic research, drug screening, and personalized medicine. A large variety of cells and tissues, including tumor cells, can be the starting material for the generation of 3D cultures, including primary tissues, stem cells, or cell lines. A panoply of methods has been developed to generate 3D structures, including spontaneous or forced cell aggregation, air-liquid interface conditions, low cell attachment supports, magnetic levitation, and scaffold-based technologies. The choice of the most appropriate method depends on (i) the origin of the tissue, (ii) the presence or absence of a disease, and (iii) the intended application. This review summarizes methods and approaches for the generation of cancer spheroids and organoids, including their advantages and limitations. We also highlight some of the challenges and unresolved issues in the field of cancer spheroids and organoids, and discuss possible therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanae El Harane
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bochra Zidi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nadia El Harane
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Krause
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Matthes
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Preynat-Seauve
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Experimental Cell Therapy, Department of Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
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7
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Wang W, Di Nisio E, Licursi V, Cacci E, Lupo G, Kokaia Z, Galanti S, Degan P, D’Angelo S, Castagnola P, Tavella S, Negri R. Simulated Microgravity Modulates Focal Adhesion Gene Expression in Human Neural Stem Progenitor Cells. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12111827. [PMID: 36362982 PMCID: PMC9699612 DOI: 10.3390/life12111827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed the morphology and the transcriptomic changes of human neural stem progenitor cells (hNSPCs) grown on laminin in adherent culture conditions and subjected to simulated microgravity for different times in a random positioning machine apparatus. Low-cell-density cultures exposed to simulated microgravity for 24 h showed cell aggregate formation and significant modulation of several genes involved in focal adhesion, cytoskeleton regulation, and cell cycle control. These effects were much more limited in hNSPCs cultured at high density in the same conditions. We also found that some of the genes modulated upon exposure to simulated microgravity showed similar changes in hNSPCs grown without laminin in non-adherent culture conditions under normal gravity. These results suggest that reduced gravity counteracts the interactions of cells with the extracellular matrix, inducing morphological and transcriptional changes that can be observed in low-density cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Di Nisio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Licursi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), National Research Council (CNR) of Italy c/o Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Cacci
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lupo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Zaal Kokaia
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sergio Galanti
- Excise, Custom and Monopolies Agency, ADM, 00153 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Degan
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Sara D’Angelo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Sara Tavella
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Negri
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), National Research Council (CNR) of Italy c/o Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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8
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Oss-Ronen L, Redden RA, Lelkes PI. Enhanced Induction of Definitive Endoderm Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells in Simulated Microgravity. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:1275-1284. [PMID: 32731794 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2020.0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Directed in vitro differentiation of pluripotent stem cells toward definitive endoderm (DE) offers great research and therapeutic potential since these cells can further differentiate into cells of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, as well as associated organs such as pancreas, liver, and thyroid. We hypothesized that culturing mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) under simulated microgravity (SMG) conditions in rotary bioreactors (BRs) will enhance the induction of directed DE differentiation. To test our hypothesis, we cultured the cells for 6 days in two-dimensional monolayer colony cultures or as embryoid bodies (EBs) in either static conditions or, dynamically, in the rotary BRs. We used flow cytometry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction to analyze the expression of marker proteins and genes, respectively, for pluripotency (Oct3/4) and mesendodermal (Brachyury T), endodermal (FoxA2, Sox17, CxCr4), and mesodermal (Vimentin, Meox1) lineages. Culture in the form of EBs in maintenance media in the presence of leukemia inhibitory factor, in static or SMG conditions, induced expression of some of the differentiation markers, suggesting heterogeneity of the cells. This is in line with previous studies showing that differentiation is initiated as cells are aggregated into EBs even without supplementing differentiation factors to the media. Culturing EBs in static conditions in differentiation media (DM) in the presence of activin A reduced Oct3/4 expression and significantly increased Brachyury T and CxCr4 expression, but downregulated FoxA2 and Sox17. However, culturing in SMG BRs in DM upregulated Brachyury T and all of the DE markers and reduced Oct3/4 expression, indicating the advantage of dynamic cultures in BRs to specifically enhance directed DE differentiation. Given the potential discrepancies between the SMG conditions on earth and actual microgravity conditions, as observed in other studies, future experiments in space flight are required to validate the effects of reduced gravity on mESC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liat Oss-Ronen
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert A Redden
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Peter I Lelkes
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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9
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Hee E, Wong MK, Tan SH, Choo Z, Kuick CH, Ling S, Yong MH, Jain S, Lian DWQ, Ng EHQ, Yong YFL, Ren MH, Syed Sulaiman N, Low SYY, Chua YW, Syed MF, Lim TKH, Soh SY, Iyer P, Seng MSF, Lam JCM, Tan EEK, Chan MY, Tan AM, Chen Y, Chen Z, Chang KTE, Loh AHP. Neuroblastoma patient-derived cultures are enriched for a mesenchymal gene signature and reflect individual drug response. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:3780-3792. [PMID: 32777141 PMCID: PMC7540996 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ex vivo evaluation of personalized models can facilitate individualized treatment selection for patients, and advance the discovery of novel therapeutic options. However, for embryonal malignancies, representative primary cultures have been difficult to establish. We developed patient‐derived cell cultures (PDCs) from chemo‐naïve and post–treatment neuroblastoma tumors in a consistent and efficient manner, and characterized their in vitro growth dynamics, histomorphology, gene expression, and functional chemo‐response. From 34 neuroblastoma tumors, 22 engrafted in vitro to generate 31 individual PDC lines, with higher engraftment seen with metastatic tumors. PDCs displayed characteristic immunohistochemical staining patterns of PHOX2B, TH, and GD2 synthase. Concordance of MYCN amplification, 1p and 11q deletion between PDCs and patient tumors was 83.3%, 72.7%, and 80.0% respectively. PDCs displayed a predominantly mesenchymal‐type gene expression signature and showed upregulation of pro‐angiogenic factors that were similarly enriched in culture medium and paired patient serum samples. When tested with standard‐of‐care cytotoxics at human Cmax‐equivalent concentrations, MYCN‐amplified and non‐MYCN‐amplified PDCs showed a differential response to cyclophosphamide and topotecan, which mirrored the corresponding patients’ responses, and correlated with gene signatures of chemosensitivity. In this translational proof‐of‐concept study, early‐phase neuroblastoma PDCs enriched for the mesenchymal cell subpopulation recapitulated the individual molecular and phenotypic profile of patient tumors, and highlighted their potential as a platform for individualized ex vivo drug‐response testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Hee
- VIVA-KKH Paediatric Brain and Solid Tumour Programme, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Meng Kang Wong
- VIVA-KKH Paediatric Brain and Solid Tumour Programme, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sheng Hui Tan
- VIVA-KKH Paediatric Brain and Solid Tumour Programme, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhang'E Choo
- Neurodevelopment and Cancer Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chik Hong Kuick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sharon Ling
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Min Hwee Yong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sudhanshi Jain
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Derrick W Q Lian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eileen H Q Ng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yvonne F L Yong
- KK Research Centre, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mee Hiong Ren
- KK Research Centre, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nurfarhanah Syed Sulaiman
- VIVA-KKH Paediatric Brain and Solid Tumour Programme, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Neurosurgery, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sharon Y Y Low
- VIVA-KKH Paediatric Brain and Solid Tumour Programme, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Neurosurgical Service, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,SingHealth Duke-NUS Neuroscience Academic Clinical Program, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yong Wei Chua
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Muhammad Fahmy Syed
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tony K H Lim
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shui Yen Soh
- Department of Paediatric Subspecialties Haematology Oncology Service, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Prasad Iyer
- Department of Paediatric Subspecialties Haematology Oncology Service, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michaela S F Seng
- Department of Paediatric Subspecialties Haematology Oncology Service, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joyce C M Lam
- Department of Paediatric Subspecialties Haematology Oncology Service, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Enrica E K Tan
- Department of Paediatric Subspecialties Haematology Oncology Service, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mei Yoke Chan
- Department of Paediatric Subspecialties Haematology Oncology Service, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ah Moy Tan
- Department of Paediatric Subspecialties Haematology Oncology Service, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhixiong Chen
- Neurodevelopment and Cancer Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kenneth T E Chang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amos Hong Pheng Loh
- VIVA-KKH Paediatric Brain and Solid Tumour Programme, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Paediatric Surgery, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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10
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Zhang C, Yang Z, Dong DL, Jang TS, Knowles JC, Kim HW, Jin GZ, Xuan Y. 3D culture technologies of cancer stem cells: promising ex vivo tumor models. J Tissue Eng 2020; 11:2041731420933407. [PMID: 32637062 PMCID: PMC7318804 DOI: 10.1177/2041731420933407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells have been shown to be important in tumorigenesis processes, such as tumor growth, metastasis, and recurrence. As such, many three-dimensional models have been developed to establish an ex vivo microenvironment that cancer stem cells experience under in vivo conditions. Cancer stem cells propagating in three-dimensional culture systems show physiologically related signaling pathway profiles, gene expression, cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions, and drug resistance that reflect at least some of the tumor properties seen in vivo. Herein, we discussed the presently available Cancer stem cell three-dimensional culture models that use biomaterials and engineering tools and the biological implications of these models compared to the conventional ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengye Zhang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji, China.,Air Force Medical Center of the Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoting Yang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji, China
| | - Da-Long Dong
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Su Jang
- Department of Pre-Medical Course, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonathan C Knowles
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Guang-Zhen Jin
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yanhua Xuan
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji, China.,Department of Pathology, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji, China
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11
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Fusco P, Parisatto B, Rampazzo E, Persano L, Frasson C, Di Meglio A, Leslz A, Santoro L, Cafferata B, Zin A, Cimetta E, Basso G, Esposito MR, Tonini GP. Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) as a novel in vitro model for neuroblastoma tumours. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:970. [PMID: 31638925 PMCID: PMC6802324 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6149-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroblastoma (NB) is a paediatric tumour of the sympathetic nervous system. Half of all cases are defined high-risk with an overall survival less than 40% at 5 years from diagnosis. The lack of in vitro models able to recapitulate the intrinsic heterogeneity of primary NB tumours has hindered progress in understanding disease pathogenesis and therapy response. METHODS Here we describe the establishment of 6 patient-derived organoids (PDOs) from cells of NB tumour biopsies capable of self-organising in a structure resembling the tissue of origin. RESULTS PDOs recapitulate the histological architecture typical of the NB tumour. Moreover, PDOs expressed NB specific markers such as neural cell adhesion molecules, NB84 antigen, synaptophysin (SYP), chromogranin A (CHGA) and neural cell adhesion molecule NCAM (CD56). Analyses of whole genome genotyping array revealed that PDOs maintained patient-specific chromosomal aberrations such as MYCN amplification, deletion of 1p and gain of chromosome 17q. Furthermore, the PDOs showed stemness features and retained cellular heterogeneity reflecting the high heterogeneity of NB tumours. CONCLUSIONS We were able to create a novel preclinical model for NB exhibiting self-renewal property and allowing to obtain a reservoir of NB patients' biological material useful for the study of NB molecular pathogenesis and to test drugs for personalised treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Fusco
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza (IRP) - Neuroblastoma Laboratory Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - B Parisatto
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza (IRP) - Neuroblastoma Laboratory Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - E Rampazzo
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza (IRP) - Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padova, Italy.,University of Padova, Department of Women's and Children's Health, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - L Persano
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza (IRP) - Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - C Frasson
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza (IRP) - Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - A Di Meglio
- University of Padova, Department of Women's and Children's Health, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - A Leslz
- University of Padova, Department of Women's and Children's Health, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - L Santoro
- Department of Medicine DIMED, Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - B Cafferata
- Department of Medicine DIMED, Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - A Zin
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza (IRP) - Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - E Cimetta
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza (IRP) - Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padova, Italy.,University of Padua, Department of Industrial Engineering (DII), 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - G Basso
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza (IRP) - Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padova, Italy.,University of Padova, Department of Women's and Children's Health, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - M R Esposito
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza (IRP) - Neuroblastoma Laboratory Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padova, Italy.
| | - G P Tonini
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza (IRP) - Neuroblastoma Laboratory Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padova, Italy
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12
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Phelan MA, Gianforcaro AL, Gerstenhaber JA, Lelkes PI. An Air Bubble-Isolating Rotating Wall Vessel Bioreactor for Improved Spheroid/Organoid Formation. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2019; 25:479-488. [PMID: 31328683 PMCID: PMC6686703 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2019.0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT The rotating wall vessel (RWV) bioreactor is a powerful tool for the generation of sizeable, faster-growing organoids. However, the ideal, low-shear, modeled microgravity environment in the RWV is frequently disrupted by the formation of bubbles, a critical but understated failure mode. To address this, we have designed and fabricated a novel, modified RWV bioreactor capable of continuously removing bubbles while providing optimal fluid dynamics. We validated the capacity of this device with computational and empirical studies. We anticipate that our novel bioreactor will be more consistent and easier to use and may fill a unique and unmet niche in the burgeoning field of organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Phelan
- Integrated Laboratory for Cellular Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Anthony L. Gianforcaro
- Integrated Laboratory for Cellular Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jonathan A. Gerstenhaber
- Integrated Laboratory for Cellular Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Peter I. Lelkes
- Integrated Laboratory for Cellular Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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13
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Bacopa monnieri extracts prevent hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage in a cellular model of neuroblastoma IMR32 cells. Chin J Nat Med 2017; 15:834-846. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(18)30017-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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Lv D, Hu Z, Lu L, Lu H, Xu X. Three-dimensional cell culture: A powerful tool in tumor research and drug discovery. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:6999-7010. [PMID: 29344128 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In previous years, three-dimensional (3D) cell culture technology has become a focus of research in tumor cell biology, using a variety of methods and materials to mimic the in vivo microenvironment of cultured tumor cells ex vivo. These 3D tumor cells have demonstrated numerous different characteristics compared with traditional two-dimensional (2D) culture. 3D cell culture provides a useful platform for further identifying the biological characteristics of tumor cells, particularly in the drug sensitivity area of the key points of translational medicine. It promises to be a bridge between traditional 2D culture and animal experiments, and is of great importance for further research in the field of tumor biology. In the present review, previous 3D cell culture applications, focusing on anti-tumor drug susceptibility testing, are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglai Lv
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The 105 Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Zongtao Hu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The 105 Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Lin Lu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The 105 Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Husheng Lu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The 105 Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Xiuli Xu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The 105 Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
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15
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Xu X, Farach-Carson MC, Jia X. Three-dimensional in vitro tumor models for cancer research and drug evaluation. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 32:1256-1268. [PMID: 25116894 PMCID: PMC4171250 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cancer occurs when cells acquire genomic instability and inflammation, produce abnormal levels of epigenetic factors/proteins and tumor suppressors, reprogram the energy metabolism and evade immune destruction, leading to the disruption of cell cycle/normal growth. An early event in carcinogenesis is loss of polarity and detachment from the natural basement membrane, allowing cells to form distinct three-dimensional (3D) structures that interact with each other and with the surrounding microenvironment. Although valuable information has been accumulated from traditional in vitro studies in which cells are grown on flat and hard plastic surfaces (2D culture), this culture condition does not reflect the essential features of tumor tissues. Further, fundamental understanding of cancer metastasis cannot be obtained readily from 2D studies because they lack the complex and dynamic cell-cell communications and cell-matrix interactions that occur during cancer metastasis. These shortcomings, along with lack of spatial depth and cell connectivity, limit the applicability of 2D cultures to accurate testing of pharmacologically active compounds, free or sequestered in nanoparticles. To recapitulate features of native tumor microenvironments, various biomimetic 3D tumor models have been developed to incorporate cancer and stromal cells, relevant matrix components, and biochemical and biophysical cues, into one spatially and temporally integrated system. In this article, we review recent advances in creating 3D tumor models employing tissue engineering principles. We then evaluate the utilities of these novel models for the testing of anticancer drugs and their delivery systems. We highlight the profound differences in responses from 3D in vitro tumors and conventional monolayer cultures. Overall, strategic integration of biological principles and engineering approaches will both improve understanding of tumor progression and invasion and support discovery of more personalized first line treatments for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Mary C Farach-Carson
- Departments of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77251, USA; Center for Translational Cancer Research, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Xinqiao Jia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA; Center for Translational Cancer Research, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA; Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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16
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Redden RA, Iyer R, Brodeur GM, Doolin EJ. Rotary bioreactor culture can discern specific behavior phenotypes in Trk-null and Trk-expressing neuroblastoma cell lines. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2014; 50:188-93. [PMID: 24477561 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-013-9716-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is characterized by biological and genetic heterogeneity that leads to diverse, often unpredictable, clinical behavior. Differential expression of the Trk family of neurotrophin receptors strongly correlates with clinical behavior; TrkA expression is associated with favorable outcome, whereas TrkB with unfavorable outcome. Neuroblastoma cells cultured in a microgravity rotary bioreactor spontaneously aggregate into tumor-like structures, called organoids. We wanted to determine if the clinical heterogeneity of TrkA- or TrkB-expressing neuroblastomas was reflected in aggregation kinetics and organoid morphology. Trk-null SY5Y cells were stably transfected to express either TrkA or TrkB. Short-term aggregation kinetics were determined by counting the number of single (non-aggregated) viable cells in the supernatant over time. Organoids were harvested after 8 d of bioreactor culture, stained, and analyzed morphometrically. SY5Y-TrkA cells aggregated significantly slower than SY5Y and SY5Y-TrkB cells, as quantified by several measures of aggregation. SY5Y and TrkB cell lines formed irregularly shaped organoids, featuring stellate projections. In contrast, TrkA cells formed smooth (non-stellate) organoids. SY5Y organoids were slightly smaller on average, but had significantly larger average perimeter than TrkA or TrkB organoids. TrkA expression alone is sufficient to dramatically alter the behavior of neuroblastoma cells in three-dimensional, in vitro rotary bioreactor culture. This pattern is consistent with both clinical behavior and in vivo tumorigenicity, in that SY5Y-TrkA represents a more differentiated, less aggressive phenotype. The microgravity bioreactor is a useful in vitro tool to rapidly investigate the biological characteristics of neuroblastoma and potentially to assess the effect of cytotoxic as well as biologically targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Redden
- Department of General, Thoracic, and Fetal Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th and Civic Center Blvd. Wood Center, 5th Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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17
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Abstract
Experiments conducted in the microgravity environment of space are not typically at the forefront of the mind of a cancer biologist. However, space provides physical conditions that are not achievable on Earth, as well as conditions that can be exploited to study mechanisms and pathways that control cell growth and function. Over the past four decades, studies have shown how exposure to microgravity alters biological processes that may be relevant to cancer. In this Review, we explore the influence of microgravity on cell biology, focusing on tumour cells grown in space together with work carried out using models in ground-based investigations.
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