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Azerigyik FA, Faizah AN, Kobayashi D, Amoa-Bosompem M, Matsumura R, Kai I, Sasaki T, Higa Y, Isawa H, Iwanaga S, Ishino T. Evaluating the mosquito host range of Getah virus and the vector competence of selected medically important mosquitoes in Getah virus transmission. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:99. [PMID: 36922882 PMCID: PMC10015795 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05713-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Getah virus (GETV) is a mosquito-borne Alphavirus (family Togaviridae) that is of significant importance in veterinary medicine. It has been associated with major polyarthritis outbreaks in animals, but there are insufficient data on its clinical symptoms in humans. Serological evidence of GETV exposure and the risk of zoonotic transmission makes GETV a potentially medically relevant arbovirus. However, minimal emphasis has been placed on investigating GETV vector transmission, which limits current knowledge of the factors facilitating the spread and outbreaks of GETV. METHODS To examine the range of the mosquito hosts of GETV, we selected medically important mosquitoes, assessed them in vitro and in vivo and determined their relative competence in virus transmission. The susceptibility and growth kinetics of GETVs in various mosquito-derived cell lines were also determined and quantified using plaque assays. Vector competency assays were also conducted, and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and plaque assays were used to determine the susceptibility and transmission capacity of each mosquito species evaluated in this study. RESULTS GETV infection in all of the investigated mosquito cell lines resulted in detectable cytopathic effects. GETV reproduced the fastest in Culex tritaeniorhynchus- and Aedes albopictus-derived cell lines, as evidenced by the highest exponential titers we observed. Regarding viral RNA copy numbers, mosquito susceptibility to infection, spread, and transmission varied significantly between species. The highest vector competency indices for infection, dissemination and transmission were obtained for Cx. tritaeniorhynchus. This is the first study to investigate the ability of Ae. albopictus and Anopheles stephensi to transmit GETV, and the results emphasize the role and capacity of other mosquito species to transmit GETV upon exposure to GETV, in addition to the perceived vectors from which GETV has been isolated in nature. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the importance of GETV vector competency studies to determine all possible transmission vectors, especially in endemic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faustus Akankperiwen Azerigyik
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Astri Nur Faizah
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michael Amoa-Bosompem
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Ryo Matsumura
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Izumi Kai
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshinori Sasaki
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiko Higa
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Isawa
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Shiroh Iwanaga
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Molecular Protozoology, Research Center for Infectious Disease Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ishino
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Amoa-Bosompem M, Kobayashi D, Itokawa K, Murota K, Faizah AN, Azerigyik FA, Hayashi T, Ohashi M, Bonney JHK, Dadzie S, Tran CC, Tran PV, Fujita R, Maekawa Y, Kasai S, Yamaoka S, Ohta N, Sawabe K, Iwanaga S, Isawa H. Determining vector competence of Aedes aegypti from Ghana in transmitting dengue virus serotypes 1 and 2. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:228. [PMID: 33926510 PMCID: PMC8082837 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04728-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dengue virus (DENV) is a mosquito-borne arbovirus transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, but is not endemic in all areas where this vector is found. For example, the relatively sparse distribution of cases in West Africa is generally attributed to the refractory nature of West African Aedes aegypti (Ae. aegypti) to DENV infection, and particularly the forest-dwelling Ae. aegypti formosus. However, recent studies have shown these mosquitoes to be competent vectors within some West African countries that have suffered outbreaks in the past, such as Senegal. There is however little information on the vector competence of the Ae. aegypti in West African countries such as Ghana with no reported outbreaks. Methods This study examined the vector competence of 4 Ae. aegypti colonies from urban, semi-urban, and two rural locations in Ghana in transmitting DENV serotypes 1 and 2, using a single colony from Vietnam as control. Midgut infection and virus dissemination were determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), while the presence and concentration of DENV in the saliva of infectious mosquitoes was determined by the focus forming assay. Results There were significant differences in the colonies’ susceptibility to virus infection, dissemination, and transmission. All examined Ghanaian mosquitoes were refractory to infection by DENV serotype 2, while some colonies exhibited potential to transmit DENV serotype 1. None of the tested colonies were as competent as the control group colony. Conclusions These findings give insight into the possible risk of outbreaks, particularly in the urban areas in the south of Ghana, and highlight the need for continuous surveillance to determine the transmission status and outbreak risk. This study also highlights the need to prevent importation of different DENV strains and potential invasion of new highly vector-competent Ae. aegypti strains, particularly around the ports of entry. Graphic Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Amoa-Bosompem
- Department of Environmental Parasitology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, College of Health Sciences, Legon, Accra, Ghana.,Laboratory of Sanitary Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Itokawa
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsunori Murota
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan.,Kyushu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Chuzan, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Astri Nur Faizah
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Faustus Akankperiwen Azerigyik
- Department of Environmental Parasitology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, College of Health Sciences, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Takaya Hayashi
- Department of Virology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, College of Health Sciences, Legon, Accra, Ghana.,Department of Molecular Virology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Ohashi
- Department of Environmental Parasitology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, College of Health Sciences, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Joseph H Kofi Bonney
- Department of Virology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, College of Health Sciences, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Samuel Dadzie
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, College of Health Sciences, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Cuong Chi Tran
- Medical Entomology and Zoology Department, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Phong Vu Tran
- Medical Entomology and Zoology Department, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ryosuke Fujita
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Sanitary Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Maekawa
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Kasai
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoji Yamaoka
- Department of Molecular Virology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuo Ohta
- Faculty of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie, Japan
| | - Kyoko Sawabe
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiroh Iwanaga
- Department of Environmental Parasitology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Molecular Protozoology, Research Center for Infectious Disease Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Isawa
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan.
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