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Singh SK, Shrivastava S, Mishra AK, Kumar D, Pandey VK, Srivastava P, Pradhan B, Behera BC, Bahuguna A, Baek KH. Friedelin: Structure, Biosynthesis, Extraction, and Its Potential Health Impact. Molecules 2023; 28:7760. [PMID: 38067489 PMCID: PMC10707989 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceutical companies are investigating more source matrices for natural bioactive chemicals. Friedelin (friedelan-3-one) is a pentacyclic triterpene isolated from various plant species from different families as well as mosses and lichen. The fundamental compounds of these friedelane triterpenoids are abundantly found in cork tissues and leaf materials of diverse plant genera such as Celastraceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, and Myrtaceae. They possess many pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and antimicrobial activities. Friedelin also has an anti-insect effect and the ability to alter the soil microbial ecology, making it vital to agriculture. Ultrasound, microwave, supercritical fluid, ionic liquid, and acid hydrolysis extract friedelin with reduced environmental impact. Recently, the high demand for friedelin has led to the development of CRISPR/Cas9 technology and gene overexpression plasmids to produce friedelin using genetically engineered yeast. Friedelin with low cytotoxicity to normal cells can be the best phytochemical for the drug of choice. The review summarizes the structural interpretation, biosynthesis, physicochemical properties, quantification, and various forms of pharmacological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, ARKA Jain University, Jamshedpur 832108, Jharkhand, India; (S.K.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Shweta Shrivastava
- School of Pharmacy, ARKA Jain University, Jamshedpur 832108, Jharkhand, India;
| | - Awdhesh Kumar Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Darshan Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, ARKA Jain University, Jamshedpur 832108, Jharkhand, India; (S.K.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Vijay Kant Pandey
- Department of Agriculture, Netaji Subhas University, Jamshedpur 831012, Jharkhand, India;
| | - Pratima Srivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, ARKA Jain University, Jamshedpur 832108, Jharkhand, India; (S.K.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Biswaranjan Pradhan
- S.K. Dash Centre of Excellence of Biosciences and Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Bhubaneswar 752050, Odisha, India;
| | - Bikash Chandra Behera
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar 752050, Odisha, India;
| | - Ashutosh Bahuguna
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
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Gao HY, Zhao H, Hu TY, Jiang ZQ, Xia M, Zhang YF, Lu Y, Liu Y, Yin Y, Chen XC, Luo YF, Zhou JW, Wang JD, Gao J, Gao W, Huang LQ. Metabolic Engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for High-Level Friedelin via Genetic Manipulation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:805429. [PMID: 35198543 PMCID: PMC8859104 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.805429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Friedelin, the most rearranged pentacyclic triterpene, also exhibits remarkable pharmacological and anti-insect activities. In particular, celastrol with friedelin as the skeleton, which is derived from the medicinal plant Tripterygium wilfordii, is a promising drug due to its anticancer and antiobesity activities. Although a previous study achieved friedelin production using engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae, strains capable of producing high-level friedelin have not been stably engineered. In this study, a combined strategy was employed with integration of endogenous pathway genes into the genome and knockout of inhibiting genes by CRISPR/Cas9 technology, which successfully engineered multiple strains. After introducing an efficient TwOSC1T502E, all strains with genetic integration (tHMG1, ERG1, ERG20, ERG9, POS5, or UPC2.1) showed a 3.0∼6.8-fold increase in friedelin production compared with strain BY4741. Through further double knockout of inhibiting genes, only strains GD1 and GD3 produced higher yields. Moreover, strains GQ1 and GQ3 with quadruple mutants (bts1; rox1; ypl062w; yjl064w) displayed similar increases. Finally, the dominant strain GQ1 with TwOSC1T502E was cultured in an optimized medium in shake flasks, and the final yield of friedelin reached 63.91 ± 2.45 mg/L, which was approximately 65-fold higher than that of the wild-type strain BY4741 and 229% higher than that in ordinary SD-His-Ura medium. It was the highest titer for friedelin production to date. Our work provides a good example for triterpenoid production in microbial cell factories and lays a solid foundation for the mining, pathway analysis, and efficient production of valuable triterpenoids with friedelin as the skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yun Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tian-Yuan Hu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhou-Qian Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Xia
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Feng Zhang
- Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Lu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Yin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Chao Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun-Feng Luo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Wei Zhou
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Dian Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Gao, ; Lu-Qi Huang,
| | - Lu-Qi Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Gao, ; Lu-Qi Huang,
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Arsene MMJ, Viktorovna PI, Davares AKL. Galleria mellonella (greater wax moth) as an eco-friendly in vivo approach for the assessment of the acute toxicity of medicinal plants: Application to some plants from Cameroon. Open Vet J 2021; 11:651-661. [PMID: 35070860 PMCID: PMC8770176 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2021.v11.i4.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The evaluation of medicinal plants’ toxicity is a prerequisite prior to their usage. The vertebrate models used for this purpose are often the object of ethical consideration. Though invertebrate models including Galleria mellonella (GM) have demonstrated the ability to be used to assess the toxicity of various products. To the authors’ knowledge, GM has never been exploited to determine the toxicity of medicinal plants. Aim: The aim of this study was to demonstrate the potential of GM larvae as a simple, inexpensive, and rapid model for the evaluation of the toxicity of herbal medicines. Method: In this study, the toxicity of aqueous and ethanolic (80%, v/v) extracts of seven well known plants from Cameroon namely leaves of Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf, Moringa oleifera Lam and Vernonia amygdalina Delile; barks of Cinchona officinalis and Enantia chlorantha Oliv; barks and seeds of Garcinia lucida Vesque and leaves and seeds of Azadirachta indica (Neem) was evaluated using the larval form of GM. The median lethal doses (LD50), 90% (LD90), and 100% (LD100) were determined using the spline cubic survival curves and equations from the data obtained on the survival rate of GM 24 hours after the injection with the extracts. Results: We found that distilled water extracted a more important mass of phytochemical compounds (7.4%–21.2%) compared to ethanolic solution (5.8%–12.4%). LD varied depending on the plant materials and ethanolic extracts (hydroalcoholic extract, (HAE)) were more toxic to GM than aqueous ones. The LD50 (mg/ml) of the tested extracts varied from 4.87 [3.90 g/kg body weight (bw)] to >200 (> 166.67 g/kg bw), the LD90 (mg/ml) from 25.00 (18.52 g/kg bw) to >200 (> 181.82 g/kg bw) and LD100 (mg/ml) from 45.00 (40.91 g/kg bw) to > 200 (>181.82 g/kg bw). The HAE of A. indica seed and C. officinalis bark exhibited the highest toxicity with LD50 (g/kg bw) of 3.90 and 4.81, respectively. Conclusion: The results obtained in this study suggest that GM can be used as a sensitive, reliable, and robust eco-friendly model to gauge the toxicity of medicinal plants. Thus, avoid the sacrifice of vertebrate models often used for this purpose to limit ethical concerns.
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Han JY, Ahn CH, Adhikari PB, Kondeti S, Choi YE. Functional characterization of an oxidosqualene cyclase (PdFRS) encoding a monofunctional friedelin synthase in Populus davidiana. PLANTA 2019; 249:95-111. [PMID: 30145615 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-2985-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
An oxidosqualene cyclase (PdFRS) from Populus davidiana was characterized as a monofunctional friedelin synthase by its heterologous expression in yeast and overexpression in plants. Triterpenes are one of the largest classes of plant chemical compounds composed of three terpene units, which form the basic skeleton of all sterols and saponins. Friedelin (friedelan-3-one), a pentacyclic triterpene, occurs in many plant families and is particularly present in rich amounts in cork tissues from trees. The biosynthesis of friedelin occurs through the oxidosqualene cyclase (OSC) enzyme that generates friedelin from 2,3-oxidosqualene after the maximum rearrangement of a triterpene skeleton. Populus davidiana is called Korean aspen and grows in northern East Asia. From 57,322 unique sequences generated from the P. davidiana transcriptome database, one complete coding sequence (PdFRS) was obtained from a contig, which showed 74% identity to Betula platyphylla β-amyrin synthase and 73% identity with friedelin synthase from Maytenus ilicifolia. The open reading frame (ORF) region of the PdFRS sequence was 2280 bp long and composed a 759 amino acid protein with a predicted molecular mass of 87.81 kDa. qPCR analysis revealed that methyl jasmonate treatments strongly upregulated PdFRS gene expression and resulted in enhanced friedelin accumulation in leaves. Heterologous expression of the PdFRS gene in yeast resulted in the production of friedelin triterpene as a single product, which was confirmed by comparison with the mass fragmentation pattern from an authentic friedelin standard by GC/MS analysis. Transgenic P. davidiana overexpressing the PdFRS gene was constructed via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Overexpression of PdFRS in transgenic P. davidiana lines resulted in enhanced friedelin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Yeon Han
- Department of Forest Resources, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Ho Ahn
- Department of Forest Resources, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Prakash Babu Adhikari
- Department of Forest Resources, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Subramanyam Kondeti
- Department of Forest Resources, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Eui Choi
- Department of Forest Resources, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Republic of Korea.
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Wansi JD, Wandji J, Sewald N, Nahar L, Martin C, Sarker SD. Phytochemistry and pharmacology of the genus Drypetes: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 190:328-353. [PMID: 27353868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Traditional medicinal use of species of the genus Drypetes is widespread in the tropical regions. The aim of this review is to systematically appraise the literature available to date on phytochemistry, ethnopharmacology, toxicology and bioactivity (in vitro and in vivo) of crude extracts and purified compounds. ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Plants of the genus Drypetes (Putranjivaceae) are used in the Subsaharan African and Asian traditional medicines to treat a multitude of disorders, like dysentery, gonorrhoea, malaria, rheumatism, sinusitis, tumours, as well as for the treatment of wounds, headache, urethral problems, fever in young children, typhoid and several other ailments. Some Drypetes species are used to protect food against pests, as an aphrodisiac, a stimulant/depressant, a rodenticide and a fish poison, against insect bites, to induce conception and for general healing. This review deals with updated information on the ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and biological activities of ethnomedicinally important Drypetes species, in order to provide an input for the future research opportunities. METHODS An extensive review of the literature available in various recognized databases e.g., Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, SciFinder, Web of Science, www.theplantlist.org and www.gbif.org, as well as the Herbier National du Cameroun (Yaoundé) and Botanic Gardens of Limbe databases on the uses and bioactivity of various species of the Drypetes was undertaken. RESULTS The literature provided information on ethnopharmacological uses of the Subsaharan African and Asian species of the genus Drypetes, e.g., Drypetes aubrévillii, D. capillipes, D. chevalieri, D. gerrardii, D. gossweileri, D. ivorensis, D. klainei, D. natalensis, D. pellegrini (all endemic to Africa) and D. roxburghii (Asian species), for the treatment of multiple disorders. From a total of 19 species, more than 140 compounds including diterpenes, sesquiterpenes, triterpenes (friedelane, oleanane, lupane and hopane-type), flavonoids, lignans, phenylpropanoids and steroids, as well as some thiocyanates, were isolated. Several crude extracts of these plants, and isolated compounds displayed significant analgesic, anthelmintic, antidiabetic, anti-emetic anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiparasitic, central nervous system depressant, cytotoxic, and insecticidal activities both in vitro and in vivo. Some toxicities associated with the stem, bark, seed and leaf extracts of D. roxburghii, and the flavonoid, amentoflavone, isolated from the stem extract of D. littoralis as well as D. gerrardii, were confirmed in the animal models and in the rat skeletal myoblast cells assays. As a consequence, traditional medicine from this genus should in future be applied with care. CONCLUSIONS Plants of this genus have offered bioactive samples, both from crude extracts and pure compounds, partly validating their effectivity in traditional medicine. However, most of the available scientific literatures lacks information on relevant doses, duration of the treatment, storage conditions and positive controls for examining bioefficacy of extract and its active compounds. Additional toxicological studies on the species used in local pharmacopeia are urgently needed to guarantee safe application due to high toxicity of some crude extracts. Interestingly, this review also reports 10 pimarane dinorditerpenoids structures with the aromatic ring C, isolated from the species collected in Asia Drypetes littoralis (Taiwan), D. perreticulata (China), and in Africa D. gerrardii (Kenya), D. gossweileri (Cameroon). These compounds might turn out to be good candidates for chemotaxonomic markers of the genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Duplex Wansi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Douala, Faculty of Science, 24157 Douala, Cameroon; School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
| | - Jean Wandji
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Yaounde I, Faculty of Science, 812 Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Lutfun Nahar
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Claire Martin
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfuna Street, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK
| | - Satyajit Dey Sarker
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
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Grace D, Khan MS, Friesen K, Ata A. Antimicrobial Compounds from Drypetes staudtii. Chem Biodivers 2016; 13:913-7. [PMID: 27288642 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201500298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial-directed phytochemical investigation of the MeOH extract of Drypetes staudtii afforded two new compounds, 4,5-(methylenedioxy)-o-coumaroylputrescine (1), 4,5-(methylenedioxy)-o-coumaroyl-4'-N-methylputrescine (2), along with seven known natural products 4α-hydroxyeremophila-1,9-diene-3,8-dione (3), drypemolundein B (4), friedelan-3β-ol (5), erythrodiol (6), ursolic acid (7), p-coumaric acid (8), and β-sitosterol (9). Structures of compounds 1 - 9 were elucidated with the aid of extensive NMR and mass spectral studies. All of the isolates exhibited antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in the range of 8 - 128 μg/ml. Compounds 1 - 2 were also moderately active against Candida albicans with an MIC value of 32 μg/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Grace
- Department of Chemistry, Richardson College for the Environmental and Science Complex, The University of Winnipeg, 599 Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3B 2G3, Canada
| | - Madiha S Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Richardson College for the Environmental and Science Complex, The University of Winnipeg, 599 Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3B 2G3, Canada
| | - Kenneth Friesen
- Department of Chemistry, Richardson College for the Environmental and Science Complex, The University of Winnipeg, 599 Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3B 2G3, Canada
| | - Athar Ata
- Department of Chemistry, Richardson College for the Environmental and Science Complex, The University of Winnipeg, 599 Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3B 2G3, Canada.
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Brusotti G, Andreola F, Sferrazza G, Grisoli P, Merelli A, Robustelli della Cuna FS, Calleri E, Nicotera G, Pierimarchi P, Serafino A. In vitro evaluation of the wound healing activity of Drypetes klainei stem bark extracts. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 175:412-421. [PMID: 26403594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Drypetes klainei Pierre ex Pax is used in Cameroon by Baka Pygmies in the wound healing process and for the treatment of burns. AIM OF THE STUDY To validate the traditional use of D. klainei Pierre ex Pax stem bark extracts through the evaluation of their antimicrobial properties and their ability to improve wound healing process in fibroblast cell cultures. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antimicrobial properties of D. klainei extracts were evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615, Escherichia coli ATCC 10536, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, on the basis of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal-fungicidal concentration (MBC-MFC) by the macrodilution method. The extracts abilities to accelerate wound healing were studied on murine and human fibroblasts in terms of cell viability and migration (scratch wound-healing assay). RESULTS All the extracts were non-toxic against the selected microorganisms at the tested concentrations, and significantly improve wound healing process in vitro, compared to untreated controls. However, the defatted methanol extract was active at lower concentrations, compared to the water extract. CONCLUSIONS The ability of both water and defatted methanol extracts to accelerate scratch wound closure in fibroblast cultures may support the traditional use of D. klainei stem bark in the treatment of skin lesions (such as burns) even if no antimicrobial activity was evidenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Brusotti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | - F Andreola
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - G Sferrazza
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - P Grisoli
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - A Merelli
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - E Calleri
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - G Nicotera
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - P Pierimarchi
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - A Serafino
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy.
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Parimala M, Shoba FG. In vitro antimicrobial activity and HPTLC analysis of hydroalcoholic seed extract of Nymphaea nouchali Burm. f. Altern Ther Health Med 2014; 14:361. [PMID: 25256694 PMCID: PMC4182785 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background In the Indian ayurvedic system of medicine, Nymphaea nouchali is used for the treatment of diabetes, cutaneous diseases, inflammation, liver disorders, urinary disorders, menorrhagia, blenorrhagia, menstruation problem, as an aphrodisiac, and as a bitter tonic. However, despite its traditional usage as an antimicrobial agent, there is no information regarding its effectiveness in infections caused by pathogenic microbes. Hence, we evaluated 70% ethanol extract of the seeds of N. nouchali for its antimicrobial activity. Methods The antimicrobial activity of the extract at five different concentrations was tested against few common human pathogenic microorganisms by agar disc diffusion assay. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of the extract was determined by the modified resazurin method. Streptomycin (10 μg/ml) and amphotericin B (10 μg/ml) were used as standards for antibacterial and antifungal study respectively. Few phenolic compounds were identified and quantified by standard HPTLC technique. Results The zone of inhibition was extremely great for P. aeruginosa (25 mm), S. aureus (20 mm) and C. albicans (19 mm). MIC value was the least at 0.03 mg/ml for bacteria: K. pneumoniae, S. dysenteriae and E. coli and 0.31 mg/ml for fungi: C. albicans and T. mentagrophytes. Moreover, through HPTLC analysis few phenolic compounds were quantified, among which catechin content was found to be the highest (3.06%), followed by gallic acid (0.27%) and quercetin (0.04%). Conclusions The results therefore clearly indicates that the crude extract from N. nouchali seeds could be used as a potential source of natural antimicrobial agent owing to the presence of the phytoconstituent catechin in abundance along with other active compounds and supports the traditional use of the plant in the treatment of infections.
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Xia L, Lenaghan SC, Wills AB, Chen Y, Zhang M. Evaluation of the nanofibrillar structure of Dioscorea opposite extract for cell attachment. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2011; 88:425-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Revised: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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