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Alghadir AH, Gabr SA, Iqbal A. Hand grip strength, vitamin D status, and diets as predictors of bone health in 6-12 years old school children. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:830. [PMID: 37872520 PMCID: PMC10594896 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06960-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D and calcium-rich foods, exposure to sunlight, and physical activities (PA) play a pivotal role in promoting the production of sufficient vitamin D and improving grip strength needed for better bone health among school children. PURPOSE This study aimed to determine the effects of hand grip muscle strength (HGS), vitamin D in addition to diets, and PA on bone health status among 6-12 years old schoolchildren. METHODS This study was based on a cross-sectional observational design, which was descriptive in nature. A diverse sample of 560 elementary school children aged 6-12 years old were invited to participate in this descriptive cross-sectional study. The Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA), QUS technique, and ACTi graph GT1M accelerometer were used respectively as a valid tools to identify BMD, BMC, and other parameters of bone health like c-BUA values and bone stiffness (SI), and physical activity (PA) of all individuals participated in this study. In addition, a hydraulic dynamometer was used to measure hand grip strength among the participants. Moreover, an immunoassay technique was used to measure the serum levels of vitamin 25(OH)D level, and bone metabolism markers; NTX, DPD, Ca, and sBAP in all participants. Bone loss (osteoporosis) was cross-sectionally predicted in 19.64% of the total population, most of whom were girls (14.3% vs. 5.4% for boys; P = 0.01). Compared to boys, the incidence of osteoporosis was higher and significantly correlated in girls with lower HGS, deficient vitamin D, inadequate vitamin D and Ca intake, greater adiposity, poor PA, and lower sun exposure. Also, in girls, lower vitamin 25(OH)D levels, and poor HGS were shown to be significantly associated with lower values of BMD, BMC, SI, and higher values of bone resorption markers; NTX, DPD, and sBAP and lower serum Ca than do in boys. The findings suggested that deficient vitamin D, lower HGS, adiposity, PA, and sun exposure as related risk factors to the pravelence of bone loss among school children, particularly in girls. In addition, these parameters might be considered diagnostic non-invasive predictors of bone health for clinical use in epidemiological contexts; however, more studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad H Alghadir
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami A Gabr
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amir Iqbal
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia.
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Al-Rawaf HA, Gabr SA, Iqbal A, Alghadir AH. MicroRNAs as potential biopredictors for premenopausal osteoporosis: a biochemical and molecular study. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:481. [PMID: 37689658 PMCID: PMC10493018 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02626-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating micro-RNAs have been proposed as a new type of biomarker in several diseases, particularly those related to bone health. They have shown great potential due to their feasibility and simplicity of measurement in all body fluids, especially urine, plasma, and serum. AIM This study aimed to evaluate the expression of a set of mRNAs, namely miR-21, miR-24, mir-100, miR-24a, miR-103-3p, and miR-142-3p. Their proposed roles in the progression of osteoporosis were identified using a real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis in premenopausal women. In addition, their correlations with osteocalcin (OC), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP), and deoxypyridinoline (DPD) bone markers were explored. METHODS A total of 85 healthy premenopausal women aged 25-50 years old were included in this study. Based on a DXA scan (Z-score) analysis and calcaneus broadband ultrasound attenuation scores (c-BUAs), measured via quantitative ultrasound (QUS), the subjects were classified into three groups: normal group (n = 25), osteopenia (n = 30), and osteoporosis (n = 30). Real-time-PCR and immunoassay analyses were performed to determine miRNA expression levels and serum OC, s-BAP, and DPD, respectively, as biomarkers of bone health. RESULTS Among the identified miRNAs, only miR-21, miR-24, and mir-100 were significantly upregulated and increased in the serum of patients with osteopenia and osteoporosis, and miR-24a, miR-103-3p, and miR-142-3p were downregulated and significantly decreased in osteoporosis. Both upregulated and downregulated miRNAs were significantly correlated with BMD, c-BUA, OC, s-BAP, and DPD. CONCLUSION A group of circulating miRNAs was shown to be closely correlated with the parameters BMD, c-BUA, OC, s-BAP, and DPD, which are traditionally used for bone-health measurements. They could be identified as non-invasive biomarkers in premenopausal patients with osteoporosis. More studies with large sample sizes are recommended to estimate the mechanistic role of miRNAs in osteoporosis pathogenesis and to provide evidence for the use of these miRNAs as a non-invasive method of diagnosing clinical osteoporosis, especially in premenopausal patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeel A. Al-Rawaf
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11433 Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami A. Gabr
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11433 Saudi Arabia
| | - Amir Iqbal
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11433 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad H. Alghadir
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11433 Saudi Arabia
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Koo HC, Lim GP, Kaur S, Chan KQ, Chan KE, Chung C, Wong M, Danaselvam U. Bone Health and Its Positive Relationships with Body Composition in Malaysian Schoolchildren: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Study. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8070569. [PMID: 34356548 PMCID: PMC8303397 DOI: 10.3390/children8070569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background: Optimal bone health is vital in children to prevent osteoporosis later in life, and body composition plays a crucial role in it. However, the literature reports contradictory results when considering the relationship between body composition and bone health in children. This study aimed to examine the bone health and its relationship with body composition in Malaysian schoolchildren. Methods: In this cross sectional study, body composition data (weight, height, body fat percentage [% fat], fat mass, fat free mass, visceral fat, waist circumference [WC] and body mass index-for-age [BMI z-score]) and bone health data (Z-score and broadband ultrasound attenuation [BUA]) were collected from 415 schoolchildren aged 9–12 years, cluster sampled from randomly selected primary schools in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Results: Girls generally had significantly higher height, body fat percentage, fat mass, visceral fat and Z-score as compared to boys. A steady increase of the mean BUA value was observed with increasing age in both sexes. The mean BUA value of the present study across the population was significantly higher than that of schoolchildren from Nigeria (p < 0.001), Colombia (p < 0.001) and Spain (p = 0.002). Significant positive correlations were found between all the body composition variables and bone outcome variables across the population. Further, BUA was significantly correlated with weight (β = 0.172; p = 0.001), height (β = 0.299; p < 0.001), % fat (β = 0.131; p = 0.007), fat mass (β = 0.130; p = 0.007), fat free mass (β = 0.209; p < 0.001), visceral fat (β = 0.127, p = 0.008), WC (β = 0.165; p = 0.001) and BMI z-score (β = 0.162; p = 0.001), after controlling for sex, age and ethnicity. Similarly, after confounders adjusted, Z-score was significantly predicted by weight (β = 0.160; p = 0.001), height (β = 0.310; p < 0.001), % fat (β = 0.104; p = 0.032), fat mass (β = 0.107; p = 0.026), fat free mass (β = 0.218; p < 0.001), visceral fat (β = 0.107, p = 0.026), WC (β = 0.145; p = 0.002) and BMI z-score (β = 0.150; p = 0.002). Conclusions: Our findings have revealed that body composition variables were positive correlated with bone outcome variables, suggesting that adipose tissue acts to stimulate bone growth. Further clinical and molecular studies in the future is recommended to fully illustrate the complex interactions between adiposity and bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chin Koo
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Kuala Lumpur 53300, Malaysia; (G.P.L.); (K.Q.C.); (K.E.C.); (C.C.); (M.W.); (U.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Geok Pei Lim
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Kuala Lumpur 53300, Malaysia; (G.P.L.); (K.Q.C.); (K.E.C.); (C.C.); (M.W.); (U.D.)
| | - Satvinder Kaur
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Kai Quin Chan
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Kuala Lumpur 53300, Malaysia; (G.P.L.); (K.Q.C.); (K.E.C.); (C.C.); (M.W.); (U.D.)
| | - Keh En Chan
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Kuala Lumpur 53300, Malaysia; (G.P.L.); (K.Q.C.); (K.E.C.); (C.C.); (M.W.); (U.D.)
| | - Casey Chung
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Kuala Lumpur 53300, Malaysia; (G.P.L.); (K.Q.C.); (K.E.C.); (C.C.); (M.W.); (U.D.)
| | - Michelle Wong
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Kuala Lumpur 53300, Malaysia; (G.P.L.); (K.Q.C.); (K.E.C.); (C.C.); (M.W.); (U.D.)
| | - Ugunesh Danaselvam
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Kuala Lumpur 53300, Malaysia; (G.P.L.); (K.Q.C.); (K.E.C.); (C.C.); (M.W.); (U.D.)
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Martínez-Rodríguez A, Sánchez-Sánchez J, Martínez-Olcina M, Vicente-Martínez M, Miralles-Amorós L, Sánchez-Sáez JA. Study of Physical Fitness, Bone Quality, and Mediterranean Diet Adherence in Professional Female Beach Handball Players: Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:1911. [PMID: 34199412 PMCID: PMC8229186 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Beach handball is a relatively new type of sport, derived from team handball. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the physical fitness of elite players of this sport by studying some variables of sports performance, including strength, endurance and power, and dietary habits, and to assess bone ultrasonographic variables. (2) Methods: 33 beach handball players have participated in this research; 18 juniors (age: 16.7 ± 0.50) and 15 seniors (age: 24.8 ± 4.71). The athletes' strength was evaluated using the Handgrip Test on the dominant hand, the height of jump was evaluated by a counter-jump on a contact platform, and velocity, agility, and resistance by the Yo-Yo test. The broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and the sound of speed (SOS) through the calcaneus were also measured. The Mediterranean diet adherence (KIDMED) was the questionnaire used to evaluate eating habits. In the statistical analysis, descriptions and correlations were made between the study variables. (3) Results: Both in the case of the dynamometric hand strength test (p < 0.05) and in the lower extremity power test (p < 0.01), senior players presented significantly higher values compared to junior players (35.1 ± 3.84 vs. 31.8 ± 3.37 and 35.1 ± 6.89 vs. 28.5 ± 5.69 with the dynamometry and Abalakov tests, respectively). However, no differences were observed in the variables by playing position. Significant correlations between different variables have been established, highlighting negative correlations between BMI and weight with the Abalakov Jump Test and positive correlations between Yo-Yo and BUA, and, between BMI and BUA. (4) Conclusions: Older and trained players are in better physical fitness; high weight and BMI have a negative influence on power, agility, speed, and endurance. In general, adherence to the Mediterranean diet is moderate and it seems evident that there is a beneficial influence of beach handball on bone condition, as measured by ultrasound. However future research should be carried on, including dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry assessments and food intake registers for a whole week.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Martínez-Rodríguez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, Alicante University, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (M.M.-O.); (L.M.-A.)
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL Foundation), 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Javier Sánchez-Sánchez
- Department of Sport Sciences, School of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Martínez-Olcina
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, Alicante University, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (M.M.-O.); (L.M.-A.)
| | - Manuel Vicente-Martínez
- Faculty of Health Science, Miguel de Cervantes European University, 47012 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Laura Miralles-Amorós
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, Alicante University, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (M.M.-O.); (L.M.-A.)
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Gómez-Campos R, Sulla-Torres J, Andruske CL, Campos LFCCD, Luarte-Rocha C, Cossio-Bolaños W, Cossio-Bolaños MA. Ultrasound reference values for the calcaneus of children and adolescents at moderate altitudes in Peru. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2021; 97:88-95. [PMID: 32084442 PMCID: PMC9432011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE a) Establish reference values for bone parameters by using the speed of sound (SOS, m/s) of broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA, dB/MHz) and establish a bone quality index (BQI=αSOS+βBUA) for children and adolescents living in a region of moderate altitude, b) compare bone parameters with an international standard (with different ethnic, socio-economic, and lifestyle backgrounds) by using ultrasound of the calcaneus (heel bone) (QUS). METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with children and adolescents between the ages of 6.0 and 16.9 years old. The sample was selected randomly. A total of 1322 subjects were studied. Weight, height, and bone parameters, using ultrasound of the calcaneus, were evaluated SOS, BUA, and BQI. Body Mass Index BMI was calculated. RESULTS The average age of males was 11.44±0.35 years old, and for females, it was 11.43±0.35 years old. The students in this research showed slightly higher values of SOS, BUA, and BQI for both sexes when compared with the international reference (the 50th percentile). Percentiles were generated (P3, P10, P25, P50, P75, P90, and P97) using the LMS method [median (M), standard deviation (S), and power of the Box-Cox transformation (L)] by age and sex. CONCLUSION The students living at a moderate altitude showed slightly higher values in bone parameters in relation to the international reference. This pattern depicted a population with a better state of bone health. The proposed percentiles may be used to categorize adequate to at risk bone parameters based on age and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Gómez-Campos
- Universidad Católica del Maule, Department of Diversity and Educational Inclusiveness, Talca, Chile
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Nwogu UB, Agwu KK, Anakwue AMC, Okeji MC, Idigo FU, Ogbu SOI. Calcaneal Broadband Ultrasound Attenuation and Speed of Sound Measurements in a Population of Nigerian Children: Reference Data and the Influence of Sociodemographic Variables. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2019; 38:1349-1360. [PMID: 30208246 DOI: 10.1002/jum.14817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of our study was to establish a reference database of calcaneal broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and the speed of sound (SOS) in a healthy Nigerian population of children aged 6 to 14 years and also to investigate the influence of sociodemographic and anthropometric variables on them. METHODS The BUA and SOS of 1016 healthy children were measured by quantitative ultrasound densitometry. Height and weight were measured with a stadiometer and weighing balance, respectively, whereas the sociodemographic parameters of the participants were collected on a semistructured questionnaire. A multiple regression model using stepwise selection and Pearson correlation coefficients were used to examine the relationship between the ultrasound parameters and sociodemographic and anthropometric parameters. Comparisons between various age groups were made by analysis of variance. RESULTS The mean BUA and SOS ± SD of the participants were 60.57 ± 16.21 dB/MHz and 1563.48 ± 21.74 m/s, respectively, for boys and 58.18 ± 15.16 dB/MHz and 1560.03 ± 22.32 m/s for girls. The BUA in both sexes was positively influenced by age and weight (P < .05), whereas only the father's educational status was its predictor (P < .05) in the boys. For the girls, the family size and mother's educational status were predictors of the BUA (P < .05). The SOS was marginally influenced by age and family size in the boys (P < .05), whereas the father's educational status was the predictor in the girls. CONCLUSIONS The established BUA and SOS values in this study are baseline values, and further study, which would also involve data from a large number of Nigerian children, would be needed to support their effectiveness as reference values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uloma Benedicta Nwogu
- Department of Medical Radiography and Radiological Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Kenneth Kalu Agwu
- Department of Medical Radiography and Radiological Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Angel-Mary Chukwunyelu Anakwue
- Department of Medical Radiography and Radiological Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Mark Chukwudi Okeji
- Department of Medical Radiography and Radiological Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Felicitas Ugochinyere Idigo
- Department of Medical Radiography and Radiological Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Sylvester Osita I Ogbu
- Department of Medical Radiography and Radiological Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria
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Garcia-Hermoso A, Oriol-Granado X, Correa-Bautista JE, Ramírez-Vélez R. Association between bullying victimization and physical fitness among children and adolescents. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2019; 19:134-140. [PMID: 31193131 PMCID: PMC6517651 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between being bullied and the physical fitness components, and to determine whether a healthy physical fitness level is related with lower victimization in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity compared to unfit overweight/obese peers. METHOD The present cross-sectional study included a total of 7,714 youths (9-17 years), categorized as normal-weight or overweight/obese and fit or unfit according to sex-specific handgrip strength and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) cut-points. Bullying (physical, verbal, social exclusion, sexual harassment, and cyberbullying) was assessed through the Standard Health Behavior in School-aged Children survey questions. RESULTS Boys and girls that were categorized as fit (healthy level of CRF) showed lower traditional bullying compared to unfit counterparts. Also, a healthy level of CRF could be a protective factor of traditional bullying among overweight/obese youths compared to unfit overweight/obese peers. CONCLUSIONS CRF is related with lower risk for experiencing traditional bullying in Latino youths with and without obesity, thus emphasizing the role of fitness even among youth with excess of adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Garcia-Hermoso
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile
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Alghadir AH, Gabr SA, Rizk AA. Physical Fitness, Adiposity, and Diets as Surrogate Measures of Bone Health in Schoolchildren: A Biochemical and Cross-Sectional Survey Analysis. J Clin Densitom 2018; 21:406-419. [PMID: 29657025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the associations between adiposity, muscular fitness (MF), diet, sun exposure, and physical activity profiles as surrogate measures with bone health status in a sample of schoolchildren aged 8-18 yr old. A total of 250 Egyptian schoolchildren aged 8-18 yr were randomly invited to participate in these cross-sectional survey analyses. Calcaneal broadband ultrasound attenuation (c-BUA), bone mineral density (BMD), and bone formation markers (total calcium, serum bone alkaline phosphatase, and osteocalcin) were measured as markers of bone health. Adiposity profile, MF, physical activity (PA), sun exposure, Ca, and vitamin D dietary intake as related cofactors of bone health were measured by using prevalidated questionnaires and standard analytical techniques. A total of 85% (n = 213) of the study population showed normal bone health and 14.8% (n = 37) had abnormal bone health; most of them are girls (67.6%) classified according to BMD and c-BUA Z-scores into osteopenia (9.6%) and osteoporosis (5.2%). Compared with boys, higher correlations between c-BUA, bone mineral content, and BMD measures in the femoral neck, lumbar spine, whole body, and bone markers were reported in girls with lower bone mass. There was a positive significant correlation between body mass index, adiposity, sun exposure, MF, PA status, Ca and vitamin D intake, and c-BUA and BMD score analyses. These parameters were shown to be associated with about ~57.3%-88.4% of bone health characteristics of children and adolescents with osteopenia and osteoporosis. In children and adolescents, sun exposure, Ca and vitamin D diets, adiposity, PA, and changes in the levels of Ca, osteocalcin, and serum bone alkaline phosphatase were shown to be associated with bone health. Also, a significant correlation was reported between c-BUA score, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-BMD measures, and bone markers at clinically important bone sites of girls and boys. However, further clinical trials should be studied to consider c-BUA and bone markers as the benchmark estimates of bone mass for diagnostic purposes in young ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad H Alghadir
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami A Gabr
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ashraf A Rizk
- Department of Health Science, College of Health Science and physical activity, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Szmodis M, Zsákai A, Bosnyák E, Protzner A, Trájer E, Farkas A, Szőts G, Tóth M. Reference data for ultrasound bone characteristics in Hungarian children aged 7-19 years. Ann Hum Biol 2017; 44:704-714. [PMID: 29037074 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2017.1390152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Backround: Osteoporosis is a common disease and physical activity (PA) has a favourable influence on bone status. AIM To establish normative data for calcaneal quantitative ultrasound (QUS) bone characteristics in children and to analyse the relationships between PA, anthropometric and bone parameters. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Hungarian children aged 7-19 (n = 2674; 1325 girls, 1349 boys) provided PA, anthropometric and bone data. QUS parameters were registered with Sonost3000 densitometer (speed of sound: SOS, m/s; broadband ultrasound attenuation: BUA, dB/MHz; bone quantity index (BQI = αSOS + βBUA). Reference centiles of QUS parameters were constructed by LMS method. Multivariate linear regression models were used to analyse the relationships. RESULTS QUS bone parameters increased with age. There were no gender differences, except in 11- and 19-year-old children, where boys showed higher values. SOS (1497.15 ± 15.72 vs 1494.05 ± 14.81 m/s) and BQI (65.31 ± 16.71 vs 62.26 ± 15.78) were higher in athletic children. The regression model revealed significant relations between SOS and age, relative muscle mass and PA; BUA correlated with gender, morphological age, BMI, relative muscle mass and PA. CONCLUSIONS Changes in the bone parameters among 7-19-year-old Hungarian children depended on age, anthropometric dimensions and the level of PA. The normative data could be used for monitoring QUS bone parameters in children, leading to more effective interventions for healthy bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márta Szmodis
- a Department of Health Sciences and Sport Medicine , University of Physical Education , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Annamária Zsákai
- b Department of Biological Anthropology , Eötvös Loránd University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Edit Bosnyák
- a Department of Health Sciences and Sport Medicine , University of Physical Education , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Anna Protzner
- a Department of Health Sciences and Sport Medicine , University of Physical Education , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Emese Trájer
- a Department of Health Sciences and Sport Medicine , University of Physical Education , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Anna Farkas
- a Department of Health Sciences and Sport Medicine , University of Physical Education , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Gábor Szőts
- a Department of Health Sciences and Sport Medicine , University of Physical Education , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Miklós Tóth
- a Department of Health Sciences and Sport Medicine , University of Physical Education , Budapest , Hungary.,c Department of Medical Chemistry , Semmmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary.,d Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Pécs , Pécs , Hungary
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Ramírez-Vélez R, García-Hermoso A, Agostinis-Sobrinho C, Mota J, Santos R, Correa-Bautista JE, Amaya-Tambo DC, Villa-González E. Cycling to School and Body Composition, Physical Fitness, and Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents. J Pediatr 2017; 188:57-63. [PMID: 28651798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between cycling to/from school and body composition, physical fitness, and metabolic syndrome among a sample of Colombian children and adolescents. STUDY DESIGN During the 2014-2015 school year, we examined a cross-sectional component of the Association for muscular strength with early manifestation of cardiovascular disease risk factors among Colombian children and adolescents (FUPRECOL) study. Participants included 2877 youths (54.5% girls) from Bogota, Colombia. A self-reported questionnaire was used to measure the frequency and mode of commuting to school. Four components of physical fitness were measured: (1) anthropometric (height, weight, body mass index, and waist circumference); (2) musculoskeletal (handgrip and standing long jump test); (3) motor (speed-agility test; 4 × 10-meter shuttle run); and (4) cardiorespiratory (20-m shuttle run test [20mSRT]). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was determined by the definitions provided by the International Diabetes Federation. RESULTS Twenty-three percent of the sample reported commuting by cycle. Active commuting boys had a likelihood of having an unhealthy 4 × 10 m value (OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.53-0.98; P = .038) compared with the reference group (passive commuters). Active commuting girls showed a lower likelihood of having unhealthy a 20mSRT value (OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.56-0.99; P = .047) and metabolic syndrome (OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.35-0.99; P = .048) compared with passive commuters. CONCLUSION Regular cycling to school may to be associated with better physical fitness and a lower incidence of metabolic syndrome than passive transport, especially in girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Center of Studies in Physical Activity Measurements, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- Faculty of Physical Activity and Science, University of Santiago, Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cesar Agostinis-Sobrinho
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Health, and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Mota
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Health, and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rute Santos
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Health, and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Early Start Research Institute, Faculty of Social Sciences, School of Education, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Jorge Enrique Correa-Bautista
- Center of Studies in Physical Activity Measurements, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Deisy Constanza Amaya-Tambo
- Center of Studies in Physical Activity Measurements, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Emilio Villa-González
- PROFITH Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, School of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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11
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Forero-Bogotá MA, Ojeda-Pardo ML, García-Hermoso A, Correa-Bautista JE, González-Jiménez E, Schmidt-RíoValle J, Navarro-Pérez CF, Gracia-Marco L, Vlachopoulos D, Martínez-Torres J, Ramírez-Vélez R. Body Composition, Nutritional Profile and Muscular Fitness Affect Bone Health in a Sample of Schoolchildren from Colombia: The Fuprecol Study. Nutrients 2017; 9:E106. [PMID: 28165360 PMCID: PMC5331537 DOI: 10.3390/nu9020106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study is to investigate the relationships between body composition, nutritional profile, muscular fitness (MF) and bone health in a sample of children and adolescents from Colombia. Participants included 1118 children and adolescents (54.6% girls). Calcaneal broadband ultrasound attenuation (c-BUA) was obtained as a marker of bone health. Body composition (fat mass and lean mass) was assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Furthermore height, weight, waist circumference and Tanner stage were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Standing long-jump (SLJ) and isometric handgrip dynamometry were used respectively as indicators of lower and upper body muscular fitness. A muscular index score was also computed by summing up the standardised values of both SLJ and handgrip strength. Dietary intake and degree of adherence to the Mediterranean diet were assessed by a 7-day recall questionnaire for food frequency and the Kidmed questionnaire. Poor bone health was considered using a z-score cut off of ≤-1.5 standard deviation. Once the results were adjusted for age and Tanner stage, the predisposing factors of having a c-BUA z-score ≤-1.5 standard deviation included being underweight or obese, having an unhealthy lean mass, having an unhealthy fat mass, SLJ performance, handgrip performance, and unhealthy muscular index score. In conclusion, body composition (fat mass and lean body mass) and MF both influenced bone health in a sample of children and adolescents from Colombia. Thus promoting strength adaptation and preservation in Colombian youth will help to improve bone health, an important protective factor against osteoporosis in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Adriana Forero-Bogotá
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota DC 111221, Colombia.
| | - Mónica Liliana Ojeda-Pardo
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota DC 111221, Colombia.
| | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Región Metropolitana, Santiago 7500618, Chile.
| | - Jorge Enrique Correa-Bautista
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota DC 111221, Colombia.
| | - Emilio González-Jiménez
- Departamento de Enfermería, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Avda, De la Ilustración, s/n, (18016), Universidad de Granada, Granada 18071, Spain.
- Grupo CTS-436, Adscrito al Centro de Investigación Mente, Cerebro y Comportamiento (CIMCYC), Universidad de Granada, Granada 18071, Spain.
| | - Jacqueline Schmidt-RíoValle
- Departamento de Enfermería, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Avda, De la Ilustración, s/n, (18016), Universidad de Granada, Granada 18071, Spain.
- Grupo CTS-436, Adscrito al Centro de Investigación Mente, Cerebro y Comportamiento (CIMCYC), Universidad de Granada, Granada 18071, Spain.
| | - Carmen Flores Navarro-Pérez
- Departamento de Enfermería, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Avda, De la Ilustración, s/n, (18016), Universidad de Granada, Granada 18071, Spain.
- Grupo CTS-436, Adscrito al Centro de Investigación Mente, Cerebro y Comportamiento (CIMCYC), Universidad de Granada, Granada 18071, Spain.
| | - Luis Gracia-Marco
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre (CHERC), Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK.
- GENUD "Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development" Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain.
| | - Dimitris Vlachopoulos
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre (CHERC), Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK.
| | - Javier Martínez-Torres
- Grupo GICAEDS, Facultad de Cultura Física, Deporte y Recreación, Universidad Santo Tomás, Bogotá DC 111221, Colombia.
| | - Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota DC 111221, Colombia.
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