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Verma LM, Kumar A, Bashir AU, Gangwar U, Ingole PP, Sharma S. Phase controlled green synthesis of wurtzite ( P63 mc) ZnO nanoparticles: interplay of green ligands with precursor anions, anisotropy and photocatalysis. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 6:155-169. [PMID: 38125588 PMCID: PMC10729870 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00596h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Green approaches for nanosynthesis often lack the precise control of synthetic outcomes, which is primarily due to the poorly defined reaction protocols. Herein, we investigated the use of lignocellulosic agro-waste, sugarcane press mud (PM), for the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using three different precursor salts and their further application in the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine dyes. This approach resulted in the formation of ZnO nanoparticles with two different morphologies, i.e., sheet-like structure from the zinc sulphate and nitrate precursors, whereas sphere-like structures from zinc acetate. In all three cases, the wurtzite phase (P63mc) of ZnO nanoparticles remained consistent. Also, the ZnO nanoparticles were found to be positively charged ("ζ" = +8.81 to +9.22 mv) and nearly monodispersed, with a size and band gap in the range of ∼14-20 nm and 3.78-4.1 eV, respectively. Further, the potential photocatalytic activity of these nanoparticles was investigated under direct sunlight. At the same photocatalyst dose of 0.1 g L-1, the three ZnO nanoparticles showed varying efficiencies due to their shape anisotropy. The ZnO NPs from acetate salt (∼20 nm, sheet like) showed the highest dye degradation efficiency (90.03%) in 4.0 hours, indicating the role of the catalyst-dye interface in designing efficient photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lahur Mani Verma
- Centre for Rural Development & Technology (CRDT), Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Room No. 289, Block-III, Main Building, Hauz Khas New Delhi-110016 India +91-11-26591121 +91-11-26591116
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Centre for Rural Development & Technology (CRDT), Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Room No. 289, Block-III, Main Building, Hauz Khas New Delhi-110016 India +91-11-26591121 +91-11-26591116
| | - Aejaz Ul Bashir
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi India
| | - Upanshu Gangwar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi India
| | - Pravin P Ingole
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi India
| | - Satyawati Sharma
- Centre for Rural Development & Technology (CRDT), Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Room No. 289, Block-III, Main Building, Hauz Khas New Delhi-110016 India +91-11-26591121 +91-11-26591116
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Karvekar OS, Vadanagekar AS, Sarvalkar PD, Suryawanshi SS, Jadhav SM, Singhan RD, Jadhav JP, Sharma KKK, Prasad NR. Bos taurus (A-2) urine assisted bioactive cobalt oxide anchored ZnO: a novel nanoscale approach. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15584. [PMID: 36114411 PMCID: PMC9481578 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19900-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractIn this study, a novel synthetic method for cobalt oxide (Co3O4) nanoparticles using Bos taurus (A-2) urine as a reducing agent was developed. In addition to this ZnO nanorods were produced hydrothermally and a nanocomposite is formed through a solid-state reaction. The synthesized materials were characterized through modern characterization techniques such as XRD, FE-SEM with EDS, DLS, zeta potential, FT-IR, Raman spectroscopic analysis, and TGA with DSC. The free radical destructive activity was determined using two different methods viz. ABTS and DPPH. The potential for BSA denaturation in vitro, which is measured in comparison to heat-induced denaturation of egg albumin and results in anti-inflammatory effects of nanomaterial was studied. All synthesized nanomaterials have excellent antibacterial properties, particularly against Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus. The composite exhibits excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in comparison to pure nanomaterials. This reveals that these nanomaterials are advantageous in medicine and drug administration.
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Garg B, Bisht T, Ling YC. Colorimetric recognition of hydrazine in aqueous solution by a bromophenol blue-tethered ion-pair-like ratiometric probe. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 251:119456. [PMID: 33485245 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydrazine or hydrazine hydrate (N2H4·H2O) is a potential neurotoxin and has several mutagenic effects in physiological systems. Therefore, the development of synthetic organic probes that are sensitive and selective to hydrazine is of tremendous importance. Unfortunately, however, the hydrazine-selective sensing probes that rely upon minimum usage of the organic solvents (≤5%, v/v) are still rarer. In this work, an ion-pair-like mono acetate derivative of bromophenol blue has been developed as a fairly selective ratiometric probe for the naked-eye recognition of hydrazine in a solution of tris buffer and EtOH (19:1, v/v) at physiological pH. The chromogenic signalling relies upon hydrazine-induced cleavage of an ester moiety of the probe to its resonance stabilized quinonoid form, resulting in momentous variations in its spectrophotometric profile. Meanwhile, the colour of the probe solution changed from mustard yellow to blue within few minutes. This sensing assay could be successfully applied in the recognition of hydrazine in real environmental and pharmaceutical samples with satisfactory recoveries. Given the cost-effectiveness, simplicity and versatility, for instance, direct analysis of colorimetric probes, it is reasonable to propose that the present method can serve as a complementary method for prompt inspection of hydrazine in boiler feed water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Garg
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Tanuja Bisht
- Department of Chemistry, IPGGPG College of Commerce, Haldwani 263139, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Yong-Chien Ling
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
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Synthesis of ZnO Nanorod Film Deposited by Spraying with Application for Flexible Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Microdevices. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20236759. [PMID: 33256037 PMCID: PMC7729474 DOI: 10.3390/s20236759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Industry 4.0 and the Internet of Things have significantly increased the use of sensors and electronic products based on flexible substrates, which require electrical energy for their performance. This electrical energy can be supplied by piezoelectric vibrational energy harvesting (pVEH) devices. These devices can convert energy from ambient mechanical excitations into electrical energy. In order to develop, these devices require piezoelectric films fabricated with a simple and low-cost process. In this work, we synthesize ZnO nanorod film by a solvothermal method and deposit by spraying on ITO (indium-tin-oxide)/PET (polyethylene terephthalate) flexible substrate for a pVEH microdevice. The results of the characterization of the ZnO nanorod film using X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirm the typical reflections for this type of nanomaterial (JCPDS 36-145). Based on transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images, the size of the nanorod film is close to 1380 nm, and the average diameter is 221 ± 67 nm. In addition, the morphological characteristics of the ZnO nanorod film are obtained using atomic force microscopy (AFM) tapping images. The pVEH microdevice has a resonant frequency of 37 Hz, a generated voltage and electrical power of 9.12 V and 6.67 μW, respectively, considering a load resistance of 107.7 kΩ and acceleration of 1.5 g. The ZnO nanorod film may be applied to pVEH microdevices with flexible substrates using a low-cost and easy fabrication process.
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Wojnarowicz J, Chudoba T, Lojkowski W. A Review of Microwave Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanomaterials: Reactants, Process Parameters and Morphoslogies. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1086. [PMID: 32486522 PMCID: PMC7353225 DOI: 10.3390/nano10061086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a multifunctional material due to its exceptional physicochemical properties and broad usefulness. The special properties resulting from the reduction of the material size from the macro scale to the nano scale has made the application of ZnO nanomaterials (ZnO NMs) more popular in numerous consumer products. In recent years, particular attention has been drawn to the development of various methods of ZnO NMs synthesis, which above all meet the requirements of the green chemistry approach. The application of the microwave heating technology when obtaining ZnO NMs enables the development of new methods of syntheses, which are characterised by, among others, the possibility to control the properties, repeatability, reproducibility, short synthesis duration, low price, purity, and fulfilment of the eco-friendly approach criterion. The dynamic development of materials engineering is the reason why it is necessary to obtain ZnO NMs with strictly defined properties. The present review aims to discuss the state of the art regarding the microwave synthesis of undoped and doped ZnO NMs. The first part of the review presents the properties of ZnO and new applications of ZnO NMs. Subsequently, the properties of microwave heating are discussed and compared with conventional heating and areas of application are presented. The final part of the paper presents reactants, parameters of processes, and the morphology of products, with a division of the microwave synthesis of ZnO NMs into three primary groups, namely hydrothermal, solvothermal, and hybrid methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Wojnarowicz
- Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sokolowska 29/37, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland; (T.C.); (W.L.)
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Alam MM, Asiri AM, Uddin MT, Rahman MM, Islam MA. An alternative electrochemical approach for toluene detection with ZnO/MgO/Cr2O3 nanofibers on a glassy carbon electrode for environmental monitoring. RSC Adv 2020; 10:44641-44653. [PMID: 35516258 PMCID: PMC9058479 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08577d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In situ fabrication of a sensitive electrochemical sensor using a wet-chemically prepared ternary ZnO/MgO/Cr2O3 nanofiber (NF)-decorated glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with Nafion adhesive was the approach of this study. The resultant NFs were characterized by various tools, such as powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis, and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV/Vis). The analytical parameters of the proposed toluene sensor were characterized as follows: good sensitivity (23.89 μA μM−1 cm−2), a lower limit of detection (LOD; 95.59 ± 1.5 pM), a limit of quantification (LOQ; 318.63 ± 2.0 pM), efficient response time (18 s), and the dynamic range (LDR) for toluene detection of 0.1 nM–0.01 mM. The real-time application of the sensor is to protect the environmental ecosystem, as well as the public health from the harmful effects of toluene. In an environmental application, the toluene sensor exhibited good reproducibility, robustness, LOD, LOQ, and good reliability, which are discussed in detail and compared to the literature. In situ fabrication of a sensitive electrochemical toluene sensor probe using wet-chemically prepared ternary ZnO/MgO/Cr2O3 nanofiber (NF)-decorated glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with Nafion adhesive was the approach of this study.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- M. M. Alam
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Polymer Science
- Shahjalal University of Science and Technology
- Sylhet 3100
- Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah M. Asiri
- Department of Chemistry
- King Abdulaziz University
- Faculty of Science
- Jeddah 21589
- Saudi Arabia
| | - M. T. Uddin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Polymer Science
- Shahjalal University of Science and Technology
- Sylhet 3100
- Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed M. Rahman
- Department of Chemistry
- King Abdulaziz University
- Faculty of Science
- Jeddah 21589
- Saudi Arabia
| | - M. A. Islam
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Polymer Science
- Shahjalal University of Science and Technology
- Sylhet 3100
- Bangladesh
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Zabihi E, Majidi HJ, Pasarvi SK, Shahrampour D, Goudarzi A, Khomeiri M, Hajiabdolrasouli M, Babaei A. Fabrication and Characterization of Polyethylene Nanocomposite Films Containing Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Nanoparticles Synthesized by a Cost-Effective and Safe Method. J MACROMOL SCI B 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2018.1507157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Erfan Zabihi
- Polymer Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Golestan University, Gorgan, I. R. Iran
| | - Hoomaan Joz Majidi
- Polymer Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Golestan University, Gorgan, I. R. Iran
| | - Sina Kazemi Pasarvi
- Polymer Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Golestan University, Gorgan, I. R. Iran
| | - Dina Shahrampour
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, I. R. Iran
| | - Alireza Goudarzi
- Polymer Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Golestan University, Gorgan, I. R. Iran
| | - Morteza Khomeiri
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, I. R. Iran
| | - Mehdi Hajiabdolrasouli
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Hormozagn, Bandar-Abbas, I. R. Iran
| | - Amir Babaei
- Polymer Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Golestan University, Gorgan, I. R. Iran
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High performance and low temperature coal mine gas sensor activated by UV-irradiation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16298. [PMID: 30389993 PMCID: PMC6214939 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34707-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, well-aligned vertical ZnO nanorod (ZnO NRs) on p-type Si substrate was fabricated by a microwave-assisted hydrothermal reactor to study the coal mine methane (CMM) gas sensing properties. The XRD diffraction peaks and Raman spectra of the ZnO NRs confirmed the hexagonal wurtzite structure with strong preferential orientation along the c axis and well crystal quality. SEM analysis showed NRs with 100 nm average diameter and ~600 nm length. The variations of the sensor electrical resistance in the presence of CMM were investigated at different gas concentrations and various temperatures in the dark and under UV light. The selectivity and response time of the sensor to CMM gas were improved under UV irradiation. The optimal operating temperatures were 225 °C and 100 °C in dark and exposing UV-irradiation, respectively. Also the response of ZnO NRs sensor under UV excitation in humid condition was higher. The sensor was more selective to CMM than CO2. The sensor stability was considered by repeating CMM detection for 90 days.
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Mohamed Jaffer Sadiq M, Mutyala S, Mathiyarasu J, Krishna Bhat D. RGO/ZnWO 4 /Fe 3 O 4 nanocomposite as an efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hosseinian A, Sheybanifard Z, Mahjoub AR. Investigation of pH effect on the hydrothermal synthesis of highly efficient ZnO nanostructures as photocatalyst. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/15533174.2016.1186042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akram Hosseinian
- Department of Engineering Science, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Reza Mahjoub
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Anbuvannan M, Ramesh M, Viruthagiri G, Shanmugam N, Kannadasan N. Synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic activity of ZnO nanoparticles prepared by biological method. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 143:304-308. [PMID: 25756552 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.01.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Zinc oxide have been produced via a simple green method from zinc nitrate and leaf extract aqueous solutions. Prepared ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) were investigated by employing through UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS), photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), field emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM), respectively. The present investigation, confirmed the estimated band gap 3.51eV and the PL intensity at 402nm in visible region are dependent upon the geometrical shape and size of the ZnO NPs. The TEM micrograph and XRD pattern confirmed the hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO NPs. The presence of functional groups and the chemical bonding are confirmed by FTIR spectra. EDS shows that the highly pure ZnO nanostructures. Moreover, the catalytic activity of synthesized ZnO in the reduction of methylene blue was studied by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The effects of process conditions on the morphology and size of ZnO have been found from FE-SEM and TEM analyses, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Anbuvannan
- Department of Physics, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Ramesh
- Department of Physics, Physics Wing (DDE), Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608002, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - G Viruthagiri
- Department of Physics, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Shanmugam
- Department of Physics, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Kannadasan
- Department of Physics, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608002, Tamil Nadu, India
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12
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A Quick Process for Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles with the Aid of Microwave Irradiation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/497873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Reaction between sodium hydroxide and zinc acetate leads to the formation of zinc hydroxide, Zn(OH)2. The as-prepared Zn(OH)2 was then decomposed by using conventional heating process or with the aid of microwave irradiation. The nanoproducts of both methods were ZnO nanostructures of different size and shape, but the microwave irradiation method shows many advantages in yield and reaction time. Some surfactants such as SDS, CTAB, or PVP were then used to cap the product for studying the influence on the morphology and properties of the nanostructures.
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13
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Zhu X, Hang Q. Microscopical and physical characterization of microwave and microwave-hydrothermal synthesis products. Micron 2013; 44:21-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Facile and Clean Solution Synthesis of Large-Scale ZnO Nanorods Assisted with Aliquat 336. J CHEM-NY 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/409639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A facile and clean fabrication of large-scale ZnO nanorods assisted with Aliquat 336 using aqueous chemical method is reported. As prepared, samples were characterized using XRD, EDS, SEM, TEM, and HRTEM. The optical properties were measured by Raman spectroscopy and room temperature photoluminescence spectra.
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Moghri Moazzen MA, Borghei SM, Taleshi F. Change in the morphology of ZnO nanoparticles upon changing the reactant concentration. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-012-0147-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Baghbanzadeh M, Škapin SD, Orel ZC, Kappe CO. A Critical Assessment of the Specific Role of Microwave Irradiation in the Synthesis of ZnO Micro- and Nanostructured Materials. Chemistry 2012; 18:5724-31. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201103548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Devaraj R, Karthikeyan K, Jeyasubramanian K. Synthesis and properties of ZnO nanorods by modified Pechini process. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-012-0072-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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KHAN ZISHANH, ISLAMUDDIN, KUMAR RAVIK, SALAH NUMAN, HABIB SAMI, EL-HAMIDY SMABDALLAH, RAFAT M, HUSAIN M. OPTICAL AND ELECTRICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ZnO THIN FILM. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219581x10007083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The optical and electrical studies on ZnO thin film are reported. Thin film of ZnO is deposited on glass substrate by physical vapor deposition method. In this method, Zn powder is evaporated at a temperature of 400°C in the presence of oxygen and argon gases, and the resulting ZnO is deposited on the glass substrate which is kept at liquid nitrogen temperature. The crystallinity of this ZnO film is studied using XRD technique. The XRD pattern suggests that the nature of this film is polycrystalline. The prominent peaks observed at 31.78, 34.34, 36.18, and 56.32 correspond to the (100), (002), (101), and (110) planes, confirming the formation of hexagonal zinc oxide phase (JCPD 36-1451 for wurtzite zinc oxide). The XRD spectrum very clearly demonstrates that the film deposited in oxygen atmosphere has a dominant (101) orientation. The d hkl values are estimated for this as-deposited ZnO thin-film. It is observed that these calculated values in close agreement with the reported d hkl values for ZnO . Debye–Scherrer equation is used to estimate the size of these nanoparticles. It is found that size estimated by Debye–Scherrer equation agrees well with the size observed by TEM images. It is clear from the transmission electron microscope (TEM) images that the film contains nanoparticles of ZnO and the diameter of these nanoparticles varies from 5–20 nm. In optical properties, the UV visible spectrum of these nanoparticles is recorded in the wavelength range (300–900 nm). The absorption coefficient increases exponentially with the increase in photon energy. The direct optical band gap is calculated which comes out to be 3.54 eV. The value of Urbach energy (E U ) is also calculated using the slope of the plot ln α versus photon energy and it comes out to be 805.8 meV. For electrical properties, the DC conductivity of ZnO film deposited on glass substrate is measured in the temperature range of 450–300 K. On the basis of temperature dependence of DC conductivity of ZnO film, it is suggested that the conduction takes place via thermally activated process.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZISHAN H. KHAN
- Center of Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - ISLAMUDDIN
- Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - RAVI K. KUMAR
- Department of Physics, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - NUMAN SALAH
- Center of Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - SAMI HABIB
- Center of Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - S. M. ABDALLAH EL-HAMIDY
- Microscopy Unit, Biological Sciences Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M. RAFAT
- Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - M. HUSAIN
- Department of Physics, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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Mikrowellen-unterstützte Synthese von kolloidalen anorganischen Nanokristallen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201101274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Baghbanzadeh M, Carbone L, Cozzoli PD, Kappe CO. Microwave-assisted synthesis of colloidal inorganic nanocrystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:11312-59. [PMID: 22058070 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201101274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Colloidal inorganic nanocrystals stand out as an important class of advanced nanomaterials owing to the flexibility with which their physical-chemical properties can be controlled through size, shape, and compositional engineering in the synthesis stage and the versatility with which they can be implemented into technological applications in fields as diverse as optoelectronics, energy conversion/production, catalysis, and biomedicine. The use of microwave irradiation as a non-classical energy source has become increasingly popular in the preparation of nanocrystals (which generally involves complex and time-consuming processing of molecular precursors in the presence of solvents, ligands and/or surfactants at elevated temperatures). Similar to its now widespread use in organic chemistry, the efficiency of "microwave flash heating" in dramatically reducing overall processing times is one of the main advantages associated with this technique. This Review illustrates microwave-assisted methods that have been developed to synthesize colloidal inorganic nanocrystals and critically evaluates the specific roles that microwave irradiation may play in the formation of these nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Baghbanzadeh
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Microwave Chemistry and Institute of Chemistry, Karl-Franzens University Graz, Graz, Austria
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21
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Maiti M, Vaghasia A, Jasra RV. Low-temperature synthesis of nano-to-submicron size organo-zinc oxide and its effect on properties of polybutadiene rubber. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.35306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Kathalingam A, Chae YS, Rhee JK. Synthesis of multi-linked ZnO rods by microwave heating. CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.201100097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Song JK, Zheng MB, Yang ZJ, Chen HQ, Wang HY, Liu JS, Ji GB, Zhang HQ, Cao JM. Synthesis of Novel Flower-Like Zn(OH)F via a Microwave-Assisted Ionic Liquid Route and Transformation into Nanoporous ZnO by Heat Treatment. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2009; 4:1512-1516. [PMID: 20651922 PMCID: PMC2893771 DOI: 10.1007/s11671-009-9428-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Accepted: 08/19/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Zinc hydroxide fluoride (Zn(OH)F) with novel flower-like morphology has been prepared via a microwave-assisted ionic liquid route. The flower-like Zn(OH)F particle has six petals and every petal is composed of lots of acicular nano-structure. Nanoporous ZnO is obtained by thermal decomposition of as-prepared Zn(OH)F in air, and the flower-like morphology is well retained. In the process of synthesis, ionic liquid 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate is used as both the reactant and the template.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Kui Song
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China.
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Yan C, Liu J, Liu F, Wu J, Gao K, Xue D. Tube Formation in Nanoscale Materials. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2008; 3:473-80. [PMID: 20592945 PMCID: PMC2893443 DOI: 10.1007/s11671-008-9193-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2008] [Accepted: 10/17/2008] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The formation of tubular nanostructures normally requires layered, anisotropic, or pseudo-layered crystal structures, while inorganic compounds typically do not possess such structures, inorganic nanotubes thus have been a hot topic in the past decade. In this article, we review recent research activities on nanotubes fabrication and focus on three novel synthetic strategies for generating nanotubes from inorganic materials that do not have a layered structure. Specifically, thermal oxidation method based on gas-solid reaction to porous CuO nanotubes has been successfully established, semiconductor ZnS and Nb(2)O(5) nanotubes have been prepared by employing sacrificial template strategy based on liquid-solid reaction, and an in situ template method has been developed for the preparation of ZnO taper tubes through a chemical etching reaction. We have described the nanotube formation processes and illustrated the detailed key factors during their growth. The proposed mechanisms are presented for nanotube fabrication and the important pioneering studies are discussed on the rational design and fabrication of functional materials with tubular structures. It is the intention of this contribution to provide a brief account of these research activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116012, China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116012, China
| | - Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116012, China
| | - Junshu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116012, China
| | - Kun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116012, China
| | - Dongfeng Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116012, China
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