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Dzhagan V, Mazur N, Kapush O, Skoryk M, Pirko Y, Yemets A, Dzhahan V, Shepeliavyi P, Valakh M, Yukhymchuk V. Self-Organized SERS Substrates with Efficient Analyte Enrichment in the Hot Spots. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:4819-4830. [PMID: 38313516 PMCID: PMC10832017 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
One of the requirements of an efficient surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrate is a developed surface morphology with a high density of "hot spots", nm-scale spacings between plasmonic nanoparticles. Of particular interest are plasmonic architectures that could enable self-localization (enrichment) of the analyte in the hot spots. We report a straightforward method of fabrication of efficient SERS substrates that comply with these requirements. The basis of the substrate is a large-area film of tightly packed SiO2 spheres formed by their quick self-assembling upon drop casting from the solution. Thermally evaporated thin Ag layer is converted by quick thermal annealing into nanoparticles (NPs) self-assembled in the trenches between the silica spheres, i.e., in the places where the analyte molecules get localized upon deposition from solution and drying. Therefore, the obtained substrate morphology enables an efficient enrichment of the analyte in the hot spots formed by the densely arranged plasmonic NPs. The high efficiency of the developed SERS substrates is demonstrated by the detection of Rhodamine 6G down to 10-13 mol/L with an enhancement factor of ∼108, as well as the detection of low concentrations of various nonresonant analytes, both small dye molecules and large biomolecules. The developed approach to SERS substrates is very straightforward for implementation and can be further extended to using gold or other plasmonic NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr Dzhagan
- V.
Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductors Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv 03028, Ukraine
- Physics
Department, Taras Shevchenko National University
of Kyiv, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
| | - Nazar Mazur
- V.
Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductors Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv 03028, Ukraine
| | - Olga Kapush
- V.
Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductors Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv 03028, Ukraine
| | - Mykola Skoryk
- G. V.
Kurdyumov Institute for Metal Physics, National
Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv 03142, Ukraine
| | - Yaroslav Pirko
- Institute
of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, National
Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv 04123, Ukraine
| | - Alla Yemets
- Institute
of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, National
Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv 04123, Ukraine
| | - Vladyslav Dzhahan
- Physics
Department, Taras Shevchenko National University
of Kyiv, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
| | - Petro Shepeliavyi
- V.
Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductors Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv 03028, Ukraine
| | - Mykhailo Valakh
- V.
Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductors Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv 03028, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Yukhymchuk
- V.
Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductors Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv 03028, Ukraine
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Shabunya-Klyachkovskaya EV, Kulakovich OS, Gaponenko SV. Surface enhanced Raman scattering of inorganic microcrystalline art pigments for systematic cultural heritage studies. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 222:117235. [PMID: 31200267 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present work summarizes our experimental data on Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of inorganic pigments. The effect of pigment type on Raman scattering enhancement was studied. The paper also describes the features of the SERS-active substrates used as well as the methods of sample preparation for SERS analysis of the pigments. The results of successful application of SERS and micro-SERS for art pigments identification in the canvas paintings and icons have been demonstrated. The techniques allowed us to clearly identify the composition of blue and green paint layers as well as grounds in the nine artworks. This lead to determination of the lower time limit of work creation, to dating of the restoration interventions, to distinguish red ochers from two different deposit sources of raw mineral. The enhancement of Raman scattering intensities allows to reduce significantly the amount of the sample being taken from artwork (up to 1 μg).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - O S Kulakovich
- B. I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220072 Minsk, Belarus.
| | - S V Gaponenko
- B. I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220072 Minsk, Belarus
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Beketov GV, Shynkarenko OV, Yukhymchuk VO. Optical arrangement for surface plasmon-assisted directional enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 219:488-495. [PMID: 31077952 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present an optical arrangement for spectroscopy of enhanced Raman scattering assisted by surface plasmon resonance in continuous planar metallic films. Optical excitation of propagating surface plasmons (PSP) is aided by the hemispherical total internal reflectance prism in the Kretschmann geometry. In this geometry, the radiation produced by Raman scattering is directionally emitted inside the prism with the angular distribution in the shape of a hollow cone (the Kretschmann cone). The proposed configuration enables entire collection of the Kretschmann cone with the use of an elliptical mirror modified for enlarging the accessible angular range for both the incident beam and the scattered light. The spectroscopic performance of this arrangement was evaluated using the Rhodamine 6G dye as a surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) reporter. An evident difference in magnitudes of the enhancement factor for specific spectral lines as compared to SERS excitation by localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR-SERS) was revealed. The origin of this difference is discussed in terms of expected distinctions between the PSP-assisted directional enhanced Raman scattering and the LSPR-SERS. Besides the spectroscopic applications, the proposed arrangement is also perfectly suited for simultaneous functioning as the SPR sensor. Integration of SERS spectroscopy with the SPR analysis shows promise as a platform for evolving an innovative analytical technique with enhanced potentialities in surface research, particularly in biochemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennadii V Beketov
- V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics of National Academy of Sciences (NAS) of Ukraine, 41 pr. Nauky, 03028 Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - Olena V Shynkarenko
- V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics of National Academy of Sciences (NAS) of Ukraine, 41 pr. Nauky, 03028 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr O Yukhymchuk
- V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics of National Academy of Sciences (NAS) of Ukraine, 41 pr. Nauky, 03028 Kyiv, Ukraine.
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Gillibert R, Huang JQ, Zhang Y, Fu WL, Lamy de la Chapelle M. Explosive detection by Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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5
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Milekhin AG, Sveshnikova LL, Duda TA, Rodyakina EE, Dzhagan VM, Gordan OD, Veber SL, Himcinschi C, Latyshev AV, Zahn DRT. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering by colloidal CdSe nanocrystal submonolayers fabricated by the Langmuir-Blodgett technique. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 6:2388-95. [PMID: 26734529 PMCID: PMC4685798 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.6.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We present the results of an investigation of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) by optical phonons in colloidal CdSe nanocrystals (NCs) homogeneously deposited on both arrays of Au nanoclusters and Au dimers using the Langmuir-Blodgett technique. The coverage of the deposited NCs was less than one monolayer, as determined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. SERS by optical phonons in CdSe nanocrystals showed a significant enhancement that depends resonantly on the Au nanocluster and dimer size, and thus on the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) energy. The deposition of CdSe nanocrystals on the Au dimer nanocluster arrays enabled us to study the polarization dependence of SERS. The maximal SERS signal was observed for light polarization parallel to the dimer axis. The polarization ratio of the SERS signal parallel and perpendicular to the dimer axis was 20. The SERS signal intensity was also investigated as a function of the distance between nanoclusters in a dimer. Here the maximal SERS enhancement was observed for the minimal distance studied (about 10 nm), confirming the formation of SERS "hot spots".
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G Milekhin
- A.V. Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, pr. Lavrentieva 13, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogov str. 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Larisa L Sveshnikova
- A.V. Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, pr. Lavrentieva 13, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Tatyana A Duda
- A.V. Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, pr. Lavrentieva 13, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Ekaterina E Rodyakina
- A.V. Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, pr. Lavrentieva 13, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogov str. 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Volodymyr M Dzhagan
- Semiconductor Physics, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Ovidiu D Gordan
- Semiconductor Physics, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Sergey L Veber
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogov str. 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Cameliu Himcinschi
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, 09596 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Alexander V Latyshev
- A.V. Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, pr. Lavrentieva 13, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogov str. 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Dietrich R T Zahn
- Semiconductor Physics, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
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Piliugina ES, Heisler F, Chervinskii SD, Samusev AK, Lipovskii AA. Control of surface plasmon resonance in out-diffused silver nanoislands for surface-enhanced Raman scattering. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/661/1/012034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Peng P, Hu A, Gerlich AP, Zou G, Liu L, Zhou YN. Joining of Silver Nanomaterials at Low Temperatures: Processes, Properties, and Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:12597-12618. [PMID: 26005792 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b02134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A review is provided, which first considers low-temperature diffusion bonding with silver nanomaterials as filler materials via thermal sintering for microelectronic applications, and then other recent innovations in low-temperature joining are discussed. The theoretical background and transition of applications from micro to nanoparticle (NP) pastes based on joining using silver filler materials and nanojoining mechanisms are elucidated. The mechanical and electrical properties of sintered silver nanomaterial joints at low temperatures are discussed in terms of the key influencing factors, such as porosity and coverage of substrates, parameters for the sintering processes, and the size and shape of nanomaterials. Further, the use of sintered silver nanomaterials for printable electronics and as robust surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrates by exploiting their optical properties is also considered. Other low-temperature nanojoining strategies such as optical welding of silver nanowires (NWs) through a plasmonic heating effect by visible light irradiation, ultrafast laser nanojoining, and ion-activated joining of silver NPs using ionic solvents are also summarized. In addition, pressure-driven joining of silver NWs with large plastic deformation and self-joining of gold or silver NWs via oriented attachment of clean and activated surfaces are summarized. Finally, at the end of this review, the future outlook for joining applications with silver nanomaterials is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anming Hu
- §Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Tennessee, 1512 Middle Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-2210, United States
| | | | - Guisheng Zou
- ∥Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Lei Liu
- ∥Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Y Norman Zhou
- ∥Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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Milekhin AG, Yeryukov NA, Sveshnikova LL, Duda TA, Rodyakina EE, Gridchin VA, Sheremet ES, Zahn DRT. Combination of surface- and interference-enhanced Raman scattering by CuS nanocrystals on nanopatterned Au structures. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 6:749-54. [PMID: 25977845 PMCID: PMC4419689 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.6.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We present the results of a Raman study of optical phonons in CuS nanocrystals (NCs) with a low areal density fabricated through the Langmuir-Blodgett technology on nanopatterned Au nanocluster arrays using a combination of surface- and interference-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS and IERS, respectively). Micro-Raman spectra of one monolayer of CuS NCs deposited on a bare Si substrate reveal only features corresponding to crystalline Si. However, a new relatively strong peak occurs in the Raman spectrum of CuS NCs on Au nanocluster arrays at 474 cm(-1). This feature is related to the optical phonon mode in CuS NCs and manifests the SERS effect. For CuS NCs deposited on a SiO2 layer this phonon mode is also observed due to the IERS effect. Its intensity changes periodically with increasing SiO2 layer thickness for different laser excitation lines and is enhanced by a factor of about 30. CuS NCs formed on Au nanocluster arrays fabricated on IERS substrates combine the advantages of SERS and IERS and demonstrate stronger SERS enhancement allowing for the observation of Raman signals from CuS NCs with an ultra-low areal density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G Milekhin
- A. V. Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, pr. Lavrentieva, 13, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogov str. 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Nikolay A Yeryukov
- A. V. Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, pr. Lavrentieva, 13, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogov str. 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Larisa L Sveshnikova
- A. V. Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, pr. Lavrentieva, 13, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Tatyana A Duda
- A. V. Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, pr. Lavrentieva, 13, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Ekaterina E Rodyakina
- A. V. Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, pr. Lavrentieva, 13, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogov str. 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Victor A Gridchin
- A. V. Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, pr. Lavrentieva, 13, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, pr. Karl Marx, 20, Novosibirsk, 630092, Russia
| | - Evgeniya S Sheremet
- A. V. Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, pr. Lavrentieva, 13, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Semiconductor Physics, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Dietrich R T Zahn
- A. V. Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, pr. Lavrentieva, 13, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Semiconductor Physics, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
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Londero PS, Lombardi JR, Leona M. Laser Ablation Surface-Enhanced Raman Microspectroscopy. Anal Chem 2013; 85:5463-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac400440c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo S. Londero
- Department of Scientific Research, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1000 Fifth Avenue,
New York, New York 10028, United States
| | - John R. Lombardi
- Department of Chemistry, The City College of New York, 138th Street at Convent
Avenue, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Marco Leona
- Department of Scientific Research, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1000 Fifth Avenue,
New York, New York 10028, United States
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Rumyantseva A, Kostcheev S, Adam PM, Gaponenko SV, Vaschenko SV, Kulakovich OS, Ramanenka AA, Guzatov DV, Korbutyak D, Dzhagan V, Stroyuk A, Shvalagin V. Nonresonant surface-enhanced Raman scattering of ZnO quantum dots with Au and Ag nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2013; 7:3420-3426. [PMID: 23464800 DOI: 10.1021/nn400307a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Pronounced 10(4)-fold enhancement of Raman scattering has been obtained for ZnO nanocrystals on substrates coated with 50 nm Ag nanoparticles under nonresonant excitation with a commercial red-emitting laser. This makes feasible beyond 10(-18) mole detection of ZnO nanocrystals with a commercial setup using a 0.1 mW continuous wave laser and can be purposefully used in analytical applications where conjugated nanocrystals serve as Raman markers. For Au-coated surfaces the enhancement is much lower and the heating effects in the course of Raman experiments are pronounced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rumyantseva
- Université de Technologie de Troyes, 12 Rue Marie-Curie BP 2060, 10010 Troyes Cedex, France
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Gao T, Xu Z, Fang F, Gao W, Zhang Q, Xu X. High performance surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrates of Si-based Au film developed by focused ion beam nanofabrication. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2012; 7:399. [PMID: 22804810 PMCID: PMC3502558 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-7-399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A novel method with high flexibility and efficiency for developing SERS substrates is proposed by patterning nanostructures on Si substrates using focused ion beam direct writing (FIBDW) technology following with precise thermal evaporation of gold film on the substrate. The effect of SERS on the substrate was systematically investigated by optimizing the processing parameters and the gold film thickness. The results proved that small dwell time could improve the machining accuracy and obtain smaller nanogap. The Raman-enhanced performance of the substrate was investigated with 10-6mol/L Rhodamine 6 G solution. It was indicated that the elliptic nanostructures with 15-nm spacing on Si substrates, coated with approximately 15-nm thick gold film, have exhibited a high-enhanced performance, but dramatic performance degradation was found as the gold film thickness further increased, which most probably resulted from changes of the nanostructures' morphology such as elliptical tip and spacing. To avoid the morphological changes effectively after depositing gold film, optimization design of the nanostructures for FIBDW on Si substrates was proposed. Besides, a similar phenomenon was found when the gold film was less than 15nm because there was little gold remaining on the substrate. The method proposed in this paper shows a great potential for the higher performance SERS substrates development, which can further reduce the spacing between hot spots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Centre of MicroNano Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zongwei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Centre of MicroNano Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Tianjin MicroNano Manufacturing Tech. Co., Ltd, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Fengzhou Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Centre of MicroNano Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Tianjin MicroNano Manufacturing Tech. Co., Ltd, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Wenlong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Centre of MicroNano Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Centre of MicroNano Manufacturing Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Xu
- Institute of Physics, Nankai University, Nankai, Tianjin, 300071, China
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Hao J, Han MJ, Xu Z, Li J, Meng X. Fabrication and evolution of multilayer silver nanofilms for surface-enhanced Raman scattering sensing of arsenate. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2011; 6:263. [PMID: 21711772 PMCID: PMC3211326 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-6-263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has recently been investigated extensively for chemical and biomolecular sensing. Multilayer silver (Ag) nanofilms deposited on glass slides by a simple electroless deposition process have been fabricated as active substrates (Ag/GL substrates) for arsenate SERS sensing. The nanostructures and layer characteristics of the multilayer Ag films could be tuned by varying the concentrations of reactants (AgNO3/BuNH2) and reaction time. A Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) double-layer was formed by directly reducing Ag+ ions on the glass surfaces, while a top layer (3rd-layer) of Ag dendrites was deposited on the double-layer by self-assembling AgNPs or AgNPs aggregates which had already formed in the suspension. The SERS spectra of arsenate showed that characteristic SERS bands of arsenate appear at approximately 780 and 420 cm-1, and the former possesses higher SERS intensity. By comparing the peak heights of the approximately 780 cm-1 band of the SERS spectra, the optimal Ag/GL substrate has been obtained for the most sensitive SERS sensing of arsenate. Using this optimal substrate, the limit of detection (LOD) of arsenate was determined to be approximately 5 μg·l-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumin Hao
- Center for Environmental Systems, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
| | - Mei-Juan Han
- Center for Environmental Systems, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
| | - Zhonghou Xu
- Center for Environmental Systems, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
| | - Jinwei Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
| | - Xiaoguang Meng
- Center for Environmental Systems, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
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