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Frias-Toral E, Chapela S, Gonzalez V, Martinuzzi A, Locatelli J, Llobera N, Manrique E, Sarno G, Mingo M, Marchese F, Cuomo R, Romaniello L, Perna M, Giordano A, Santella B, Schiavo L. Optimizing Nutritional Management Before and After Bariatric Surgery: A Comprehensive Guide for Sustained Weight Loss and Metabolic Health. Nutrients 2025; 17:688. [PMID: 40005017 PMCID: PMC11858815 DOI: 10.3390/nu17040688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2025] [Revised: 01/24/2025] [Accepted: 02/12/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with multiple comorbidities that contribute to increased mortality among affected individuals. There are multiple treatments for this condition, including nutritional interventions, pharmacological therapies, and surgical procedures. Within these, bariatric surgery is an effective treatment option that requires a multidisciplinary approach, both before and after surgery. Nutritional management prior to surgery aims to achieve metabolic control and reduce comorbidities associated with the procedure. Postoperative nutritional management focuses on preventing complications, ensuring adequate nourishment, and providing necessary supplementation for optimal recovery and long-term success. This narrative review examines all these critical aspects of nutritional management in bariatric surgery, including preoperative nutrition, postoperative nutrition and physical activity recommendation, different nutritional aspects according to the type of bariatric surgery, and future directions for investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Frias-Toral
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón 0901952, Ecuador;
| | - Sebastián Chapela
- Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina;
- Unidad de Soporte Nutricional, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1280AEB, Argentina;
| | - Victoria Gonzalez
- Unidad de Soporte Metabólico y Nutricional, Sanatorio Allende, Córdoba X5000BFB, Argentina;
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Córdoba X5000IYG, Argentina
| | - Andres Martinuzzi
- Unidad de Soporte Nutricional, Sanatorio Rio Negro, Rio Negro R8500BAD, Argentina;
- Asuntos Profesionales y Educación, Fresenius Kabi Argentina, Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1428AAU, Argentina
| | - Julieta Locatelli
- Instituto Alexander Fleming, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1426ANZ, Argentina;
| | - Natalia Llobera
- Unidad de Soporte Nutricional, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1280AEB, Argentina;
| | - Ezequiel Manrique
- Unidad de Soporte Nutricional, Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba, Córdoba X5016KEH, Argentina;
- Nutrihome S.A., Ciudad de Buenos Aires C1428AAI, Argentina
| | - Gerardo Sarno
- Scuola Medica Salernitana, “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’Aragona” University Hospital, 84131 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Monica Mingo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (M.M.); (F.M.); (R.C.); (L.R.); (M.P.); (A.G.); (B.S.)
| | - Federica Marchese
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (M.M.); (F.M.); (R.C.); (L.R.); (M.P.); (A.G.); (B.S.)
| | - Raffaele Cuomo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (M.M.); (F.M.); (R.C.); (L.R.); (M.P.); (A.G.); (B.S.)
| | - Ludovica Romaniello
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (M.M.); (F.M.); (R.C.); (L.R.); (M.P.); (A.G.); (B.S.)
| | - Martina Perna
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (M.M.); (F.M.); (R.C.); (L.R.); (M.P.); (A.G.); (B.S.)
| | - Annalisa Giordano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (M.M.); (F.M.); (R.C.); (L.R.); (M.P.); (A.G.); (B.S.)
| | - Biagio Santella
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (M.M.); (F.M.); (R.C.); (L.R.); (M.P.); (A.G.); (B.S.)
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Luigi Schiavo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (M.M.); (F.M.); (R.C.); (L.R.); (M.P.); (A.G.); (B.S.)
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy
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Galyean S, Sawant D, Shin AC. Immunometabolism, Micronutrients, and Bariatric Surgery: The Use of Transcriptomics and Microbiota-Targeted Therapies. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:8862034. [PMID: 33281501 PMCID: PMC7685844 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8862034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with the gut microbiota and decreased micronutrient status. Bariatric surgery is a recommended therapy for obesity. It can positively affect the composition of the gut bacteria but also disrupt absorption of nutrients. Low levels of micronutrients can affect metabolic processes, like glycolysis, TCA cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation, that are associated with the immune system also known as immunometabolism. METHODS MEDLINE, PUBMED, and Google Scholar were searched. Articles involving gut microbiome, micronutrient deficiency, gut-targeted therapies, transcriptome analysis, micronutrient supplementation, and bariatric surgery were included. RESULTS Studies show that micronutrients play a pivotal role in the intestinal immune system and regulating immunometabolism. Research demonstrates that gut-targeting therapies may improve the microbiome health for bariatric surgery populations. There is limited research that examines the role of micronutrients in modulating the gut microbiota among the bariatric surgery population. CONCLUSIONS Investigations are needed to understand the influence that micronutrient deficiencies have on the gut, particularly immunometabolism. Nutritional transcriptomics shows great potential in providing this type of analysis to develop gut-modulating therapies as well as more personalized nutrition recommendations for bariatric surgery patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Galyean
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Dhanashree Sawant
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Andrew C. Shin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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