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Zhu L, Lou C, Zhang X, Yang F. Hg 2+-enhanced oxidase-like activity of platinum nanoparticles immobilized on porphyrin-based porous organic polymer for the colorimetric detection and removal of Hg 2. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:378. [PMID: 38853206 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06471-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Porphyrin-based porous organic polymer (POP) with uniformly immobilized platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) were designed and synthesized, and it was demonstrated that such nanocomposites (Pt/POP) have oxidase-like activity. Surprisingly, Hg2+ significantly enhanced the oxidase-like activity of Pt/POP. The enhancement was attributed to the capture of Hg2+ by the thioether group in Pt/POP and the subsequent redox reaction of Hg2+ with Pt NPs, accelerating the electron transfer. In the presence of Hg2+, Pt/POP catalyzed the colorless 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to turn blue rapidly and changed its absorbance at 652 nm. Based on this, a fast-response colorimetric sensor was constructed for the sensitive detection of Hg2+ with a linear range of 0.2-50 μM and a detection limit of 36.5 nM. Importantly, Pt/POP can be used as an adsorbent for the efficient removal of Hg2+ with a removal efficiency as high as 99.4%. This work provides a valuable strategy for colorimetric detection and efficient removal of Hg2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqin Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250000, Shandong, China
| | - Congcong Lou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250000, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250000, Shandong, China
| | - Fei Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250000, Shandong, China.
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Wei D, Lv S, Zuo J, Liang S, Wang J, He T, Liu L. Fabrication of chitosan-based fluorescent hydrogel membranes cross-linked with bisbenzaldehyde for efficient selective detection and adsorption of Fe 2. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132088. [PMID: 38723821 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Chitosan, as a natural biomass material, is green, recyclable, sustainable and well biocompatible. The molecular chain is rich in active groups such as amino and hydroxyl groups, and its preparation of fluorescent probes has the advantages of biocompatibility and efficient detection performance. In this study, a bis(benzaldehyde) (BHD) fluorescent functional molecule was designed. Then a series of fluorescent chitosan-based hydrogel films (CSBHD) were prepared using chitosan as raw material and BHD as cross-linking agent. As a fluorescent probe for metal ions, CSBHD was able to efficiently detect Fe2+ with a linear correlation of fluorescence intensity in the range of 0-160 μM, and the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.55 μM. Moreover, it has excellent adsorption performance for Fe2+ ions, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 223.5 g/mg at 500 mg/L Fe2+ concentration. Finally, we characterised the structure and microscopic morphology of CSBHD films and found that CSBHD as a hydrogel film has a high cross-linking density, good water resistance, excellent thermal stability, strong resistance to swelling, and excellent stability in cycling tests. Hence, it has great potential for application in adsorption and detection of Fe2+ ions. It also provides a good strategy for the application of chitosan based fluorescent probe materials in environmental monitoring and heavy metal ion adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dequan Wei
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Shenghua Lv
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Jingjing Zuo
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Shan Liang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Jialin Wang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Tingxiang He
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Leipeng Liu
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
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Paun MA, Paun VA, Paun VP. Acoustic Fractional Propagation in Terms of Porous Xerogel and Fractal Parameters. Gels 2024; 10:83. [PMID: 38275857 PMCID: PMC10815917 DOI: 10.3390/gels10010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This article portrays solid xerogel-type materials, based on chitosan, TEGylated phenothiazine, and TEG (tri-ethylene glycol), dotted with a large number of pores, that are effectively represented in their constitutive structure. They were assumed to be fractal geometrical entities and adjudged as such. The acoustic fractional propagation equation in a fractal porous media was successfully applied and solved with the help of Bessel functions. In addition, the fractal character was demonstrated by the produced fractal analysis, and it has been proven on the evaluated scanning electron microscopy (SEM) pictures of porous xerogel compounds. The fractal parameters (more precisely, the fractal dimension), the lacunarity, and the Hurst index were calculated with great accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Alexandra Paun
- Division Radio Monitoring and Equipment, Section Market Access and Conformity, Federal Office of Communications (OFCOM), 2501 Bienne, Switzerland
| | | | - Viorel-Puiu Paun
- Physics Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 50085 Bucharest, Romania
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Paun MA, Paun VA, Paun VP. Mercury Bonding to Xerogel: The Interface Fractal Dynamics of the Interaction between Two Complex Systems. Gels 2023; 9:670. [PMID: 37623125 PMCID: PMC10453756 DOI: 10.3390/gels9080670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study describes novel solid substances founded on chitosan and TEGylated phenothiazine that have a high ability for hydrargyrum recovery from watery liquid solutions. These compounds were taken into account, consisting of two distinct entity interactions inside of the classic fractal dynamics conjecture of an "interface". They were assimilated through fractal-type mathematical objects and judged as such. The bi-stable behavior of two fractally connected objects was demonstrated both numerically and graphically. The fractal character was demonstrated by the fractal analysis made using SEM images of the xerogel compounds with interstitial fixed hydrargyrum. For the first time, SEM helped to verify such samples from two distinct bodies, with the multifractal parameter values being listed in continuation. The fractal dimension of the rectangular mask is D1 = 1.604 ± 0.2798, the fractal dimension of the square mask is D2 = 1.596 ± 0.0460, and the lacunarity is 0.0402.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Alexandra Paun
- Division Radio Monitoring and Equipment, Section Market Access and Conformity, Federal Office of Communications (OFCOM), 2501 Bienne, Switzerland
| | | | - Viorel-Puiu Paun
- Physics Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 50085 Bucharest, Romania
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Paun MA, Nichita MV, Paun VA, Paun VP. Fractal Analysis of Four Xerogels Based on TEGylated Phenothiazine and Chitosan. Gels 2023; 9:435. [PMID: 37367106 DOI: 10.3390/gels9060435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The present article describes novel massive materials (in the solid phase) based on TEGylated phenothiazine and chitosan that possess great capability to recover mercury ions from constituent aqueous solutions. These were produced by chitosan hydrogelation accompanied by formyl subsidiary item of TEGylated phenothiazine, attended by lyophilization. The delineation and structure description of the obtained material or supramolecular assembly were realized by FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and POM (Polarized Light Optical Microscopy). The morphology of their texture was kept under observation by SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). The obtained SEM images were evaluated by fractal analysis. The fractal parameters of interest were calculated, including the fractal dimension and lacunarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Alexandra Paun
- School of Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Division Radio Monitoring and Equipment, Section Market Access and Conformity, Federal Office of Communications (OFCOM), 2501 Bienne, Switzerland
| | - Mihai-Virgil Nichita
- Doctoral School, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Viorel-Puiu Paun
- Physics Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 50085 Bucharest, Romania
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Bejan A, Marin L. Outstanding Sorption of Copper (II) Ions on Porous Phenothiazine-Imine-Chitosan Materials. Gels 2023; 9:gels9020134. [PMID: 36826303 PMCID: PMC9957313 DOI: 10.3390/gels9020134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate the ability of a solid-state material, prepared by crosslinking chitosan with a phenothiazine-based aldehyde, to remove copper (II) ions from aqueous solutions, in a fast and selective manner. The metal uptake experiments, including the retention, sensibility, and selectivity against eight different metal ions, were realized via batch adsorption studies. The capacity of the material to retain copper (II) ions was investigated by spectrophotometric measurements, using poly(ethyleneimine) complexation agent, which allowed detection in a concentration range of 5-500 µM. The forces driving the copper sorption were monitored using various methods, such as FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, SEM-EDAX technique, and optical polarized microscopy, and the adsorption kinetics were assessed by fitting the in vitro sorption data on different mathematical models. The phenothiazine-imine-chitosan material proved high ability to recover copper from aqueous media, reaching a maximum retention capacity of 4.394 g Cu (II)/g adsorbent when using a 0.5 M copper solution, which is an outstanding value compared to other chitosan-based materials reported in the literature to this date. It was concluded that the high ability of the studied xerogel to retain Cu (II) ions was the result of both physio- and chemo-sorption processes. This particular behavior was favored on one hand by the porous nature of the material and on the other hand by the presence of amine, hydroxyl, imine, and amide groups with the role of copper ligands.
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Cibotaru S, Ailincai D, Andreica BI, Cheng X, Marin L. TEGylated Phenothiazine-Imine-Chitosan Materials as a Promising Framework for Mercury Recovery. Gels 2022; 8:692. [PMID: 36354600 PMCID: PMC9689029 DOI: 10.3390/gels8110692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper reports new solid materials based on TEGylated phenothiazine and chitosan, with a high capacity to recover mercury ions from aqueous solutions. They were prepared by hydrogelation of chitosan with a formyl derivative of TEGylated phenothiazine, followed by lyophilization. Their structural and supramolecular characterization was carried out by 1H-NMR and FTIR spectroscopy, as well as X-ray diffraction and polarized light microscopy. Their morphology was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and their photophysical behaviour was examined by UV/Vis and emission spectroscopy. Swelling evaluation in different aqueous media indicated the key role played by the supramolecular organization for their hydrolytic stability. Mercury recovery experiments and the analysis of the resulting materials by X-ray diffraction and FTIR spectroscopy showed a high ability of the studied materials to bind mercury ions by coordination with the sulfur atom of phenothiazine, imine linkage, and amine units of chitosan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandu Cibotaru
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Gr. Ghica Voda Alley, 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Daniela Ailincai
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Gr. Ghica Voda Alley, 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Bianca-Iustina Andreica
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Gr. Ghica Voda Alley, 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Xinjian Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Luminita Marin
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Gr. Ghica Voda Alley, 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania
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