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Pédrono F, Boulier-Monthéan N, Boissel F, Ossemond J, Lohézic-Le Dévéhat F. The Hypotriglyceridemic Effect of Sciadonic Acid is Mediated by the Inhibition of Δ9-Desaturase Expression and Activity. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frédérique Pédrono
- Agrocampus Ouest; Rennes France
- UMR INRA 1253; Science et Technologie du Lait et de l’Œuf; équipe Bioactivité et Nutrition; Rennes France
| | - Nathalie Boulier-Monthéan
- Agrocampus Ouest; Rennes France
- UMR INRA 1253; Science et Technologie du Lait et de l’Œuf; équipe Bioactivité et Nutrition; Rennes France
| | - Françoise Boissel
- Agrocampus Ouest; Rennes France
- UMR INRA 1253; Science et Technologie du Lait et de l’Œuf; équipe Bioactivité et Nutrition; Rennes France
| | - Jordane Ossemond
- UMR INRA 1253; Science et Technologie du Lait et de l’Œuf; équipe Bioactivité et Nutrition; Rennes France
| | - Françoise Lohézic-Le Dévéhat
- UMR CNRS 6226; Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes; équipe Produits Naturels; Synthèse et Chimie Médicinale; UFR Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques; Université de Rennes 1; Rennes France
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2
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Jiao J, Zhang Y. Transgenic Biosynthesis of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: A Sustainable Biochemical Engineering Approach for Making Essential Fatty Acids in Plants and Animals. Chem Rev 2013; 113:3799-814. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300007p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Jiao
- Chronic Disease Research Institute,
Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Food Science and
Nutrition, School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang
University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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3
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Chen SJ, Huang WC, Yang TT, Lu JH, Chuang LT. Incorporation of sciadonic acid into cellular phospholipids reduces pro-inflammatory mediators in murine macrophages through NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:3687-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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4
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Eicosadienoic acid differentially modulates production of pro-inflammatory modulators in murine macrophages. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 358:85-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-0924-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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5
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Park WJ, Kothapalli KSD, Lawrence P, Tyburczy C, Brenna JT. An alternate pathway to long-chain polyunsaturates: the FADS2 gene product Delta8-desaturates 20:2n-6 and 20:3n-3. J Lipid Res 2009; 50:1195-202. [PMID: 19202133 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m800630-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian Delta6-desaturase coded by fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2; HSA11q12-q13.1) catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step for the biosynthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. FADS2 is known to act on at least five substrates, and we hypothesized that the FADS2 gene product would have Delta8-desaturase activity. Saccharomyces cerevisiae transformed with a FADS2 construct from baboon neonate liver cDNA gained the function to desaturate 11,14-eicosadienoic acid (20:2n-6) and 11,14,17-eicosatrienoic acid (20:3n-3) to yield 20:3n-6 and 20:4n-3, respectively. Competition experiments indicate that Delta8-desaturation favors activity toward 20:3n-3 over 20:2n-6 by 3-fold. Similar experiments show that Delta6-desaturase activity is favored over Delta8-desaturase activity by 7-fold and 23-fold for n-6 (18:2n-6 vs 20:2n-6) and n-3 (18:3n-3 vs 20:3n-3), respectively. In mammals, 20:3n-6 is the immediate precursor of prostaglandin E1 and thromboxane B1. 20:3n-6 and 20:4n-3 are also immediate precursors of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, respectively. These findings provide unequivocal molecular evidence for a novel alternative biosynthetic route to long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in mammals from substrates previously considered to be dead-end products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Jung Park
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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6
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Tanaka T, Morishige JI, Iwawaki D, Fukuhara T, Hamamura N, Hirano K, Osumi T, Satouchi K. Metabolic pathway that produces essential fatty acids from polymethylene-interrupted polyunsaturated fatty acids in animal cells. FEBS J 2007; 274:2728-37. [PMID: 17451430 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.05807.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sciadonic acid (20:3 Delta-5,11,14) and juniperonic acid (20:4 Delta-5,11,14,17) are polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) that lack the Delta-8 double bond of arachidonic acid (20:4 Delta-5,8,11,14) and eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5 Delta-5,8,11,14,17), respectively. Here, we demonstrate that these conifer oil-derived PUFAs are metabolized to essential fatty acids in animal cells. When Swiss 3T3 cells were cultured with sciadonic acid, linoleic acid (18:2 Delta-9,12) accumulated in the cells to an extent dependent on the concentration of sciadonic acid. At the same time, a small amount of 16:2 Delta-7,10 appeared in the cellular lipids. Both 16:2 Delta-7,10 and linoleic acid accumulated in sciadonic acid-supplemented CHO cells, but not in peroxisome-deficient CHO cells. We confirmed that 16:2 Delta-7,10 was effectively elongated to linoleic acid in rat liver microsomes. These results indicate that sciadonic acid was partially degraded to 16:2 Delta-7,10 by two cycles of beta-oxidation in peroxisomes, then elongated to linoleic acid in microsomes. Supplementation of Swiss 3T3 cells with juniperonic acid, an n-3 analogue of sciadonic acid, induced accumulation of alpha-linolenic acid (18:3 Delta-9,12,15) in cellular lipids, suggesting that juniperonic acid was metabolized in a similar manner to sciadonic acid. This PUFA remodeling is thought to be a process that converts unsuitable fatty acids into essential fatty acids required by animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamotsu Tanaka
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Fukuyama University, Higashimura, Fukuyama, Hiroshima 729-0292, Japan.
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7
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Vrinten P, Wu G, Truksa M, Qiu X. Production of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Transgenic Plants. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2007; 24:263-79. [DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2007.10648103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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8
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Venegas-Calerón M, Beaudoin F, Sayanova O, Napier JA. Co-transcribed genes for long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in the protozoon Perkinsus marinus include a plant-like FAE1 3-ketoacyl coenzyme A synthase. J Biol Chem 2006; 282:2996-3003. [PMID: 17092943 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m607051200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine parasitic protozoon Perkinus marinus synthesizes the polyunsaturated fatty acid arachidonic acid via the unusual alternative Delta8 pathway in which elongation of C18 fatty acids generates substrate for two sequential desaturations. Here we have shown that genes encoding the three P. marinus activities responsible for arachidonic acid biosynthesis (C18 Delta9-elongating activity, C20 Delta8 desaturase, C20 Delta5 desaturase) are genomically clustered and co-transcribed as an operon. The acyl elongation reaction, which underpins this pathway, is catalyzed by a FAE1 (fatty acid elongation 1)-like 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase class of condensing enzyme previously only reported in higher plants and algae. This is the first example of an elongating activity involved in the biosynthesis of a polyunsaturated fatty acid that is not a member of the ELO/SUR4 family. The P. marinus FAE1-like elongating activity is sensitive to the herbicide flufenacet, similar to some higher plant 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthases, but unable to rescue the yeast elo2Delta/elo3Delta mutant consistent with a role in the elongation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. P. marinus represents a key organism in the taxonomic separation of the single-celled eukaryotes collectively known as the alveolates, and our data imply a lineage in which ancestral acquisition of plant-like genes, such as FAE1-like 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthases, occurred via endosymbiosis. The P. marinus FAE1-like elongating activity is also indicative of the independent evolution of the alternative Delta8 pathway, distinct from ELO/SUR4-dependent examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Venegas-Calerón
- Crop Performance and Improvement Division, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
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Sayanova O, Haslam R, Qi B, Lazarus CM, Napier JA. The alternative pathway C20 Delta8-desaturase from the non-photosynthetic organism Acanthamoeba castellanii is an atypical cytochrome b5-fusion desaturase. FEBS Lett 2006; 580:1946-52. [PMID: 16530193 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2005] [Revised: 02/22/2006] [Accepted: 02/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A cDNA encoding a C20 Delta8-desaturase was isolated from the free-living soil amoeba, Acanthamoeba castellanii and functionally characterised by heterologous expression. The open reading frame of the A. castellanii C20 Delta8-desaturase showed similarity to other microsomal front-end desaturases, but the N-terminal domain contained a variant form of the conserved heme-binding motif in which H-P-G-G is replaced by H-P-A-G. Co-expression of the A. castellani Delta8-desaturase with the Isochrysis galbana Delta9-elongase in transgenic Arabidopsis plants confirmed the activity observed in yeast and its role in the alternative pathway for C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis. Acyl-CoA profiles of these transgenic plants revealed an unexpected accumulation of C20 fatty acids in the acyl-CoA pool. This is the first report of an alternative pathway C20 Delta8-desaturase from a non-photosynthetic organism, and also the first report of a front-end desaturase lacking the canonical cytochrome b5 domain.
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10
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Morishige JI, Takai Y, Hirano K, Tanaka T, Satouchi K. Production and protein kinase C activation of diacylglycerols containing polymethylene-interrupted PUFA. Lipids 2005; 40:155-62. [PMID: 15884763 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-005-1370-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Sciadonic acid (20:3, delta-5c,11 c,14c) is a polymethylene-interrupted PUFA (PMI-PUFA) that is present in conifer seeds and known to be incorporated into animal cells and to accumulate in membrane PI as a substitute for arachidonate. In this study, we investigated whether PI having sciadonate could serve as source of DAG that could activate protein kinase C (PKC). When Swiss 3T3 cells cultured with sciadonic acid were stimulated with 100 nM of bombesin, 1-stearoyl-2-sciadonoyl-glycerol (G) and 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-G were produced. The net increments of these two molecular species of DAG reflected the levels of the two molecular species in the PI in the cells. When cells cultured with juniperonic acid (20:4, delta-5c,11c,14c,17c) were stimulated, 1-stearoyl-2-juniperonoyl-G was produced in proportion to the level of this molecular species in PI in the cells. We also examined PKC activation by synthetic DAG using a partially purified PKC fraction from rat brain and found that both 1-stearoyl-2-sciadonoyl-G and 1-stearoyl-2-juniperonoyl-G could activate PKC comparably to 1 -stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-G. These results indicate that 1-stearoyl-PI having these C20 PMI-PUFA residues can serve as sources of potential signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-ichi Morishige
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Fukuyama University, Fukuyama 729-0292, Japan
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11
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Sarkadi-Nagy E, Wijendran V, Diau GY, Chao AC, Hsieh AT, Turpeinen A, Lawrence P, Nathanielsz PW, Brenna JT. Formula feeding potentiates docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acid biosynthesis in term and preterm baboon neonates. J Lipid Res 2004; 45:71-80. [PMID: 14523049 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m300106-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Infant formulas supplemented with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) are now available in the United States; however, little is known about the factors that affect biosynthesis. Baboon neonates were assigned to one of four treatments: term, breast-fed; term, formula-fed; preterm (155 of 182 days gestation), formula-fed; and preterm, formula+DHA/ARA-fed. Standard formula had no DHA/ARA; supplemented formula had 0.61%wt DHA (0.3% of calories) and 1.21%wt ARA (0.6% of calories), and baboon breast milk contained 0.68 +/- 0.22%wt DHA and 0.62 +/- 0.12%wt ARA. At 14 days adjusted age, neonates received a combined oral dose of [U-13C]alpha-linolenic acid (LNA*) and [U-13C]linoleic acid (LA*), and tissues were analyzed 14 days after dose. Brain accretion of linolenic acid-derived DHA was approximately 3-fold greater for the formula groups than for the breast-fed group, and dietary DHA partially attenuated excess DHA synthesis among preterms. A similar, significant pattern was found in other organs. Brain linoleic acid-derived ARA accretion was significantly greater in the unsupplemented term group but not in the preterm groups compared with the breast-fed group. These data show that formula potentiates the biosynthesis/accretion of DHA/ARA in term and preterm neonates compared with breast-fed neonates and that the inclusion of DHA/ARA in preterm formula partially restores DHA/ARA biosynthesis to lower, breast-fed levels. Current formula DHA concentrations are inadequate to normalize long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids synthesis to that of breast-fed levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Sarkadi-Nagy
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Savage Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
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12
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Berger A, Monnard I, Baur M, Charbonnet C, Safonova I, Jomard A. Epidermal anti-Inflammatory properties of 5,11,14 20:3: effects on mouse ear edema, PGE2 levels in cultured keratinocytes, and PPAR activation. Lipids Health Dis 2002; 1:5. [PMID: 12617747 PMCID: PMC139966 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-1-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2002] [Accepted: 12/06/2002] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 5,11,14 20:3 is similar to 20:4n-6 but lacks the internal Delta8 double bond essential for prostaglandin and eicosanoid synthesis. When previously fed to laboratory animals as a gymnosperm seed oil component it has shown anti-inflammatory properties. RESULTS Herein, topically applied Podocarpus nagi methyl esters (containing 26% 5,11,14 20:3) were incorporated into mouse ear phospholipids, reduced 20:4n-6, and reduced 20:4n-6- and TPA-induced mouse ear edema. Purified 5,11,14 20:3 was taken up by cultured human skin keratinocytes, reduced 20:4n-6, and reduced PGE2 levels dramatically. Purified 5,11,14 20:3 did not affect PPARalpha, PPARgamma, or PPARdelta transactivation. CONCLUSIONS Topical application of 5,11,14 20:3 to skin surfaces can thus reduce inflammatory processes, most likely by displacing 20:4n-6 from phospholipid pools and reducing downstream inflammatory products derived from 20:4n-6 such as PGE2 and leukotrienes. It could have potential use in treating clinical skin disorders resulting from overproduction of 20:4n-6-derived eicosanoid products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin Berger
- Nestlé Research Center, Vers-Chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
- Current address: Cytochroma, Inc., Manager Lipidomics™, 330 Cochrane Drive, Markham, Ontario L3R 8E4, Canada
| | - Irina Monnard
- Nestlé Research Center, Vers-Chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | - Markus Baur
- Nestlé Research Center, Vers-Chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
- Current address: Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma KG, Biopharmaceutical Quality & Development, Head of Manufacturing Alliances, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88397 Biberach / Riss, Germany
| | - Corinne Charbonnet
- Nestlé Research Center, Vers-Chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
- Current address: chemin de Vuichardaz 9, CH-1030 Bussigny-près-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Irina Safonova
- Galderma R&D, Route des Lucioles, BP 87, 06902 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - André Jomard
- Galderma R&D, Route des Lucioles, BP 87, 06902 Sophia Antipolis, France
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Sprecher H. The roles of anabolic and catabolic reactions in the synthesis and recycling of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2002; 67:79-83. [PMID: 12324224 DOI: 10.1054/plef.2002.0402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Generally the biosynthesis and degradation of compounds take place in separate subcellular compartments. The synthesis of 22 carbon acids, with their first double bond at position 4, requires anabolic enzymes in the endoplasmic reticulum as well as peroxisomal beta-oxidation enzymes. Partial degradation-resynthesis cycles, using enzymes in these two subcellular compartments, may play an important role in determining what PUFA are available for membrane lipid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sprecher
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
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Tanaka T, Morishige J, Takimoto T, Takai Y, Satouchi K. Metabolic characterization of sciadonic acid (5c,11c,14c-eicosatrienoic acid) as an effective substitute for arachidonate of phosphatidylinositol. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2001; 268:4928-39. [PMID: 11559362 DOI: 10.1046/j.0014-2956.2001.02423.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Sciadonic acid (20:3 Delta-5,11,14) is an n-6 series trienoic acid that lacks the Delta8 double bond of arachidonic acid. This fatty acid is not converted to arachidonic acid in higher animals. In this study, we characterized the metabolic behavior of sciadonic acid in the process of acylation to phospholipid of HepG2 cells. One of the characteristics of fatty acid compositions of phospholipids in sciadonic acid-supplemented cells is a higher proportion of sciadonic acid in phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) (27.4%) than in phosphatidylethanolamine (PtdEtn) (23.2%), phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) (17.3%) and phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) (20.1%). Similarly, the proportion of arachidonic acid was higher in PtdIns (35.8%) than in PtdEtn (29.1%), PtdSer (18.2%) and PtdCho (20.2%) in arachidonic-acid-supplemented cells. The extensive accumulation of sciadonic acid in PtdIns resulted in the enrichment of newly formed 1-stearoyl-2-sciadonoyl molecular species (38%) in PtdIns and caused the reduction in the level of pre-existing arachidonic-acid-containing molecular species. The kinetics of incorporation of sciadonic acid to PtdEtn, PtdSer and PtdIns of cells were similar to those of arachidonic acid. In contrast to sciadonic acid, neither eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5 Delta-5,8,11,14,17) nor juniperonic acid (20:4 Delta-5,11,14,17) accumulated in the PtdIns fraction. Rather, these n-3 series polyunsaturated fatty acids, once incorporated into PtdIns, tended to be excluded from PtdIns. In addition, the level of arachidonic-acid-containing PtdIns molecular species remained unchanged by eicosapentaenoic-acid-supplementation. These results suggest that sciadonic acid or sciadonic-acid-containing glycerides are metabolized in a similar manner to arachidonic acid or arachidonic-acid-containing glyceride in the biosynthesis of PtdIns and that sciadonic acid can effectively modify the molecular species composition of PtdIns in HepG2 cells. In this regard, sciadonic acid will be an interesting experimental tool to clarify the significance of arachidonic acid-residue of PtdIns-origin bioactive lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tanaka
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Fukuyama University, Japan
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