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Du MM, Zhu ZT, Zhang GG, Zhao YQ, Gao B, Tao XY, Liu M, Ren YH, Wang FQ, Wei DZ. Engineering Saccharomyces cerevisiae for Hyperproduction of β-Amyrin by Mitigating the Inhibition Effect of Squalene on β-Amyrin Synthase. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:229-237. [PMID: 34955018 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The study aims to enhance β-amyrin production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by peroxisome compartmentalization. First, overaccumulated squalene was determined as a key limiting factor for the production of β-amyrin since it could inhibit the activity of β-amyrin synthase GgbAs1. Second, to mitigate the inhibition effect, the enhanced squalene synthesis pathway was compartmentalized into peroxisomes to insulate overaccumulated squalene from GgbAs1, and thus the specific titer of β-amyrin reached 57.8 mg/g dry cell weight (DCW), which was 2.6-fold higher than that of the cytosol engineering strain. Third, by combining peroxisome compartmentalization with the "push-pull-restrain" strategy (ERG1 and GgbAs1 overexpression and ERG7 weakening), the production of β-amyrin was further increased to 81.0 mg/g DCW (347.0 mg/L). Finally, through fed-batch fermentation in a 5 L fermenter, the titer of β-amyrin reached 2.6 g/L, which is the highest reported to date. The study provides a new perspective to engineering yeasts as a platform for triterpene production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Meng Du
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 311, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhan-Tao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 311, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ge-Ge Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 311, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yun-Qiu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 311, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Bei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 311, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xin-Yi Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 311, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 311, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yu-Hong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 311, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Feng-Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 311, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Dong-Zhi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 311, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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Tani O, Akutsu Y, Ito S, Suzuki T, Tateishi Y, Yamaguchi T, Niimi T, Namatame I, Chiba Y, Sakashita H, Kubota T, Yanagi T, Mizukami S, Hirayama K, Furukawa K, Yamasaki K. NMR Biochemical Assay for Oxidosqualene Cyclase: Evaluation of Inhibitor Activities on Trypanosoma cruzi and Human Enzymes. J Med Chem 2018; 61:5047-5053. [PMID: 29771525 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxidosqualene cyclase (OSC), a membrane-associated protein, is a key enzyme of sterol biosynthesis. Here we report a novel assay for OSC, involving reaction in aqueous solution, NMR quantification in organic solvent, and factor analysis of spectra. We evaluated one known and three novel inhibitors on OSC of Trypanosoma cruzi, a parasite causative of Chagas disease, and compared their effects on human OSC for selectivity. Among them, one novel inhibitor showed a significant parasiticidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Tani
- Biomedical Research Institute , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , 1-1-1 Higashi , Tsukuba 305-8566 , Japan
| | - Yukie Akutsu
- Biomedical Research Institute , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , 1-1-1 Higashi , Tsukuba 305-8566 , Japan
| | - Shinji Ito
- Drug Discovery Research , Astellas Pharma Inc. , 21 Miyukigaoka , Tsukuba 305-8585 , Japan
| | - Takayuki Suzuki
- Drug Discovery Research , Astellas Pharma Inc. , 21 Miyukigaoka , Tsukuba 305-8585 , Japan
| | - Yukihiro Tateishi
- Drug Discovery Research , Astellas Pharma Inc. , 21 Miyukigaoka , Tsukuba 305-8585 , Japan
| | - Tomohiko Yamaguchi
- Drug Discovery Research , Astellas Pharma Inc. , 21 Miyukigaoka , Tsukuba 305-8585 , Japan
| | - Tatsuya Niimi
- Drug Discovery Research , Astellas Pharma Inc. , 21 Miyukigaoka , Tsukuba 305-8585 , Japan
| | - Ichiji Namatame
- Drug Discovery Research , Astellas Pharma Inc. , 21 Miyukigaoka , Tsukuba 305-8585 , Japan
| | - Yasunori Chiba
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , 1-1-1 Umezono , Tsukuba 305-8568 , Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakashita
- Biomedical Research Institute , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , 1-1-1 Higashi , Tsukuba 305-8566 , Japan
| | - Tomomi Kubota
- Biomedical Research Institute , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , 1-1-1 Higashi , Tsukuba 305-8566 , Japan
| | - Tetsuo Yanagi
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine , Nagasaki University , 1-12-4 Sakamoto , Nagasaki 852-8523 , Japan
| | - Shusaku Mizukami
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine , Nagasaki University , 1-12-4 Sakamoto , Nagasaki 852-8523 , Japan
| | - Kenji Hirayama
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine , Nagasaki University , 1-12-4 Sakamoto , Nagasaki 852-8523 , Japan
| | - Koji Furukawa
- Biomedical Research Institute , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , 1-1-1 Higashi , Tsukuba 305-8566 , Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yamasaki
- Biomedical Research Institute , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , 1-1-1 Higashi , Tsukuba 305-8566 , Japan
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Oliaro-Bosso S, Caron G, Taramino S, Ermondi G, Viola F, Balliano G. Characterization of the channel constriction allowing the access of the substrate to the active site of yeast oxidosqualene cyclase. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22134. [PMID: 21811565 PMCID: PMC3141018 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In oxidosqualene cyclases (OSCs), an enzyme which has been extensively studied as a target for hypocholesterolemic or antifungal drugs, a lipophilic channel connects the surface of the protein with the active site cavity. Active site and channel are separated by a narrow constriction operating as a mobile gate for the substrate passage. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae OSC, two aminoacidic residues of the channel/constriction apparatus, Ala525 and Glu526, were previously showed as critical for maintaining the enzyme functionality. In this work sixteen novel mutants, each bearing a substitution at or around the channel constrictions, were tested for their enzymatic activity. Modelling studies showed that the most functionality-lowering substitutions deeply alter the H-bond network involving the channel/constriction apparatus. A rotation of Tyr239 is proposed as part of the mechanism permitting the access of the substrate to the active site. The inhibition of OSC by squalene was used as a tool for understanding whether the residues under study are involved in a pre-catalytic selection and docking of the substrate oxidosqualene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta Oliaro-Bosso
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Giulia Caron
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Taramino
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ermondi
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Franca Viola
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Gianni Balliano
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Hopanoids and sterols are members of a large group of cyclic triterpenoic compounds that have important functions in many prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. They are biochemically synthesized from linear precursors (squalene, 2,3-oxidosqualene) in only one enzymatic step that is catalyzed by squalene-hopene cyclase (SHC) or oxidosqualene cyclase (OSC). SHCs and OSCs are related in amino acid sequences and probably are derived from a common ancestor. The SHC reaction requires the formation of five ring structures, 13 covalent bonds, and nine stereo centers and therefore is one of the most complex one-step enzymatic reactions. We summarize the knowledge of the properties of triterpene cyclases and details of the reaction mechanism of Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius SHC. Properties of other SHCs are included.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dieter Jendrossek
- Institute for Microbiology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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Soeiro MNC, de Castro SL. Trypanosoma cruzitargets for new chemotherapeutic approaches. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2008; 13:105-21. [DOI: 10.1517/14728220802623881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Galli U, Oliaro-Bosso S, Taramino S, Venegoni S, Pastore E, Tron GC, Balliano G, Viola F, Sorba G. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new (2E,6E)-10-(dimethylamino)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-decadien-1-ol ethers as inhibitors of human and Trypanosoma cruzi oxidosqualene cyclase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:220-4. [PMID: 17027267 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2006] [Revised: 09/15/2006] [Accepted: 09/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
New dimethylamino truncated squalene ether derivatives containing a different aromatic moiety (phenyl, naphthyl, and biphenyl) or a simple alkyl (n-hexylic) group were synthesized as inhibitors of the oxidosqualene cyclase (OSC) and of the sterol biosynthetic pathway. The activity against human OSC was compared with the activity against the OSCs of pathogenic organisms such as Pneumocystis carinii and Trypanosoma cruzi. The phenyl derivative was the most potent inhibitor of T. cruzi OSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ubaldina Galli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Alimentari, Farmaceutiche e Farmacologiche and Drug and Food Biotechnology Center, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale A. Avogadro, Via Bovio 6, 28100 Novara, Italy.
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