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Yu L, Peng K, Huang Y, Chen F, Chen S, Xia Y, Huang X, Ni X, Guo R, Cai C, Liu J. Application of a water-energy-carbon coupling index to evaluate the long-term operational stability of the anaerobic-anoxic-oxic-membrane bioreactor (A 2/O-MBR) process under the influence of rainstorms. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 255:121489. [PMID: 38552489 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/24/2024]
Abstract
In the context of global climate change, sudden rainstorms and typhoons induce fluctuations in hydraulic shocks to wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in coastal areas, causing two challenges of stable effluent quality and low-carbon operation. We established a quantitative evaluation method for resistance of wastewater treatment processes to hydraulic shocks based on the water-energy-carbon nexus using operational data from a WWTP in southeast coastal China from July 2018 to December 2022. The effects of hydraulic shocks on the operational stability of the anaerobic-anoxic-oxic-membrane bioreactor (A2/O-MBR) process were analyzed following five steps. The results showed that the gray water footprint (GWF) of the process was 9.3% lower than that of the A2/O process. The energy footprint (ENF) and carbon footprint (CF) were approximately 2.1 times and 1.7 times higher than those of the A2/O process, respectively. The resistance to hydraulic shocks of the A2/O-MBR process is approximately 5.5 times higher than that of the A2/O process. In conclusion, the A2/O-MBR process exhibits higher process operational stability when subjected to hydraulic shocks, which is more conducive to the efficient and stable operation of WWTPs in rainstorm and typhoon-prone areas. The evaluation methodology provides qualitative technical support for selecting upgrading processes for WWTPs in different regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Yu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Kaiming Peng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Yizhen Huang
- Fujian Haixia Environmental Protection Group Co., Ltd, Fujian 350014, PR China
| | - Feng Chen
- Fujian Haixia Environmental Protection Group Co., Ltd, Fujian 350014, PR China
| | - Shoubin Chen
- Fuzhou City Construction Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd, Fujian 350001, PR China
| | - Yulong Xia
- Fuzhou City Construction Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd, Fujian 350001, PR China
| | - Xiangfeng Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Ni
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Ru Guo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Chen Cai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Jia Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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2
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Shen L, Wu Q, Ye Q, Lin H, Zhang J, Chen C, Yue R, Teng J, Hong H, Liao BQ. Superior performance of a membrane bioreactor through innovative in-situ aeration and structural optimization using computational fluid dynamics. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 243:120353. [PMID: 37482001 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The optimization of membrane bioreactors (MBRs) involves a critical challenge in structural design for mitigation of membrane fouling. To address this issue, a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was utilized in this study to simulate the hydrodynamic characteristics of a flat sheet (FS) MBR. The optimization of the membrane module configuration and operating conditions was performed by investigating key parameters that altered the shear stress and liquid velocity. The mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentration was found to increase the shear stress, leading to a more uniform distribution of shear stress. By optimizing the appropriate bubble diameter to 5 mm, the shear stress on the membrane surface was optimized with relatively uniform distribution. Additionally, extending the side baffle length dramatically improved the uniformity of the shear stress distribution on each membrane. A novel in-situ aeration method was also discovered to promote turbulent kinetic energy by 200 times compared with traditional aeration modes, leading to a more uniform bubble streamline. As a result, the novel in-situ aeration method demonstrated superior membrane antifouling potential in the MBR. This work provides a new approach for the structural design and optimization of MBRs. The innovative combination of the CFD model, optimization techniques, and novel in-situ aeration method has provided a substantial contribution to the advancement of membrane separation technology in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liguo Shen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China; Key Laboratory of Watershed Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Security, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China
| | - Qihang Wu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China; Key Laboratory of Watershed Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Security, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China
| | - Qunfeng Ye
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China; Key Laboratory of Watershed Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Security, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China
| | - Hongjun Lin
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China; Key Laboratory of Watershed Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Security, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China.
| | - Jianzhen Zhang
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China; Key Laboratory of Watershed Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Security, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China.
| | - Cheng Chen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China; Key Laboratory of Watershed Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Security, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China
| | - Rong Yue
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China; Key Laboratory of Watershed Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Security, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China
| | - Jiaheng Teng
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China; Key Laboratory of Watershed Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Security, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China
| | - Huachang Hong
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China; Key Laboratory of Watershed Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Security, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China
| | - Bao-Qiang Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada
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Application of Encapsulated Quorum Quenching Strain Acinetobacter pittii HITSZ001 to a Membrane Bioreactor for Biofouling Control. SEPARATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/separations10020127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Quorum quenching (QQ) is a novel anti-biofouling strategy for membrane bioreactors (MBRs) used in wastewater treatment. However, actual operation of QQ-MBR systems for wastewater treatment needs to be systematically studied to evaluate the comprehensive effects of QQ on wastewater treatment engineering applications. In this study, a novel QQ strain, Acinetobacter pittii HITSZ001, was encapsulated and applied to a MBR system to evaluate the effects of this organism on real wastewater treatment. To verify the effectiveness of immobilized QQ beads in the MBR system, we examined the MBR effluent quality and sludge characteristics. We also measured the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and soluble microbial products (SMP) in the system to determine the effects of the organism on membrane biofouling inhibition. Additionally, changes in microbial communities in the system were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing. The results indicated that Acinetobacter pittii HITSZ001 is a promising strain for biofouling reduction in MBRs treating real wastewater, and that immobilization does not affect the biofouling control potential of QQ bacteria.
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Tian C, Wang T, Han H, Dai R, Wang Z. Green Solvent Cleaning Removes Irrecoverable Foulants from End-of-Life Membranes in Membrane Bioreactors: Efficacy and Mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:12563-12572. [PMID: 35973135 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Removal of irrecoverable foulants, which cannot be removed by conventional chemical cleaning, from end-of-life (EOL) membranes remains a substantial challenge due to the strong interaction between the foulants and membrane matrix. Herein, we developed a green solvent cleaning strategy based on Hansen solubility parameters to achieve the removal of irrecoverable foulants from the EOL polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes serving for 6 years in a large-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR). We selected methyl-5-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-5-oxopentanoate (MDMO) as the green solvent due to its strong interaction with the PVDF material, which might enable the substitution of binding sites of irrecoverable foulants. After the MDMO cleaning, the water permeance of the EOL membrane recovered from 47.6 ± 4.7 to 390.9 ± 8.2 L m-2 h-1 bar-1 (with a flux recovery ratio of ∼100%), with its rejection ability and stability maintained. The main components of irrecoverable fouling were humic acid-like substances revealed by spectroscopic characterization. Molecular dynamic simulation further elucidated the cleaning mechanisms: the strong interaction of MDMO-PVDF enabled substitution of binding sites of irrecoverable foulants by MDMO, followed by desorption of the irrecoverable foulants from PVDF and diffusion of the irrecoverable foulants into the bulk phase of MDMO. Evaluation in a lab-scale MBR treating real municipal wastewater verified the reusability of green solvent cleaned-EOL membranes. This study provides a novel, effective, and green cleaning strategy to remove irrecoverable foulants and prolong the service life of membranes in MBRs, facilitating sustainable wastewater treatment using membrane-based processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxin Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Tianlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hongyi Han
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ruobin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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5
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Mo Y, Zhang L, Zhao X, Li J, Wang L. A critical review on classifications, characteristics, and applications of electrically conductive membranes for toxic pollutant removal from water: Comparison between composite and inorganic electrically conductive membranes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 436:129162. [PMID: 35643008 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Research efforts have recently been directed at developing electrically conductive membranes (EMs) for pressure-driven membrane separation processes to remove effectively the highly toxic pollutants from water. EMs serve as both the filter and the electrode during filtration. With the assistance of a power supply, EMs can considerably improve the toxic pollutant removal efficiency and even realize chemical degradation to reduce their toxicity. Organic-inorganic composite EMs and inorganic EMs show remarkable differences in characteristics, removal mechanisms, and application situations. Understanding their differences is highly important to guide the future design of EMs for specific pollutant removal from water. However, reviews concerning the differences between composite and inorganic EMs are still lacking. In this review, we summarize the classifications, fabrication techniques, and characteristics of composite and inorganic EMs. We also elaborate on the removal mechanisms and performances of EMs toward recalcitrant organic pollutants and toxic inorganic ions in water. The comparison between composite and inorganic EMs is emphasized particularly in terms of the membrane characteristics (pore size, permeability, and electrical conductivity), application situations, and underlying removal mechanisms. Finally, the energy consumption and durability of EMs are evaluated, and future perspectives are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, National Center for International Joint Research on Membrane Science and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, PR China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, PR China.
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, National Center for International Joint Research on Membrane Science and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, PR China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, PR China
| | - Xin Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Jianxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, National Center for International Joint Research on Membrane Science and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, PR China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, PR China
| | - Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, National Center for International Joint Research on Membrane Science and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, PR China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, PR China
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6
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Liu HB, Li B, Guo LW, Pan LM, Zhu HX, Tang ZS, Xing WH, Cai YY, Duan JA, Wang M, Xu SN, Tao XB. Current and Future Use of Membrane Technology in the Traditional Chinese Medicine Industry. SEPARATION & PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2021.1995875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Bo Li
- Jiangsu Botanical Medicine Refinement Engineering Research Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Li-Wei Guo
- Jiangsu Botanical Medicine Refinement Engineering Research Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin-Mei Pan
- Jiangsu Botanical Medicine Refinement Engineering Research Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua-Xu Zhu
- Jiangsu Botanical Medicine Refinement Engineering Research Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Shu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
- Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Wei-Hong Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Special Separation Membrane, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Cai
- Nanjing Industrial Technology Research Institute of Membranes Co, Ltd, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Pharmacy Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Si-Ning Xu
- Pharmacy Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Xing-Bao Tao
- College ofPharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Wang Y, Zheng X, Wang Z, Shi Z, Kong Z, Zhong M, Xue J, Zhang Y. Effects of –COOH and –NH2 on adsorptive polysaccharide fouling under varying pH conditions: Contributing factors and underlying mechanisms. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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8
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Detachment mechanism and energy consumption model for the ex-situ rinsing process in membrane bioreactors. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Zhang K, Wang Z, Sun M, Liang D, Hou L, Zhang J, Wang X, Li J. Optimization of nitrogen and carbon removal with simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification in membrane bioreactor. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 7:200584. [PMID: 33047023 PMCID: PMC7540762 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.200584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a membrane bioreactor (MBR) was used to achieve both nitrogen and carbon removal by a simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification (SNAD) process. During the entire experiment, the intermittent aeration (non-aerobic time : aeration time, min min-1) cycle was controlled by a time-controlled switch, and the aeration rate was controlled by a gas flowmeter, and the optimal operating parameters as determined by response surface methodology (RSM) were a C/N value of 1.16, a DO value of 0.84 mg l-1 and an aerobic time (T ae) of 15.75 min. Under these conditions, the SNAD process achieved efficient and stable nitrogen and carbon removal; the total inorganic nitrogen removal efficiency and chemical oxygen demand removal efficiency were 92.31% and 95.67%, respectively. With the formation of granular sludge, the membrane fouling rate decreased significantly from 35.0 Pa h-1 at SNAD start-up to 19.9 Pa h-1 during stable operation. Fluorescence in situ hybrid analyses confirmed the structural characteristics and the relative ratio of aerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and denitrifying bacteria in the SNAD system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Urban Sewage Advanced Treatment and Resource Utilization Technology, The College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaozhao Wang
- College of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengxia Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory of Urban Sewage Advanced Treatment and Resource Utilization Technology, The College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongbo Liang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Urban Sewage Advanced Treatment and Resource Utilization Technology, The College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangang Hou
- College of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Urban Sewage Advanced Treatment and Resource Utilization Technology, The College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiujie Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Urban Sewage Advanced Treatment and Resource Utilization Technology, The College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- National Engineering Laboratory of Urban Sewage Advanced Treatment and Resource Utilization Technology, The College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, People's Republic of China
- Author for correspondence: Jun Li e-mail:
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Development of an Electrochemical Ceramic Membrane Bioreactor for the Removal of PPCPs from Wastewater. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12061838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The removal of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) from water and wastewater is of great significance for eco-system safety. In this study, an electrochemical ceramic membrane bioreactor (ECMBR) was developed for removing seven groups (24 kinds in total) of PPCPs from real wastewater. In the presence of an electric field (2 V/cm), the ECMBR could enhance the removal efficiencies for most targeted PPCPs without having adverse impacts on conventional pollutant removal and membrane filtration. The ECMBR achieved higher removal efficiencies for fluoroquinolones (82.8%), β-blockers (24.6%), and sulfonamides (41.0%) compared to the control (CMBR) (52.9%, 4.6%, and 36.4%). For trimethoprim, ECMBR also significantly increased the removal to 66.5% compared to 15.6% in CMBR. Furthermore, the exertion of an electric field did not cause significant changes in microbial communities, suggesting that the enhanced removal of PPCPs should be attributed to the electrochemical oxidation of the built-in electrodes in the ECMBR.
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Xu R, Yu Z, Zhang S, Meng F. Bacterial assembly in the bio-cake of membrane bioreactors: Stochastic vs. deterministic processes. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 157:535-545. [PMID: 30986700 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.03.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Much about assembly processes dictating bio-cake microbiota remains uncertain, leading to poor understanding of membrane biofouling in membrane bioreactors (MBRs). This work aimed to reveal the underlying mechanisms driving bio-cake community during the biofouling process under different flux conditions. On the basis of 16S rRNA sequences, the results showed that bacterial diversity decreased with increasing fouling. Additionally, low-flux bio-cake (8 LMH) communities harbored much lower diversity than high-flux (16 LMH) bio-cake microbiomes. Ecological null model analyses and phylogenetic molecular ecological networks (pMENs) revealed that environmental filtering deterministically governed low-flux bio-cake communities. In contrast, high-flux bio-cake communities were mainly shaped in a stochastic manner. This is likely due to the higher stochastic deposition of bacterial taxa from bulk sludge because of the presence of a stronger drag force. Moreover, by lowering the flux, the interactions between bacterial lineages were enhanced; this is evidenced by the greater number of links, the higher average degree, and the higher average clustering coefficients within the pMENs in low-flux bio-cakes than those in high-flux bio-cakes. Most keystone fouling-related taxa in low-flux bio-cakes were motile and involved in nitrate reduction and polysaccharide/protein metabolism. This corroborated the important role of environmental filtering in the assembly process dictating low-flux bio-cake formation. Some low-abundance taxa were observed to be key fouling-related bacteria under both flux conditions, indicating that a few populations play paramount ecological roles in triggering biofouling. In summary, our findings clearly indicate distinct bio-cake community assembly patterns under different operational conditions and highlight the importance of developing specialized strategies for fouling control in individual MBR systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghua Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Zhong Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Fangang Meng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, 510275, PR China.
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12
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Li P, Liu L, Wu J, Cheng R, Shi L, Zheng X, Zhang Z. Identify driving forces of MBR applications in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 647:627-638. [PMID: 30092518 PMCID: PMC7112108 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
During the last two decades, MBR applications in China grow exponentially with the first pilot test of 10 m3/d in 1999 and the first application with capacity of 110,000 m3/d commissioned in 2009. It is critical to examine the drivers of MBR applications in China, which can provide sound scientific basis for future development of MBR applications. This study summarized the historical development of MBR applications and analyzed the driving forces by survey, literature review and interviews with MBR suppliers. The results showed that: (1) technical advantages of MBR and public policy related to water resources and environment promoted MBR beyond lab and pilot test into wide commercial applications in China; (2) petrochemical industry needs for wastewater treatment and reuse promoted medium-scale MBRs as public policy and regulation on water resources and environment tightens; (3) when the breakthrough of capacity of a single project above 10 thousand m3/d, the Green Olympic Games and Asian Games and tightening effluent regulations in environmentally sensitive areas incentivized MBR applications; and (4) the emergence of 100,000 m3/d MBR was mainly stimulated by water resources stress. Water resources stress and public policy related on resources and the environment are the primary driving forces in the last several decades. The future drivers of MBR applications in China appear to be decreasing operation cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Jiaojiao Wu
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Rong Cheng
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Lei Shi
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Xiang Zheng
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China.
| | - Zhenxing Zhang
- Illinois State Water Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA.
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Mu S, Wang S, Liang S, Xiao K, Fan H, Han B, Liu C, Wang X, Huang X. Effect of the relative degree of foulant “hydrophobicity” on membrane fouling. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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14
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Xiao K, Liang S, Wang X, Chen C, Huang X. Current state and challenges of full-scale membrane bioreactor applications: A critical review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 271:473-481. [PMID: 30245197 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology for wastewater treatment has been developed for over three decades. Our latest survey shows that MBR applications for wastewater treatment are still in rapid growth today. This review summarizes the pros, cons and progress in full-scale MBR applications. Critical statistics on the capital cost, operating cost, footprint, energy consumption and chemical consumption of full-scale MBRs are provided, and are compared to those of conventional activated sludge (CAS) processes with/without tertiary treatment. The efficiencies in full-scale treatment of ordinary pollutants (C, N and P), pathogens (bacteria and viruses) and emerging pollutants (e.g., trace organic pollutants) are reviewed. The long-term operation stability of full-scale MBRs is also discussed with several examples provided, with special attention placed on the seasonal variation of membrane fouling. Finally, the future challenges of MBR application are outlined from the perspectives of fouling control, pollutant removal, cost-effectiveness and competitiveness in specific fields of application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Xiao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, THU-Beijing Origin Water Joint Research Center for Environmental Membrane Technology, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuai Liang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, THU-Beijing Origin Water Joint Research Center for Environmental Membrane Technology, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaomao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, THU-Beijing Origin Water Joint Research Center for Environmental Membrane Technology, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chunsheng Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, THU-Beijing Origin Water Joint Research Center for Environmental Membrane Technology, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xia Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, THU-Beijing Origin Water Joint Research Center for Environmental Membrane Technology, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Ma J, Dai R, Chen M, Khan SJ, Wang Z. Applications of membrane bioreactors for water reclamation: Micropollutant removal, mechanisms and perspectives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 269:532-543. [PMID: 30195697 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.08.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) have attracted attention in water reclamation as a result of the recent technical advances and cost reduction in membranes. However, the increasing occurrence of micropollutants in wastewaters has posed new challenges. Therefore, we reviewed the current state of research to identify the outstanding needs in this field. In general, the fate of micropollutants in MBRs relates to sorption, biodegradation and membrane separation processes. Hydrophobic, nonionized micropollutants are favorable in sorption, and the biological degradation shows higher efficiency at relatively long SRTs (30-40 days) and HRTs (20-30 h), as a result of co-metabolism, metabolism and/or ion trapping. Although the membrane rejection rates for micropollutants are generally minor, final water quality can be improved via combination with other technologies. This review highlights the challenges and perspectives that should be addressed to facilitate the extended use of MBRs for the removal of micropollutants in water reclamation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Safety, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Ruobin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Safety, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Mei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Safety, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Stuart J Khan
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Safety, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Wu Q, Yan X, Xiao K, Guan J, Li T, Liang P, Huang X. Optimization of membrane unit location in a full-scale membrane bioreactor using computational fluid dynamics. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 249:402-409. [PMID: 29059623 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.09.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The location of membrane units in the membrane tank is a key factor in the construction of a full-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR), as it would greatly affect the hydrodynamics in the tank, which could in turn affect the membrane fouling rate while running. Yet, in most cases, these units were empirically installed in tanks, no theory guides were currently available for the design of a proper location. In this study, the hydrodynamics in the membrane tank of a full-scale MBR was simulated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Five indexes (iLu, iLa, iLb, iLint, iLw) were used to indicate the unit location, and each of them was discussed for their individual impact on the risk water velocity (v0.05) in the membrane unit region. An optimal design with all the indexes equaling 0.6 was proposed, and was found to have a promotion of 146.9% for v0.05.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, THU-Beijing Origin Water Joint Research Center for Environmental Membrane Technology, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoxu Yan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, THU-Beijing Origin Water Joint Research Center for Environmental Membrane Technology, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kang Xiao
- College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Guan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, THU-Beijing Origin Water Joint Research Center for Environmental Membrane Technology, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tianyu Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, THU-Beijing Origin Water Joint Research Center for Environmental Membrane Technology, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Peng Liang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, THU-Beijing Origin Water Joint Research Center for Environmental Membrane Technology, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xia Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, THU-Beijing Origin Water Joint Research Center for Environmental Membrane Technology, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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17
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Wu Q, Yan X, Xia X, Zhang C, Xue T, Yu K, Liang P, Huang X. Analysis of the mixing performance of a full-scale membrane bioreactor for municipal wastewater treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 250:932-935. [PMID: 29217124 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.11.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
High energy consumption remains to be a key problem for application of membrane bioreactor (MBR). Optimization of MBR to save energy requires a compressive understanding of the performance of the reactor, among which the mixing performance is a significant parameter, however received little attention. In this study, a tracer experiment was carried out in a full-scale MBR for municipal wastewater treatment in China. The mixing performance of both the entire plant and the membrane tanks were evaluated. The entire plant was found to be a cascade of 2.15 continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) with 8.02% of dead zones. The membrane tanks were also found to deviate from CSTR. The mixing energy was analyzed and compared with literature data from three aspects: the specific power used per unit of tank volume (Ps,v), per unit of permeate volume (Ps,p), and per unit of membrane area (Ps,m).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, THU-Beijing Origin Water Joint Research Center for Environmental Membrane Technology, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoxu Yan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, THU-Beijing Origin Water Joint Research Center for Environmental Membrane Technology, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xue Xia
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, THU-Beijing Origin Water Joint Research Center for Environmental Membrane Technology, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Changyong Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, THU-Beijing Origin Water Joint Research Center for Environmental Membrane Technology, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tao Xue
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, THU-Beijing Origin Water Joint Research Center for Environmental Membrane Technology, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kaichang Yu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, THU-Beijing Origin Water Joint Research Center for Environmental Membrane Technology, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Peng Liang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, THU-Beijing Origin Water Joint Research Center for Environmental Membrane Technology, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xia Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, THU-Beijing Origin Water Joint Research Center for Environmental Membrane Technology, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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18
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Zhou L, Ye B, Xia S. Assessing membrane biofouling and its gel layer of anoxic/oxic membrane bioreactor for megacity municipal wastewater treatment during plum rain season in Yangtze River Delta, China. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 127:22-31. [PMID: 29020641 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed membrane biofouling and its gel layer of anoxic/oxic membrane bioreactor (A/O-MBR) for megacity municipal wastewater treatment during plum rain season, which was continuous rainy weather, in Yangtze River Delta, China. A laboratory-scale A/O-MBR was operated to treat the municipal wastewater from Quyang wastewater treatment plant, which located at the typical megacity of Shanghai in Yangtze River Delta, from April to July accompanying with plum rain season. As reactor performance showed, CODCr, NH4+-N, TN, TP of the influent gradually decreased during plum rain season, and inhibited pollutant removal due to organic carbon shortage. However, dissolve inorganic carbon and inorganic components in mixed liquid had an obvious increase under rainy weather. Membrane filtration results indicated that plum rain season enhanced pore blocking behavior, further leading to the serious membrane biofouling but inhibiting gel layer formation. Additionally, gel layer analysis predicted that plum rain season led to plenty of inorganic components and precipitate flew into A/O-MBR reactor. Inorganic components with elements of Ca, Mg Ba, Fe, Al and Si seriously blocked membrane pores. Those components also accumulated into gel layer in the form of SiO2, CaCO3, CaSiO3, MgNH4PO4, BaCO3, AlPO4, etc. Consequently, plum rain season enhanced pore blocking behavior and led to severe membrane biofouling but with the inhibition of gel layer formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecological Remediation, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China.
| | - Biao Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Siqing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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19
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Erkan HS, Engin GO. The investigation of paper mill industry wastewater treatment and activated sludge properties in a submerged membrane bioreactor. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2017; 76:1715-1725. [PMID: 28991788 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2017.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The paper mill industry produces high amounts of wastewater and, for this reason, stringent discharge limits are applied for sustainable reclamation and reuse of paper mill industry wastewater in many countries. Submerged membrane bioreactor (sMBR) systems can create new opportunities to eliminate dissolved substances present in paper mill wastewater including. In this study, a sMBR was operated for the treatment of paper mill industry wastewater at 35 h of hydraulic retention time (HRT) and 40 d of sludge retention time (SRT). The chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH3-N and total phosphorus (TP) removal efficiencies were found to be 98%, 92.99% and 96.36%. The results demonstrated that sMBR was a suitable treatment for the removal of organic matter and nutrients for treating paper mill wastewater except for the problem of calcium accumulation. During the experimental studies, it was noted that the inorganic fraction of the sludge increased as a result of calcium accumulation in the reactor and increased membrane fouling was observed on the membrane surface due to the calcification problem encountered. The properties of the sludge, such as extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and soluble microbial products (SMP), relative hydrophobicity, zeta potential and floc size distribution were also monitored. According to the obtained results, the total EPS was found to be 43.93 mg/gMLSS and the average total SMP rejection by the membrane was determined as 66.2%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanife Sari Erkan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Davutpasa, Esenler, Istanbul 34220, Turkey E-mail:
| | - Guleda Onkal Engin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Davutpasa, Esenler, Istanbul 34220, Turkey E-mail:
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20
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21
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Surface modification of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane via radiation grafting: novel mechanisms underlying the interesting enhanced membrane performance. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2721. [PMID: 28578428 PMCID: PMC5457412 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02605-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study provided the first attempt of grafting hydrophobic polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane with hydrophilic hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) monomer via a radiation grafting method. This grafted membrane showed an enhanced hydrophilicity (10° decrease of water contact angle), water content ratio, settling ability and wettability compared to the control membrane. Interestingly, filtration tests showed an improved dependence of water flux of the grafted membrane on the solution pH in the acidic stage. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis provided in-situ evidence that the reduced surface pore size of the grafted membrane with the solution pH governed such a dependence. It was proposed that, the reduced surface pore size was caused by the swelling of the grafted chain matrix, with the pH increase due to the chemical potential change. It was found that the grafted membrane showed a lower relative flux decreasing rate than the control membrane. Moreover, flux of the bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution was noticeably larger than that of pure water for the grafted membrane. Higher BSA flux than water flux can be explained by the effects of electric double layer compression on the polymeric swelling. This study not only provided a pH-sensitive PVDF membrane potentially useful for various applications, but also proposed novel mechanisms underlying the enhanced performance of the grafted membrane.
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22
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Mei R, Li R, Lin H, Shen Z, Zhang M, Chen J, He Y. A new approach to construct three-dimensional surface morphology of sludge flocs in a membrane bioreactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 219:521-526. [PMID: 27522118 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a novel approach to construct three-dimensional (3D) surface morphology of sludge flocs in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) was proposed. The new approach combined the static light scattering method for fractal dimension (Df) determination with the modified two-variable Weierstrass-Mandelbrot (WM) function based on fractal geometry and coordinate transformation for spherical surface construction. It was found that the sludge flocs in the MBR showed apparent fractal characteristics. Results showed that the constructed 3D morphology of sludge flocs was very sensitive to Df, and higher Df induced a more compact and smoother surface morphology. With a set of proper parameter data, the constructed 3D surface morphology of sludge flocs could be quite similar to the real floc surface morphology, showing the feasibility of the proposed approach. The proposed solution to floc surface construction could be potentially used in interfacial interaction assessment, giving important implications for membrane fouling research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongwu Mei
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China; Environmental Science Research and Design Institute of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310007, PR China
| | - Renjie Li
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China
| | - Hongjun Lin
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China.
| | - Zheping Shen
- Environmental Science Research and Design Institute of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310007, PR China
| | - Meijia Zhang
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China
| | - Jianrong Chen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China
| | - Yiming He
- Department of Materials Physics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China
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Sun J, Liang P, Yan X, Zuo K, Xiao K, Xia J, Qiu Y, Wu Q, Wu S, Huang X, Qi M, Wen X. Reducing aeration energy consumption in a large-scale membrane bioreactor: Process simulation and engineering application. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 93:205-213. [PMID: 26905799 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Reducing the energy consumption of membrane bioreactors (MBRs) is highly important for their wider application in wastewater treatment engineering. Of particular significance is reducing aeration in aerobic tanks to reduce the overall energy consumption. This study proposed an in situ ammonia-N-based feedback control strategy for aeration in aerobic tanks; this was tested via model simulation and through a large-scale (50,000 m(3)/d) engineering application. A full-scale MBR model was developed based on the activated sludge model (ASM) and was calibrated to the actual MBR. The aeration control strategy took the form of a two-step cascaded proportion-integration (PI) feedback algorithm. Algorithmic parameters were optimized via model simulation. The strategy achieved real-time adjustment of aeration amounts based on feedback from effluent quality (i.e., ammonia-N). The effectiveness of the strategy was evaluated through both the model platform and the full-scale engineering application. In the former, the aeration flow rate was reduced by 15-20%. In the engineering application, the aeration flow rate was reduced by 20%, and overall specific energy consumption correspondingly reduced by 4% to 0.45 kWh/m(3)-effluent, using the present practice of regulating the angle of guide vanes of fixed-frequency blowers. Potential energy savings are expected to be higher for MBRs with variable-frequency blowers. This study indicated that the ammonia-N-based aeration control strategy holds promise for application in full-scale MBRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu Sun
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Peng Liang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaoxu Yan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Kuichang Zuo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Kang Xiao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Junlin Xia
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yong Qiu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qing Wu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shijia Wu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xia Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Meng Qi
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xianghua Wen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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Wu C, Zhou Y, Song J. The activated sludge metabolic characteristics changing sole carbon source from readily biodegradable acetate to toxic phenol. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2016; 73:2324-2331. [PMID: 27191552 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2016.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A sequencing batch reactor was used to investigate the effect of carbon sources on the metabolism of activated sludge. Acetate and phenol, with the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 330-350 mg L(-1), was used as the carbon source in Periods I and II, respectively. Acetate decreased in the initial 120 min with the intracellular storage materials (XSTO), extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and the soluble microbial products (SMP) accumulating to 131.0 mg L(-1), 347.5 mg L(-1), and 35.5 mg L(-1), respectively. Then, XSTO and EPS decreased to 124.5 mg L(-1) and 340.0 mg L(-1), respectively, in the following 120 min. When acetate was replaced by phenol, it could not be used at the beginning due to its toxicity. The XSTO decreased from 142 mg L(-1) to 54.6 mg L(-1) during the aeration period. The EPS had a significant increase, with the highest value of 618.1 mg L(-1), which then decreased to 245.6 mg L(-1) at 240 min. The phenol was gradually degraded with the acclimation and it can be fully degraded 18 d later. Meanwhile, the usage ratio of the internal carbon source decreased. The effluent SMP in Period II was 1.7 times that in Period I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China E-mail: ; Research Center of Water Pollution Control Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yuexi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China E-mail: ; Research Center of Water Pollution Control Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jiamei Song
- Research Center of Water Pollution Control Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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25
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Zhao L, Zhang M, He Y, Chen J, Hong H, Liao BQ, Lin H. A new method for modeling rough membrane surface and calculation of interfacial interactions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 200:451-7. [PMID: 26519696 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Membrane fouling control necessitates the establishment of an effective method to assess interfacial interactions between foulants and rough surface membrane. This study proposed a new method which includes a rigorous mathematical equation for modeling membrane surface morphology, and combination of surface element integration (SEI) method and the composite Simpson's approach for assessment of interfacial interactions. The new method provides a complete solution to quantitatively calculate interfacial interactions between foulants and rough surface membrane. Application of this method in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) showed that, high calculation accuracy could be achieved by setting high segment number, and moreover, the strength of three energy components and energy barrier was remarkably impaired by the existence of roughness on the membrane surface, indicating that membrane surface morphology exerted profound effects on membrane fouling in the MBR. Good agreement between calculation prediction and fouling phenomena was found, suggesting the feasibility of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leihong Zhao
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China; Department of Materials Physics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China
| | - Meijia Zhang
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China
| | - Yiming He
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China
| | - Jianrong Chen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China
| | - Huachang Hong
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China
| | - Bao-Qiang Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Hongjun Lin
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China.
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26
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Membrane bioreactor vs. oxidation ditch: full-scale long-term performance related with mixed liquor seasonal characteristics. Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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27
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Wang S, Liang S, Liang P, Zhang X, Sun J, Wu S, Huang X. In-situ combined dual-layer CNT/PVDF membrane for electrically-enhanced fouling resistance. J Memb Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Lee EJ, Kim YH, Kim HS, Jang A. Influence of microbubble in physical cleaning of MF membrane process for wastewater reuse. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:8451-8459. [PMID: 25548010 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3928-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Currently, there is a growing emphasis on wastewater reclamation and reuse all over the world due to restricted water resources. Among a variety of wastewater reuse technologies, the use of microfiltration membranes (MF) is one of the popular processes because it has the ability to successfully eliminate particulates and colloidal matters. However, successful fouling control is not easy because effluents from the activated sludge process still contain small particulates and colloidal matters such as extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) and soluble microbial products (SMP). On the other hand, microbubbles have advantageous properties compared to common bubbles, but there hasn't been reporting of the use of microbubbles in physical cleaning instead of aeration. Encouraging results were obtained herein through the application of microbubbles for physical cleaning. In evaluation of the cleaning efficiency, the efficiency of microbubbles was observed to be twice as high as that of aeration, except during the course of the initial 30 min. Total organic carbon (TOC) concentration of the membrane tank after treatment with microbubbles was more than twice as high as that after aeration for physical cleaning. The membrane cleaned with microbubbles also had the smoothest surface, with a roughness of 42.5 nm. In addition, microbubbles were found to effectively remove EPS and make the structure of the gel layer loose. In particular, the microbubbles had the ability to remove proteins through the effect of pyrolytic decomposition. Therefore, in FT-IR spectra of the membrane surfaces taken before and after physical cleaning, while each treatment showed similar peak positions, the peak values of the membrane treated with microbubbles were the lowest. Through various analyses, it was confirmed that microbubbles can remove foulants on the gel layer in spite of their very low shear force. This means that microbubble cleaning has full potential for use as a physical cleaning method in the wastewater reclamation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eui-Jong Lee
- Graduate School of Water Resources, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746, Republic of Korea
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29
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Full-Scale Implementation of a Vertical Membrane Bioreactor for Simultaneous Removal of Organic Matter and Nutrients from Municipal Wastewater. WATER 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/w7031164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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30
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Influence of membrane surface roughness on interfacial interactions with sludge flocs in a submerged membrane bioreactor. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 446:84-90. [PMID: 25660708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the interfacial interactions between sludge flocs and a rough membrane surface in a submerged membrane bioreactor were investigated. Models describing these interfacial interactions were firstly proposed based on the surface element integration (SEI) method. Surface properties of sludge flocs and membrane were experimentally determined to simulate the models through composite Simpson's rule. It was found that, roughness on membrane surface significantly decreased interaction strength, which enabled the sludge flocs to more easily attach on and detach from the rough membrane surface. Further analysis showed that the value of total interaction energy increased with asperity radius, while the strength of total interaction energy decreased with asperity height. Results also demonstrated that increase in floc size would significantly decrease the attractive specific total interaction with rough membrane surface. It was revealed that there existed a critical asperity radius above which the total interaction energy in certain separation distance coverage was continuously repulsive, facilitating membrane fouling control in MBRs. This study demonstrated the possibility to mitigate membrane fouling by "tailoring" membrane surface roughness.
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31
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Yan X, Xiao K, Liang S, Lei T, Liang P, Xue T, Yu K, Guan J, Huang X. Hydraulic optimization of membrane bioreactor via baffle modification using computational fluid dynamics. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 175:633-637. [PMID: 25465790 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.10.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Baffles are a key component of an airlift membrane bioreactor (MBR), which could enhance membrane surface shear for fouling control. In order to obtain an optimal hydraulic condition of the reactor, the effects of baffle location and size were systematically explored in this study. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to investigate the hydrodynamics in a bench-scale airlift flat sheet MBR with various baffle locations and sizes. Validated simulation results showed that side baffles were more effective in elevating membrane surface shear than front baffles. The maximum average shear stress was achieved by adjusting baffle size when both front and side baffles were installed. With the optimized baffle configuration, the shear stress was 10-30% higher than that without baffles at a same aeration intensity (specific air demand per membrane area in the range of 0-0.45m(3)m(-2)h(-1)). The effectiveness of baffles was particularly prominent at lower aeration intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Yan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kang Xiao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuai Liang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ting Lei
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Peng Liang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tao Xue
- Beijing Origin Water Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Kaichang Yu
- Beijing Origin Water Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jing Guan
- Beijing Origin Water Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xia Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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32
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Jin Z, Gong H, Wang K. Application of hybrid coagulation microfiltration with air backflushing to direct sewage concentration for organic matter recovery. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 283:824-31. [PMID: 25464325 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Revised: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The idea of sewage concentration is gradually being accepted as a promising and sustainable way of wastewater resource recovery. In this study, Hybrid coagulation microfiltration (HCM) with air backflushing (AB) was investigated to effectively concentrate organic matter. Compared to direct sewage microfiltration, the addition of coagulation process improved the filtration performance with less fouling trends and better concentration efficiency. The use of AB exhibited even better performance within the same 7-h preliminary concentration period by reducing to one tenth of the resistance and collecting around four times as much organic matter into the product concentrate as in direct sewage microfiltration. During 93-h lab-scale continuous concentration by HCM with AB, a product concentrate with the COD concentration over 15,000 mg/L was achieved and around 70% of total influent organic matter could be recovered. Compared to Direct Membrane Filtration (DMF) with Chemically Enhanced Backwash (CEB), HCM with AB achieved better concentration efficiency with higher concentration extent and concentration velocity along with less organic matter mineralization and the more concentrated product despite with lower organic matter retention. HCM with AB could be a promising effective sewage organic matter concentration for resource recovery under optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Jin
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
| | - Hui Gong
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
| | - Kaijun Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
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33
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Xiao K, Shen YX, Liang S, Liang P, Wang XM, Huang X. A systematic analysis of fouling evolution and irreversibility behaviors of MBR supernatant hydrophilic/hydrophobic fractions during microfiltration. J Memb Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2014.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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34
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35
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Xu Q, Hamid A, Wen X, Zhang B, Yang N. Fenton-Anoxic–Oxic/MBR process as a promising process for avermectin fermentation wastewater reclamation. Sep Purif Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2014.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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36
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Liang S, Qi G, Xiao K, Sun J, Giannelis EP, Huang X, Elimelech M. Organic fouling behavior of superhydrophilic polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) ultrafiltration membranes functionalized with surface-tailored nanoparticles: Implications for organic fouling in membrane bioreactors. J Memb Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2014.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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37
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38
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Sun Y, Shen YX, Liang P, Zhou J, Yang Y, Huang X. Linkages between microbial functional potential and wastewater constituents in large-scale membrane bioreactors for municipal wastewater treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 56:162-71. [PMID: 24675272 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale membrane bioreactors (MBRs) have been widely used for the municipal wastewater treatment, whose performance relies on microbial communities of activated sludge. Nevertheless, microbial functional structures in MBRs remain little understood. To gain insight into functional genes and their steering environmental factors, we adopted GeoChip, a high-throughput microarray-based tool, to examine microbial genes in four large-scale, in-operation MBRs located in Beijing, China. The results revealed substantial microbial gene heterogeneity (43.7-85.1% overlaps) among different MBRs. Mantel tests indicated that microbial nutrient cycling genes were significantly (P < 0.05) correlated to influent COD, [Formula: see text] -N, TP or sulfate, which signified the importance of microbial mediation of wastewater constituent removal. In addition, functional genes shared by all four MBRs contained a large number of genes involved in antibiotics resistance, metal resistance and organic remediation, suggesting that they were required for degradation or resistance to toxic compounds in wastewater. The linkages between microbial functional structures and environmental variables were also unveiled by the finding of hydraulic retention time, influent COD, [Formula: see text] -N, mixed liquid temperature and humic substances as major factors shaping microbial communities. Together, the results presented demonstrate the utility of GeoChip-based microarray approach in examining microbial communities of wastewater treatment plants and provide insights into the forces driving important processes of element cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Sun
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Yue-xiao Shen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Peng Liang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Jizhong Zhou
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Institute for Environmental Genomics, Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA; Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Yunfeng Yang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
| | - Xia Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
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39
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Xu S, Wu D, Hu Z. Impact of hydraulic retention time on organic and nutrient removal in a membrane coupled sequencing batch reactor. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 55:12-20. [PMID: 24583839 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Although solids retention time (SRT) is the key parameter in wastewater treatment design and operation, this study determined the effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT) on biological nutrient removal in a membrane coupled sequencing batch reactor (MSBR) at the fixed SRT of 10 days. During more than 200 days of operation, the HRT of the MSBR were decreased from 24 to 12 and to 6 h while the volumetric exchange ratio in each operating cycle was fixed at 50%. The decrease of HRT led to a proportional increase in biomass concentration at the fixed SRT. The system demonstrated excellent removal of organic matter with the highest COD removal efficiency (97%) achieved at the shortest HRT of 6 h. As HRT was reduced from 24 to 12 h, the total nitrogen removal efficiency improved from 68 ± 5% to 80 ± 4%, but there was no further improvement when HRT decreased to 6 h. Coincidently, similar and higher abundance of nitrifying bacteria was observed in the MSBR operated at the HRTs of 6 and 12 h than that at the HRT of 24 h. The total phosphorus removal efficiencies were 62 ± 15%, 77 ± 4% and 85 ± 3% at the HRTs of 24, 12 and 6 h, respectively. The maximum P release rates for activated sludge at the HRTs of 24, 12 and 6 h were 3.7 ± 0.5, 6.4 ± 0.2 and 8.7 ± 0.1 mg P/h, respectively, while the maximum P uptake rates were 3.2 ± 0.1, 8.6 ± 0.2 and 15.2 ± 0.2 mg P/h, respectively. Contradictory to the theory that effluent water quality is solely SRT dependent, the results suggest that it is also affected by HRT and resultant biomass concentration possibly due to factors such as change in hydrolysis of particulate organic matter, the unique microenvironment and transition between anaerobic and aerobic metabolism at high biomass concentrations in MSBR operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Xu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri, E2509 Lafferre Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Donglei Wu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Hu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri, E2509 Lafferre Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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40
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Zhou Z, Meng F, Lu H, Li Y, Jia X, He X. Simultaneous alkali supplementation and fouling mitigation in membrane bioreactors by on-line NaOH backwashing. J Memb Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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41
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Zheng M, Liu YC, Wang CW. Modeling of enhanced denitrification capacity with microbial storage product in MBR systems. Sep Purif Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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42
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Sun J, Xiao K, Mo Y, Liang P, Shen Y, Zhu N, Huang X. Seasonal characteristics of supernatant organics and its effect on membrane fouling in a full-scale membrane bioreactor. J Memb Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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43
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Liang S, Xiao K, Wu J, Liang P, Huang X. Mechanism of membrane filterability amelioration via tuning mixed liquor property by pre-ozonation. J Memb Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2013.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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44
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Wei CH, Amy G. Sludge Water Characteristics Under Different Separation Methods from a Membrane Bioreactor. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2013.800110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hai Wei
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gary Amy
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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45
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Zheng M, Liu YC, Wang CW, Xu KN. Study on enhanced denitrification using particulate organic matter in membrane bioreactor by mechanism modeling. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 93:2669-2674. [PMID: 24034894 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Particulate organic matter (POM) in wastewater is a potential denitrification carbon source, while the optimal operational mode using denitrification mechanism with POM is still unclear in wastewater treatment plants. In this work, we investigated the denitrification rates (DNRs) in a full-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR) coupled with two-stage pre-anoxic (pre-AN), and then evaluated the POM denitrification efficiency using mechanism modeling. The results indicate that POM related fraction accounted for the majority of the obtained specific DNR of 1.39±0.46mgNg(-1) MLVSS h(-1) in the second pre-AN without available soluble carbon source. The modeling approaches with calibration and validation procedures estimated a high residual POM concentration of 0.17g COD g(-1) MLVSS in the activated sludge, which provided specific DNR of 1.14mgNg(-1) MLVSS h(-1). High POM retention time in the reactor was the result of high solid retention time used in the MBR. In particular, post-AN of high biomass concentration could provide the highest POM denitrification efficiency in MBR. The MBR process combined with additional sludge reduction technology could further enhance denitrification by POM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zheng
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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46
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Xu M, Wen X, Huang X, Yu Z, Zhu M. Mechanisms of membrane fouling controlled by online ultrasound in an anaerobic membrane bioreactor for digestion of waste activated sludge. J Memb Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2013.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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47
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Improvement on the modified Lowry method against interference of divalent cations in soluble protein measurement. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:4167-78. [PMID: 23474613 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-4783-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This paper systematically investigated the interference of calcium and magnesium in protein measurement with a modified Lowry method first proposed by Frølund et al. (Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 43:755-761, 1995). This interference has in the past been largely ignored resulting in variable and unreliable results when applied to natural water matrices. We discovered significant formation of calcium and magnesium precipitates that lead to a decline in light absorbance at 750 nm during protein determination. Underestimation of protein concentration (sometimes even yielding negative concentrations) and low experiment reproducibility were demonstrated at high concentrations of divalent cations (e.g., [Ca(2+)] over 1 mmol L(-1)). To eliminate interference from calcium and magnesium, two pretreatment strategies were established based on cation exchange and dialysis. These pretreatments were convenient and were found to be highly effective in removing calcium and magnesium in protein samples. By using the modified Lowry method with these pretreatments, proteins in standard solutions and in wastewater samples were successfully quantified with good reliability and reproducibility. In addition, we demonstrated that simultaneous quantification of humic substances with the modified Lowry method was not affected by the two pretreatments. These approaches are expected to be applicable to protein and humic substance determination in different research fields, in cases where the modified Lowry method is sensitive to divalent cation concentrations.
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48
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Xiao K, Shen Y, Huang X. An analytical model for membrane fouling evolution associated with gel layer growth during constant pressure stirred dead-end filtration. J Memb Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2012.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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49
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Yu Z, Wen X, Xu M, Qi M, Huang X. Anaerobic digestibility of the waste activated sludge discharged from large-scale membrane bioreactors. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 126:358-361. [PMID: 23131311 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestibility of the waste activated sludge (WAS) discharged from large-scale membrane bioreactors (MBRs) and conventional activated sludge processes (CASs) were compared using batch trials. Four wastewater treatment plants were sampled. Results showed that the sludge from MBRs had poor anaerobic digestibility as it had lower volatile solid (VS) reduction rate and lower maximum biogas production rate. The partial sludge stabilization during the long sludge retention time (SRT) typically applied in MBRs was the possible reason. On the other hand, the difference in wastewater composition had a great impact on the properties of activated sludge and the downstream sludge digestion. Inorganic matter accumulation in the WAS may hinder the access of microorganisms to substrate. The humic-like substances accumulating in the activated sludge was expected to contribute to the worse digestibility and these substances were observed to be released during anaerobic digestion through three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Yu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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50
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Chen J, Zhang M, Wang A, Lin H, Hong H, Lu X. Osmotic pressure effect on membrane fouling in a submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor and its experimental verification. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 125:97-101. [PMID: 23026319 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A laboratory-scale submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAnMBR) treating sewage was used to investigate the membrane fouling mechanism. Characterization of cake layer formed on membrane surface showed that cake layer was hydrated, rich of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and negative charged with the charge density of 0.21-0.46 meq/kg MLSS. Detailed analysis revealed a new membrane fouling mechanism, osmotic pressure during cake layer filtration process due to the interception of ions. An osmotic pressure model was then developed to elaborate the existence of osmotic pressure and to estimate the contribution of osmotic pressure to membrane fouling. The calculated results showed that osmotic pressure accounted for the largest fraction of total operation pressure, indicating that osmotic pressure generated by the retained ions was one of the major mechanisms responsible for membrane fouling problem in MBRs. These findings provided a new insight into membrane fouling in MBRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Chen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Avenue, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province 321004, PR China
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