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Zeng XT, Bi WJ, Li P, Deng AP, Zhang L, Li YC, Dong Z. Intra-arterial chemotherapy for high-grade gliomas. Hippokratia 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd010549.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xian Tao Zeng
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University; Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine; 169 Donghu Road Wuhan City Hubei Province China 430071
| | - Wei Jing Bi
- West China Healthcare Hospital of Sichuan University; Department of Medicine; No.8 Lin Yin Street Chengdu Sichuan China 610041
| | - Ping Li
- Sichuan University; The Department of Head, Neck and Breast Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital; The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy; West China Hospital Wai Nan Guo Xue Line, No.37 Chengdu Sichuan China 610041
| | - Ai Ping Deng
- Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery; 32 South Renmin Road Shiyan Hubei China 442000
| | - Li Zhang
- Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery; 32 South Renmin Road Shiyan Hubei China 442000
| | - Yan Chu Li
- Sichuan University; The Department of Head, Neck and Breast Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital; The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy; West China Hospital Wai Nan Guo Xue Line, No.37 Chengdu Sichuan China 610041
| | - Zhiyong Dong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University; Department of Surgery; No.613, HuangPu Avenu West Guangzhou Guangdong China 510630
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Efficacy of concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide in glioblastoma treatment. A multicentre randomized study. Neurol Neurochir Pol 2013; 47:101-8. [PMID: 23649997 DOI: 10.5114/ninp.2013.34398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The common treatment in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme is the ultimately radical surgical removal of the tumour combined with radiotherapy. This study compared safety and efficacy of radiotherapy alone with radiotherapy combined with temozolomide (TMZ) given before, during, and after radiotherapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS The patients operated on for glioblastoma multiforme during the first 21 postoperative days were randomly assigned to the group treated with radiotherapy alone (involved-field radiotherapy in 2 Gy fractions daily five times a week up to the total of 60 Gy over 6 weeks of treatment) or to the group treated with radiotherapy and TMZ, initially in the dose of 200 mg/m² during 5 postoperative days and after 23 days followed by 75 mg/m2 of body surface area daily, 7 days a week (from the first to the last day of radiotherapy). On completion of radiotherapy, five complementary courses of TMZ were introduced (150-200 mg/m² for 5 days, repeated every 28 days). The primary outcome measure was overall survival. RESULTS Fifty-eight patients from 3 centres were included in the study. The mean age of patients was 55 years and all the patients underwent a surgical procedure of glioblastoma removal. The mean overall survival in the group treated with TMZ was 16.0 months, whereas in the group with radiotherapy alone the overall survival reached 12.5 months. 24-month survival reached 23% in patients treated with TMZ and 6.7% in those who received radiotherapy only. Haematological complications of third or fourth degree were present in 10% of patients treated with radiotherapy and TMZ. CONCLUSIONS The introduction of TMZ before, during and after radiotherapy for newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme gives clinically and statistically significant improvement of survival with unremarkably increased toxicity of the treatment.
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Philip-Ephraim EE, Eyong KI, Williams UE, Ephraim RP. The role of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the treatment of primary adult high grade gliomas: assessment of patients for these treatment approaches and the common immediate side effects. ISRN ONCOLOGY 2012; 2012:902178. [PMID: 23304556 PMCID: PMC3529903 DOI: 10.5402/2012/902178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are the commonest primary brain tumours in adults. They are usually classified and graded according to the criteria by the World Health Organisation. High-grade gliomas are the most malignant primary brain tumours. Conventional therapies include surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. The tumours often demonstrate high levels of resistance to these conventional therapies, and in spite of treatment advances the prognosis remains poor.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E Philip-Ephraim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, PMB 1278, Nigeria
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Abstract
Primary brain tumors are among the top ten causes of cancer-related deaths in the US. Malignant gliomas account for approximately 70% of the 22,500 new cases of malignant primary brain tumors diagnosed in adults each year and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Despite optimal treatment, the prognosis for patients with gliomas remains poor. The use of retinoids (vitamin A and its congeners) in the treatment of certain tumors was originally based on the assumption that these conditions were associated with an underlying deficiency of vitamin A and that supplementation with pharmacological doses would correct the deficiency. Yet the results of retinoid treatment have been only modestly beneficial and usually short-lived. Studies also indicate that vitamin A excess and supplementation have pro-oxidant effects and are associated with increased risks of mortality from cancer and other diseases. The therapeutic role of vitamin A in cancer thus remains uncertain and a new perspective on the facts is needed. The modest and temporary benefits of retinoid treatment could result from a process of feedback inhibition, whereby exogenous retinoid temporarily inhibits the endogenous synthesis of these compounds. In fact, repeated and/or excessive exposure of the tissues to endogenous retinoic acid may contribute to carcinogenesis. Gliomas, in particular, may result from an imbalance in retinoid receptor expression initiated by environmental factors that increase the endogenous production of retinoic acid in glia. At the receptor level, it is proposed that this imbalance is characterized by excessive expression of retinoic acid receptor-α (RARα) and reduced expression of retinoic acid receptor-β (RARβ). This suggests a potential new treatment strategy for gliomas, possibly even at a late stage of the disease, ie, to combine the use of a RARα antagonist and a RARβ agonist. According to this hypothesis, the RARα antagonist would be expected to inhibit RARα-induced gliomas, while the RARβ agonist would suppress tumor growth and possibly contribute to the regeneration of normal glia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R Mawson
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Health Sciences, College of Public Service, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA
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Tsitlakidis A, Foroglou N, Venetis CA, Patsalas I, Hatzisotiriou A, Selviaridis P. Biopsy versus resection in the management of malignant gliomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurosurg 2010; 112:1020-32. [DOI: 10.3171/2009.7.jns09758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Object
The aim of this study was to answer the question whether quality of life and progression-free and overall survival are increased in adults with supratentorial malignant glioma who are treated with cytoreductive resection as compared with those who only undergo biopsy.
Methods
A literature search of the electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL was performed to identify relevant studies published before May 2008. Hand-searching of reference lists of the identified studies and relevant review articles was also performed. A study was considered eligible, regardless of study design (prospective or retrospective), if: 1) quality of life and/or progression-free and/or overall survival was compared among adult patients undergoing biopsy or resection, and 2) patient age and Karnofsky Performance Scale scores were not significantly different among the 2 groups compared.
Results
One randomized controlled trial and 4 retrospective studies (involving a total of 1111 patients) were found eligible for this systematic review. A meta-analysis of the eligible studies demonstrated a significant increase in overall survival in the patients treated with resection instead of biopsy (hazard ratio 0.61, 95% CI 0.52–0.71, p < 0.0001, fixed-effect model). Although statistical pooling was not feasible, the available data suggest that quality of life was increased in patients treated with resection rather than biopsy, while there did not seem to be any significant difference in progression-free survival between the 2 groups.
Conclusions
Based on the best available evidence, it appears that cytoreductive resection in adults with supratentorial malignant glioma is associated with improved overall survival as compared with biopsy. However, well-designed prospective studies are needed for more solid conclusions to be drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christos A. Venetis
- 2Unit for Human Reproduction, First Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; and
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Crawford FW, Khayal IS, McGue C, Saraswathy S, Pirzkall A, Cha S, Lamborn KR, Chang SM, Berger MS, Nelson SJ. Relationship of pre-surgery metabolic and physiological MR imaging parameters to survival for patients with untreated GBM. J Neurooncol 2008; 91:337-51. [PMID: 19009235 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-008-9719-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2008] [Accepted: 10/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) are heterogeneous lesions, both in terms of their appearance on anatomic images and their response to therapy. The goal of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of parameters derived from physiological and metabolic images of these lesions. Fifty-six patients with GBM were scanned immediately before surgical resection using conventional anatomical MR imaging and, where possible, perfusion-weighted imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging, and proton MR spectroscopic imaging. The median survival time was 517 days, with 15 patients censored. Absolute anatomic lesion volumes were not associated with survival but patients for whom the combined volume of contrast enhancement and necrosis was a large percentage of the T2 hyperintense lesion had relatively poor survival. Other volumetric parameters linked with less favorable survival were the volume of the region with elevated choline to N-acetylaspartate index (CNI) and the volume within the T2 lesion that had apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) less than 1.5 times that in white matter. Intensity parameters associated with survival were the maximum and the sum of levels of lactate and of lipid within the CNI lesion, as well as the magnitude of the 10th percentile of the normalized ADC within the contrast-enhancing lesion. Patients whose imaging parameters indicating that lesions with a relatively large percentage with breakdown of the blood brain barrier or necrosis, large regions with abnormal metabolism or areas with restricted diffusion have relatively poor survival. These parameters may provide useful information for predicting outcome and for the stratification of patients into high or low risk groups for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forrest W Crawford
- Department of Radiology, University of California-San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, San Francisco, CA 94143-2532, USA
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Adam JF, Joubert A, Biston MC, Charvet AM, Peoc'h M, Le Bas JF, Balosso J, Estève F, Elleaume H. Prolonged survival of Fischer rats bearing F98 glioma after iodine-enhanced synchrotron stereotactic radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2005; 64:603-11. [PMID: 16338098 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2005.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2005] [Revised: 08/29/2005] [Accepted: 09/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Heavy-atom-enhanced synchrotron stereotactic radiotherapy (SSR) is a treatment that involves selective accumulation of high-Z elements in tumors followed by stereotactic irradiation with X-rays from a synchrotron source. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the efficacy of iodine-enhanced SSR could be further improved in the F98 rodent glioma model, by using a concomitant injection of an iodinated contrast agent and a transient blood-brain barrier opener (mannitol) during irradiation. METHODS AND MATERIALS Fourteen days after intracerebral inoculations of F98 cells, the rats were irradiated with 50-keV X-rays while receiving an infusion of hyperosmotic mannitol with iodine, either intravenously or via the carotid (9 to 15 rats per group, 117 rats total). RESULTS For doses<or=15 Gy, the intracarotid infusion of mannitol and iodine improved the rats' survival compared with intravenous injection or irradiation alone. The percentage-increased life spans (ILS) were 91%, 116%, and 169% without iodine, after infusion of iodine and mannitol intravenously, and intracarotid, respectively (15 Gy). At 25 Gy, the rats irradiated without iodine had the longest survival (ILS=607%), but no additional benefit was obtained with iodine and mannitol. CONCLUSIONS Iodine-enhanced SSR is significantly improved with concomitant intracarotid infusion of iodine and mannitol for radiation doses<or=15 Gy.
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Abstract
The human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays an oncogenic role in solid cancer, including brain primary and metastatic cancers. Transvascular nonviral gene therapy in combination with EGFR-RNA interference (RNAi) represents a new therapeutic approach to silencing oncogenic genes in solid cancers. This is achieved with pegylated immunoliposomes (PIL) carrying short hairpin RNA expression plasmids driven by the U6 RNA polymerase promoter and directed to target EGFR expression by RNAi. The PIL is comprised of a mixture of known lipids containing polyethyleneglycol (PEG), which stabilizes the PIL structure in vivo in circulation. The tissue target specificity of PILs is given by conjugation of approximately 1% of the PEG residues to monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that bind to specific endogenous receptors (i.e., insulin and transferrin receptors) located in the brain vascular endothelium, which forms the blood brain barrier (BBB), and brain cellular membranes, respectively. These mAbs are known to induce 1) receptor-mediated transcytosis of the PIL complex through the BBB and 2) transport to the brain cell nuclear compartment. Treatment of an experimental human brain tumor model in scid mice is possible with weekly intravenous RNAi gene therapy causing reduced tumor expression of EGFR and 88% increase in survival time of these mice with advanced intracranial brain cancer. The availability of additional RNAi tumor targets may improve the therapeutic efficacy of this new anticancer drug. The accessibility to chimeric and/or humanized mAbs directed to human BBB and brain cell specific-receptors may accelerate the application of this technology to the treatment of human tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben J Boado
- ArmaGen Technologies, Inc., Santa Monica, California 90401, USA.
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Dillman RO, Duma CM, Schiltz PM, DePriest C, Ellis RA, Okamoto K, Beutel LD, De Leon C, Chico S. Intracavitary placement of autologous lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells after resection of recurrent glioblastoma. J Immunother 2005; 27:398-404. [PMID: 15314549 DOI: 10.1097/00002371-200409000-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This study was performed to obtain safety and survival data for patients with histologically confirmed recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) who received intralesional lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells following surgery. LAK cells were generated by incubating peripheral blood mononuclear cells with interleukin-2 for 3 to 5 days in vitro. Forty patients with pathologic confirmation of GBM at surgery had placement of autologous LAK cells into the tumor cavity. The 23 men and 17 women had a median age of 48 years (range 21-76). The median interval from the original diagnosis of glioma to LAK treatment was 10.9 months. Patients received an average of 2.0 +/- 1.0 x 10(9) LAK cells, with viability of 91 +/- 6.8%. Treatment was well tolerated; there was one death within 60 days. At a median follow-up of 2.3 years, median survival post-LAK was 9.0 months; 1-year survival was 34%. Gender, age, location of tumor, LAK cell lytic activity, number of cells implanted, and inclusion of interleukin-2 at cell instillation were not correlated with outcome. Median survival from the date of original diagnosis for 31 patients who had GBM at initial diagnosis was 17.5 months versus 13.6 months for a control group of 41 contemporary GBM patients (p2 = 0.012). This treatment is safe and feasible. The median survival rates are higher than reported in most published series of patients who underwent reoperation for recurrent GBM. A randomized trial would be needed to establish therapeutic benefit.
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Håberg A, Kvistad KA, Unsgård G, Haraldseth O. Preoperative blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging in patients with primary brain tumors: clinical application and outcome. Neurosurgery 2004; 54:902-14; discussion 914-5. [PMID: 15046657 DOI: 10.1227/01.neu.0000114510.05922.f8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2003] [Accepted: 12/09/2003] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study sought to evaluate the ability of blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to successfully identify functional cortical areas in patients with primary brain tumors, to evaluate the use of the fMRI results in presurgical planning, and to assess the functional outcome of the patients with respect to the functional maps obtained with fMRI. METHODS The study included 25 consecutive preoperative fMRI sessions in patients with primary brain tumors in or near sensorimotor and/or language cortices. All fMRI paradigms were analyzed and rated according to the degree of success. Several distances between tumor and functional cortex as delineated with BOLD fMRI were measured to assess the topographic relationship between these two structures. Pre- and postoperative neurological statuses were obtained from the patients' journals. RESULTS Acquisition of BOLD fMRI images was successful in 80% of the cases. The primary cause of unsuccessful fMRI was echo-planar imaging signal voids that were the result of previous craniotomy; the secondary cause was excessive motion. The neurosurgeons used the fMRI results for preoperative planning in 75% of the cases in which fMRI was successful. The risk of postoperative loss of function tested with fMRI was significantly lower when the distance between tumor periphery and BOLD activity was 10 mm or more. CONCLUSION The majority of patients with primary brain tumors were capable of satisfactorily performing the fMRI paradigms, and the information obtained was used in the preoperative planning. A distance of 10 mm or more between the functional cortex, as delineated with fMRI, and the tumor significantly reduced the risk of postoperative loss of function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asta Håberg
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
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11
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Oh J, Henry RG, Pirzkall A, Lu Y, Li X, Catalaa I, Chang S, Dillon WP, Nelson SJ. Survival analysis in patients with glioblastoma multiforme: Predictive value of choline-to-n-acetylaspartate index, apparent diffusion coefficient, and relative cerebral blood volume. J Magn Reson Imaging 2004; 19:546-54. [PMID: 15112303 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.20039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the potential value of pre-external-beam radiation therapy (XRT) choline-to-NAA (N-acetylaspartate) index (CNI), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) for predicting survival in newly diagnosed patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-eight patients with GBM were studied using in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (1H MRSI) and diffusion- and perfusion-weighted imaging after surgery but prior to XRT. Patients were categorized on the basis of their volumes of morphologic and metabolic abnormalities (volume of CNI > or = 2 and CNI values), normalized ADC (nADC), or rCBV values within the T1 contrast-enhancing and T2 regions. The median survival time was compared. RESULTS A significantly shorter median survival time was observed for patients with a large volume of metabolic abnormality than for those with a small abnormality (12.0 and 17.1 months, respectively, P = 0.002). A similar pattern was observed for patients with a low mean nADC value compared to those with high mean nADC value within the T2 region (11.2 and 21.7 months, respectively, P = 0.004). A shorter median survival time was also observed for patients with contrast-enhancing residual disease than for those without the presence of contrast enhancement with marginal significance. CONCLUSION The pre-XRT volume of the metabolic abnormality and the nADC value within the T2 region may be valuable in predicting outcome for patients with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonmi Oh
- Magnetic Resonance Science Center, Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94107, USA.
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Adam JF, Elleaume H, Joubert A, Biston MC, Charvet AM, Balosso J, Le Bas JF, Estève F. Synchrotron radiation therapy of malignant brain glioma loaded with an iodinated contrast agent: First trial on rats bearing F98 gliomas. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2003; 57:1413-26. [PMID: 14630281 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2003.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Enhancement of the radiation dose delivered to a brain tumor can be achieved by infusing an iodinated contrast agent to the patient and irradiating with kilovoltage X-rays in computed tomography (CT) mode. Synchrotron sources, providing monochromatic tunable intense beams, are ideal for this treatment. The aim of this study is to assess in vivo the efficiency of this novel radiotherapy modality, Synchrotron Radiation CT-Therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Intracranial implantations of 10(5) F98 glioma cells were performed on 18 Fisher 344 rats. Six rats were untreated controls, six received radiotherapy alone (10 Gy in the tumor by single fraction tomographic irradiation at 50 keV), and six received the same radiotherapy treatment under a continuous infusion of iodinated contrast agent. RESULTS The rats that received contrast agent during radiotherapy survived significantly longer than rats that received radiotherapy alone (p = 0.025). Mean survival times (mean +/- SD) were 12.3 +/- 0.8, 14.8 +/- 2.8, and 18.2 +/- 1.3 days; median survival times were 12.5, 15, and 18 days (untreated controls, irradiated without iodine, irradiated with iodine, respectively). The increase in life spans was 20% and 44% for the rats irradiated without or with iodine, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This method of radiation dose enhancement in brain tumors with synchrotron radiation significantly increases survival and appears highly promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean François Adam
- Equipe d'accueil Rayonnement synchrotron et recherche médicale, Université Joseph Fourier, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France
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Won EK, Zahner MC, Grant EA, Gore P, Chicoine MR. Analysis of the antitumoral mechanisms of lipopolysaccharide against glioblastoma multiforme. Anticancer Drugs 2003; 14:457-66. [PMID: 12853889 DOI: 10.1097/00001813-200307000-00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Our objective was to analyze the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antitumoral effect upon glioblastoma, including whether the lipid A subunit alone can elicit glioblastoma regression, whether dexamethasone suppresses this response to LPS, whether B and T lymphocytes factor in this response, and whether this antitumoral effect of LPS provides resistance against subsequent challenge with glioblastoma. Mice (BALB/c, nude or SCID) implanted with s.c. DBT glioblastomas were treated with LPS (with or without dexamethasone) or with lipid A. A subset of BALB/c mice in which s.c. DBT glioblastomas had previously been eradicated using LPS were re-implanted with s.c. or intracranial (i.c.) DBT cells. For mice with s.c. tumors, mean tumor masses (MTM) were compared between groups. Survival was compared for mice with i.c. tumors. Lipid A caused near complete tumor regression of DBT glioblastomas in BALB/c mice (p<0.0001). Dexamethasone did not alter the antitumoral effect of LPS (p=0.48). LPS reduced the MTM of s.c. glioblastomas in T lymphocyte-deficient nude mice, but not as effectively as in immunocompetent mice. The antitumoral response to LPS for T and B lymphocyte-deficient SCID mice bearing DBT glioblastomas was similar to that for nude mice. Eradication of s.c. DBT glioblastoma in BALB/c provided partial resistance to subsequent challenge with s.c. or i.c. glioblastoma. We conclude that the LPS-mediated antitumoral response against glioblastoma is dependent upon the lipid A subunit of LPS, partially dependent upon T lymphocytes, independent of B lymphocytes, unaffected by dexamethasone and provides partial protection against subsequent challenges with glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Kyung Won
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Augustus TM, Anderson J, Hess SM, Bierbach U. Bis(acridinylthiourea)platinum(II) complexes: synthesis, DNA affinity, and biological activity in glioblastoma cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:855-8. [PMID: 12617907 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)01078-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of two novel bis(acridine)platinum(II) complexes is reported. The 4+ charged conjugates associate strongly with double-stranded native DNA (K(i)>10(6)), possibly through bisintercalation. A cell viability assay was used to demonstrate that both compounds are capable of mediating cytotoxicity at micromolar concentrations in SNB19 brain tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd M Augustus
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
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Abstract
To investigate the antiangiogenic potential of 10-hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT), the proliferation of human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC) and seven human tumor cell lines were detected by SRB assay, and the endothelial cell migration and tube formation were assessed using two in vitro model systems. Also, inhibition of angiogenesis was determined with a modification of the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay in vivo. Morphological assessment of apoptosis was performed by fluorescence microscope. HCPT 0.313-5 micromol x L(-1) treatment resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of proliferation, migration and tube formation in HMEC cells, and HCPT 6.25-25 nmol x egg(-1) inhibited angiogenesis in CAM assay. HCPT 1.25-5 micromol x L(-1) elicited typical morphological changes of apoptosis including condensed chromatin, nuclear fragmentation, and reduction in volume in HMEC cells. HCPT significantly inhibited angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo at relatively low concentrations, and this effect was related with induction of apoptosis in HMEC cells. These results taken collectively suggest that HCPT may be a potent antiangiogenetic and cytotoxic drug and further investigation is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Xiao
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China
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