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Fatma R, Chauhan W, Riyaz S, Rasheed K, Afzal M. Genetic association analysis of rs662799 ( − 1131A > G) polymorphism of APOA5 gene with morphometric and physio-metric traits using multiplex PCR. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-023-00398-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) gene, significantly expressed in liver, has been involved in regulation of triglyceride metabolism, plasma lipid levels, serum adipokine levels and cardiovascular traits. A single-nucleotide polymorphism rs662799 ( − 1131A > G), 2 Kb upstream in the promoter region of this gene, causes decrease in the concentration of the product coded by this gene; hence, it may be responsible for impairments in normal function of the gene, ultimately leading to disease condition. Keeping in view the importance of APOA5 gene, the aim of the present study was to examine the association of genetic variant rs662799 of APOA5 gene with two quantitative traits simultaneously, viz. body mass index and blood pressure.
Results
The study involved a population of 246 subjects from North Indian region. Measurements of morphometric and physio-metric parameters were recorded using standard measures. Genotyping of APOA5 gene polymorphism (rs662799) using Tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system PCR was performed. Statistical analyses were carried out using MS-Excel and SigmaPlot, and significance level was setup as p < 0.05. The allelic distribution of rs662799 polymorphism in this population was 77% for major allele (A) and 23% for minor allele (G). Significant association of rs662799 with increased body mass index and blood pressure was observed, with the presence of allele G. Under recessive genetic model, rs662799 polymorphism conferred a 17.71-fold risk of elevated body mass index (OR = 17.71, p < 0.001, CI (95%) = 4.05–77.46), and for increase in blood pressure, 3.79- and 3.83-fold risk of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure (OR = 3.792, p = 0.023, CI (95%) = 1.25–11.509 and OR = 3.83, p = 0.012, CI (95%) = 1.375–10.68, respectively) was observed. Under dominant genetic model, it showed a 3.060-fold risk of increase in body mass index (OR = 3.060, p < 0.001, CI (95%) = 1.78–5.25).
Conclusions
G allele of rs662799 of APOA5 gene showed significant susceptible association with BMI and BP. This study may be helpful for clinicians and researchers to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic value of the gene in question.
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Association of the APOA-5 Genetic Variant rs662799 with Metabolic Changes after an Intervention for 9 Months with a Low-Calorie Diet with a Mediterranean Profile. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122427. [PMID: 35745158 PMCID: PMC9231022 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In cross-sectional studies, the genetic variant rs662799 of the APOA5 gene is associated with high serum triglyceride concentrations, and in some studies, the effect of short-term dietary interventions has been evaluated. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the role of this genetic variant in metabolic changes after the consumption of a low-calorie diet with a Mediterranean pattern for 9 months. A population of 269 Caucasian obese patients was recruited. Adiposity and biochemical parameters were measured at the beginning (basal level) and after 3 and 9 months of the dietary intervention. The rs662799 genotype was assessed with a dominant analysis (TT vs. CT + CC). The APOA5 variant distribution was: 88.1% (n = 237) (TT), 11.5% (n = 31) (TC) and 0.4% (n = 1) (CC). There were significant differences only in triglyceride levels at all times of the study between the genotype groups. After 3 and 9 months of dietary intervention, the following parameters improved in both genotype groups: adiposity parameters, systolic pressure, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, leptin, adiponectin and the leptin/adiponectin ratio. The intervention significantly decreased insulin levels, HOMA-IR and triglyceride levels in non-C allele carriers (Delta 9 months TT vs. TC + CC). i.e., insulin levels (delta: −3.8 + 0.3 UI/L vs. −1.2 + 0.2 UI/L; p = 0.02), HOMA-IR levels (delta: −1.2 + 0.2 units vs. −0.3 + 0.1 units; p = 0.02), triglyceride levels (delta: −19.3 + 4.2 mg/dL vs. −4.2 + 3.0 mg/dL; p = 0.02). In conclusion, non-C allele carriers of rs662799 of the APOA5 gene showed a decrease of triglyceride, insulin and HOMA-IR levels after consuming a low-calorie diet with a Mediterranean pattern; we did not observe this effect in C allele carriers, despite a significant weight loss.
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Jiang X, Yang Z, Wang S, Deng S. “Big Data” Approaches for Prevention of the Metabolic Syndrome. Front Genet 2022; 13:810152. [PMID: 35571045 PMCID: PMC9095427 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.810152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by the concurrence of multiple metabolic disorders resulting in the increased risk of a variety of diseases related to disrupted metabolism homeostasis. The prevalence of MetS has reached a pandemic level worldwide. In recent years, extensive amount of data have been generated throughout the research targeted or related to the condition with techniques including high-throughput screening and artificial intelligence, and with these “big data”, the prevention of MetS could be pushed to an earlier stage with different data source, data mining tools and analytic tools at different levels. In this review we briefly summarize the recent advances in the study of “big data” applications in the three-level disease prevention for MetS, and illustrate how these technologies could contribute tobetter preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinping Jiang
- Department of United Ultrasound, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhang Yang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuanglin Deng
- Department of Oncological Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Shuanglin Deng,
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APOA-5 Genetic Variant rs662799: Role in Lipid Changes and Insulin Resistance after a Mediterranean Diet in Caucasian Obese Subjects. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:1257145. [PMID: 34422134 PMCID: PMC8378982 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1257145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aims This APOA5-1131C allele is related with a higher serum triglyceride levels and perhaps a different metabolic response to a dietary intervention. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate SNP rs662799 in the APOA5 gene and its associations with metabolic effects after a hypocaloric diet with Mediterranean pattern. Methods A population of 363 Caucasian obese patients was enrolled. Anthropometric parameters and serum parameters (lipid profile, insulin, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR), glucose, C reactive protein, adiponectin, resistin, and leptin levels) were measured, at basal time and after 3 months. All patients were genotyped in the rs662799 polymorphism. Results The APOA5 variant distribution was as follows: 89.3% (n = 324) (TT) were homozygous for the T allele, 10.5% (n = 38) (TC) were heterozygous, and 0.2% (n = 1) (CC) were homozygous for the C allele. Triglyceride levels were higher in patients with the C allele. After dietary intervention, BMI, weight, fat mass, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, adiponectin, leptin, and adiponectin/leptin ratio improved significantly in both genotype groups TT and TC+CC. After dietary intervention, insulin levels (delta: −3.6 ± 0.8 UI/L vs. −1.5 ± 0.6 UI/L; P = 0.03), HOMA-IR (delta: −1.5 ± 0.4 units vs. −0.3 ± 0.2 units; P = 0.02), and triglyceride levels (delta: −19.3 ± 4.2 mg/dL vs. −3.2 ± 3.1 mg/dL; P = 0.02) decreased in non-C allele carriers. Conclusions C allele carriers of rs662799 of the APOA5 gene did not show an improvement in triglyceride, insulin, and HOMA-IR levels after a significant weight loss due to a hypocaloric diet with a Mediterranean pattern.
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Liu PL, Hsu MY, Hu CC, Tantoh DM, Lu WY, Nfor ON, Liaw YP. Association of Age and Sex with Metabolic Syndrome in Taiwanese Adults. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:1403-1411. [PMID: 33907444 PMCID: PMC8068491 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s296814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate the association of age and sex with metabolic syndrome (MS) in Taiwanese adults. Methods We extracted information of 4307 men and 4783 women aged 30–70 from the Taiwan Biobank. Results The interaction between age and sex on MS was significant (p-value = 0.0001). After stratification by sex, men and women aged 50–70 years (reference: 30≤age<50 years) had a higher risk of MS. The odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI) was 2.316, 1.936–2.772 in men and 3.101, 2.561–3.754 in women. After stratification by age, men aged 50–70 years had a lower risk of MS compared to women (OR, 95% CI = 0.713, 0.598–0.851). Conclusion The interaction between age and sex on MS was significant. Sex-wise, both men and women aged 50–70 years had a higher likelihood of MS. Age-wise, men aged 50–70 years had a lower risk of MS compared to women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pang-Li Liu
- Department of Medical Sociology and Social Work, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yi Hsu
- Department of Nursing, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Chin Hu
- Department of Medical Applied Chemistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Disline Manli Tantoh
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan.,Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yu Lu
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Oswald Ndi Nfor
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Po Liaw
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan.,Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
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6
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Bovolini A, Garcia J, Andrade MA, Duarte JA. Metabolic Syndrome Pathophysiology and Predisposing Factors. Int J Sports Med 2020; 42:199-214. [PMID: 33075830 DOI: 10.1055/a-1263-0898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors with high prevalence among adult populations and elevated costs for public health systems worldwide. Despite the lack of consensus regarding the syndrome definition and diagnosis criteria, it is characterized by the coexistence of risk factors such as abdominal obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure, a prothrombotic and pro-inflammatory state, insulin resistance (IR), and higher glucose levels, factors indubitably linked to an increased risk of developing chronic conditions, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The syndrome has a complex and multifaceted origin not fully understood; however, it has been strongly suggested that sedentarism and unbalanced dietary patterns might play a fundamental role in its development. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview from the syndrome epidemiology, costs, and main etiological traits from its relationship with unhealthy diet patterns and sedentary lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juliana Garcia
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real
| | | | - José Alberto Duarte
- CIAFEL Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto.,University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317 4585-116 Gandra Paredes, Portugal
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7
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Prasad G, Bandesh K, Giri AK, Kauser Y, Chanda P, Parekatt V, Mathur S, Madhu SV, Venkatesh P, Bhansali A, Marwaha RK, Basu A, Tandon N, Bharadwaj D. Genome-Wide Association Study of Metabolic Syndrome Reveals Primary Genetic Variants at CETP Locus in Indians. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E321. [PMID: 31366177 PMCID: PMC6723498 DOI: 10.3390/biom9080321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Indians, a rapidly growing population, constitute vast genetic heterogeneity to that of Western population; however they have become a sedentary population in past decades due to rapid urbanization ensuing in the amplified prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS). We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of MetS in 10,093 Indian individuals (6,617 MetS and 3,476 controls) of Indo-European origin, that belong to our previous biorepository of The Indian Diabetes Consortium (INDICO). The study was conducted in two stages-discovery phase (N = 2,158) and replication phase (N = 7,935). We discovered two variants within/near the CETP gene-rs1800775 and rs3816117-associated with MetS at genome-wide significance level during replication phase in Indians. Additional CETP loci rs7205804, rs1532624, rs3764261, rs247617, and rs173539 also cropped up as modest signals in Indians. Haplotype association analysis revealed GCCCAGC as the strongest haplotype within the CETP locus constituting all seven CETP signals. In combined analysis, we perceived a novel and functionally relevant sub-GWAS significant locus-rs16890462 in the vicinity of SFRP1 gene. Overlaying gene regulatory data from ENCODE database revealed that single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs16890462 resides in repressive chromatin in human subcutaneous adipose tissue as characterized by the enrichment of H3K27me3 and CTCF marks (repressive gene marks) and diminished H3K36me3 marks (activation gene marks). The variant displayed active DNA methylation marks in adipose tissue, suggesting its likely regulatory activity. Further, the variant also disrupts a potential binding site of a key transcription factor, NRF2, which is known for involvement in obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauri Prasad
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110025, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology Campus, New Delhi 110020, India
| | - Khushdeep Bandesh
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110025, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology Campus, New Delhi 110020, India
| | - Anil K Giri
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110025, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology Campus, New Delhi 110020, India
| | - Yasmeen Kauser
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110025, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology Campus, New Delhi 110020, India
| | - Prakriti Chanda
- Systems Genomics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Vaisak Parekatt
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Sandeep Mathur
- Department of Endocrinology, S.M.S. Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302004, India
| | - Sri Venkata Madhu
- Division of Endocrinology, University College of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110095, India
| | - Pradeep Venkatesh
- Department of Endocrinology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Anil Bhansali
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector-12, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Raman K Marwaha
- Department of Endocrinology, International Life Sciences Institute, New Delhi 110024, India
| | - Analabha Basu
- National Institute of Bio Medical Genomics, Netaji Subhas Sanatorium (Tuberculosis Hospital), Kalyani 741251, West Bengal, India
| | - Nikhil Tandon
- Department of Endocrinology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
| | - Dwaipayan Bharadwaj
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology Campus, New Delhi 110020, India.
- Systems Genomics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
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8
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Zhu Y, Zhang D, Zhou D, Li Z, Li Z, Fang L, Yang M, Shan Z, Li H, Chen J, Zhou X, Ye W, Yu S, Li H, Cai L, Liu C, Zhang J, Wang L, Lai Y, Ruan L, Sun Z, Zhang S, Wang H, Liu Y, Xu Y, Ling J, Xu C, Zhang Y, Lv D, Yuan Z, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Shi Y, Lai M. Susceptibility loci for metabolic syndrome and metabolic components identified in Han Chinese: a multi-stage genome-wide association study. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:1106-1116. [PMID: 28371326 PMCID: PMC5431133 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of metabolic disturbances that increase the risk for cardiovascular disease and diabetes, was because of genetic susceptibility and environmental risk factors. To identify the genetic variants associated with MetS and metabolic components, we conducted a genome-wide association study followed by replications in totally 12,720 participants from the north, north-eastern and eastern China. In combined analyses, independent of the top known signal at rs651821 on APOA5, we newly identified a secondary triglyceride-associated signal at rs180326 on BUD13 (Pcombined = 2.4 × 10-8 ). Notably, by an integrated analysis of the genotypes and the serum levels of APOA5, BUD13 and triglyceride, we observed that BUD13 was another potential mediator, besides APOA5, of the association between rs651821 and serum triglyceride. rs671 (ALDH2), an east Asian-specific common variant, was found to be associated with MetS (Pcombined = 9.7 × 10-22 ) in Han Chinese. The effects of rs671 on metabolic components were more prominent in drinkers than in non-drinkers. The replicated loci provided information on the genetic basis and mechanisms of MetS and metabolic components in Han Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dan Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenli Li
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Social Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Le Fang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongyan Shan
- The Endocrine Institute and Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Social Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianghai Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Ye
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Senhai Yu
- Daicun Town Community Health Service Center, Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huabin Li
- Xiaoshan District Sixth People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Libin Cai
- Xiaoshan District Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chengguo Liu
- Putuo District People's Hospital, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yaxin Lai
- The Endocrine Institute and Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Liansheng Ruan
- Putuo District People's Hospital, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhanhang Sun
- Putuo District People's Hospital, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuyang Xu
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Ling
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunxiao Xu
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Duo Lv
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zheping Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingqi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongyong Shi
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Social Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Maode Lai
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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9
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Zhang YP, Zhang YY, Duan DD. From Genome-Wide Association Study to Phenome-Wide Association Study: New Paradigms in Obesity Research. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2016; 140:185-231. [PMID: 27288830 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a condition in which excess body fat has accumulated over an extent that increases the risk of many chronic diseases. The current clinical classification of obesity is based on measurement of body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio, and body fat percentage. However, these measurements do not account for the wide individual variations in fat distribution, degree of fatness or health risks, and genetic variants identified in the genome-wide association studies (GWAS). In this review, we will address this important issue with the introduction of phenome, phenomics, and phenome-wide association study (PheWAS). We will discuss the new paradigm shift from GWAS to PheWAS in obesity research. In the era of precision medicine, phenomics and PheWAS provide the required approaches to better definition and classification of obesity according to the association of obese phenome with their unique molecular makeup, lifestyle, and environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-P Zhang
- Pediatric Heart Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Y-Y Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Changzhou Second People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - D D Duan
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Phenomics, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Department of Pharmacology, and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV, United States.
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10
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Tekola-Ayele F, Doumatey AP, Shriner D, Bentley AR, Chen G, Zhou J, Fasanmade O, Johnson T, Oli J, Okafor G, Eghan BA, Agyenim-Boateng K, Adebamowo C, Amoah A, Acheampong J, Adeyemo A, Rotimi CN. Genome-wide association study identifies African-ancestry specific variants for metabolic syndrome. Mol Genet Metab 2015; 116:305-13. [PMID: 26507551 PMCID: PMC5292212 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a constellation of metabolic disorders that increase the risk of developing several diseases including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Although genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have successfully identified variants associated with individual traits comprising MetS, the genetic basis and pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the clustering of these traits remain unclear. We conducted GWAS of MetS in 1427 Africans from Ghana and Nigeria followed by replication testing and meta-analysis in another continental African sample from Kenya. Further replication testing was performed in an African American sample from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. We found two African-ancestry specific variants that were significantly associated with MetS: SNP rs73989312[A] near CA10 that conferred increased risk (P=3.86 × 10(-8), OR=6.80) and SNP rs77244975[C] in CTNNA3 that conferred protection against MetS (P=1.63 × 10(-8), OR=0.15). Given the exclusive expression of CA10 in the brain, our CA10 finding strengthens previously reported link between brain function and MetS. We also identified two variants that are not African specific: rs76822696[A] near RALYL associated with increased MetS risk (P=7.37 × 10(-9), OR=1.59) and rs7964157[T] near KSR2 associated with reduced MetS risk (P=4.52 × 10(-8), Pmeta=7.82 × 10(-9), OR=0.53). The KSR2 locus displayed pleiotropic associations with triglyceride and measures of blood pressure. Rare KSR2 mutations have been reported to be associated with early onset obesity and insulin resistance. Finally, we replicated the LPL and CETP loci previously found to be associated with MetS in Europeans. These findings provide novel insights into the genetics of MetS in Africans and demonstrate the utility of conducting trans-ethnic disease gene mapping studies for testing the cosmopolitan significance of GWAS signals of cardio-metabolic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fasil Tekola-Ayele
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Ayo P Doumatey
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Shriner
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amy R Bentley
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Guanjie Chen
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jie Zhou
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Johnnie Oli
- University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
| | | | - Benjami A Eghan
- University of Science and Technology, Department of Medicine, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Clement Adebamowo
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Albert Amoah
- University of Ghana Medical School, Department of Medicine, Accra, Ghana
| | - Joseph Acheampong
- University of Science and Technology, Department of Medicine, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Adebowale Adeyemo
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Charles N Rotimi
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Yan SK, Liu RH, Jin HZ, Liu XR, Ye J, Shan L, Zhang WD. "Omics" in pharmaceutical research: overview, applications, challenges, and future perspectives. Chin J Nat Med 2015; 13:3-21. [PMID: 25660284 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(15)60002-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In the post-genomic era, biological studies are characterized by the rapid development and wide application of a series of "omics" technologies, including genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, transcriptomics, lipidomics, cytomics, metallomics, ionomics, interactomics, and phenomics. These "omics" are often based on global analyses of biological samples using high through-put analytical approaches and bioinformatics and may provide new insights into biological phenomena. In this paper, the development and advances in these omics made in the past decades are reviewed, especially genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics; the applications of omics technologies in pharmaceutical research are then summarized in the fields of drug target discovery, toxicity evaluation, personalized medicine, and traditional Chinese medicine; and finally, the limitations of omics are discussed, along with the future challenges associated with the multi-omics data processing, dynamics omics analysis, and analytical approaches, as well as amenable solutions and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Kai Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Run-Hui Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hui-Zi Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xin-Ru Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ji Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lei Shan
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wei-Dong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 200040, China.
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12
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Carty CL, Bhattacharjee S, Haessler J, Cheng I, Hindorff LA, Aroda V, Carlson CS, Hsu CN, Wilkens L, Liu S, Selvin E, Jackson R, North KE, Peters U, Pankow JS, Chatterjee N, Kooperberg C. Analysis of metabolic syndrome components in >15 000 african americans identifies pleiotropic variants: results from the population architecture using genomics and epidemiology study. CIRCULATION. CARDIOVASCULAR GENETICS 2014; 7:505-13. [PMID: 25023634 PMCID: PMC4142758 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.113.000386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) refers to the clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors, including dyslipidemia, central adiposity, hypertension, and hyperglycemia, in individuals. Identification of pleiotropic genetic factors associated with MetS traits may shed light on key pathways or mediators underlying MetS. METHODS AND RESULTS Using the Metabochip array in 15 148 African Americans from the Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) study, we identify susceptibility loci and investigate pleiotropy among genetic variants using a subset-based meta-analysis method, ASsociation-analysis-based-on-subSETs (ASSET). Unlike conventional models that lack power when associations for MetS components are null or have opposite effects, Association-analysis-based-on-subsets uses 1-sided tests to detect positive and negative associations for components separately and combines tests accounting for correlations among components. With Association-analysis-based-on-subsets, we identify 27 single nucleotide polymorphisms in 1 glucose and 4 lipids loci (TCF7L2, LPL, APOA5, CETP, and APOC1/APOE/TOMM40) significantly associated with MetS components overall, all P<2.5e-7, the Bonferroni adjusted P value. Three loci replicate in a Hispanic population, n=5172. A novel African American-specific variant, rs12721054/APOC1, and rs10096633/LPL are associated with ≥3 MetS components. We find additional evidence of pleiotropy for APOE, TOMM40, TCF7L2, and CETP variants, many with opposing effects (eg, the same rs7901695/TCF7L2 allele is associated with increased odds of high glucose and decreased odds of central adiposity). CONCLUSIONS We highlight a method to increase power in large-scale genomic association analyses and report a novel variant associated with all MetS components in African Americans. We also identify pleiotropic associations that may be clinically useful in patient risk profiling and for informing translational research of potential gene targets and medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara L. Carty
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Samsiddhi Bhattacharjee
- National Cancer Institute
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jeff Haessler
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Iona Cheng
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, WB, India
| | | | - Vanita Aroda
- MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, MD
| | | | - Chun-Nan Hsu
- University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ulrike Peters
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | | | | | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
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Fathy MM, Wahab AAA, Tabozada S, Ibrahim M, Aref W, Hamid MAA. Association of apolipoprotein A5 gene 1131T/C polymorphism with dyslipidemia and insulin resistance in Egyptian patients with metabolic syndrome. COMPARATIVE CLINICAL PATHOLOGY 2013; 22:1245-1250. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-012-1558-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Association of apolipoprotein A5 gene -1131T>C polymorphism with the risk of metabolic syndrome in Korean subjects. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:585134. [PMID: 23509746 PMCID: PMC3581288 DOI: 10.1155/2013/585134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the associations between the APOA5 −1131T>C polymorphism and lipid parameters and other risk factors of the metabolic syndrome in Korean subjects. A total of 2,901 participants from 20 oriental medical hospitals in Korea were enrolled between 2006 and 2011. According to the modified National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III definitions, subjects were classified into the metabolic syndrome group and control group. The APOA5 −1131T>C genotype was significantly associated with serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (effect = − 1.700 mg/dL, P=6.550-E07) in the total study population after adjustment for differences in age and gender. The association of the APOA5 −1131T>C genotype with serum log-transformed triglyceride was also significant in an additive genetic model (effect = 0.056 mg/dL, P=2.286E-19). After adjustment for age and gender, we determined that the odds ratio for the occurrence of the metabolic syndrome was 1.322 for C-allele carriers in the additive model (95% CI = [1.165 − 1.501], P=1.48E-05). In the current study, we demonstrated that the APOA5 −1131T>C polymorphism is associated with the metabolic syndrome because of its remarkable effect on serum triglyceride levels in Korean subjects.
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Blackett PR, Sanghera DK. Genetic determinants of cardiometabolic risk: a proposed model for phenotype association and interaction. J Clin Lipidol 2013; 7:65-81. [PMID: 23351585 PMCID: PMC3559023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2012.04.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review provides a translational and unifying summary of metabolic syndrome genetics and highlights evidence that genetic studies are starting to unravel and untangle origins of the complex and challenging cluster of disease phenotypes. The associated genes effectively express in the brain, liver, kidney, arterial endothelium, adipocytes, myocytes, and β cells. Progression of syndrome traits has been associated with ectopic lipid accumulation in the arterial wall, visceral adipocytes, myocytes, and liver. Thus, it follows that the genetics of dyslipidemia, obesity, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease are central in triggering progression of the syndrome to overt expression of disease traits and have become a key focus of interest for early detection and for designing prevention and treatments. To support the "birds' eye view" approach, we provide a road-map depicting commonality and interrelationships between the traits and their genetic and environmental determinants based on known risk factors, metabolic pathways, pharmacologic targets, treatment responses, gene networks, pleiotropy, and association with circadian rhythm. Although only a small portion of the known heritability is accounted for and there is insufficient support for clinical application of gene-based prediction models, there is direction and encouraging progress in a rapidly moving field that is beginning to show clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piers R Blackett
- Department of Pediatrics, 940 NE 13St., University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Dharambir K Sanghera
- Department of Pediatrics, 940 NE 13St., University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the adiponectin levels and various characteristics of the metabolic syndrome (MS) in a sample of the Tunisian population. Three hundred and fifty-four individuals were included in this study. Body mass index, blood pressure, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, and adiponectin concentrations were measured. Insulin resistance was assessed by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). MS was identified with the NCEP-ATP III criteria. Subjects with MS showed significantly lower adiponectin levels compared to those without MS. For both genders, the prevalence and the number of MS components increased significantly as the adiponectin concentrations decreased. Subjects with the lowest adiponectin quartile had an increased risk of MS adjusted for age, gender, and HOMA-IR. Our findings suggest that hypoadiponectinemia is strongly associated with the risk of MS independent of insulin resistance.
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17
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Belfki H, Ben Ali S, Bougatef S, Ben Ahmed D, Haddad N, Jmal A, Abdennebi M, Ben Romdhane H. Relationship of C-reactive protein with components of the metabolic syndrome in a Tunisian population. Eur J Intern Med 2012; 23:e5-9. [PMID: 22153549 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2011.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Revised: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND C-reactive protein (CRP) is an independent risk factor of diabetes and cardiovascular disease and it is proposed as a component of metabolic syndrome (MS). This study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between CRP and various characteristics of the MS in a sample of the Tunisian population METHODS One hundred and forty nine patients with MS and 152 controls, aged 35-70 years were recruited. Waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), glucose, insulin and CRP were measured. Insulin resistance was assessed by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). MS was defined by NCEP-ATPIII report RESULTS CRP levels were significantly higher in MS group (4.41±3.73 mg/L vs. 2.68±2.59 mg/L, p<0.001) compared to without MS group. For both sexes, CRP increased as the number of MS components increased (p=0.015 for men and p<0.001) after adjustment for age, smoking, alcohol intake and, for women, menopause. There were statistically significant positive correlations for log CRP with WC, log TG, and log HOMA-IR in both sexes adjusted for confounding factors listed above. A significant negative correlation was found between HDL-C and log CRP only in women. In both sexes, WC was identified, by multiple linear regression models, as significant independent predictor of CRP level variability. HDL-C showed also a significant contribution only in women CONCLUSIONS The present study provides evidence that CRP levels are elevated in MS subjects. In addition, WC and HDL-C are significant predictors of the CRP elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanen Belfki
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Tunis, Tunisia.
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Monda KL, North KE, Hunt SC, Rao DC, Province MA, Kraja AT. The genetics of obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2011; 10:86-108. [PMID: 20406164 DOI: 10.2174/187153010791213100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we discuss the genetic architecture of obesity and the metabolic syndrome, highlighting recent advances in identifying genetic variants and loci responsible for a portion of the variation in components of the metabolic syndrome, namely, adiposity traits, serum HDL and triglycerides, blood pressure, and glycemic traits. We focus particularly on recent progress from large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS), by detailing their successes and how lessons learned can pave the way for future discovery. Results from recent GWAS coalesce with earlier work suggesting numerous interconnections between obesity and the metabolic syndrome, developed through several potentially pleiotropic effects. We detail recent work by way of a case study on the cadherin 13 gene and its relation with adiponectin in the HyperGEN and the Framingham Heart Studies, and its association with obesity and the metabolic syndrome. We provide also a gene network analysis of recent variants related to obesity and metabolic syndrome discovered through genome-wide association studies, and 4 gene networks based on searching the NCBI database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keri L Monda
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.
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Ong KL, Jiang CQ, Liu B, Jin YL, Tso AWK, Tam S, Wong KS, Tomlinson B, Cheung BMY, Lin JM, Yue XJ, Lam KSL, Lam TH, Thomas GN. Association of a genetic variant in the apolipoprotein A5 gene with the metabolic syndrome in Chinese. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2011; 74:206-13. [PMID: 21054477 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2010.03899.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the apolipoprotein A5 gene (APOA5) are associated with hypertriglyceridaemia in our population. We studied the associations of SNPs in APOA5 with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the Hong Kong and Guangzhou Chinese. METHODS We genotyped five tagging SNPs in 1330 unrelated subjects from the Hong Kong Cardiovascular Risk Factor Prevalence Study cohort with follow-up after a median interval of 6·4 years; 1952 subjects from the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study-Cardiovascular Disease Subcohort were used to replicate the findings. The MetS was defined according to the consensus criteria proposed jointly by several organizations in 2009. RESULTS The SNP rs662799 (-1131T>C) was associated with the MetS (odds ratio = 1·47, P = 0·00082) and the number of its components present (regression coefficient = 0·204, P = 4·6 × 10(-5) ) after adjusting for age, sex, smoking, drinking and education in Hong Kong subjects at baseline. Similar association of this SNP was found in Hong Kong subjects at follow-up (P = 0·010 and 0·00021, respectively) and in Guangzhou subjects (P = 0·0041 and 0·017, respectively). The association of rs662799 with the number of the MetS components was significant regardless of age, sex, obesity and alcohol drinking, but almost disappeared after further adjusting for plasma triglycerides. CONCLUSION Our results showed that the -1131T>C polymorphism in APOA5 was associated with the MetS because of its strong effect on plasma triglycerides. This may partly explain the higher cardiovascular risk in people with this polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwok Leung Ong
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Mathur SK, Jain P, Mathur P. Microarray evidences the role of pathologic adipose tissue in insulin resistance and their clinical implications. J Obes 2011; 2011:587495. [PMID: 21603273 PMCID: PMC3092611 DOI: 10.1155/2011/587495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Clustering of insulin resistance and dysmetabolism with obesity is attributed to pathologic adipose tissue. The morphologic hallmarks of this pathology are adipocye hypertrophy and heightened inflammation. However, it's underlying molecular mechanisms remains unknown. Study of gene function in metabolically active tissues like adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and liver is a promising strategy. Microarray is a powerful technique of assessment of gene function by measuring transcription of large number of genes in an array. This technique has several potential applications in understanding pathologic adipose tissue. They are: (1) transcriptomic differences between various depots of adipose tissue, adipose tissue from obese versus lean individuals, high insulin resistant versus low insulin resistance, brown versus white adipose tissue, (2) transcriptomic profiles of various stages of adipogenesis, (3) effect of diet, cytokines, adipokines, hormones, environmental toxins and drugs on transcriptomic profiles, (4) influence of adipokines on transcriptomic profiles in skeletal muscle, hepatocyte, adipose tissue etc., and (5) genetics of gene expression. The microarray evidences of molecular basis of obesity and insulin resistance are presented here. Despite the limitations, microarray has potential clinical applications in finding new molecular targets for treatment of insulin resistance and classification of adipose tissue based on future risk of insulin resistance syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar Mathur
- Department of Endocrinology, S. M. S. Medical College, India
- *Sandeep Kumar Mathur:
| | - Priyanka Jain
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, New Delhi 110007, India
| | - Prashant Mathur
- Department of Pharmacology, S. M. S. Medical College, J. L. Marg, Jaipur 302004, India
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Schofield PN, Gkoutos GV, Gruenberger M, Sundberg JP, Hancock JM. Phenotype ontologies for mouse and man: bridging the semantic gap. Dis Model Mech 2010; 3:281-9. [PMID: 20427557 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.002790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A major challenge of the post-genomic era is coding phenotype data from humans and model organisms such as the mouse, to permit the meaningful translation of phenotype descriptions between species. This ability is essential if we are to facilitate phenotype-driven gene function discovery and empower comparative pathobiology. Here, we review the current state of the art for phenotype and disease description in mice and humans, and discuss ways in which the semantic gap between coding systems might be bridged to facilitate the discovery and exploitation of new mouse models of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul N Schofield
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Switonski M, Stachowiak M, Cieslak J, Bartz M, Grzes M. Genetics of fat tissue accumulation in pigs: a comparative approach. J Appl Genet 2010; 51:153-68. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03195724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Johansen CT, Gallinger ZR, Wang J, Ban MR, Young TK, Bjerregaard P, Hegele RA. Rare ATGL haplotypes are associated with increased plasma triglyceride concentrations in the Greenland Inuit. Int J Circumpolar Health 2010; 69:3-12. [PMID: 20167152 DOI: 10.3402/ijch.v69i1.17427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To genotype common genetic variants found in the adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) gene and test them for association with cardiovascular disease risk factors in the Greenland Inuit. STUDY DESIGN Candidate gene association study of discrete and quantitative traits related to cardiovascular health. METHODS ATGL was sequenced in 10 European subjects to identify DNA sequence variants. The identified polymorphisms were subsequently genotyped in a population-based cohort of 1,218 unrelated Greenland Inuit subjects, ascertained from the Greenland Population Study. Genotypes and reconstructed haplotypes were tested for association with cardiovascular disease risk factors using additive, dominant or recessive models, corrected for age, sex and body mass index. RESULTS Five single nucleotide polymorphisms and one 4-base pair deletion were identified in the European sample and were similarly polymorphic in the Greenland Inuit. Independently, variants were not associated with any cardiovascular traits. However, reconstructed rare ATGL haplotypes were associated with increased plasma triglyceride (TG) concentrations compared to the major haplotype under a dominant model (1.21+/-0.7 mmol/L and 1.11+/-0.6 mmol/L, respectively, p=0.006). CONCLUSIONS Rare ATGL haplotypes are associated with increased plasma TG concentrations in the Greenland Inuit.
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Hegele RA, Reue K. Hoofbeats, zebras, and insights into insulin resistance. J Clin Invest 2009; 119:249-51. [PMID: 19244606 DOI: 10.1172/jci38420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this issue of the JCI, Semple and colleagues report phenotypic evaluation of patients with a germline mutation in the gene encoding serine/threonine kinase AKT2 (see the related article beginning on page 315). Their findings support the idea that the postreceptor actions of insulin in the liver--suppression of gluconeogenesis and stimulation of lipogenesis--are mediated through divergent pathways that can be uncoupled. The results appear to refine the arrangement of crucial steps along these pathways and show how comprehensive study of the phenotype, "deep phenotyping," of patients who carry rare mutations might complement other types of experiments to elucidate complex pathways and mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Hegele
- Blackburn Cardiovascular Genetics Laboratory, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Lanktree MB, Hegele RA. Gene-gene and gene-environment interactions: new insights into the prevention, detection and management of coronary artery disease. Genome Med 2009; 1:28. [PMID: 19341499 PMCID: PMC2664961 DOI: 10.1186/gm28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the recent success of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) in identifying loci consistently associated with coronary artery disease (CAD), a large proportion of the genetic components of CAD and its metabolic risk factors, including plasma lipids, type 2 diabetes and body mass index, remain unattributed. Gene-gene and gene-environment interactions might produce a meaningful improvement in quantification of the genetic determinants of CAD. Testing for gene-gene and gene-environment interactions is thus a new frontier for large-scale GWASs of CAD. There are several anecdotal examples of monogenic susceptibility to CAD in which the phenotype was worsened by an adverse environment. In addition, small-scale candidate gene association studies with functional hypotheses have identified gene-environment interactions. For future evaluation of gene-gene and gene-environment interactions to achieve the same success as the single gene associations reported in recent GWASs, it will be important to pre-specify agreed standards of study design and statistical power, environmental exposure measurement, phenomic characterization and analytical strategies. Here we discuss these issues, particularly in relation to the investigation and potential clinical utility of gene-gene and gene-environment interactions in CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Lanktree
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Blackburn Cardiovascular Genetics Laboratory, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5K8, Canada
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