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Wilson JR, Garner EM, Mashayekhi M, Hubers SA, Ramirez Bustamante CE, Kerman SJ, Nian H, Shibao CA, Brown NJ. DPP4 (Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4) Inhibition Increases Catecholamines Without Increasing Blood Pressure During Sustained ACE (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme) Inhibitor Treatment. Hypertension 2022; 79:827-835. [PMID: 35045722 PMCID: PMC8917054 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.18348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DPP4 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4) inhibitors comprise a class of oral diabetes medication that have the potential for off-target cardiovascular effects. We previously showed that DPP4 inhibition attenuates the hypotensive effect of acute ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibition and increases norepinephrine. Here, we investigated the effects of DPP4 during sustained ACE inhibition compared with during therapy with an ARB (angiotensin receptor blocker) or calcium channel blocker (neutral comparator) in a randomized, double-blinded crossover study. METHODS We enrolled 106 adults with type 2 diabetes and hypertension and 100 received intervention. Subjects were randomized to one of 3 blood pressure arms: ramipril, valsartan, or amlodipine for a total of 15 weeks and received 3 one-week crossover therapies in random order: placebo + placebo, sitagliptin + placebo, and sitagliptin + aprepitant separated by 4-week washout. RESULTS We found that DPP4 inhibition increased norepinephrine during ramipril but did not increase blood pressure. Aprepitant, a NK1 (substance P) receptor blocker, lowered standing heart rate during renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade with ramipril or valsartan. CONCLUSIONS Increased catecholamines during concurrent ACE and DPP4 inhibition may contribute to cardiovascular complications in patients predisposed to heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Wilson
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Department of Medicine. (J.R.W., S.A.H., C.E.R.B., S.J.K., N.J.B.).,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt Department of Medicine. (J.R.W., E.M.G., M.M., C.A.S.).,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Florida (J.R.W.)
| | - Erica M Garner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt Department of Medicine. (J.R.W., E.M.G., M.M., C.A.S.)
| | - Mona Mashayekhi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt Department of Medicine. (J.R.W., E.M.G., M.M., C.A.S.)
| | - Scott A Hubers
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Department of Medicine. (J.R.W., S.A.H., C.E.R.B., S.J.K., N.J.B.).,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota (S.A.H.)
| | - Claudia E Ramirez Bustamante
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Department of Medicine. (J.R.W., S.A.H., C.E.R.B., S.J.K., N.J.B.).,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.E.R.B.)
| | - Scott Jafarian Kerman
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Department of Medicine. (J.R.W., S.A.H., C.E.R.B., S.J.K., N.J.B.)
| | - Hui Nian
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University (H.N.)
| | - Cyndya A Shibao
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt Department of Medicine. (J.R.W., E.M.G., M.M., C.A.S.)
| | - Nancy J Brown
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Department of Medicine. (J.R.W., S.A.H., C.E.R.B., S.J.K., N.J.B.).,Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine (N.J.B.)
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Wierzbowska J, Wojtkiewicz S, Zbieć A, Wierzbowski R, Liebert A, Maniewski R. Prolonged postocclusive hyperemia response in patients with normal-tension glaucoma. Med Sci Monit 2014; 20:2607-16. [PMID: 25502623 PMCID: PMC4266367 DOI: 10.12659/msm.891069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is believed that endothelial dysfunction may be a link between systemic and ocular dysregulation in glaucoma. The aim of this study was to evaluate peripheral vascular reactive hyperemia in response to occlusion test and to correlate peripheral vascular findings with retrobulbar hemodynamics parameters in patients with normal-tension glaucoma. Material/Methods Forty-eight patients with normal-tension glaucoma (mean age 58.1 years, 38 women) and 40 control subjects (mean age 54.1 years, 36 women) were subjected to a brachial arterial occlusion test and color Doppler imaging (LOGIQ 9, GE Medical Systems) of the retrobulbar arteries. Finger hyperemia was assessed by using a 2-channel laser Doppler flowmeter (MBF-3D, Moor Instruments, Ltd.). Time parameters (time to peak flow, half-time of hyperemia, time of recovery) and amplitude parameters (maximum hyperemia response, biological zero) of the post-occlusive reactive hyperemia signal pattern as well as velocities and resistance index of the ophthalmic, central retinal, and short posterior ciliary arteries were evaluated and compared between study groups. Results In glaucoma patients, time to peak flow and half-time of hyperemia were significantly longer (21.4 vs. 12.0 s, p=0.02 and 74.1 vs. 44.2 s, p=0.03, respectively) and biological zero was significantly lower (2.4 vs. 3.2, p=0.01) comparing with healthy subjects. In glaucoma patients, peak-systolic and end-diastolic velocities of central retinal artery were significantly lower (12.8 vs.14.1, p=0.03 and 3.9 vs. 4.7, p=0.01, respectively) and resistance index of this artery was significantly higher (0.69 vs. 0.67, p=0.03) compared to controls. In the glaucoma group, maximum hyperemic response was negatively correlated with the resistance index of temporal short posterior ciliary arteries (r=−0.4, p=0.01), whereas in the control group half-time of hyperemia was negatively correlated with end-diastolic velocity of the central retinal artery (r=−0.3, p=0.03). Conclusions Arterial occlusion test elicited a prolonged systemic hyperemia response in patients with glaucoma as compared with healthy subjects. Retrobulbar blood flow alterations in glaucoma patients may be related to systemic vascular dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Wierzbowska
- Department of Ophthalmology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stanisław Wojtkiewicz
- Nałęcz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Zbieć
- Nałęcz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert Wierzbowski
- Department of Cardiology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Liebert
- Nałęcz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Roman Maniewski
- Nałęcz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Keri RS, Hiremathad A, Budagumpi S, Nagaraja BM. Comprehensive Review in Current Developments of Benzimidazole-Based Medicinal Chemistry. Chem Biol Drug Des 2014; 86:19-65. [PMID: 25352112 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The properties of benzimidazole and its derivatives have been studied over more than one hundred years. Benzimidazole derivatives are useful intermediates/subunits for the development of molecules of pharmaceutical or biological interest. Substituted benzimidazole derivatives have found applications in diverse therapeutic areas such as antiulcer, anticancer agents, and anthelmintic species to name just a few. This work systematically gives a comprehensive review in current developments of benzimidazole-based compounds in the whole range of medicinal chemistry as anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, analgesic agents, anti-HIV, antioxidant, anticonvulsant, antitubercular, antidiabetic, antileishmanial, antihistaminic, antimalarial agents, and other medicinal agents. This review will further be helpful for the researcher on the basis of substitution pattern around the nucleus with an aim to help medicinal chemists for developing an SAR on benzimidazole drugs/compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangappa S Keri
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore, Karnataka, 562112, India
| | - Asha Hiremathad
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore, Karnataka, 562112, India
| | - Srinivasa Budagumpi
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore, Karnataka, 562112, India
| | - Bhari Mallanna Nagaraja
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore, Karnataka, 562112, India
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Benjelloun H, Aboudrar S, Jroundi I, Benjelloun-Bennani H, Coghlan L, Benomar M. [Sympathetic response in primary hypertension]. Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) 2009; 58:139-143. [PMID: 18678361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancard.2008.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2007] [Accepted: 05/28/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED High blood pressure (BP) is a major cause of cardiovascular disease and primary hypertension is a frequent pathological condition. Sympathetic hyperactivity may be involved in primary hypertension. The purpose of this study was mainly to evaluate sympathetic activity when performing cardiovascular autonomic profile examination in patients with primary hypertension in comparison with normotensive subjects. PATIENTS AND METHODS This prospective study included one group of hypertensive patients (n=120, mean age 54 years) compared with a control group (n=120, mean age 52 years) of normotensive subjects. Autonomic tests included deep-breathing (DB), hand-grip (HG) and echostress test (ES). Comparison tests between the two groups, similar in age, were expressed as mean+/-SE and made using the t Student test, p<0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS Alpha-adrenergic sympathetic response using ES method produced a BP response of 20,0%+/-9,8 in hypertensive patients group and 15,2%+/-8,6 in the control group (p<0.001). Alpha-adrenergic sympathetic response using three minutes HG test was of 16,7%+/-7,5 in hypertensive patients group and 13,3%+/-6,5 in the control group (p<0.001). Vagal stimulation in hypertensive group after DB showed that electrocardiographic: ECG (EKG) waves R (RR) interval variation was of 30,2%+/-8,1 meanwhile in the control group this RR variation was of 46,1%+/-21,1 p<0.001, and the one of HG of 15 seconds was 17,6%+/-10,2 versus 32,5%+/-12,7 p<0.001. CONCLUSION Hypertensive patients had a significantly higher sympathetic response to central and peripheral stimulations and a significantly lower parasympathetic response when compared to normotensive controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Benjelloun
- Service de Cardiologie A, CHU Ibn Sina, Rabat, Morocco.
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CGP12177-induced haemodynamic and vascular effects in normotensive and hypertensive rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 591:196-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2007] [Revised: 06/06/2008] [Accepted: 06/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Cloutier F, Ongali B, Deschamps K, Brouillette J, Neugebauer W, Couture R. Upregulation of tachykinin NK-1 and NK-3 receptor binding sites in the spinal cord of spontaneously hypertensive rat: impact on the autonomic control of blood pressure. Br J Pharmacol 2006; 148:25-38. [PMID: 16491095 PMCID: PMC1617045 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2005] [Accepted: 01/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
1 Effects of intrathecally (i.t.) injected tachykinin NK-1 and -3 receptor agonists and antagonists were measured on mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) in awake unrestrained spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR,15-week-old) and age-matched Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY). Quantitative in vitro autoradiography was also performed on the lower thoracic spinal cord of both strains and Wistar rats using specific radioligands for NK-1 receptor ([(125)I]HPP[Arg(3),Sar(9),Met(O(2))(11)]SP (3-11)) and NK-3 receptor ([(125)I]HPP-Asp-Asp-Phe-N-MePhe-Gly-Leu-Met-NH(2)). 2 The NK-1 agonist [Sar(9),Met(O(2))(11)]SP (650 and 6500 pmol) decreased MAP and increased HR in WKY. The fall in MAP was blunted in SHR and substituted by increases in MAP (65-6500 pmol) and more sustained tachycardia. The NK-3 agonist senktide (6.5-65 pmol) evoked marked increases in MAP and HR (SHR>>>WKY), yet this response was rapidly desensitized. Cardiovascular effects of [Sar(9),Met(O(2))(11)]SP (650 pmol) and senktide (6.5 pmol) were selectively blocked by the prior i.t. injection of LY303870 (NK-1 antagonist, 65 nmol) and SB235375 (NK-3 antagonist, 6.5 nmol), respectively. Antagonists had no direct effect on MAP and HR in both strains. 3 Densities of NK-1 and -3 receptor binding sites were significantly increased in all laminae of the spinal cord in SHR when compared to control WKY and Wistar rats. The dissociation constant was however not affected in SHR for both NK-1 (K(d)=2.5 nM) and NK-3 (K(d)=5 nM) receptors. 4 Data highlight an upregulation of NK-1 and -3 receptor binding sites in the thoracic spinal cord of SHR that may contribute to the hypersensitivity of the pressor response to agonists and to the greater sympathetic activity seen in this model of arterial hypertension.
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MESH Headings
- Acetates/administration & dosage
- Acetates/pharmacology
- Animals
- Autonomic Nervous System/physiopathology
- Autoradiography
- Blood Pressure
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Heart Rate
- Hypertension/physiopathology
- Indoles/administration & dosage
- Indoles/pharmacology
- Injections, Spinal
- Male
- Peptide Fragments/administration & dosage
- Peptide Fragments/pharmacology
- Piperidines/administration & dosage
- Piperidines/pharmacology
- Quinolines/administration & dosage
- Quinolines/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred SHR
- Rats, Inbred WKY
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Neurokinin-1/analysis
- Receptors, Neurokinin-1/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Neurokinin-1/drug effects
- Receptors, Neurokinin-3/analysis
- Receptors, Neurokinin-3/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Neurokinin-3/drug effects
- Spinal Cord/drug effects
- Spinal Cord/metabolism
- Substance P/administration & dosage
- Substance P/analogs & derivatives
- Substance P/pharmacology
- Thoracic Vertebrae
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Cloutier
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Brice Ongali
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Kathleen Deschamps
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Jonathan Brouillette
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Witold Neugebauer
- Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada JIH 5N4
| | - Réjean Couture
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
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Rodriguez-Rodriguez R, Perona JS, Herrera MD, Ruiz-Gutierrez V. Triterpenic compounds from "orujo" olive oil elicit vasorelaxation in aorta from spontaneously hypertensive rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2006; 54:2096-102. [PMID: 16536581 DOI: 10.1021/jf0528512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
There is currently a considerable amount of interest in the benefits of certain dietary elements, and in particular of olive oil, in endothelial function and thus in hypertension. "Orujo" or pomace olive oil is obtained from the residues of the olive by a novel centrifugation process, and it is a good dietary source of triterpenic compounds such as oleanolic and maslinic acid, erythrodiol, and uvaol. Until now, there was no information available regarding the properties of these triterpenoids on the vasculature of hypertensive animals. However, in this in vitro study, we have analyzed the vasorelaxation induced by these triterpenoids in isolated aorta from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The triterpenoids tested induced concentration-dependent vasorelaxation, mostly involving nitric oxide (NO). Indeed, the responses were attenuated by removal of the endothelium or following pretreatment with the NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME. Furthermore, the differences that were observed in the potency of relaxation, the selectivity, and the dependence on the endothelium were attributed to structural features of the triterpenoids. In conclusion, triterpenic components in pomace olive oil induce vasorelaxation of the aorta from SHR, and this effect generally involves endothelial NO.
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8
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Mallem Y, Holopherne D, Reculeau O, Le Coz O, Desfontis JC, Gogny M. β-Adrenoceptor-mediated vascular relaxation in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Auton Neurosci 2005; 118:61-7. [PMID: 15795178 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2005.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2004] [Revised: 01/07/2005] [Accepted: 01/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although the impairment of beta-adrenoceptor (beta-AR)-induced vascular relaxation to isoprenaline has been extensively described, discrepancy persisted in the literature. In this work, we investigated beta-AR-induced relaxation in spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats aorta. We attempted to determine beta-AR subtypes involved in order to understand the conflicting data regarding the beta-AR-induced vasodilation to isoprenaline. Aortic rings isolated from 12-week-old Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were placed in organ baths and constricted with phenylephrine (alpha1-AR agonist). Then, cumulative concentration-relaxation curves (CCRC) to AR agonists were constructed. In intact aortic rings from both strains, isoprenaline (a nonselective beta-AR agonist) (0.001-10 microM) induced similar concentration-dependent relaxations. CCRC was shifted to the right and upward in the presence of nadolol (a nonspecific beta1 and beta2-AR antagonist) (10 microM). After endothelium removal, the response to isoprenaline was partly inhibited in WKY rats, but was strongly inhibited in SHRs. In WKY rats, isoprenaline-induced endothelium-independent relaxation was not modified in the presence of nadolol but was inhibited in the presence of CGP 20712A (low-affinity-state beta1-AR antagonist). In endothelium-denuded rings, SR 58611A (a preferential beta3-AR agonist) (0.1-30 microM) produced a very small relaxation in both strains. In WKY rats, CGP 12177 (CGP) (0.1-30 microM) and cyanopindolol (0.01-3 microM) (partial beta3-AR and low-affinity-state beta1-AR agonists with beta1-AR and beta2-AR antagonistic properties) produced endothelium-independent relaxations. CGP-induced effect was significantly inhibited by CGP 20712A (10 microM) or bupranolol (10 microM) (low-affinity-state beta1-AR antagonists). In SHRs, similarly to the impaired endothelium-independent relaxation to isoprenaline, endothelium-independent relaxations to CGP and cyanopindolol were greatly blunted. These relaxations were not modified in the presence of CGP 20712A. In endothelium-denuded rings pretreated with pertussis toxin, CGP-induced relaxation was not modified in WKY rats, but was partly restored in SHRs. In conclusion, these results showed, that in 12-week-old SHRs, the endothelium-independent component of the relaxation to isoprenaline was impaired, and this impairment could involve the low-affinity-state beta1-AR. G(i) protein overexpression and/or overstimulation may be possible factors that contribute to this alteration in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassine Mallem
- Unité de Physiopathologie Animale et de Pharmacologie Fonctionnelle, UPSP 5304, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Nantes, BP 40706, 44307 Nantes Cedex 03, France
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9
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Mallem MY, Toumaniantz G, Serpillon S, Gautier F, Gogny M, Desfontis JC, Gauthier C. Impairment of the low-affinity state beta1-adrenoceptor-induced relaxation in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Br J Pharmacol 2004; 143:599-605. [PMID: 15466443 PMCID: PMC1575435 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0705990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
1 In hypertension, a decrease of the vascular beta-adrenergic relaxation has been described. However, the specific involvement of each beta-adrenoceptor (beta-AR) subtype, in particular the low-affinity state of beta1-AR, has not yet been evaluated. We investigated whether the low-affinity state of beta1-AR-induced relaxation was impaired in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR). 2 The relaxant responses to CGP 12177 and cyanopindolol, low-affinity state beta1-AR agonists (with beta1-/beta2-AR antagonistic and partial beta3-AR agonistic properties) were evaluated on thoracic aortic rings isolated from 12-weeks-old Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) and SHR. 3 In WKY, CGP 12177 and cyanopindolol produced an endothelium and nitric oxide (NO)-independent relaxation. CGP 12177-induced endothelium-independent relaxation was not modified either by beta1-, beta2-AR (nadolol) or beta3-AR (L-748337 or SR 59230A) antagonists but was significantly reduced by high concentrations of CGP 20712A (P<0.05). This relaxation was also reduced by adenylyl cyclase inhibitors, SQ 22536 or MDL 12330A. 4 In SHR, CGP 12177 produced mainly an endothelium and NO-dependent relaxation. This effect was not modified by nadolol, but was strongly reduced by beta3-AR blockade. Endothelium-independent relaxation to CGP 12177 was not altered by adenylyl cyclase inhibition, but was amplified in preparations from pertussis toxin-pretreated SHR. 5 The immunohistochemical analysis revealed an upregulation of beta3-AR in the endothelial layer of SHR aorta, whereas the beta3-AR-induced relaxation was not modified. 6 In conclusion, we demonstrated an impaired low-affinity state of the beta1-AR-induced relaxation and an upregulation of the beta3-AR in hypertension. Some clinical implications of those findings are discussed.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/pharmacology
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Hypertension/physiopathology
- Immunohistochemistry
- In Vitro Techniques
- Male
- Muscle Relaxation/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Nitric Oxide Synthase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III
- Pindolol/analogs & derivatives
- Pindolol/pharmacology
- Propanolamines/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred SHR
- Rats, Inbred WKY
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1/drug effects
- omega-N-Methylarginine/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Yassine Mallem
- UPSP 5304 de Physiopathologie Animale et de Pharmacologie Fonctionnelle, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Nantes, France
| | | | - Sabrina Serpillon
- UPSP 5304 de Physiopathologie Animale et de Pharmacologie Fonctionnelle, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Nantes, France
- Institut du Thorax, Inserm U533, Nantes, France
| | - Freddy Gautier
- UPSP 5304 de Physiopathologie Animale et de Pharmacologie Fonctionnelle, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Nantes, France
| | - Marc Gogny
- UPSP 5304 de Physiopathologie Animale et de Pharmacologie Fonctionnelle, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Claude Desfontis
- UPSP 5304 de Physiopathologie Animale et de Pharmacologie Fonctionnelle, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Nantes, France
- Author for correspondence:
| | - Chantal Gauthier
- Institut du Thorax, Inserm U533, Nantes, France
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Nantes, France
- Author for correspondence:
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Schutte AE, van Rooyen JM, Huisman HW, Kruger HS, de Ridder JH. Factor analysis of possible risks for hypertension in a black South African population. J Hum Hypertens 2003; 17:339-48. [PMID: 12756407 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jhh.1001553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
To date only a small number of studies have investigated the pattern of associations within a set of hypertension risks. The objective of this study was therefore to examine the interrelation of main hypertension risks in an African population by using factor analysis in order to detect underlying risk patterns. Subjects aged 16-70 years (N=963) were recruited from 37 randomly selected sites throughout the North West Province during 1996-1998. Exclusion criteria were pregnancy, lactation, casual visitors, drunkenness and treatment for chronic diseases, such as hypertension. Subjects with blood pressures exceeding 140/90 mmHg were classified as hypertensive. Children aged 10-15 years were also recruited from 30 randomly selected schools during 2000-2001 (N=694). Children were classified as hypertensive when an average systolic or diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to the 90th percentile for age and sex was encountered, while correcting for height. The following hypertension risks were measured: urbanisation, obesity, plasma fibrinogen, lipids, insulin, serum gamma glutamyl-transferase, dietary intake, smoking and alcohol consumption. From 23 risks the factor analysis disclosed five factors that explained 56.2% of the variance in the male and 43.5% of the variance in the female group: an urban malnutritional phenomenon, the metabolic syndrome X, a hypercholesterolaemic and obesity complex, an alcoholic hypertriglyceridaemia, and central and peripheral cardiovascular hypertensive effects. In conclusion, South Africans migrating from rural to urban areas adapt to a new lifestyle with numerous risks, resulting in conditions like malnutrition, the metabolic syndrome X, dyslipidaemia, alcoholism, obesity and increased peripheral vascular resistance. For successful prevention of hypertension in a population in transition, a whole risk pattern should be corrected, rather than an individual risk by implementing lifestyle modification programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Schutte
- School for Physiology, Nutrition and Consumer Science, Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
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