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Paviglianiti G, Cariello V, Vaccaro M, Pizzicato P, Minelli R, Di Rosa G, Napolitano M, Baldazzi M, Avallone RC, Rossi A, Rossi E. Ultrasound features of cutaneous myiasis: a rare case in a child. J Ultrasound 2024:10.1007/s40477-024-00915-7. [PMID: 38970739 DOI: 10.1007/s40477-024-00915-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous myiasis is an infestation of the skin with larvae of some dipteran species. Among humans, Dermatobia hominis is the most frequently encountered dipteran responsible for cutaneous myiasis. This insect is endemic to tropical and subtropical regions, consequently, individuals travelling from non-endemic areas are most susceptible to infection due to a lack of prior exposure. Three clinical variants of myiasis are distinguished: furuncular, migratory, and wound myiasis. Furuncular myiasis represents the most common form among travelers, yet it is a rare cause of pediatric skin manifestations in developed countries. Limited awareness of this condition in non-endemic regions contributes to diagnostic challenges. In this scenario, ultrasound is useful in the diagnostic workup, enabling the identification of the viable larva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Paviglianiti
- Sezione di Scienze Radiologiche, Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica avanzata (BIND), University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valentina Cariello
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli studi della Campania "L. Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, Naples, Italy.
| | - Marzia Vaccaro
- ARNAS Ospedali Civico Di Cristina Benfratelli, P.za Leotta Nicola 4, Palermo, Italy
| | - Paolo Pizzicato
- Department of Radiology, AORN "Santobono-Pausilipon", Via Posillipo 226, Naples, Italy
| | - Rocco Minelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "Vincenzo Tiberio", University of Molise, Via Francesco De Sanctis 1, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Di Rosa
- Department of Radiology, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Marcello Napolitano
- Department of Paediatric Radiology and Neuroradiology, V. Buzzi Children's Hospital, 32 Castelvetro St., Milan, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Baldazzi
- Pediatric and Adult CardioThoracic and Vascular, Oncohematologic and Emergency Radiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberta Cristina Avallone
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli studi della Campania "L. Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Rossi
- University "Campus Biomedico", Via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Rossi
- Department of Radiology, AORN "Santobono-Pausilipon", Via Posillipo 226, Naples, Italy
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Ramón-Cuellar JF, Mejía-Cordovez JA, Quiñones-Ossa GA, Leal-Isaza JP, Vargas-Osorio MP, Ramirez-Muñoz JD, Ordóñez-Rubiano EG, Ramirez AP, Amarillo DG, Hakim-Daccach F. Cerebral Myiasis, An Unexpected Intraoperative Finding - A Case Report and Systematic Review. World Neurosurg 2024; 186:138-144. [PMID: 38503402 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2024.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Postoperative complications, exemplified by surgical site infections, are commonplace in the realm of daily surgical interventions. Conversely, certain infectious entities, such as cerebral myiasis (CM), are distinctly rare. This report elucidates the clinical presentation of a 74-year-old female afflicted with a CSF fistula, within the context of a preceding surgical microvascular decompression employing a suboccipital craniotomy approach. Notably, the course of evaluation and treatment unveiled an intraoperative manifestation of severe CM. This case report underscores the critical significance of prompt identification, precise diagnostic elucidation, and comprehensive multidisciplinary management to optimize patient outcomes in instances of CM. Furthermore, a systematic literature review on CM supplements this report, contributing to the understanding of this infrequent complication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gabriel Alexander Quiñones-Ossa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia; Faculty of Medicine, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan Pablo Leal-Isaza
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia; Faculty of Medicine, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Juan Daniel Ramirez-Muñoz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia; Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Edgar G Ordóñez-Rubiano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia; Department of Neurosurgery, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud, Bogotá, Colombia
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3
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Dahduli OS, Aldeghaither SA, Alhossan AM. Unusual presentation of cutaneous myiasis in the knee: case report. J Surg Case Rep 2024; 2024:rjae257. [PMID: 38832055 PMCID: PMC11146208 DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjae257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Myiasis is infestation of live human tissue by larva. It usually involves immunocompromised people or people living in unsanitary conditions. The cutaneous myiasis is most common type and can enter the skin with a pre-existing wound. Herein we present a case of an 18-year-old girl known case of Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa with cutaneous myiasis affecting the knee managed surgically with full recovery. Such case has not reported previously in the literature, and detailed management plan is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar S Dahduli
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, King Fahd Medical Military Hospital, Abqaiq Road, Dhahran 34313, Eastern Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah A Aldeghaither
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, King Fahd Medical Military Hospital, Abqaiq Road, Dhahran 34313, Eastern Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Alhossan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, King Fahd Medical Military Hospital, Abqaiq Road, Dhahran 34313, Eastern Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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4
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Speth MM, Brändle R, Saleh H. A 70-Year-Old Woman with a Sensation of Something Moving in Her Nose. NEJM EVIDENCE 2024; 3:EVIDmr2300351. [PMID: 38772000 DOI: 10.1056/evidmr2300351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
AbstractMorning Report is a time-honored tradition where physicians-in-training present cases to their colleagues and clinical experts to collaboratively examine an interesting patient presentation. The Morning Report section seeks to carry on this tradition by presenting a patient's chief concern and story, inviting the reader to develop a differential diagnosis and discover the diagnosis alongside the authors of the case.This report examines the case of a 70-year-old woman who sought evaluation for a sensation of something moving in her nose. The sensation began during a trip to South America and persisted after she returned home to Switzerland. Using questions, physical examination, and testing, an illness script for the presentation emerges. As the clinical course progresses, the differential is refined until a diagnosis is made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene M Speth
- from the Department of Otorhinolaryngology at Kantonsspital Aarau, Switzerland, and the Department of Otolaryngology at Imperial College Hospitals, England
| | - Raphael Brändle
- from the Department of Otorhinolaryngology at Kantonsspital Aarau, Switzerland, and the Department of Otolaryngology at Imperial College Hospitals, England
| | - Hesham Saleh
- from the Department of Otorhinolaryngology at Kantonsspital Aarau, Switzerland, and the Department of Otolaryngology at Imperial College Hospitals, England
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5
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Calheiros-Lobo J, Lucas A, Cunha A, Elias F, Correia J. Cutaneous wound myiasis - A possible infection in developed countries. Semergen 2024; 50:102060. [PMID: 37826927 DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2023.102060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Calheiros-Lobo
- Family Medicine Residents at USF Renascer, ACES Gondomar, Portugal
| | - A Lucas
- Family Medicine Residents at USF Renascer, ACES Gondomar, Portugal.
| | - A Cunha
- Family Medicine Residents at USF Renascer, ACES Gondomar, Portugal
| | - F Elias
- Family Medicine Residents at USF Renascer, ACES Gondomar, Portugal
| | - J Correia
- Family Medicine Residents at USF Renascer, ACES Gondomar, Portugal
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Jallow BJJ, Gassara G, Bajinka O, Luo Y, Liu M, Cai J, Huang J, Meng F. Human myiasis in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0012027. [PMID: 38547087 PMCID: PMC10977789 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human myiasis is a parasitic dipteran fly infestation that infects humans and vertebrates worldwide. However, the disease is endemic in Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America. In Sub-Saharan Africa, it is under-reported and therefore its prevalence is unknown. This systematic review aims to elucidate the prevalence of human myiasis, factors that influence the infection, and myiasis-causing fly species in SSA. The review also dwelled on the common myiasis types and treatment methods of human myiasis. METHODS Here, we collect cases of human myiasis in Sub-Saharan Africa based on literature retrieved from PubMed, Google Scholar and Science Direct from 1959 to 2022. A total of 75 articles and 157 cases were included in the study. The recommendations of PRISMA 2020 were used for the realization of this systematic review. RESULTS In total, 157 cases of human myiasis in SSA were reviewed. Eleven fly species (Cordylobia anthropophaga, Cordylobia rodhaini, Dermatobia hominis, Lucilia cuprina, Lucilia sericata, Oestrus ovis, Sarcophaga spp., Sarcophaga nodosa, Chrysomya megacephala, Chrysomya chloropyga and Clogmia albipuntum) were found to cause human myiasis in SSA. Cordylobia anthropophaga was the most prevalent myiasis-causing species of the reported cases (n = 104, 66.2%). More than half of the reported cases were from travelers returning from SSA (n = 122, 77.7%). Cutaneous myiasis was the most common clinical presentation of the disease (n = 86, 54.7%). Females were more infected (n = 78, 49.6%) than males, and there was a higher infestation in adults than young children. CONCLUSION The findings of this study reveals that international travelers to Sub-Saharan Africa were mostly infested therefore, we recommend that both international travelers and natives of SSA be enlightened by public health officers about the disease and its risk factors at entry points in SSA and the community level respectively. Clinicians in Sub-Saharan Africa often misdiagnose the disease and most of them lack the expertise to properly identify larvae, so we recommend the extensive use of molecular identification methods instead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binta J. J. Jallow
- Central South University, Department of Medical Parasitology, Changsha City, China
| | - Goudja Gassara
- Central South University, Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Changsha City, China
| | - Ousman Bajinka
- Central South University, Department of Medical Parasitology, Changsha City, China
- University of The Gambia, School of Medicine and Allied Health Science, Banjul City, Gambia
| | - Yifei Luo
- Central South University, Department of Medical Parasitology, Changsha City, China
| | - Mandie Liu
- Central South University, Department of Medical Parasitology, Changsha City, China
| | - Jifeng Cai
- Central South University, Department of Medical Parasitology, Changsha City, China
- Xinjiang Medical University, Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Urumqi City, China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- Xinjiang Medical University, Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Urumqi City, China
| | - Fanming Meng
- Central South University, Department of Medical Parasitology, Changsha City, China
- Xinjiang Medical University, Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Urumqi City, China
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Martinez-Rojano H, Huerta H, Sámano R, Chico-Barba G, Mier-Cabrera J, Plascencia-Nieto ES. Ophthalmomyiasis Externa and Importance of Risk Factors, Clinical Manifestations, and Diagnosis: Review of the Medical Literature. Diseases 2023; 11:180. [PMID: 38131986 PMCID: PMC10743177 DOI: 10.3390/diseases11040180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review aims to describe and compare the risk factors, clinical course, diagnosis, and parasitologic features of external ophthalmomyiasis. We also discuss the different preventive measures and the effect of global warming in a large case series reported from January 2000 to December 2022. METHODS We perform a literature review of reported cases of external ophthalmomyiasis to determine the clinical characteristics, therapeutic management, and information on the organisms that most commonly cause external ophthalmomyiasis. RESULTS A total of 312 cases of external ophthalmomyiasis were recorded. The most common causative organism was Oestrus ovis (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Oestridae), accounting for 72.1% of cases, followed by Dermatobia hominis (Linnaeus Jr. in Pallas, 1781) (Diptera: Oestridae) at 5.4%, Lucilia sericata (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) at 0.96%, and Chrysomyia bezziana (Villeneuve) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) at 0.96%. Before experiencing symptoms, 43.6% of cases reported having direct contact with flies or being hit in the eye, 33% reported no associated risk factors, 9.3% reported living with sheep and goats, and 7.7% reported a history of foreign objects entering the eye. The most common symptoms for those affected by O. ovis were sudden onset, including a foreign body sensation and movement, redness, tearing, itching, swelling, irritation, photophobia, burning, and ocular secretion. In cases caused by D. hominis, symptoms included eyelid edema, pain, redness, itching, movement within the lesion, ocular irritation, and discharge. Regarding occupational or recreational activity, agriculture, and livestock had the highest incidence, followed by trades and technical activities, being a student, and having traveled to an endemic region for work or recreation. CONCLUSION Patients with red eyes may suffer from external ophthalmomyiasis, which requires a thorough examination to diagnose and treat it early. Moreover, as the temperature increases due to climate change, it is essential to consider how this will affect the spread of different pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Martinez-Rojano
- Sección de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Colonia Casco de Santo Tomas, Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico;
- Coordinación de Medicina Laboral, Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos, Francisco de P. Miranda No. 177, Colonia Unidad Lomas de Plateros, Ciudad de México 01480, Mexico
| | - Herón Huerta
- Laboratorio de Entomología, Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos, Francisco de P. Miranda No. 177, Colonia Unidad Lomas de Plateros, Ciudad de México 01480, Mexico;
| | - Reyna Sámano
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioprogramación, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Secretaría de Salud Montes Urales 800, Lomas de Virreyes, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico; (R.S.); (G.C.-B.); (J.M.-C.)
| | - Gabriela Chico-Barba
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioprogramación, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Secretaría de Salud Montes Urales 800, Lomas de Virreyes, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico; (R.S.); (G.C.-B.); (J.M.-C.)
| | - Jennifer Mier-Cabrera
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioprogramación, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Secretaría de Salud Montes Urales 800, Lomas de Virreyes, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico; (R.S.); (G.C.-B.); (J.M.-C.)
| | - Estibeyesbo Said Plascencia-Nieto
- Sección de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Colonia Casco de Santo Tomas, Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico;
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8
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Al-Dabbagh J, Douri T. The first reported case of furuncular myiasis in Syria with no international travel history of the patient to an endemic area. Oxf Med Case Reports 2023; 2023:omad126. [PMID: 38033409 PMCID: PMC10686010 DOI: 10.1093/omcr/omad126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Myiasis is defined as the infestation of any part of the body by fly larvae. It is particularly common in tropical and subtropical regions. Cutaneous myiasis is the most common manifestation of this infestation. Here, we report a 21-year-old Syrian female who presented with a 10-day history of painful 2 ulcer-like lesions on her scalp and was diagnosed with furuncular myiasis, which included more than 20 larvae. The patient had no history of international travel to myiasis-endemic areas before the onset of the lesions. She probably acquired the infestation while visiting a cattle farm located in a rural region east of Hama governorate. Seborrheic dermatitis developed on her scalp after the myiasis treatment was performed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thaer Douri
- Department of Dermatology, University of Hama, Hama, Syria
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Lee K, Uzzell J, Ceron S, Sarantopoulos G, Newsom E. Recalcitrant Indurated Cystic Nodule on the Abdomen: Answer. Am J Dermatopathol 2023; 45:724. [PMID: 37732687 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000002516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Lee
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; and
| | - Jamar Uzzell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Stacey Ceron
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - George Sarantopoulos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Emily Newsom
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; and
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10
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Rozanski CA, DeSimone JD, Milman T, Ramesh S. Botfly Myiasis Masquerading as Dacryocystitis. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2023; 39:e72-e75. [PMID: 36852824 DOI: 10.1097/iop.0000000000002329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous myiasis is an infection most commonly caused globally by Dermatobia hominus , the human botfly, which is endemic to Central and South America. In North America, the most common cause of cutaneous myiasis is infestation with the larvae of Cuterebra , the North American botfly. The authors describe a 44-year-old man who presented with a 1-month history of intermittent, severe, boring pain along the side of his nose that progressed to swelling and redness along his right inferior orbital rim and lacrimal sac. CT imaging showed a rim-enhancing collection at the right medial canthus with surrounding phlegmonous changes communicating with the skin. Pathologic evaluation revealed curvilinear pigmented material associated with a granulomatous and eosinophil-rich inflammatory infiltrate, consistent with botfly myiasis. This case describes the pathogenesis of the botfly infestation in humans, as well as the clinical, radiographic, and histopathologic features of this rare orbital infection, with an emphasis on its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin A Rozanski
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wills Eye Hospital, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A
| | - Joseph D DeSimone
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A
| | - Tatyana Milman
- Department of Pathology, Wills Eye Hospital, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A
| | - Sathyadeepak Ramesh
- Oculoplastic & Orbital Surgery Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A
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Suryabanshi A, Timilsina B, Khadka N. Wound myiasis resulting from a neglected insect bite wound. Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e6874. [PMID: 36698510 PMCID: PMC9860131 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.6874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Infestation of maggots in humans is uncommon because humans are an accidental host for many dipterous larval species. We present a case of wound myiasis in a homeless person that resulted from a neglected minor insect bite wound.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Namrata Khadka
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of MedicineTribhuvan University Teaching HospitalKathmanduNepal
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12
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Oranges T, Veraldi S, Granieri G, Fidanzi C, Janowska A, Dini V, Romanelli M. Parasites causing cutaneous wounds: Theory and practice from a dermatological point of view. Acta Trop 2022; 228:106332. [PMID: 35092728 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A wide range of parasites can infest open wounds, or cause wounds due to the effects of the infestation. Parasitic infestations can involve the skin and subcutaneous tissues, with various clinical manifestations. In case of cutaneous wounds related to infestations, protozoa, helminths and arthropods are the main groups of parasites involved and emerging new aspects have been recently reported. Treating the wound correctly is fundamental in these patients in order to reduce the development of pathological scars and prevent complications. In particular, a gentle debridement for devitalized/infested tissue removal, the appropriate use of topical antiseptics and dressings such as hydrogel, hydrocolloids and antimicrobial dressings can be useful to control superinfections, moisture balance, inflammation and to promote edge proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Oranges
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, Pisa 56126, Italy; Department of Pediatrics, Dermatology Unit, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Stefano Veraldi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giammarco Granieri
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Cristian Fidanzi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Agata Janowska
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Valentina Dini
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Marco Romanelli
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, Pisa 56126, Italy.
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13
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Vallant CM, Kopera D. [Painful nodules on the upper arm]. Hautarzt 2021; 72:453-455. [PMID: 32979060 PMCID: PMC8096771 DOI: 10.1007/s00105-020-04695-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Martha Vallant
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Medizinische Universität Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 8, 8036, Graz, Österreich
| | - Daisy Kopera
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Medizinische Universität Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 8, 8036, Graz, Österreich.
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14
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Nassar A, Abualiat A, El-Attar YA, Alkahtani AM, Alshahrani MS, Aljubran A, Shaker ESE. A dermoscopic study of cutaneous myiasis: other findings. Int J Dermatol 2021; 60:840-843. [PMID: 33682922 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.15503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myiasis is a cutaneous infestation by the larvae of dipterous flies. It can be furuncular/nodular, papular, or pustular. Diagnosis of cutaneous myiasis depends mainly on clinical examination especially for the nodular form. The latter two forms can present diagnostic difficulties. Dermoscopy has been reported to be helpful. This report illustrates some of the dermoscopic features of this condition. METHODS The history, clinical findings, and dermoscopic findings of 15 affected individuals were documented. RESULTS Dermoscopy in all patients showed the posterior end of larvae (creamy-white bodies and respiratory spiracles resembling birds' legs with digitated feet). Larval motility and bubbles were noticed in 15 and 10 of patients, respectively. Skin surrounding the larvae showed hypopigmentation in 11 patients and an increase in dilated capillaries in 13. CONCLUSIONS Dermoscopy can facilitate the diagnosis of myiasis particularly of the papular and pustular forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Nassar
- Departments of Dermatology and Venereology, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.,The Armed Forces Hospitals-Southern Region (AFHSR), Khamis Mushayt, Aseer Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Abualiat
- The Armed Forces Hospitals-Southern Region (AFHSR), Khamis Mushayt, Aseer Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasmina A El-Attar
- Departments of Dermatology and Venereology, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ayed M Alkahtani
- The Armed Forces Hospitals-Southern Region (AFHSR), Khamis Mushayt, Aseer Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S Alshahrani
- The Armed Forces Hospitals-Southern Region (AFHSR), Khamis Mushayt, Aseer Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Aljubran
- The Armed Forces Hospitals-Southern Region (AFHSR), Khamis Mushayt, Aseer Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Engi S E Shaker
- Departments of Dermatology and Venereology, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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15
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Osorio-Pinzon J, Palencia A, Cruz-Calderon S, Rodriguez-Morales AJ. Myiasis and Tungiasis. CURRENT TROPICAL MEDICINE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40475-021-00233-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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16
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Muñoz N, Galvis S, Patiño O, Moneriz C. CRANIAL OSTEOMYELITIS AS A COMPLICATION OF FURUNCULAR MYIASIS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 39:e2020105. [PMID: 33566882 PMCID: PMC7872012 DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/2021/39/2020105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To report the case of an infant with infrequent cranial osteomyelitis as a complication of furuncular myiasis. Case description: The patient was a 4-month-old male who presented to the emergency department with a nodular skull lesion with edema, tenderness, pain, and purulent drainage, as well as progress of the ulcerated lesion and evidence of larvae inside. Antibiotic treatment was initiated, and the patient was taken to the operating room to remove the larvae, but he had no symptomatic improvement. A skull radiograph was taken to visualize the osteolytic lesion, and a 3D computed tomography scan showed osteomyelitis of the external parietal surface. Antibiotic management readjustment continued for a total of six weeks, and a skin flap was used with clinical improvement. Comments: Myiasis is defined as the infestation of vertebrates with fly larvae. In mammals, larvae can feed on host tissue and cause a wide range of infestations depending on their location in the body. The cranial osteomyelitis as a complication of myiasis described in this report seems to be an exceptional case.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandra Galvis
- Napoleon Franco Pareja Children's Hospital, "Children's House", Cartagena, Colombia
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17
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Nieto-Benito LM, Rodriguez-Lomba E, Martin-Rabadan-Caballero P, Perez AP. First report of Autochthonous Furuncular Myiasis caused by Dermatobia Hominis in Europe. J Infect 2021; 83:119-145. [PMID: 33556429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lula Maria Nieto-Benito
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 46 Doctor Esquerdo St, 28007 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Enrique Rodriguez-Lomba
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 46 Doctor Esquerdo St, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Martin-Rabadan-Caballero
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 46 Doctor Esquerdo St, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Pulido Perez
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 46 Doctor Esquerdo St, 28007 Madrid, Spain
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18
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Molecular basis of resistance to organophosphate insecticides in the New World screw-worm fly. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:562. [PMID: 33168079 PMCID: PMC7653728 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04433-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The emergence of insecticide resistance is a fast-paced example of the evolutionary process of natural selection. In this study, we investigated the molecular basis of resistance in the myiasis-causing fly Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae) to dimethyl-organophosphate (OP) insecticides.
Methods
By sequencing the RNA from surviving larvae treated with dimethyl-OP (resistant condition) and non-treated larvae (control condition), we identified genes displaying condition-specific polymorphisms, as well as those differentially expressed.
Results
Both analyses revealed that resistant individuals have altered expression and allele-specific expression of genes involved in proteolysis (specifically serine-endopeptidase), olfactory perception and cuticle metabolism, among others. We also confirmed that resistant individuals carry almost invariably the Trp251Ser mutation in the esterase E3, known to confer OP and Pyrethroid resistance. Interestingly, genes involved in metabolic and detoxifying processes (notably cytochrome P450s) were found under-expressed in resistant individuals. An exception to this were esterases, which were found up-regulated.
Conclusions
These observations suggest that reduced penetration and aversion to dimethyl-OP contaminated food may be important complementary strategies of resistant individuals. The specific genes and processes found are an important starting point for future functional studies. Their role in insecticide resistance merits consideration to better the current pest management strategies.
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19
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Zamaray M, Hekker TAM, Schuurs TC. Man With Gnawing Sensation Under His Scalp. Ann Emerg Med 2020; 76:363-378. [PMID: 32828331 DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mina Zamaray
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Amsterdam Universitair Medische Centra, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Thecla A M Hekker
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam Universitair Medische Centra, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Thomas C Schuurs
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Amsterdam Universitair Medische Centra, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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20
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Kopera D, Vallant CM. A novel method extracting cutaneous myiasis. Int J Dermatol 2020; 59:e315. [DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Kopera
- Department of Dermatology Center of Aesthetic Medicine Medical University of Graz Graz Austria
| | - Christina M. Vallant
- Department of Dermatology Center of Aesthetic Medicine Medical University of Graz Graz Austria
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21
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Sangmala S, Aiempanakit K, Khantee P, Pengsakul T. Cutaneous Myiasis Caused by Chrysomya megacephala in an Infant with Psoriasis Vulgaris. Case Rep Dermatol 2020; 12:249-254. [PMID: 33362512 PMCID: PMC7747082 DOI: 10.1159/000512709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous myiasis is an infestation of the skin by fly larvae, which usually occurs in adults. We present a case of cutaneous myiasis caused by Chrysomya megacephalain a 3-month-old infant with psoriasis vulgaris. In this case report, we highlight the clinical, histopathologic, taxonomic identification, and treatment of cutaneous myiasis occurring in psoriatic skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siripan Sangmala
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Kumpol Aiempanakit
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Puttichart Khantee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
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22
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Qaradaghy S, Hadad S. Myiasis. Clin Case Rep 2020; 8:586. [PMID: 32185070 PMCID: PMC7069856 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.2711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Late presentation of breast cancer is more likely to be complicated and fatal. Local invasion, tissue destruction, skin lose, and superadded infection/infestation make surgical intervention very challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seerwan Qaradaghy
- Department of Breast and PlasticsSheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustSheffieldUK
| | - Sirwan Hadad
- Department of Breast and PlasticsSheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustSheffieldUK
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23
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Bani Hani MN, Al Manasra AR, Daradkah H, Bani Hani F, Bani Hani Z. Cutaneous Myiasis Around Gastrostomy (PEG) Tube Insertion Site: The Second Case Report. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-CASE REPORTS 2019; 12:1179547619869009. [PMID: 31579128 PMCID: PMC6757503 DOI: 10.1177/1179547619869009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Myiasis refers to the infestation of live human with 2-winged larvae (maggots). Cutaneous myiasis is the most commonly encountered clinical form. It is divided into 3 main forms: furuncular, creeping (migratory), and wound (traumatic) myiasis. Case report: In this article, we report an extremely rare case of myiasis around percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube in a 71-year-old female patient. She had the tube placed for feeding purposes, 8 months prior to her presentation. Family noticed alive worms emerging from skin at the gastrostomy tube insertion site. Patient was treated conservatively with daily dressing with no debridement or use of systemic agents. Conclusions: PEG tube cutaneous myiasis is an extremely rare disease. Conservative management with petroleum-based and sterilizing agents is shown to be efficient to clear the disease in a short period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed N Bani Hani
- Department of General Surgery and Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Abdel Rahman Al Manasra
- Department of General Surgery and Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Hamzeh Daradkah
- Department of General Surgery and Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Farah Bani Hani
- School of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Zeina Bani Hani
- School of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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24
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Di Tullio F, Mandel VD, Miglietta R, Pellacani G. Cutaneous myiasis in a traveler returning from Argentina. Dermatol Ther 2019; 32:e12996. [PMID: 31215732 DOI: 10.1111/dth.12996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Myiasis is a common travel-associated dermatosis. We describe a 52-year-old Italian man who acquired Dermatobia hominis when bitten by a mosquito during a visit to Argentina. He had a painful nodular lesion on the left cheek that had been present for about 3 weeks. The complete removal of the larva is the goal of medical treatment. Prescription of antibiotics to avoid secondary infections is not recommended. For psychological reasons and due to the failure of previous therapies, the lesion was excised. Travelers to endemic areas should be informed of preventive measures to reduce mosquito bites and transmission of the infestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Di Tullio
- Dermatology Unit, Surgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences related to Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Victor Desmond Mandel
- Dermatology Unit, Surgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences related to Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Roberta Miglietta
- Dermatology Unit, Surgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences related to Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pellacani
- Dermatology Unit, Surgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences related to Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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25
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Abstract
Myiasis is defined as an infestation of the organs or tissues of live vertebrates (humans or animals) by dipterous larvae, commonly referred to as maggots. Wound myiasis is a common presentation in the emergency department. The presence of wild maggots and larvae in wounds is concerning for subsequent myiasis-induced infections and complications. Proper extraction of wild maggots and larvae is required to avoid complications that may occur with wound myiasis. Surgical debridement is often utilized to extract wild maggots and larvae, but can be painful and time-consuming. There is limited literature available on alternative approaches for removal of wild maggots and larvae. We present a case of lower extremity wound myiasis that had wild maggots and larvae successfully removed with no complications using ether. This procedure is a novel, noninvasive, and pain-free way to extract wild maggots and larvae from wound myiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Wein
- Department of Pharmacy, Detroit Receiving Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Alison Paplaskas
- Emergency Medicine, Mercy Health St. Vincent Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Suprat Saely
- Department of Pharmacy, Detroit Receiving Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
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26
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Diociaiuti A, Oranges T, Giancristoforo S, Dini V, El Hachem M. A novel dermoscopic pattern observed in furuncular myiasis. Australas J Dermatol 2018; 60:e46-e47. [PMID: 30051464 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.12894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Diociaiuti
- Dermatology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Teresa Oranges
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Dini
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maya El Hachem
- Dermatology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
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27
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Landehag J, Skogen A, Åsbakk K, Kan B. Human myiasis caused by the reindeer warble fly, Hypoderma tarandi, case series from Norway, 2011 to 2016. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 22:30576. [PMID: 28749332 PMCID: PMC5532963 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2017.22.29.30576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Hypoderma tarandi causes myiasis in reindeer and caribou (Rangifer tarandus spp.) in most northern hemisphere regions where these animals live. We report a series of 39 human myiasis cases caused by H. tarandi in Norway from 2011 to 2016. Thirty-two were residents of Finnmark, the northernmost county of Norway, one a visitor to Finnmark, and six lived in other counties of Norway where reindeer live. Clinical manifestations involved migratory dermal swellings of the face and head, enlargement of regional lymph nodes, and periorbital oedema, with or without eosinophilia. Most cases of human myiasis are seen in tropical and subtropical countries, and in tourists returning from such areas. Our findings demonstrate that myiasis caused by H. tarandi is more common than previously thought. Healthcare professionals in regions where there is a likelihood of human infestation with H. tarandi (regions populated by reindeer), or treating returning travellers, should be aware of the condition. All clinicians are advised to obtain a detailed travel history when assessing patients with migratory dermal swellings. On clinical suspicion, ivermectin should be given to prevent larval invasion of the eye (ophthalmomyiasis). Since H. tarandi oviposits on hair, we suggest wearing a hat as a prevention measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörgen Landehag
- Department of Paediatrics, Finnmark Hospital Trust, Hammerfest, Norway
| | - Andreas Skogen
- Department of Paediatrics, Finnmark Hospital Trust, Hammerfest, Norway
| | - Kjetil Åsbakk
- UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Boris Kan
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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