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Cheng BT, Rost M, De Clercq E, Arnold L, Elger BS, Wangmo T. Palliative care initiation in pediatric oncology patients: A systematic review. Cancer Med 2018; 8:3-12. [PMID: 30525302 PMCID: PMC6346252 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Palliative care (PC) aims to improve quality of life for patients and their families. The World Health Organization and American Academy of Pediatrics recommend that PC starts at diagnosis for children with cancer. This systematic review describes studies that reported PC timing in the pediatric oncology population. The following databases were searched: PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, and PsycInfo databases. Studies that reported time of PC initiation were independently screened and reviewed by 2 researchers. Studies describing pilot initiatives, published prior to 1998, not written in English, or providing no empirical time information on PC were excluded. Extracted data included sample characteristics and timing of PC discussion and initiation. Of 1120 identified citations, 16 articles met the inclusion criteria and comprised the study cohort. Overall, 54.5% of pediatric oncology patients received any palliative service prior to death. Data revealed PC discussion does not occur until late in the illness trajectory, and PC does not begin until close to time of death. Despite efforts to spur earlier initiation, many pediatric oncology patients do not receive any palliative care service, and those who do, predominantly receive it near the time of death. Delays occur both at first PC discussion and at PC initiation. Efforts for early PC integration must recognize the complex determinants of PC utilization across the illness timeline. This systematic review examines the timing of palliative care initiation in pediatric oncology patients to assess the state of palliative care integration. Many pediatric oncology patients do not receive any palliative service, and those who do, typically receive it late in the illness trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Cheng
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Michael Rost
- Institute for Biomedical Ethics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eva De Clercq
- Institute for Biomedical Ethics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Louisa Arnold
- Institute of Psychology, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Bernice S Elger
- Institute for Biomedical Ethics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tenzin Wangmo
- Institute for Biomedical Ethics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Haines ER, Frost AC, Kane HL, Rokoske FS. Barriers to accessing palliative care for pediatric patients with cancer: A review of the literature. Cancer 2018; 124:2278-2288. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.31265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily R. Haines
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health; The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill North Carolina
- End-of-Life, Hospice, and Palliative Care Program; RTI International; Research Triangle Park North Carolina
| | - A. Corey Frost
- Child and Adolescent Research and Evaluation Program; RTI International; Research Triangle Park North Carolina
| | - Heather L. Kane
- Child and Adolescent Research and Evaluation Program; RTI International; Research Triangle Park North Carolina
| | - Franziska S. Rokoske
- End-of-Life, Hospice, and Palliative Care Program; RTI International; Research Triangle Park North Carolina
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Rahimzadeh V, Bartlett G, Longo C, Crimi L, Macdonald ME, Jabado N, Ells C. Promoting an ethic of engagement in pediatric palliative care research. BMC Palliat Care 2015; 14:50. [PMID: 26474573 PMCID: PMC4608148 DOI: 10.1186/s12904-015-0048-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This paper defends the ethical and empirical significance of direct engagement with terminally ill children and adolescents in PPC research on health-related quality of life. Clinical trials and other forms of health research have resulted in tremendous progress for improving clinical outcomes among children and adolescents diagnosed with a life-threatening illness. Less attention has been paid, however, to engaging this patient population directly in studies aimed at optimizing health-related quality of life in PPC. Though not restricted to care at the end of life, PPC—and by extension PPC research—is in part dependent on recognizing the social complexities of death and dying and where health-related quality of life is a fundamental element. To explore these complexities in depth requires partnership with terminally ill children and adolescents, and acknowledgement of their active social and moral agency in research. Discussion Principles of pediatric research ethics, theoretical tenets of the “new sociology of the child(hood),” and human rights codified in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) underpin the position that a more engagement-centered approach is needed in PPC research. The ethics, sociologies and human rights of engagement will each be discussed as they relate to research with terminally ill children and adolescents in PPC. Qualitative method(ologies) presented in this paper, such as deliberative stakeholder consultations and phenomenology of practice can serve as meaningful vehicles for achieving i) participation among terminally ill children and adolescents; ii) evidence-bases for PPC best practices; and iii) fulfillment of research ethics principles. Conclusion PPC research based on direct engagement with PPC patients better reflects their unique expertise and social epistemologies of terminal illness. Such an approach to research would strengthen both the ethical and methodological soundness of HRQoL inquiry in PPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Rahimzadeh
- Department of Family Medicine, Centre of Genomics and Policy, McGill University, 5858 Côte-des-Neiges, Suite 300, Montréal, QC, H3S 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Gillian Bartlett
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, 5858 Côte-des-Neiges, Suite 300, Montréal, QC, H3S 1Z1, Canada
| | - Cristina Longo
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, 5858 Côte-des-Neiges, Suite 300, Montréal, QC, H3S 1Z1, Canada
| | - Laura Crimi
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, 5858 Côte-des-Neiges, Suite 300, Montréal, QC, H3S 1Z1, Canada
| | - Mary Ellen Macdonald
- Division of Oral Health and Society, Pediatric Palliative Care Research, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, #530-2001 McGill College Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Nada Jabado
- Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital Research Institute, McGill University Health Center, 1001 Décarie Boulevard, Montreal, H4A 3J1, QC, Canada
| | - Carolyn Ells
- Biomedical Ethics Unit, McGill University, 3647 Peel St, Montreal, QC, H3A 1X1, Canada
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Keim-Malpass J, Hart TG, Miller JR. Coverage of palliative and hospice care for pediatric patients with a life-limiting illness: a policy brief. J Pediatr Health Care 2013; 27:511-6. [PMID: 24055071 PMCID: PMC3805677 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2013.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Keim-Malpass
- Post-Doctoral Fellow, Wake Forest University Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Social Sciences and Health Policy
- Corresponding Author Wake Forest School of Medicine Division of Public Health Sciences Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy Medical Center Boulevard Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Terra G. Hart
- Nurse Clinician, University of Virginia Children's Hospital
| | - Joy R. Miller
- Pediatric Palliative Care Nurse Practitioner, University of Virginia Children's Hospital, Division of Pediatric Palliative Care
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Atwood MA, Hoffmann RG, Yan K, Lee KJ. Attitudes about palliative care: a comparison of pediatric critical care and oncology providers. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2013; 31:665-71. [PMID: 23969402 DOI: 10.1177/1049909113500844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pediatric critical care and oncology providers care for patients who have life-threatening or serious illness, yet they receive little palliative care education. OBJECTIVE Compare oncology and critical care providers' attitudes regarding palliative care. METHODS An electronic survey assessed respondents' opinions of whether, when, and why palliative care should be utilized. RESULTS Response rate was 49%. Critical care physicians were more likely to incorporate palliative care for psychosocial support; oncologists for symptom control. Those with palliative care education were more likely to involve in palliative care, did so earlier and for reasons other than end-of-life planning. CONCLUSIONS Oncology and critical care providers utilized palliative care for different reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Atwood
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Raymond G Hoffmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Quantitative Health Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Ke Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, Quantitative Health Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - K Jane Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Doorenbos A, Lindhorst T, Starks H, Aisenberg E, Curtis JR, Hays R. Palliative care in the pediatric ICU: challenges and opportunities for family-centered practice. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL WORK IN END-OF-LIFE & PALLIATIVE CARE 2012; 8:297-315. [PMID: 23194167 PMCID: PMC3647033 DOI: 10.1080/15524256.2012.732461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The culture of pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) is focused on curative or life-prolonging treatments for seriously ill children. We present empirically-based approaches to family-centered palliative care that can be applied in PICUs. Palliative care in these settings is framed by larger issues related to the context of care in PICUs, the stressors experienced by families, and challenges to palliative care philosophy within this environment. Innovations from research on family-centered communication practices in adult ICU settings provide a framework for development of palliative care in PICUs and suggest avenues for social work support of critically ill children and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardith Doorenbos
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing & Health Systems, School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
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Lindley LC. Health Care Reform and Concurrent Curative Care for Terminally Ill Children: A Policy Analysis. J Hosp Palliat Nurs 2011; 13:81-88. [PMID: 22822304 PMCID: PMC3401095 DOI: 10.1097/njh.0b013e318202e308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Within the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 or health care reform, is a relatively small provision about concurrent curative care that significantly affects terminally ill children. Effective on March 23, 2010, terminally ill children, who are enrolled in a Medicaid or state Children's Health Insurance Plans (CHIP) hospice benefit, may concurrently receive curative care related to their terminal health condition. The purpose of this article was to conduct a policy analysis of the concurrent curative care legislation by examining the intended goals of the policy to improve access to care and enhance quality of end of life care for terminally ill children. In addition, the policy analysis explored the political feasibility of implementing concurrent curative care at the state-level. Based on this policy analysis, the federal policy of concurrent curative care for children would generally achieve its intended goals. However, important policy omissions focus attention on the need for further federal end of life care legislation for children. These findings have implications nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa C Lindley
- University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, School of Nursing
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Knapp CA, Madden VL, Curtis C, Sloyer PJ, Shenkman EA. Assessing non-response bias in pediatric palliative care research. Palliat Med 2010; 24:340-7. [PMID: 20123943 DOI: 10.1177/0269216309351466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
National experts have recognized a need for increased research in pediatric palliative care. However, when conducting research it is important to use rigorous methods, report significant and non-significant findings, and include information on responders and non-responders. Most studies do not present information on non-responders, yet this is critical as the results many not be generalizable if there are inherent differences between the two groups. Using survey data from parents whose children with life-limiting illnesses were enrolled in Florida's publicly funded pediatric palliative care program called Partners in Care: Together for Kids; this study investigates whether non-response bias exists, and if so, what characteristics are associated with non-response. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to determine whether individual characteristics differed between responders and non-responders. Throughout our analyses, we conducted the analyses using different ways in which 'non-response' can be defined. Our results suggest that regardless of how non-response is defined, Black, non-Hispanic parents were less likely to participate than White non-Hispanic parents. However, we also found that of the Black, non-Hispanic parents who did not participate, their primary reason for doing so was that they had non-working or disconnected phone numbers. Only 3% of the Black, non-Hispanic parents who did not participate flatly refused. Information from this study can be used to design interventions aimed at increasing minority participation in pediatric palliative care research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caprice A Knapp
- Departments of Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, University of Florida, Gainesville FL, USA.
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Lindley LC, Mark BA. Children with special health care needs: Impact of health care expenditures on family financial burden. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2010; 19:79-89. [PMID: 20495615 PMCID: PMC2872488 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-009-9286-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the relationship between health care expenditures for Special Health Care Needs (SHCN) children and family perception of financial burden. Using 2005/2006 National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs data, a multivariate logistic regression model was used to estimate the relationship between the SHCN child's health care expenditure and perceived financial burden, while controlling for family and child characteristics. Our analysis suggests that health care expenditures for a SHCN child of $250 and more are associated with family perception of financial burden. In addition, families with lower socioeconomic status also perceived financial burden at lower level of expenditures. Members of the health care team who treat children with SHCN have an important role in understanding and assessing family financial burden as part of the care delivery to the child and the family. Our study reinforces the need to treat the whole family as the unit of care, especially when caring for children with special health care needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa C. Lindley
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina – Chapel Hill, Carrington Hall, CB 7460, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7460
| | - Barbara A. Mark
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina – Chapel Hill, Carrington Hall, CB 7460, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7460
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Providing hospice care to children and young adults: A descriptive study of end-of-life organizations. J Hosp Palliat Nurs 2009; 11:315-323. [PMID: 20606723 DOI: 10.1097/njh.0b013e3181bcfd62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, end-of-life organizations have served an increasing number of children and young adults and expanded services important to terminally ill youth, and yet we know little about these organizations. The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics of end-of-life care organizations that admitted children and young adults to hospice care. Using data from the 2007 National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization (NHPCO) Survey, we conducted a descriptive analysis of operational, mission, market, and financial characteristics, and explored a sub-analysis by age group. Our analysis revealed that these organizations had similar profit status, ownership, and payer mix when compared to the hospice industry. However, they differed in agency type, referrals, organizational size, geographic location, team member caseload, and revenues. We also found important differences in organizations that provided hospice care by age groups (infants, toddler, school-age children, and adolescents/young adults) in geographic location, region, agency type, accreditation, and team member caseload. These findings have managerial and policy implications.
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Johnston DL, Nagel K, Friedman DL, Meza JL, Hurwitz CA, Friebert S. Availability and Use of Palliative Care and End-of-Life Services for Pediatric Oncology Patients. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26:4646-50. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.16.1562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposePalliative care prevents or relieves the symptoms caused by life-threatening medical conditions. Previous surveys have shown both underuse and lack of availability of these services for children with cancer throughout North America. We sought to investigate the current practices and resources surrounding palliative and end-of-life care among participating institutions of the Children's Oncology Group (COG).MethodsA survey regarding practices and resources was developed by the COG palliative care subcommittee and was sent to all 232 institutions to complete for the calendar year 2005.ResultsThe survey was completed by 81% of the institutions. Per institution, there were a mean of 64.6 newly diagnosed patients and 17.7 patients experiencing relapse. A palliative care team was available in 58% of institutions, a pain service in 90%, a hospice in 60%, a psychosocial support team in 80%, and a bereavement program in 59%. Complementary and alternative medicine was available in 39% of institutions and in 95% of the COG institution's community. Most services, even when available, were not well used by patients.ConclusionDespite the well-established benefit of pediatric palliative care, it is only offered in 58% of COG institutions caring for children with cancer. In an era where the benefit of palliative care has been clearly established, this number should approach 100%. Efforts should be directed toward understanding barriers to provision of such services, so that they are available and well used at all childhood cancer centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna L. Johnston
- From the Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Seattle Children's Hospital and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Preventive and Societal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; Maine Children's Cancer Program and the Division of Pediatric Oncology at the Barbara
| | - Kim Nagel
- From the Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Seattle Children's Hospital and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Preventive and Societal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; Maine Children's Cancer Program and the Division of Pediatric Oncology at the Barbara
| | - Debra L. Friedman
- From the Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Seattle Children's Hospital and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Preventive and Societal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; Maine Children's Cancer Program and the Division of Pediatric Oncology at the Barbara
| | - Jane L. Meza
- From the Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Seattle Children's Hospital and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Preventive and Societal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; Maine Children's Cancer Program and the Division of Pediatric Oncology at the Barbara
| | - Craig A. Hurwitz
- From the Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Seattle Children's Hospital and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Preventive and Societal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; Maine Children's Cancer Program and the Division of Pediatric Oncology at the Barbara
| | - Sarah Friebert
- From the Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Seattle Children's Hospital and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Department of Preventive and Societal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; Maine Children's Cancer Program and the Division of Pediatric Oncology at the Barbara
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Abstract
Symptoms experienced by patients with cancer can occur as a direct effect of the disease process and be related to side effects of treatment. Many patients with cancer also are older in age and have comorbidities, such as diabetes and heart disease. Comorbid conditions also produce disease and treatment-related symptoms that may have an independent or compounding effect on cancer-related symptoms.
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Tomlinson D, Bartels U, Hendershot E, Constantin J, Wrathall G, Sung L. Challenges to participation in paediatric palliative care research: a review of the literature. Palliat Med 2007; 21:435-40. [PMID: 17901103 DOI: 10.1177/0269216307077173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
It has been identified that there is a need for increased palliative care research within the paediatric setting. The assessment of parental views is necessary for this population. However, the conduct of research and recruitment of participants is often challenging. While conducting a study that involved parents of children receiving palliative or end-of-life care, the authors found that there were particular challenges to recruiting these parents. This comprehensive review of the literature aims to address the ethical and recruitment issues of involving parents of children that are receiving palliative or end-of-life care. Key elements, that may maximize completion of research and a more representative sample, are also discussed. These elements include obtaining the opinions on study design and interview script from experienced families and maximizing the partnership between health care professionals and the research team.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Tomlinson
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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