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Bhushan B, Nanda V, Jindal N. Strategies for processing and valorization of ash gourd byproducts: A comprehensive review. Food Chem 2025; 473:143040. [PMID: 39884232 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.143040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Revised: 01/04/2025] [Accepted: 01/21/2025] [Indexed: 02/01/2025]
Abstract
Ash gourd (Benincasa hispida) is cultivated for its medicinal benefits, with processing enhancing its health properties and shelf life. The processing industries generate significant byproducts, with peel and seeds common across all methods, along with lime (from petha sweet production), brine wastewater (from fermented foods), and pulp from juice processing. This review focuses on peel, seeds, and lime wastewater, which contain valuable compounds like polyphenols, terpenoids, essential oils, and ribosome-inactivating proteins known for their antioxidant and antibacterial properties. The review explores the bio-functionalities of these byproducts, highlighting applications in wastewater treatment, bioenergy production, edible coatings, prebiotics, medicinal products, and enzyme production. Rich in polyphenols, flavonoids, and essential oils, these byproducts offer versatile uses, such as biosorption, bio-coagulation, nanoparticle synthesis, bioenergy production, and medicinal formulations. Further research into their potential for functional foods and high-value applications is essential to maximize their benefits for human health, environmental sustainability, and economic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Bhushan
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal 148106, (Sangrur) Punjab, India.
| | - Vikas Nanda
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal 148106, (Sangrur) Punjab, India
| | - Navdeep Jindal
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal 148106, (Sangrur) Punjab, India
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Shakoor R, Hussain N, Younas S, Bilal M. Novel strategies for extraction, purification, processing, and stability improvement of bioactive molecules. J Basic Microbiol 2023; 63:276-291. [PMID: 36316223 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202200401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive molecules gain significance in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries for showcasing various beneficial biological properties including but not limited to anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and antidiabetic. However, the practice of using traditional approaches to produce bioactive molecules is gradually declining due to various limitations such as low product quality, high toxicity, low product yield, low efficiency, and product degradation. Thus, with the escalating demand for these bioactive molecules and active agents in food and other food-related industries, it has become a dire need for the scientific world to come up with novel approaches and strategies that cannot just improve the quality of these bioactives but also prepare them in a comparatively shorter time span. This review includes the latest approaches and techniques used either independently or in combinations for the extraction, purification, processing, and stability improvement of general bioactive molecules. Different parameters of these versatile techniques have been discussed with their effectiveness and work principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafia Shakoor
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nazim Hussain
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saima Younas
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Poznan, Poland
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3
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Milovanovic S, Grzegorczyk A, Świątek Ł, Grzęda A, Dębczak A, Tyskiewicz K, Konkol M. A Novel Strategy for the Separation of Functional Oils from Chamomile Seeds. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2023; 16:1-16. [PMID: 37363382 PMCID: PMC9970133 DOI: 10.1007/s11947-023-03038-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
The main aim of this study was to evaluate the oils from chamomile seeds as a new source of bioactive compounds suitable for human consumption. A green extraction technique with supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO2) at pressures up to 450 bar and temperatures up to 60 °C was employed for the production of a high amount of biologically active oil. Additionally, exhausted waste material was re-extracted using sc-CO2 with the addition of ethanol. By optimization in operating pressure, temperature, production cost, fraction of milled seeds, and co-solvent addition, the amount of separated chamomile oil increased from 2.4 to 18.6% and the content of unsaturated fatty acids up to 88.7%. Oils contained α-bisabolol oxide A and B in amounts up to 1.4%. Linoleic acid was detected in an amount up to 711.1 mg/g and α-linolenic acid up to 27.5 mg/g. The total phenolic content in separated oil reached 80.4 mg GAE/g while the total flavonoid content reached 11.6 mg QE/g. The obtained chamomile oils showed antioxidant activity with an IC50 of up to 3.9 mg/mL. Among the 23 tested microorganisms, the antimicrobial activity of oils was the most pronounced against Gram-positive bacteria. The cytotoxic activity of oils was tested on normal and cancer-derived cell lines. Results indicated a significant potential for oil from chamomile seeds, produced in an eco-friendly manner, as a functional food. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11947-023-03038-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stoja Milovanovic
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia
- Łukasiewicz Research Network- New Chemical Syntheses Institute, Al. Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego 13a, 24-110 Puławy, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Grzegorczyk
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Str, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Łukasz Świątek
- Department of Virology with SARS Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Str, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anita Grzęda
- Łukasiewicz Research Network- New Chemical Syntheses Institute, Al. Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego 13a, 24-110 Puławy, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Dębczak
- Łukasiewicz Research Network- New Chemical Syntheses Institute, Al. Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego 13a, 24-110 Puławy, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Tyskiewicz
- Łukasiewicz Research Network- New Chemical Syntheses Institute, Al. Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego 13a, 24-110 Puławy, Poland
| | - Marcin Konkol
- Łukasiewicz Research Network- New Chemical Syntheses Institute, Al. Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego 13a, 24-110 Puławy, Poland
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Effects of Zedo gum edible coating enriched with microwave-agitated bed extracted bioactive compounds from lemon verbena leaves on oxidative stability of Oncorhynchus mykiss. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01516-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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5
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Valorisation of plant seed as natural bioactive compounds by various extraction methods: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Jha AK, Sit N. Extraction of bioactive compounds from plant materials using combination of various novel methods: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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7
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Islam MT, Quispe C, El-Kersh DM, Shill MC, Bhardwaj K, Bhardwaj P, Sharifi-Rad J, Martorell M, Hossain R, Al-Harrasi A, Al-Rawahi A, Butnariu M, Rotariu LS, Suleria HAR, Taheri Y, Docea AO, Calina D, Cho WC. A Literature-Based Update on Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn.: Traditional Uses, Nutraceutical, and Phytopharmacological Profiles. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6349041. [PMID: 34925698 PMCID: PMC8683187 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6349041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn. (Cucurbitaceae) is an annual climbing plant, native to Asia with multiple therapeutic uses in traditional medicine. This updated review is aimed at discussing the ethnopharmacological, phytochemical, pharmacological properties, and molecular mechanisms highlighted in preclinical experimental studies and toxicological safety to evaluate the therapeutic potential of this genus. The literature from PubMed, Google Scholar, Elsevier, Springer, Science Direct, and database was analyzed using the basic keyword "Benincasa hispida." Other searching strategies, including online resources, books, and journals, were used. The taxonomy of the plant has been made by consulting "The Plant List". The results showed that B. hispida has been used in traditional medicine to treat neurological diseases, kidney disease, fever, and cough accompanied by thick mucus and to fight intestinal worms. The main bioactive compounds contained in Benincasa hispida have cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. Further safety and efficacy investigations are needed to confirm these beneficial therapeutic effects and also future human clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj (Dhaka) 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Cristina Quispe
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Avda. Arturo Prat 2120, Iquique 1110939, Chile
| | - Dina M. El-Kersh
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El Sherouk, Cairo Governorate, Egypt
| | - Manik Chandra Shill
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Kanchan Bhardwaj
- Department of Botany, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan-173229, H. P., India
| | - Prerna Bhardwaj
- Department of Botany, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan-173229, H. P., India
| | | | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, 4070386 Concepción, Chile
| | - Rajib Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj (Dhaka) 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Almouz, 616, Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Rawahi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Almouz, 616, Oman
| | - Monica Butnariu
- Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania” from Timisoara, 300645, Calea Aradului 119, Timis, Romania
| | - Lia Sanda Rotariu
- Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania” from Timisoara, 300645, Calea Aradului 119, Timis, Romania
| | | | - Yasaman Taheri
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 42 Craiova, Romania
| | - William C. Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Patil PD, Patil SP, Kelkar RK, Patil NP, Pise PV, Nadar SS. Enzyme-assisted supercritical fluid extraction: An integral approach to extract bioactive compounds. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Putra NR, Rizkiyah DN, Abdul Aziz AH, Machmudah S, Jumakir J, Waluyo W, Che Yunus MA. Procyanidin and proanthocyanidin extraction from
Arachis hypogaea
skins by using supercritical carbon dioxide: Optimization and modeling. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicky Rahmana Putra
- Centre of Lipid Engineering and Applied Research (CLEAR), Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru Campus Johor Bahru Malaysia
| | - Dwila Nur Rizkiyah
- Centre of Lipid Engineering and Applied Research (CLEAR), Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru Campus Johor Bahru Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Hazim Abdul Aziz
- Centre of Lipid Engineering and Applied Research (CLEAR), Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru Campus Johor Bahru Malaysia
| | - Siti Machmudah
- Department of Chemical Engineering Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya Indonesia
| | - Jumakir Jumakir
- Assesment Institute of Agricultural Technology (AIAT) Jambi Jambi Indonesia
| | - Waluyo Waluyo
- Assesment Institute of Agricultural Technology (AIAT) Palembang Palembang Indonesia
| | - Mohd Azizi Che Yunus
- Centre of Lipid Engineering and Applied Research (CLEAR), Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru Campus Johor Bahru Malaysia
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Solubility of catechin and epicatechin from Arachis Hypogea skins wastes by using supercritical carbon dioxide-ethanol and its optimization. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-020-00797-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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A short time bioactive compounds extraction from Cucurbita pepo seed using continuous ultrasound‐assisted extraction. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-00810-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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De la Peña Armada R, Bronze MR, Matias A, Mateos-Aparicio I. Triterpene-Rich Supercritical CO2 Extracts from Apple By-product Protect Human Keratinocytes Against ROS. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-021-02615-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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13
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Putra NR, Rizkiyah DN, Machmudah S, Shalleh LM, Che Yunus MA. Recovery and solubility of flavonoid and phenolic contents from
Arachis Hypogea
in supercritical carbon dioxide assisted by ethanol as cosolvent. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicky Rahmana Putra
- Centre of Lipid Engineering and Applied Research (CLEAR) Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru Malaysia
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru Malaysia
| | - Dwila Nur Rizkiyah
- Centre of Lipid Engineering and Applied Research (CLEAR) Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru Malaysia
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru Malaysia
| | - Siti Machmudah
- Department of Chemical Engineering Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya Indonesia
| | - Liza Mohd Shalleh
- Centre of Lipid Engineering and Applied Research (CLEAR) Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru Malaysia
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru Malaysia
| | - Mohd Azizi Che Yunus
- Centre of Lipid Engineering and Applied Research (CLEAR) Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru Malaysia
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru Malaysia
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Modified Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Biologically Active Compounds from Feijoa Sellowiana Leaves. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/ijfe-2018-0342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
For the first time, the modified supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (MSCE) of biologically active compounds from Feijoa sellowiana leaves was investigated. Total yield (TY) and bioactivity of biocompounds in terms of DPPH• (%DPPHsc) and HO• (%HOsc) radicals scavenging were maximized via multivariate optimization. The optimized conditions were the pressure of 272.34 bar, supercritical carbon dioxide flow rate of 1.58 mL min−1, temperature of 52.48 °C, and dynamic extraction time of 110.62 min. The predicted values of the TY, %DPPHsc, and %HOsc were 81.12 mg g−1, 85.16 %, and 75.66 %, respectively. The chromatographic analysis demonstrated gallic acid as the main biophenolic (136.20 ± 0.16 mg g−1). The scanning electron microscopy images showed dramatic disruption of cells treated with MSCE. A comprehensive comparison was made between current findings and other techniques (conventional and ultrasonic waves assisted extraction). More TY was achieved using conventional method but the bioactivity of MSCE products was considerably better.
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Bimakr M, Ganjloo A, Noroozi A. Effect of acoustic cavitation phenomenon on bioactive compounds release from Eryngium caucasicum leaves. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-019-00103-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mousavi M, Bimakr M, Ghoreishi SM, Ganjloo A. Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Feijoa (Feijoa sellowiana) Leaves. NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCES RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.29252/nfsr.5.3.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Poodi Y, Bimakr M, Ganjloo A, Zarringhalami S. Intensification of bioactive compounds extraction from Feijoa ( Feijoa sellowiana Berg.) leaves using ultrasonic waves. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ultrasound-assisted extraction of bioactive compounds from Malva sylvestris leaves and its comparison with agitated bed extraction technique. Food Sci Biotechnol 2017; 26:1481-1490. [PMID: 30263685 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-017-0229-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) variables-namely extraction temperature (40-60 °C), ultrasonic power (50-150 W), and sonication time (40-60 min)-on the extractive value (EV) of bioactive phenolics from Malva sylvestris leaves were investigated and optimized using Response surface methodology. The effects of extraction solvents (ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane) on EV, free radical scavenging activity (FRSA), total phenolic content (TPC), and major bioactive phenolics were studied using agitated bed extraction (ABE), and the results were compared with the UAE findings. Under the optimal UAE conditions (48 °C, 110.00 W, and 48.77 min) the experimental EV was 279.89 ± 0.21 mg/g with 71.12 ± 0.15% DPPHsc, 73.35 ± 0.11% ABTSsc, and a TPC of 152.25 ± 0.14 mg GAE/g. Ethanolic ABE results in higher EV (320.16 ± 0.25 mg g-1) compared to UAE, while the FRSA and TPC values were reduced. HPLC analysis revealed that the concentration of bioactive phenolics increased significantly (p < 0.05) under the optimal UAE conditions.
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Alexandre EMC, Moreira SA, Castro LMG, Pintado M, Saraiva JA. Emerging technologies to extract high added value compounds from fruit residues: Sub/supercritical, ultrasound-, and enzyme-assisted extractions. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2017.1359842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabete M. C. Alexandre
- Department of Chemistry, Research Unit of Química Orgânica, Produtos Naturaise Agroalimentares (QOPNA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina – Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Porto, Portugal
| | - Silvia A. Moreira
- Department of Chemistry, Research Unit of Química Orgânica, Produtos Naturaise Agroalimentares (QOPNA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina – Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís M. G. Castro
- Department of Chemistry, Research Unit of Química Orgânica, Produtos Naturaise Agroalimentares (QOPNA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Manuela Pintado
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina – Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge A. Saraiva
- Department of Chemistry, Research Unit of Química Orgânica, Produtos Naturaise Agroalimentares (QOPNA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
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