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Molecular Identification and Immunity Functional Characterization of Lmserpin1 in Locusta migratoria manilensis. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12020178. [PMID: 33670781 PMCID: PMC7922424 DOI: 10.3390/insects12020178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Insect serpins play a vital role in the defense mechanism of insects, especially in the Toll pathway and PPO (prophenoloxidase) cascade. In this study, we provided an answer to the open question of whether serpin1 was involved in the humoral immune responses of Locusta migratoria manilensis. We identified a new Lmserpin1 gene from L. migratoria manilensis and investigated its expression profiles in all examined stages and tissues. Meanwhile, by interfering with Lmserpin1 gene, we examined the mortality of L. migratoria manilensis under Metarhizium anisopliae infection, as well as the activities of protective enzymes and detoxifying enzymes and the expression level of three immune-related genes (PPAE (prophenoloxidase-activating enzyme), PPO, and defensin). The results indicated that Lmserpin1 gene up-regulated the immune responses of L. migratoria manilensis and inhibited the infection of M. anisopliae. Our results are of great importance for better understanding of the mechanism characterization of Lmserpin1 in L. migratoria manilensis. Abstract Serine protease inhibitors (Serpins) are a broadly distributed superfamily of proteins that exist in organisms with the role of immune responses. Lmserpin1 gene was cloned firstly from Locusta migratoria manilensis and then was detected in all tested stages from eggs to adults and six different tissues through qRT-PCR analysis. The expression was significantly higher in the 3rd instars and within integument. After RNAi treatment, the expression of Lmserpin1 was significantly down-regulated at four different time points. Moreover, it dropped significantly in the fat body and hemolymph at 24 h after treatment. The bioassay results indicated that the mortality of L. migratoria manilensis treated with dsSerpin1 + Metarhizium was significantly higher than the other three treatments. Furthermore, the immune-related genes (PPAE, PPO, and defensin) treated by dsSerpin1 + Metarhizium were significantly down-regulated compared with the Metarhizium treatment, but the activities of phenoloxidase (PO), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and multifunctional oxidase (MFO) were fluctuating. Our results suggest that Lmserpin1 plays a crucial role in the innate immunity of L. migratoria manilensis. Lmserpin1 probably took part in regulation of melanization and promoted the synthesis of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs).
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Wang NM, Li JJ, Shang ZY, Yu QT, Xue CB. Increased Responses of Phenoloxidase in Chlorantraniliprole Resistance of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2020; 20:5867158. [PMID: 32620012 PMCID: PMC7334004 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieaa066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella, DBM) is an important pest of cruciferous vegetables. The use of chlorantraniliprole has been essential in the management of the DBM. However, in many countries and areas, DBM has become highly resistant to chlorantraniliprole. Three different DBM strains, susceptible (S), chlorantraniliprole-selected (Rc), and field-collected (Rb) resistant strains/populations were studied for the role of phenoloxidase in resistance development to the insecticide. By assaying the activity of phenoloxidase (PO) in the three different DBM strains, the results showed that the PO activity in the Rc strain was increased significantly compared with the S strain. The synergistic effects of quercetin showed that the resistant ratio (RR) of the QRc larvae to chlorantraniliprole was decreased from 423.95 to 316.42-fold compared with the Rc larvae. Further studies demonstrated that the transcriptional and translational expression levels of PxPPO1 (P. xylostella prophenoloxidase-1 gene) and PxPPO2 (P. xylostella prophenoloxidase-2 gene) were increased to varying degrees compared with the S strain, such as the transcriptional expression levels of PxPPO2 were 24.02-fold that of the S strain. The responses of phenoloxidase were significantly different in chlorantraniliprole-resistant DBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian-Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Jing-Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Ze-Yu Shang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Qi-Tong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Chao-Bin Xue
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Corresponding author, e-mail:
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Nixha AR, Ergun A, Gencer N, Arslan O, Arslan M. Development of carbazole-bearing pyridopyrimidine-substituted urea/thiourea as polyphenol oxidase inhibitors: synthesis, biochemistry, and theoretical studies. Arch Physiol Biochem 2019; 125:263-269. [PMID: 29569496 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1453523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenol oxidase (Tyrosinase, PPO) has received considerable attention, since it is the key enzyme in melanin biosynthesis. In this study, we investigated prepared novel carbazole-containing pyridopyrimidine-substituted with urea and thiourea derivatives and their PPO activities on the diphenolase activity of banana tyrosinase. The structures of the compounds synthesized were confirmed by 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, FTIR and elemental analysis. PPO enzyme was purified from banana on an affinity gel comprised of Sepharose 4B-L-tyrosine-p-amino benzoic acid. For evaluating the enzyme activity, the synthesised compounds were subjected to tyrosinase inhibition assay using catechol as substrate. While some of the compounds (6, 7, 8f, 8h, 8i, 8j) showed enzyme inhibitor effect, some of them (8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, 8e, 8g, 8k) activated the PPO enzyme activity. Gaussian software was used for the molecular calculations to explain the results for the prepared compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arleta Rifati Nixha
- a Chemistry Department , University of Prishtina , Prishtina , Republic of Kosova
| | - Adem Ergun
- b Chemistry Department , Balikesir University , Balikesir , Turkey
| | - Nahit Gencer
- b Chemistry Department , Balikesir University , Balikesir , Turkey
| | - Oktay Arslan
- b Chemistry Department , Balikesir University , Balikesir , Turkey
| | - Mustafa Arslan
- c Chemistry Department , Sakarya University , Sakarya , Turkey
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Abro NA, Wang G, Ullah H, Long GL, Hao K, Nong X, Cai N, Tu X, Zhang Z. Influence of Metarhizium anisopliae (IMI330189) and Mad1 protein on enzymatic activities and Toll-related genes of migratory locust. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:17797-17808. [PMID: 31037535 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05158-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Efficacy of Metarhizium anisopliae strain (IMI330189) and Mad1 protein alone or in combination by feeding method to overcome immune-related enzymes and Toll-like pathway genes was investigated in migratory locust. M. anisopliae (IMI330189) is a potent and entomopathogenic fungal strain could be effectively used against insect pests. Similarly, Mad1 protein adheres to insect cuticle, causing virulence to insects. We confirmed maximum 55% of mortality when M. anisopliae (IMI330189) and Mad1 was applied in combination. Similarly, increased PO activity was observed in locust with combined dose of Mad1 + IMI330189 whereas PO, POD, and SOD activities reduced using Mad1 independently. Four Toll-like signaling pathway genes (MyD88, Cactus, Pelle, and CaN) were investigated from midgut and body of the migratory locust after 72 h of treatments. Subsequently, the expression of MyD88 in the midgut and body significantly decreased with the application of Mad1 and Mad1 + IMI330189. Performance of these treatments was absolutely non-consistent in both parts of insects. Meanwhile, IMI330189 significantly raised the expression of Cactus in both midgut and body. However, the combined treatment (Mad1 + IMI330189) significantly reduced the Cactus expression in both body parts. Pelle expression was significantly increased in the midgut with the application of independent treatment of Mad1 and IMI330189 whereas the combined treatment (Mad1 + IMI330189) suppressed the Pelle expression in midgut. Its expression level was absolutely higher in body with the application of IMI330189 and Mad1 + IMI330189 only. On the other hand, Mad1 significantly increased the expression of CaN in midgut. However, all three treatments significantly affected and suppressed the expression of CaN gene in body of locust. This shows that the applications of M. anisopliae and Mad1 protein significantly affected Toll signaling pathway genes, which ultimately increased level of susceptibility of locust. However, their effect was significantly different in both parts of locust which recommends that the Toll-related genes are conserved in midgut instead of locust body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazir Ahmed Abro
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
- Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Pests in Xilin Gol Rangeland, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xilinhot, 026000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hidayat Ullah
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
- Department of Agriculture, The University of Swabi, Anbar, Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 23561, Pakistan
| | - Guo Long Long
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Hao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangqun Nong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Ni Cai
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiongbing Tu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Zehua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
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Cao G, Jia M, Zhao X, Wang L, Tu X, Wang G, Nong X, Zhang Z. Different Effects of Metarhizium anisopliae Strains IMI330189 and IBC200614 on Enzymes Activities and Hemocytes of Locusta migratoria L. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155257. [PMID: 27227835 PMCID: PMC4881918 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metarhizium is an important class of entomopathogenic fungi in the biocontrol of insects, but its virulence is affected by insect immunity. To clarify the mechanism in virulence of Metarhizium, we compared the immunological differences in Locusta migratoria L. when exposed to two strains of Metarhizium anisopliae (Ma). RESULTS The virulence of Ma IMI330189 was significantly higher than that of Ma IBC200614 to locust, and IMI330189 overcame the hemocytes and began destroying the hemocytes of locust at 72 h after spray, while locust is immune to IBC200614. IMI330189 could overcome the humoral immunity of locust by inhibiting the activities of phenol oxidase (PO), esterases, multi-function oxidases (MFOs) and acetylcholinesterases in locust while increasing the activities of glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs), catalase and aryl-acylamidase (AA). However IBC200614 inhibit the activities of GSTs and AA in locust and increase the activities of MFOs, PO, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and chitinase in locust. The changes of enzymes activities in period of infection showed that the time period between the 2nd and the 5th day after spray is critical in the pathogenic process. CONCLUSION These results found the phenomenon that Ma initiatively broke host hemocytes, revealed the correlation between the virulence of Ma and the changes of enzymes activities in host induced by Ma, and clarified the critical period in the infection of Ma. So, these results should provide guidance for the construction of efficient biocontrol Ma strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangchun Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests/Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Miao Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests/Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests/Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests/Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiongbing Tu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests/Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Guangjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests/Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiangqun Nong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests/Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zehua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests/Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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Demir D, Gençer N, Er A. Purification and characterization of prophenoloxidase fromGalleria mellonellaL. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 40:391-5. [DOI: 10.3109/10731199.2012.696060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Bae N, Lödl M, Pollak A, Lubec G. Mass spectrometrical analysis of cuticular proteins from the wing of Hebemoia glaucippe (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). J Proteomics 2011; 75:517-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Revised: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Moon TS, Nielsen DR, Prather KLJ. Sensitivity analysis of a proposed model mechanism for newly created glucose-6-oxidases. AIChE J 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.12762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Li ZC, Chen LH, Yu XJ, Hu YH, Song KK, Zhou XW, Chen QX. Inhibition kinetics of chlorobenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazones on mushroom tyrosinase. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:12537-12540. [PMID: 21062043 DOI: 10.1021/jf1033625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
2-Chlorobenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (2-Cl-BT) and 4-chlorobenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (4-Cl-BT) were synthesized, and their inhibitory kinetics on the activity of mushroom tyrosinase were investigated. Results showed that these compounds exhibited significant inhibitory potency on both monophenolase activity and diphenolase activity of tyrosinase. For the monophenolase activity, both compounds could decrease the steady-state activity of the enzyme sharply, without any influence on the lag period. The IC50 values of them were estimated to be 15.4 μM and 6.7 μM, respectively. For the diphenolase activity, both compounds belonged to reversible inhibitors, but their mechanisms were different: 2-Cl-BT was a noncompetitive type inhibitor, while 4-Cl-BT was a mixed-type inhibitor. Their inhibition constants were determined and compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Cong Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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HAGHBEEN KAMAHLDIN, KHALILI MASOUMEHBABAEI, NEMATPOUR FATMEHSAEID, GHEIBI NEMATOLAH, FAZLI MOSTAFA, ALIJANIANZADEH MEHDI, JAHROMI SAMANEHZOLGHADRI, SARIRI REYHANEH. SURVEYING ALLOSTERIC COOPERATIVITY AND COOPERATIVE INHIBITION IN MUSHROOM TYROSINASE. J Food Biochem 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2009.00280.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Inactivation Kinetics of Polyphenol Oxidase from Pupae of Blowfly (Sarcophaga bullata) in the Dimethyl Sulfoxide Solution. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2009; 160:2166-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-009-8714-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2009] [Accepted: 07/07/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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