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Elaine Mankge M, Penistacia Maela M, Mark Abrahams A, Hope Serepa-Dlamini M. Screening of Bacillus spp. bacterial endophytes for protease production, and application in feather degradation and bio-detergent additive. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30736. [PMID: 38765083 PMCID: PMC11098850 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Research on proteases and secondary metabolites from endophytes is an area that requires attention from researchers. In this study, proteases from Bacillus sp. strain MHSD16 and Bacillus sp. strain MHSD17 endophytes were characterised, and their potential biotechnological applications were investigated. Optimum protease production was achieved when isolates were grown in media containing (g/L): glucose 10g, casein 5g, yeast extract 5g, KH2PO4 2g, Na2CO3 10g at pH 9. The crude protease extracts were active in alkaline environments, thus referred to as alkaline proteases with optimal pH of 10. Additionally, Bacillus sp. strain MHSD 16 and Bacillus sp. strain MHSD17 proteases were active at high temperatures, with optimum enzyme activity at 50 °C. Thermostability profiles of these proteases showed that the enzymes were highly stable between (40-60 °C), maintaining over 85 % stability after 120 min incubation at 60 °C. Furthermore, the enzymes were stable and compatible with various household and laundry detergents. In the presence of commercial laundry detergent, OMO® 68 % and 72 % activity was retained for Bacillus sp. strain MHSD16 and Bacillus sp. strain MHSD17, respectively, while 67 % and 68 % activity were retained in the presence of Sunlight®. The potential application for use in detergents was investigated through the removal of blood stains with the crude alkaline extracts displaying efficient stain removal abilities. Feather degradation was also investigated and Bacillus sp. MHSD17 exhibited feather keratin degrading properties more effectively than Bacillus sp. MHSD16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malese Elaine Mankge
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, PO Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa
| | - Mehabo Penistacia Maela
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, PO Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa
| | - Adrian Mark Abrahams
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, PO Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa
| | - Mahloro Hope Serepa-Dlamini
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, PO Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa
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2
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Falkenberg F, Voß L, Bott M, Bongaerts J, Siegert P. New robust subtilisins from halotolerant and halophilic Bacillaceae. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s00253-023-12553-w. [PMID: 37160606 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12553-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was the characterisation of three true subtilisins and one phylogenetically intermediate subtilisin from halotolerant and halophilic microorganisms. Considering the currently growing enzyme market for efficient and novel biocatalysts, data mining is a promising source for novel, as yet uncharacterised enzymes, especially from halophilic or halotolerant Bacillaceae, which offer great potential to meet industrial needs. Both halophilic bacteria Pontibacillus marinus DSM 16465T and Alkalibacillus haloalkaliphilus DSM 5271T and both halotolerant bacteria Metabacillus indicus DSM 16189 and Litchfieldia alkalitelluris DSM 16976T served as a source for the four new subtilisins SPPM, SPAH, SPMI and SPLA. The protease genes were cloned and expressed in Bacillus subtilis DB104. Purification to apparent homogeneity was achieved by ethanol precipitation, desalting and ion-exchange chromatography. Enzyme activity could be observed between pH 5.0-12.0 with an optimum for SPPM, SPMI and SPLA around pH 9.0 and for SPAH at pH 10.0. The optimal temperature for SPMI and SPLA was 70 °C and for SPPM and SPAH 55 °C and 50 °C, respectively. All proteases showed high stability towards 5% (w/v) SDS and were active even at NaCl concentrations of 5 M. The four proteases demonstrate potential for future biotechnological applications. KEY POINTS: • Halophilic and halotolerant Bacillaceae are a valuable source of new subtilisins. • Four new subtilisins were biochemically characterised in detail. • The four proteases show potential for future biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Falkenberg
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Leonie Voß
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Michael Bott
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Johannes Bongaerts
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Petra Siegert
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428, Jülich, Germany.
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3
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Liu J, Li B, Li Z, Yang F, Chen B, Chen J, Li H, Jiang Z. Deciphering the alkaline stable mechanism of bacterial laccase from Bacillus pumilus by molecular dynamics simulation can improve the decolorization of textile dyes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 443:130370. [PMID: 36444079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Laccases are considered promising tools for removing synthetic dyes from textile and tannery effluents. However, the alkaline pH in the effluents causes laccase instability, inactivation, and difficulty in its bioremediation. Based on a Bacillus pumilus ZB1 (BpLac) derived alkaline stable laccase, this study aimed to elucidate its alkaline stable mechanism at molecular level using molecular dynamics simulation. The effects of metal ions, organic solvents, and inhibitors on BpLac activity were assessed. BpLac formed more salt bridges and negatively charged surface in alkaline environment. Thereafter, pH-induced conformation changes were analyzed using GROMACS at pH 5.0 and 10.0. Among the identified residues with high fluctuation, the distance between Pro359 and Thr414 was stable at pH 10.0 but highly variable at pH 5.0. DSSP analysis suggested that BpLac formed more β-sheet and less coil at pH 10.0. Principal component analysis and free energy landscape indicated that irregular coils formed at pH 5.0 benefit for activity, while rigid α-helix and β-sheet structures formed at pH 10.0 contributed to alkaline stability. Breaking the α-helix near T1 copper center would not reduce alkaline stability but could improve dye decolorization by BpLac. Overall, these findings would advance the potential application of bacterial laccase in alkaline effluent treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Bianxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Zhuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Bixin Chen
- Guilin Jingcheng Biotechnology Company Limited, Guilin 541001, PR China
| | - Jianhui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Huanan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Zhengbing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China.
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Elhamdi M, Ghorbel S, Hmidet N. Bacillus Swezeyi B2 Strain: A Novel Alkaliphilic Bacterium Producer of Alkaline-, Thermal, Oxidant-, and Surfactant-Stable Protease, Extremely Efficient in Detergency. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:95. [PMID: 36737528 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-03156-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Proteolytic enzymes that are currently used to meet industrial demand are usually derived from Bacillus species. They find multiple technical applications, particularly they have been increasingly used as a key bio-additive in detergents. In this study, a novel alkalophilic bacterium was isolated from contaminated soil, exhibiting 1400 U/ml proteolytic activity, and identified as Bacillus swezeyi B2. The crude enzyme likely contained a single extracellular protease. This enzyme revealed optimum activity at pH 10 and 70 °C and was highly alkaline thermostable (7-12.5) and up to 70 °C. The protease activity was completely inhibited by Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) suggesting that it belongs to the serine protease group. It was highly stable in the presence of the strong anionic surfactant (SDS) and oxidizing agents (H2O2). The supernatant was lyophilized and showed high storage stability retaining 100% of its original activity after one year of conservation at 4 °C. The lyophilized product was evaluated for its detergent efficacy, it revealed excellent compatibility with various laundry detergents keeping its full original activity after incubation for 1 h with seven solid and liquid commercial detergents and it effectively removed chocolate stains at low washing temperature (40 °C) and low supplementation level (125 U/ml). The features of this single alkaline and thermotolerant protease, stable toward surfactants, oxidizing agents, and commercial detergents with stain removal efficacy support its ideal choice for supplementation in detergent formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Elhamdi
- Enzyme Engineering and Microbiology Laboratory, National Engineering School of Sfax-University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sofiane Ghorbel
- Biology Department, College of Science and Arts at Khulis, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noomen Hmidet
- Enzyme Engineering and Microbiology Laboratory, National Engineering School of Sfax-University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
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Wen Y, Qiang J, Zhou G, Zhang X, Wang L, Shi Y. Characterization of redox and salinity-tolerant alkaline protease from Bacillus halotolerans strain DS5. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:935072. [PMID: 36060753 PMCID: PMC9434114 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.935072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus halotolerans DS5 was isolated and identified as a halophilic microbe according to 16S rRNA analysis and the physical and chemical indices of the strain. A new alkaline protease (designated as prot DS5) from Bacillus halotolerans DS5 was produced, purified, and characterized. After 12 h incubation in the medium with 1% dextrin, 0.5% NaCl, 2% soluble starch, and 1% yeast extract (pH 7.0), it could reach the maximum enzyme activity (279.74 U/ml). The prot DS5 was stable in the pH range of 6.0–12.0 and the temperature range of 40–60°C, with maximal hydrolytic activities at pH 9 and at 50°C. In the presence of Ca2+, Mn2+, Ba2+, Mg2+, and Fe3+, protease activity was enhanced. The prot DS5 was maintained highly stable in NaCl (up to 2.5 mol/L), reducing and oxidizing agents. The prot DS5 also exhibited compatibility in other detergent ingredients, such as non-ionic and anionic surfactants. These properties of prot DS5 make this enzyme suitable for various industrial applications (e.g., detergents and leather).
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Duffeck CE, de Menezes CLA, Boscolo M, da Silva R, Gomes E, da Silva RR. Keratinases from Coriolopsis byrsina as an alternative for feather degradation: applications for cloth cleaning based on commercial detergent compatibility and for the production of collagen hydrolysate. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 42:2403-2412. [PMID: 32642979 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-02963-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Keratinases are proteolytic enzymes that emerge as an alternative for dealing with the disposal of chicken feathers. In this study, we aimed to investigate the keratin-degrading enzymes secreted by the fungus Coriolopsis byrsina and their partial biochemical characterization to adapt their use for keratin decomposition, detergent additive applications, and collagen degradation. RESULTS We observed the secretion of different proteolytic enzymes that possessed caseinolytic activity that peaked at pH 7.0-9.0 and 60-70 °C and at pH 10.5 and 55-60 °C, and keratinolytic activity that reached a maximum at pH 7.0-7.5 and 40-55 ºC and at pH 9.0 and 55 °C. Keratinolytic activity was maintained at approximately 63% of residual activity for 1 h at 50 °C. The caseinolytic activity at pH 10.5 remains stable until 1 h at 50 °C, and this is in contrast to the activity at pH 8.5, where the residual activity was 50%. Caseinolytic activity was inhibited only by PMSF, while keratinolytic activity was inhibited by PMSF and EDTA. When investigating the application of C. byrsina peptidases as an additive to commercial detergent, we observed an egg stain removal performance that was similar to that demonstrated by the commercial detergent. CONCLUSIONS Based on their activity and stability at alkaline pH, these enzymes appear to be attractive candidates for use in the detergent industry. Additionally, the collagenolytic activity of these enzymes potentially allows for their use in a wide array of industrial sectors that require collagenolytic enzymes, such as for the production of collagen hydrolysates from residues derived from the meat industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo Duffeck
- Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas-Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho -São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cíntia Lionela Ambrosio de Menezes
- Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas-Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho -São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maurício Boscolo
- Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas-Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho -São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto da Silva
- Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas-Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho -São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eleni Gomes
- Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas-Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho -São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ronivaldo Rodrigues da Silva
- Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas-Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho -São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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7
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Citrobacter diversus-derived keratinases and their potential application as detergent-compatible cloth-cleaning agents. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:969-977. [PMID: 32291739 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00268-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, poultry farming is one of the sectors that have a significant impact on the global economy. In recent years, there has been an increase in the production of broilers, inflicting this segment of the industry to generate tons of keratin due to huge disposal of chicken feathers. This points to the need to degrade these chicken feathers, as they have emerged as a major threat to the environment. Thus, in this study we aimed to identify keratinases that are produced by the bacterium Citrobacter diversus and further investigate the biochemical characteristics of these keratin-degrading enzymes. In a submerged medium, the bacterium was capable of degrading chicken feathers almost completely after 36 h of fermentation. We found a maximum caseinolytic activity at pH 9-10.5 and 50-55 °C, and keratinolytic activity at pH 8.5-9.5 and 50 °C. Thus, given its stability at higher temperatures, upon incubation of this enzyme extract for 1 h at 50 °C, it showed approximately 50% of the keratinolytic and 100% of the caseinolytic activity. Further, under pH stability for 48 h at 4 °C, the enzyme extract maintained greater residual activity in the pH range 6-8. Caseinolytic activity was inhibited by EDTA and PMSF, whereas the keratinolytic activity was inhibited only by EDTA. Additionally, due to its alkaline activity and detergent compatibility, this enzyme extract could improve washing performance when added to a commercial detergent formulation. Using application tests, we could demonstrate a potential use of this bacterial enzyme extract as an additive in detergents to remove egg stains from cloth.
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8
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Thaz CJ, Jayaraman G. Calcium ion induced thermodynamic stability, bisubstrate specificity, and differential organic solvent tolerance of a predominantly β-sheet serine protease from Bacillus aquimaris VITP4. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2019; 66:955-961. [PMID: 31486109 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to get insights on the role of calcium ions on the thermodynamic stability, substrate specificity, and organic solvent compatibility of the extracellular protease produced by Bacillus aquimaris VITP4. Presence of Ca2+ enhanced the activity of the enzyme in the temperature range of 30-60 °C and increased the half-life from 164 to 234 Min. Circular dichroism experiments indicated that the temperature of half-denaturation (Tm ) of the protease increased from 76 to 86 °C. As judged by fluorescence emission profiles, the overall fold of the enzyme around the tryptophan residues could be similar. Further, thermal inactivation experiments revealed that the enzyme followed first order kinetics, with increase in energy for inactivation (Eai ) by 24.2 ± 1.2 kJ mol -1 in the presence of Ca2+ . Studies with synthetic peptides as well as with bovine serum albumin signified preferential hydrolysis of the peptide bonds at the C-terminus of alanine residues (with a kcat /KM of 141,400 M-1 Sec-1 ) and at the C-terminus of arginine residues with a lower specificity (72,400 M-1 Sec-1 ), indicating bisubstrate specificity of the enzyme. The enzyme was found to be compatible with organic solvents (50%, v/v) such as acetonitrile and butanol, indicating possible application under demanding nonaqueous conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chittoor Jabeena Thaz
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Gurunathan Jayaraman
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
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9
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Abu-Khudir R, Salem MM, Allam NG, Ali EMM. Production, Partial Purification, and Biochemical Characterization of a Thermotolerant Alkaline Metallo-protease from Staphylococcus sciuri. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 189:87-102. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-02983-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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10
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Mokashe N, Chaudhari B, Patil U. Operative utility of salt-stable proteases of halophilic and halotolerant bacteria in the biotechnology sector. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 117:493-522. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
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11
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Waghmode S, Dama L, Hingamire T, Bharti N, Doijad S, Suryavanshi M. Draft genome sequence of a biosurfactant producing, Bacillus aquimaris strain SAMM MCC 3014 isolated from Indian Arabian coastline sea water. J Genomics 2017; 5:124-127. [PMID: 29109799 PMCID: PMC5666515 DOI: 10.7150/jgen.21724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus aquimaris strain SAMM, a biosurfactant producing moderately halophilic marine bacterium was isolated from Indian Arabian coastline sea water. The strain was found to tolerate up to 2.7 M NaCl indicating osmotic stress sustainable physiological systems. We report here the draft genome sequence of B. aquimaris SAMM, as a candidate bacterium for bioactive surfactant producer. The whole genome sequence with 161 scaffolds, 4,414,932 bp and 44.8% of G+C content for SAMM was obtained using Illumina MiSeq sequencing technology. Annotation was added by the PGAP and RAST prokaryotic genome annotation service and shown 4,247 coding sequences, 123 RNAs genes, classified in 453 subsystems. Several genes encoding enzymatic activities against the high molecular weight polysaccharides, osmotic stress response and siderophore synthesis of potential biotechnological importance were identified in the genome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laxmikant Dama
- Department of Zoology, DBF Dayanand College of Arts and Science, Solapur 413002
| | - Tejashri Hingamire
- Biochemical Science Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008
| | - Nidhi Bharti
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007
| | - Swapnil Doijad
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Biomedizinisches Forschungszentrum Seltersberg Schubertstr. 81 Giessen, Germany 35392
| | - Mangesh Suryavanshi
- Microbial Culture Collection, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune 411021
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018
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12
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Mokashe N, Chaudhari B, Patil U. Detergent-Compatible Robust Alkaline Protease from Newly Isolated Halotolerant Salinicoccus sp. UN-12. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11743-017-2024-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Purification, biochemical, and structural characterization of a novel fibrinolytic enzyme from Mucor subtilissimus UCP 1262. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2017; 40:1209-1219. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-017-1781-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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14
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Embaby AM, Saeed H, Hussein A. SHG10 keratinolytic alkaline protease from Bacillus licheniformis SHG10 DSM 28096: Robust stability and unusual non-cumbersome purification. J Basic Microbiol 2016; 56:1317-1330. [PMID: 27334682 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201600073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Present study underlines an unusual non-cumbersome-powerful strategy for purification of SHG10 keratinolytic alkaline protease from Bacillus licheniformis SHG10 DSM 28096 with robust stability properties. The enzyme was impressively purified to homogeneity with specific activity, purification fold, and yield of 613.82 U mg-1 , 58.91 and 99%, respectively, via a sequential two-step purification strategy: precipitation with 65% (NH4 )2 SO4 and flow through fractions of DEAE-cellulose DE 53 column. SDS-PAGE conferred a monomeric enzyme with a molecular mass of 30.4 kDa. The enzyme demonstrated optimal activity at pH (10.0-11.0) and at 65 °C. It exhibited full stability at pH (6.0-11.0) over 38 h at 4 °C and at 65 °C for 15 min. Remarkable enhanced enzyme activity (130.15 and 126.37%) was retained in presence of commercial laundry detergents Oxi and Ariel after 1 h, respectively. Organic solvent stability of the enzyme was verified in butanol, ether, acetonitrile, isopropanol, and chloroform. Imposingly, full storage stability (100%) of the enzyme along 1 year in -20 °C was confirmed. Km -Vmax was 0.00174 mM-534.2 mM Sub · min-1 · mg protein-1 and 1.266 mg-28.89 mg Sub · h-1 · mg protein-1 on N-Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-pNA and keratin azure, respectively. Robust stability properties of SHG10 keratinolytic alkaline protease along with rapid-efficient purification underpin its potential commercialization for industrial exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira M Embaby
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Hesham Saeed
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Hussein
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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15
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Hockensmith K, Dillard K, Sanders B, Harville BA. Identification and characterization of a chymotrypsin-like serine protease from periodontal pathogen, Tannerella forsythia. Microb Pathog 2016; 100:37-42. [PMID: 27594668 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Tannerella forsythia is a bacteria associated with severe periodontal disease. This study reports identification and characterization of a membrane-associated serine protease from T. forsythia. The protease was isolated from T. forsythia membrane fractions and shown to cleave both gelatin and type I collagen. The protease was able to cleave both substrates over a wide range of pH values, however optimal cleavage occurred at pH 7.5 for gelatin and 8.0 for type I collagen. The protease was also shown to cleave both gelatin and type I collagen at the average reported temperature for the gingival sulcus however it showed a lack of thermal stability with a complete loss of activity by 60 °C. When treated with protease inhibitors the enzyme's activity could only be completely inhibited by serine protease inhibitors antipain and phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride (PMSF). Further characterization of the protease utilized serine protease synthetic peptides. The protease cleaved N-succinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe p-nitroanilide but not Nα-benzoyl-dl-arginine p-nitroanilide (BAPNA) or N-methoxysuccinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val p-nitroanilide indicating that the protease is a chymotrypsin-like serine protease. Since type I collagen is a major component in the gingival tissues and periodontal ligament, identification and characterization of this enzyme provides important information regarding the role of T. forsythia in periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hockensmith
- Drury University, 900 N. Benton, Springfield, MO 65802, United States
| | - K Dillard
- Drury University, 900 N. Benton, Springfield, MO 65802, United States
| | - B Sanders
- Drury University, 900 N. Benton, Springfield, MO 65802, United States
| | - B A Harville
- Drury University, 900 N. Benton, Springfield, MO 65802, United States.
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Mageswari A, Subramanian P, Chandrasekaran S, Karthikeyan S, Gothandam KM. Systematic functional analysis and application of a cold-active serine protease from a novel Chryseobacterium sp. Food Chem 2016; 217:18-27. [PMID: 27664603 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Psychrotolerant bacteria isolated from natural and artificially cold environments were screened for synthesis of cold-active protease. The strain IMDY showing the highest protease production at 5°C was selected and phylogenetic analysis revealed that IMDY as novel bacterium with Chryseobacterium soli(T) as its nearest neighbor. Classical optimization enhanced the protease production from 18U/mg to 26U/mg and the enzyme was found to be active at low temperature, activity enhanced by CaCl2, inhibited by PMSF, stable against NaCl, and its activity retained in the presence of surfactants, organic solvents and detergents. On testing, the meat tenderization, myofibril fragmentation, pH, and TBA values were favorable in IMDY-protease treated meat compared to control. SDS profiling and SEM analysis also showed tenderization in meat samples. Hence, this study proposes to consider the cold-active protease from Chryseobacterium sp. IMDY as a pertinent candidate to develop potential applications in food processing industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anbazhagan Mageswari
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Parthiban Subramanian
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology (Metabolic Engineering Division), National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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Draft Whole-Genome Sequence of the Type Strain Bacillus aquimaris TF12T. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2016; 4:4/4/e00640-16. [PMID: 27417832 PMCID: PMC4945792 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00640-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus aquimaris TF12 is a Gram-positive bacteria isolated from a tidal flat of the Yellow Sea in South Korea. We report the draft whole-genome sequence of Bacillus aquimaris TF12, the type strain of a set of bacteria typically associated with marine habitats and with a potentially high biotechnology value.
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Chittoor JT, Balaji L, Jayaraman G. Optimization of Parameters that Affect the Activity of the Alkaline Protease from Halotolerant Bacterium, Bacillus acquimaris VITP4, by the Application of Response Surface Methodology and Evaluation of the Storage Stability of the Enzyme. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 14:23-32. [PMID: 28959314 DOI: 10.15171/ijb.1269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It was previously shown that the activity of a serine protease from a moderately halotolerant Bacillus aquimaris VITP4 strain is active in a wide range of pH and temperatures and could be modulated by the presence of the divalent metal ions. OBJECTIVES In the present study, a quantitative analysis was done in order to explore the parameters that are contributing to the protease activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Changes in the secondary structure of the enzyme was determined by circular dichroism analysis. The conditions for the optimal activity was investigated by Response Surface Methodology. Stability of the enzyme was determined by thermal inactivation experiments. RESULTS The initial one-factor-at-a-time experiments have indicated that the activity of the enzyme could be enhanced not only by the presence of low concentrations of NaCl but also by divalent metal ions, such as Ca2+, Mn2+ and Cu2+. A clear dependence of the activity to the secondary structure of the enzyme could be established using circular dichroism spectroscopy. In the next level of optimization, four factors; viz. pH, temperature, concentration of Ca2+, and Mn2+ were used to optimize the conditions required for the maximal activity of the enzyme by Response Surface Methodology, and the data could be explained using quadratic model. Under optimal condition of 43°C, pH 8.0, 8.2 mM Ca2+, and 4.3 mM Mn2+ a 1.5 times enhancement in the enzyme activity could be achieved. The storage stability of the enzyme under these selected conditions has indicated a non-linear relation between the conditions for the enzymatic activity as well as stability. However, the condition for the maximal stability (267±18 min) has corresponded to that of the optimal conditions for the maximal activity. CONCLUSIONS This study, for the first time, has explored the possibility of using statistical methods for identifying the optimal conditions for alkaline protease activity isolated from the halotolerant Bacillus aquimaris VITP4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jabeena Thaz Chittoor
- Department School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632 014, India
| | - Lavanya Balaji
- Department School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632 014, India
| | - Gurunathan Jayaraman
- Department School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632 014, India
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