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Haeger G, Jolmes T, Oyen S, Jaeger KE, Bongaerts J, Schörken U, Siegert P. Novel recombinant aminoacylase from Paraburkholderia monticola capable of N-acyl-amino acid synthesis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:93. [PMID: 38204129 PMCID: PMC10781821 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12868-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
N-Acyl-amino acids can act as mild biobased surfactants, which are used, e.g., in baby shampoos. However, their chemical synthesis needs acyl chlorides and does not meet sustainability criteria. Thus, the identification of biocatalysts to develop greener synthesis routes is desirable. We describe a novel aminoacylase from Paraburkholderia monticola DSM 100849 (PmAcy) which was identified, cloned, and evaluated for its N-acyl-amino acid synthesis potential. Soluble protein was obtained by expression in lactose autoinduction medium and co-expression of molecular chaperones GroEL/S. Strep-tag affinity purification enriched the enzyme 16-fold and yielded 15 mg pure enzyme from 100 mL of culture. Biochemical characterization revealed that PmAcy possesses beneficial traits for industrial application like high temperature and pH-stability. A heat activation of PmAcy was observed upon incubation at temperatures up to 80 °C. Hydrolytic activity of PmAcy was detected with several N-acyl-amino acids as substrates and exhibited the highest conversion rate of 773 U/mg with N-lauroyl-L-alanine at 75 °C. The enzyme preferred long-chain acyl-amino-acids and displayed hardly any activity with acetyl-amino acids. PmAcy was also capable of N-acyl-amino acid synthesis with good conversion rates. The best synthesis results were obtained with the cationic L-amino acids L-arginine and L-lysine as well as with L-leucine and L-phenylalanine. Exemplarily, L-phenylalanine was acylated with fatty acids of chain lengths from C8 to C18 with conversion rates of up to 75%. N-lauroyl-L-phenylalanine was purified by precipitation, and the structure of the reaction product was verified by LC-MS and NMR. KEY POINTS: • A novel aminoacylase from Paraburkholderia monticola was cloned, expressed in E. coli and purified. • The enzyme PmAcy exhibits exceptional temperature and pH stability and a broad substrate spectrum. • Synthesis of acyl amino acids was achieved in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerrit Haeger
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Tristan Jolmes
- Faculty of Applied Natural Sciences, TH Köln University of Applied Sciences-Leverkusen Campus, Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Sven Oyen
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Karl-Erich Jaeger
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Johannes Bongaerts
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schörken
- Faculty of Applied Natural Sciences, TH Köln University of Applied Sciences-Leverkusen Campus, Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Petra Siegert
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428, Jülich, Germany.
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Haeger G, Probst J, Jaeger K, Bongaerts J, Siegert P. Novel aminoacylases from Streptomyces griseus DSM 40236 and their recombinant production in Streptomyces lividans. FEBS Open Bio 2023; 13:2224-2238. [PMID: 37879963 PMCID: PMC10699109 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Amino acid-based surfactants are valuable compounds for cosmetic formulations. The chemical synthesis of acyl amino acids is conventionally performed by the Schotten-Baumann reaction using fatty acyl chlorides, but aminoacylases have also been investigated for use in biocatalytic synthesis with free fatty acids. Aminoacylases and their properties are diverse; they belong to different peptidase families and show differences in substrate specificity and biocatalytic potential. Bacterial aminoacylases capable of synthesis have been isolated from Burkholderia, Mycolicibacterium, and Streptomyces. Although several proteases and peptidases from S. griseus have been described, no aminoacylases from this species have been identified yet. In this study, we investigated two novel enzymes produced by S. griseus DSM 40236T . We identified and cloned the respective genes and recombinantly expressed an α-aminoacylase (EC3.5.1.14), designated SgAA, and an ε-lysine acylase (EC3.5.1.17), designated SgELA, in S. lividans TK23. The purified aminoacylase SgAA was biochemically characterized, focusing on its hydrolytic activity to determine temperature- and pH optima and stabilities. The aminoacylase could hydrolyze various acetyl amino acids at the Nα -position with a broad specificity regarding the sidechain. Substrates with longer acyl chains, like lauroyl amino acids, were hydrolyzed to a lesser extent. Purified aminoacylase SgELA specific for the hydrolysis of Nε -acetyl-l-lysine was unstable and lost its enzymatic activity upon storage for a longer period but could initially be characterized. The pH optimum of SgELA was pH 8.0. While synthesis of acyl amino acids was not observed with SgELA, SgAA catalyzed the synthesis of lauroyl-methionine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerrit Haeger
- Institute of Nano‐ and BiotechnologiesAachen University of Applied SciencesJülichGermany
| | - Johanna Probst
- Institute of Nano‐ and BiotechnologiesAachen University of Applied SciencesJülichGermany
| | - Karl‐Erich Jaeger
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme TechnologyHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfJülichGermany
- Institute of Bio‐ and Geosciences IBG‐1: BiotechnologyForschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülichGermany
| | - Johannes Bongaerts
- Institute of Nano‐ and BiotechnologiesAachen University of Applied SciencesJülichGermany
| | - Petra Siegert
- Institute of Nano‐ and BiotechnologiesAachen University of Applied SciencesJülichGermany
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Falkenberg F, Kohn S, Bott M, Bongaerts J, Siegert P. Biochemical characterisation of a novel broad pH spectrum subtilisin from Fictibacillus arsenicus DSM 15822 T. FEBS Open Bio 2023; 13:2035-2046. [PMID: 37649135 PMCID: PMC10626276 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Subtilisins from microbial sources, especially from the Bacillaceae family, are of particular interest for biotechnological applications and serve the currently growing enzyme market as efficient and novel biocatalysts. Biotechnological applications include use in detergents, cosmetics, leather processing, wastewater treatment and pharmaceuticals. To identify a possible candidate for the enzyme market, here we cloned the gene of the subtilisin SPFA from Fictibacillus arsenicus DSM 15822T (obtained through a data mining-based search) and expressed it in Bacillus subtilis DB104. After production and purification, the protease showed a molecular mass of 27.57 kDa and a pI of 5.8. SPFA displayed hydrolytic activity at a temperature optimum of 80 °C and a very broad pH optimum between 8.5 and 11.5, with high activity up to pH 12.5. SPFA displayed no NaCl dependence but a high NaCl tolerance, with decreasing activity up to concentrations of 5 m NaCl. The stability enhanced with increasing NaCl concentration. Based on its substrate preference for 10 synthetic peptide 4-nitroanilide substrates with three or four amino acids and its phylogenetic classification, SPFA can be assigned to the subgroup of true subtilisins. Moreover, SPFA exhibited high tolerance to 5% (w/v) SDS and 5% H2 O2 (v/v). The biochemical properties of SPFA, especially its tolerance of remarkably high pH, SDS and H2 O2 , suggest it has potential for biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Falkenberg
- Institute of Nano‐ and BiotechnologiesAachen University of Applied SciencesJülichGermany
| | - Sophie Kohn
- Institute of Nano‐ and BiotechnologiesAachen University of Applied SciencesJülichGermany
| | - Michael Bott
- Institute of Bio‐ and Geosciences, IBG‐1: BiotechnologyForschungszentrum JülichGermany
| | - Johannes Bongaerts
- Institute of Nano‐ and BiotechnologiesAachen University of Applied SciencesJülichGermany
| | - Petra Siegert
- Institute of Nano‐ and BiotechnologiesAachen University of Applied SciencesJülichGermany
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Falkenberg F, Voß L, Bott M, Bongaerts J, Siegert P. New robust subtilisins from halotolerant and halophilic Bacillaceae. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s00253-023-12553-w. [PMID: 37160606 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12553-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was the characterisation of three true subtilisins and one phylogenetically intermediate subtilisin from halotolerant and halophilic microorganisms. Considering the currently growing enzyme market for efficient and novel biocatalysts, data mining is a promising source for novel, as yet uncharacterised enzymes, especially from halophilic or halotolerant Bacillaceae, which offer great potential to meet industrial needs. Both halophilic bacteria Pontibacillus marinus DSM 16465T and Alkalibacillus haloalkaliphilus DSM 5271T and both halotolerant bacteria Metabacillus indicus DSM 16189 and Litchfieldia alkalitelluris DSM 16976T served as a source for the four new subtilisins SPPM, SPAH, SPMI and SPLA. The protease genes were cloned and expressed in Bacillus subtilis DB104. Purification to apparent homogeneity was achieved by ethanol precipitation, desalting and ion-exchange chromatography. Enzyme activity could be observed between pH 5.0-12.0 with an optimum for SPPM, SPMI and SPLA around pH 9.0 and for SPAH at pH 10.0. The optimal temperature for SPMI and SPLA was 70 °C and for SPPM and SPAH 55 °C and 50 °C, respectively. All proteases showed high stability towards 5% (w/v) SDS and were active even at NaCl concentrations of 5 M. The four proteases demonstrate potential for future biotechnological applications. KEY POINTS: • Halophilic and halotolerant Bacillaceae are a valuable source of new subtilisins. • Four new subtilisins were biochemically characterised in detail. • The four proteases show potential for future biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Falkenberg
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Leonie Voß
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Michael Bott
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Johannes Bongaerts
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Petra Siegert
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428, Jülich, Germany.
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Haeger G, Wirges J, Tanzmann N, Oyen S, Jolmes T, Jaeger KE, Schörken U, Bongaerts J, Siegert P. Chaperone assisted recombinant expression of a mycobacterial aminoacylase in Vibrio natriegens and Escherichia coli capable of N-lauroyl-L-amino acid synthesis. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:77. [PMID: 37085846 PMCID: PMC10122368 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02079-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aminoacylases are highly promising enzymes for the green synthesis of acyl-amino acids, potentially replacing the environmentally harmful Schotten-Baumann reaction. Long-chain acyl-amino acids can serve as strong surfactants and emulsifiers, with application in cosmetic industries. Heterologous expression of these enzymes, however, is often hampered, limiting their use in industrial processes. RESULTS We identified a novel mycobacterial aminoacylase gene from Mycolicibacterium smegmatis MKD 8, cloned and expressed it in Escherichia coli and Vibrio natriegens using the T7 overexpression system. The recombinant enzyme was prone to aggregate as inclusion bodies, and while V. natriegens Vmax™ could produce soluble aminoacylase upon induction with isopropyl β-d-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG), E. coli BL21 (DE3) needed autoinduction with lactose to produce soluble recombinant protein. We successfully conducted a chaperone co-expression study in both organisms to further enhance aminoacylase production and found that overexpression of chaperones GroEL/S enhanced aminoacylase activity in the cell-free extract 1.8-fold in V. natriegens and E. coli. Eventually, E. coli ArcticExpress™ (DE3), which co-expresses cold-adapted chaperonins Cpn60/10 from Oleispira antarctica, cultivated at 12 °C, rendered the most suitable expression system for this aminoacylase and exhibited twice the aminoacylase activity in the cell-free extract compared to E. coli BL21 (DE3) with GroEL/S co-expression at 20 °C. The purified aminoacylase was characterized based on hydrolytic activities, being most stable and active at pH 7.0, with a maximum activity at 70 °C, and stability at 40 °C and pH 7.0 for 5 days. The aminoacylase strongly prefers short-chain acyl-amino acids with smaller, hydrophobic amino acid residues. Several long-chain amino acids were fairly accepted in hydrolysis as well, especially N-lauroyl-L-methionine. To initially evaluate the relevance of this aminoacylase for the synthesis of N-acyl-amino acids, we demonstrated that lauroyl-methionine can be synthesized from lauric acid and methionine in an aqueous system. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the recombinant enzyme is well suited for synthesis reactions and will thus be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerrit Haeger
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Jessika Wirges
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Nicole Tanzmann
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Sven Oyen
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Karl-Erich Jaeger
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, 52425, Germany
| | | | - Johannes Bongaerts
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Petra Siegert
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428, Jülich, Germany.
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Falkenberg F, Bott M, Bongaerts J, Siegert P. Phylogenetic survey of the subtilase family and a data-mining-based search for new subtilisins from Bacillaceae. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1017978. [PMID: 36225363 PMCID: PMC9549277 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1017978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The subtilase family (S8), a member of the clan SB of serine proteases are ubiquitous in all kingdoms of life and fulfil different physiological functions. Subtilases are divided in several groups and especially subtilisins are of interest as they are used in various industrial sectors. Therefore, we searched for new subtilisin sequences of the family Bacillaceae using a data mining approach. The obtained 1,400 sequences were phylogenetically classified in the context of the subtilase family. This required an updated comprehensive overview of the different groups within this family. To fill this gap, we conducted a phylogenetic survey of the S8 family with characterised holotypes derived from the MEROPS database. The analysis revealed the presence of eight previously uncharacterised groups and 13 subgroups within the S8 family. The sequences that emerged from the data mining with the set filter parameters were mainly assigned to the subtilisin subgroups of true subtilisins, high-alkaline subtilisins, and phylogenetically intermediate subtilisins and represent an excellent source for new subtilisin candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Falkenberg
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Jülich, Germany
| | - Michael Bott
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Johannes Bongaerts
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Jülich, Germany
| | - Petra Siegert
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Jülich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Petra Siegert,
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Allahham M, Rother D, Spöring JD, Wiesenthal J, Klankermayer J, Pfennig V, Bolm C, Graf von Westrap W, Jupke A, Siegert P. Integration of adaptive syntheses in the sustainable production of biofuels and chiral fine chemicals. CHEM-ING-TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202255053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Allahham
- Forschungszentrum Jülich Institute of Bio- and Geosciences 1 Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße 52428 Jülich Germany
- RWTH Aachen University Aachen Biology and Biotechnology Worringerweg 1 52056 Aachen Germany
| | - D. Rother
- Forschungszentrum Jülich Institute of Bio- and Geosciences 1 Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße 52428 Jülich Germany
- RWTH Aachen University Aachen Biology and Biotechnology Worringerweg 1 52056 Aachen Germany
| | - J.-D. Spöring
- Forschungszentrum Jülich Institute of Bio- and Geosciences 1 Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße 52428 Jülich Germany
- RWTH Aachen University Aachen Biology and Biotechnology Worringerweg 1 52056 Aachen Germany
| | - J. Wiesenthal
- RWTH Aachen University Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry Worringerweg 2 52056 Aachen Germany
| | - J. Klankermayer
- RWTH Aachen University Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry Worringerweg 2 52056 Aachen Germany
| | - V. Pfennig
- RWTH Aachen University Institute of Organic Chemistry Landoltweg 1 52056 Aachen Germany
| | - C. Bolm
- RWTH Aachen University Institute of Organic Chemistry Landoltweg 1 52056 Aachen Germany
| | - W. Graf von Westrap
- RWTH Aachen University Fluid Process Engineering (AVT. FVT) Forckenbeckstraße 51 52056 Aachen Germany
| | - A. Jupke
- RWTH Aachen University Fluid Process Engineering (AVT. FVT) Forckenbeckstraße 51 52056 Aachen Germany
| | - P. Siegert
- University of Applied Sciences Aachen Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB) Heinrich-Mußmann-Str. 1 52428 Jülich Germany
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Haeger G, Bongaerts J, Siegert P. A convenient ninhydrin assay in 96-well format for amino acid-releasing enzymes using an air-stable reagent. Anal Biochem 2022; 654:114819. [PMID: 35839914 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
An improved and convenient ninhydrin assay for aminoacylase activity measurements was developed using the commercial EZ Nin™ reagent. Alternative reagents from literature were also evaluated and compared. The addition of DMSO to the reagent enhanced the solubility of Ruhemann's purple (RP). Furthermore, we found that the use of a basic, aqueous buffer enhances stability of RP. An acidic protocol for the quantification of lysine was developed by addition of glacial acetic acid. The assay allows for parallel processing in a 96-well format with measurements microtiter plates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerrit Haeger
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Johannes Bongaerts
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Petra Siegert
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428, Jülich, Germany.
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Falkenberg F, Rahba J, Fischer D, Bott M, Bongaerts J, Siegert P. Biochemical characterization of a novel oxidatively stable, halotolerant, and high-alkaline subtilisin from Alkalihalobacillus okhensis Kh10-101 T. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:1729-1746. [PMID: 35727859 PMCID: PMC9527586 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Halophilic and halotolerant microorganisms represent a promising source of salt-tolerant enzymes suitable for various biotechnological applications where high salt concentrations would otherwise limit enzymatic activity. Considering the current growing enzyme market and the need for more efficient and new biocatalysts, the present study aimed at the characterization of a high-alkaline subtilisin from Alkalihalobacillus okhensis Kh10-101T . The protease gene was cloned and expressed in Bacillus subtilis DB104. The recombinant protease SPAO with 269 amino acids belongs to the subfamily of high-alkaline subtilisins. The biochemical characteristics of purified SPAO were analyzed in comparison with subtilisin Carlsberg, Savinase, and BPN'. SPAO, a monomer with a molecular mass of 27.1 kDa, was active over a wide range of pH 6.0-12.0 and temperature 20-80 °C, optimally at pH 9.0-9.5 and 55 °C. The protease is highly oxidatively stable to hydrogen peroxide and retained 58% of residual activity when incubated at 10 °C with 5% (v/v) H2 O2 for 1 h while stimulated at 1% (v/v) H2 O2 . Furthermore, SPAO was very stable and active at NaCl concentrations up to 5.0 m. This study demonstrates the potential of SPAO for biotechnological applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Falkenberg
- Institute of Nano‐ and BiotechnologiesAachen University of Applied SciencesJülichGermany
| | - Jade Rahba
- Institute of Nano‐ and BiotechnologiesAachen University of Applied SciencesJülichGermany
| | - David Fischer
- Institute of Nano‐ and BiotechnologiesAachen University of Applied SciencesJülichGermany
| | - Michael Bott
- Institute of Bio‐ and GeosciencesIBG‐1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum JülichGermany
| | - Johannes Bongaerts
- Institute of Nano‐ and BiotechnologiesAachen University of Applied SciencesJülichGermany
| | - Petra Siegert
- Institute of Nano‐ and BiotechnologiesAachen University of Applied SciencesJülichGermany
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10
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Muschallik L, Kipp CR, Recker I, Bongaerts J, Pohl M, Gellissen M, Schöning MJ, Selmer T, Siegert P. Synthesis of α-hydroxy ketones and vicinal diols with the Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13 T butane-2,3-diol dehydrogenase. J Biotechnol 2020; 324:61-70. [PMID: 32976868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The enantioselective synthesis of α-hydroxy ketones and vicinal diols is an intriguing field because of the broad applicability of these molecules. Although, butandiol dehydrogenases are known to play a key role in the production of 2,3-butandiol, their potential as biocatalysts is still not well studied. Here, we investigate the biocatalytic properties of the meso-butanediol dehydrogenase from Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13T (BlBDH). The encoding gene was cloned with an N-terminal StrepII-tag and recombinantly overexpressed in E. coli. BlBDH is highly active towards several non-physiological diketones and α-hydroxyketones with varying aliphatic chain lengths or even containing phenyl moieties. By adjusting the reaction parameters in biotransformations the formation of either the α-hydroxyketone intermediate or the diol can be controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Muschallik
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Carina Ronja Kipp
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Inga Recker
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Johannes Bongaerts
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Martina Pohl
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Melanie Gellissen
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Michael J Schöning
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Thorsten Selmer
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Petra Siegert
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428, Jülich, Germany.
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11
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Jablonski M, Münstermann F, Molinnus D, Muschallik L, Bongaerts J, Wagner T, Keusgen M, Siegert P, Schöning M. Acetoin reductase‐modified field‐effect sensor for the detection of acetoin in beer samples. CHEM-ING-TECH 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202055191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Jablonski
- FH Aachen Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB) Heinrich-Mußmann-Str. 1 52428 Jülich Germany
- Philipps Univerity Marburg Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Wilhelm-Roser-Str. 2 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - F. Münstermann
- FH Aachen Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB) Heinrich-Mußmann-Str. 1 52428 Jülich Germany
| | - D. Molinnus
- FH Aachen Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB) Heinrich-Mußmann-Str. 1 52428 Jülich Germany
| | - L. Muschallik
- FH Aachen Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB) Heinrich-Mußmann-Str. 1 52428 Jülich Germany
| | - J. Bongaerts
- FH Aachen Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB) Heinrich-Mußmann-Str. 1 52428 Jülich Germany
| | - T. Wagner
- FH Aachen Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB) Heinrich-Mußmann-Str. 1 52428 Jülich Germany
| | - M. Keusgen
- Philipps Univerity Marburg Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Wilhelm-Roser-Str. 2 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - P. Siegert
- FH Aachen Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB) Heinrich-Mußmann-Str. 1 52428 Jülich Germany
| | - M. J. Schöning
- FH Aachen Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB) Heinrich-Mußmann-Str. 1 52428 Jülich Germany
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-8) Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße 52425 Jülich Germany
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Muschallik L, Molinnus D, Jablonski M, Kipp CR, Bongaerts J, Pohl M, Wagner T, Schöning MJ, Selmer T, Siegert P. Synthesis of α-hydroxy ketones and vicinal (R,R)-diols by Bacillus clausii DSM 8716T butanediol dehydrogenase. RSC Adv 2020; 10:12206-12216. [PMID: 35497574 PMCID: PMC9050739 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02066d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
α-hydroxy ketones (HK) and 1,2-diols are important building blocks for fine chemical synthesis. Here, we describe the R-selective 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase from B. clausii DSM 8716T (BcBDH) that belongs to the metal-dependent medium chain dehydrogenases/reductases family (MDR) and catalyzes the selective asymmetric reduction of prochiral 1,2-diketones to the corresponding HK and, in some cases, the reduction of the same to the corresponding 1,2-diols. Aliphatic diketones, like 2,3-pentanedione, 2,3-hexanedione, 5-methyl-2,3-hexanedione, 3,4-hexanedione and 2,3-heptanedione are well transformed. In addition, surprisingly alkyl phenyl dicarbonyls, like 2-hydroxy-1-phenylpropan-1-one and phenylglyoxal are accepted, whereas their derivatives with two phenyl groups are not substrates. Supplementation of Mn2+ (1 mM) increases BcBDH's activity in biotransformations. Furthermore, the biocatalytic reduction of 5-methyl-2,3-hexanedione to mainly 5-methyl-3-hydroxy-2-hexanone with only small amounts of 5-methyl-2-hydroxy-3-hexanone within an enzyme membrane reactor is demonstrated. Reduction of symmetric or asymmetric vicinal diketones with BcBDH leads to the synthesis of either α-hydroxyketones or vicinal diols.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Muschallik
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies
- Aachen University of Applied Sciences
- 52428 Jülich
- Germany
| | - Denise Molinnus
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies
- Aachen University of Applied Sciences
- 52428 Jülich
- Germany
| | - Melanie Jablonski
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies
- Aachen University of Applied Sciences
- 52428 Jülich
- Germany
| | - Carina Ronja Kipp
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies
- Aachen University of Applied Sciences
- 52428 Jülich
- Germany
| | - Johannes Bongaerts
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies
- Aachen University of Applied Sciences
- 52428 Jülich
- Germany
| | - Martina Pohl
- IBG-1: Biotechnology
- Forschungszentrum Jülich
- 52425 Jülich
- Germany
| | - Torsten Wagner
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies
- Aachen University of Applied Sciences
- 52428 Jülich
- Germany
| | - Michael J. Schöning
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies
- Aachen University of Applied Sciences
- 52428 Jülich
- Germany
| | - Thorsten Selmer
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies
- Aachen University of Applied Sciences
- 52428 Jülich
- Germany
| | - Petra Siegert
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies
- Aachen University of Applied Sciences
- 52428 Jülich
- Germany
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13
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Muschallik L, Molinnus D, Jablonski M, Kipp C, Bongaerts J, Wagner T, Pohl M, Selmer T, Schöning M, Siegert P. (2 R
,3 R
)-Butan-2,3-diol-Dehydrogenase aus Bacillus clausii
DSM 8716T - Ein vielversprechender Biokatalysator für die Synthese chiraler α
-Hydroxyketone/Diole sowie zur Biosensorentwicklung. CHEM-ING-TECH 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201855322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Muschallik
- FH Aachen; Institut für Nano- und Biotechnologien (INB); Heinrich-Mussmann-Straße 1 52428 Jülich Deutschland
| | - D. Molinnus
- FH Aachen; Institut für Nano- und Biotechnologien (INB); Heinrich-Mussmann-Straße 1 52428 Jülich Deutschland
| | - M. Jablonski
- FH Aachen; Institut für Nano- und Biotechnologien (INB); Heinrich-Mussmann-Straße 1 52428 Jülich Deutschland
| | - C. Kipp
- FH Aachen; Institut für Nano- und Biotechnologien (INB); Heinrich-Mussmann-Straße 1 52428 Jülich Deutschland
| | - J. Bongaerts
- FH Aachen; Institut für Nano- und Biotechnologien (INB); Heinrich-Mussmann-Straße 1 52428 Jülich Deutschland
| | - T. Wagner
- FH Aachen; Institut für Nano- und Biotechnologien (INB); Heinrich-Mussmann-Straße 1 52428 Jülich Deutschland
| | - M. Pohl
- Forschungszentrum Jülich; Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften (IBG-1); Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße 52428 Jülich Deutschland
| | - T. Selmer
- FH Aachen; Institut für Nano- und Biotechnologien (INB); Heinrich-Mussmann-Straße 1 52428 Jülich Deutschland
| | - M. J. Schöning
- FH Aachen; Institut für Nano- und Biotechnologien (INB); Heinrich-Mussmann-Straße 1 52428 Jülich Deutschland
| | - P. Siegert
- FH Aachen; Institut für Nano- und Biotechnologien (INB); Heinrich-Mussmann-Straße 1 52428 Jülich Deutschland
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Hoffstadt K, Decker S, Dahmen M, Kuperjans I, Schwerdtfeger R, Haarmann T, Müller E, Siegert P. Effekte auf den Biogasprozess durch den Einsatz laccasebehandelter ligninhaltiger Abwässer. CHEM-ING-TECH 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201855133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Hoffstadt
- FH Aachen; NOWUM-Energy Institut; Heinrich-Mußmann-Straße 1 52428 Jülich Deutschland
| | - S. Decker
- FH Aachen; NOWUM-Energy Institut; Heinrich-Mußmann-Straße 1 52428 Jülich Deutschland
| | - M. Dahmen
- FH Aachen; NOWUM-Energy Institut; Heinrich-Mußmann-Straße 1 52428 Jülich Deutschland
| | - I. Kuperjans
- FH Aachen; NOWUM-Energy Institut; Heinrich-Mußmann-Straße 1 52428 Jülich Deutschland
| | | | - T. Haarmann
- AB Enzymes GmbH; Feldbergstraße 78 64293 Darmstadt Deutschland
| | - E. Müller
- AB Enzymes GmbH; Feldbergstraße 78 64293 Darmstadt Deutschland
| | - P. Siegert
- FH Aachen; Institut für Nano- und Biotechnologien; Heinrich-Mußmann-Straße 1 52428 Jülich Deutschland
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15
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Molinnus D, Muschallik L, Gonzalez LO, Bongaerts J, Wagner T, Selmer T, Siegert P, Keusgen M, Schöning MJ. Development and characterization of a field-effect biosensor for the detection of acetoin. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 115:1-6. [PMID: 29783080 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A capacitive electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor (EIS) field-effect biosensor for acetoin detection has been presented for the first time. The EIS sensor consists of a layer structure of Al/p-Si/SiO2/Ta2O5/enzyme acetoin reductase. The enzyme, also referred to as butane-2,3-diol dehydrogenase from B. clausii DSM 8716T, has been recently characterized. The enzyme catalyzes the (R)-specific reduction of racemic acetoin to (R,R)- and meso-butane-2,3-diol, respectively. Two different enzyme immobilization strategies (cross-linking by using glutaraldehyde and adsorption) have been studied. Typical biosensor parameters such as optimal pH working range, sensitivity, hysteresis, linear concentration range and long-term stability have been examined by means of constant-capacitance (ConCap) mode measurements. Furthermore, preliminary experiments have been successfully carried out for the detection of acetoin in diluted white wine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Molinnus
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB), FH Aachen, Campus Jülich, Heinrich-Mußmannstr. 1, 52428 Jülich, Germany; Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Wilhelm-Roser-Str. 2, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Muschallik
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB), FH Aachen, Campus Jülich, Heinrich-Mußmannstr. 1, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Laura Osorio Gonzalez
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB), FH Aachen, Campus Jülich, Heinrich-Mußmannstr. 1, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Johannes Bongaerts
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB), FH Aachen, Campus Jülich, Heinrich-Mußmannstr. 1, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Torsten Wagner
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB), FH Aachen, Campus Jülich, Heinrich-Mußmannstr. 1, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Thorsten Selmer
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB), FH Aachen, Campus Jülich, Heinrich-Mußmannstr. 1, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Petra Siegert
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB), FH Aachen, Campus Jülich, Heinrich-Mußmannstr. 1, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Michael Keusgen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Wilhelm-Roser-Str. 2, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael J Schöning
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB), FH Aachen, Campus Jülich, Heinrich-Mußmannstr. 1, 52428 Jülich, Germany; Institute of Complex Systems 8 (ICS-8), Research Center Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str. 6, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
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16
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Molinnus D, Hardt G, Siegert P, Willenberg HS, Poghossian A, Keusgen M, Schöning MJ. Detection of Adrenaline in Blood Plasma as Biomarker for Adrenal Venous Sampling. ELECTROANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denise Molinnus
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB); FH Aachen; Campus Jülich, Heinrich-Mußmannstr. 1 52428 Jülich Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Philipps-University Marburg; Wilhelm-Roser-Str. 2 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Gabriel Hardt
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB); FH Aachen; Campus Jülich, Heinrich-Mußmannstr. 1 52428 Jülich Germany
| | - Petra Siegert
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB); FH Aachen; Campus Jülich, Heinrich-Mußmannstr. 1 52428 Jülich Germany
| | - Holger S. Willenberg
- Devision of Endocrinology and Metabolism; Rostock University Medical Center; Ernst-Heydemann-Str. 6 18057 Rostock Germany
| | - Arshak Poghossian
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB); FH Aachen; Campus Jülich, Heinrich-Mußmannstr. 1 52428 Jülich Germany
- Institute of Complex Systems 8 (ICS-8); Research Center Jülich; Wilhelm-Johnen-Str. 6 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Michael Keusgen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Philipps-University Marburg; Wilhelm-Roser-Str. 2 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Michael J. Schöning
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB); FH Aachen; Campus Jülich, Heinrich-Mußmannstr. 1 52428 Jülich Germany
- Institute of Complex Systems 8 (ICS-8); Research Center Jülich; Wilhelm-Johnen-Str. 6 52425 Jülich Germany
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17
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Muschallik L, Molinnus D, Bongaerts J, Pohl M, Wagner T, Schöning MJ, Siegert P, Selmer T. (R,R)-Butane-2,3-diol dehydrogenase from Bacillus clausii DSM 8716 T: Cloning and expression of the bdhA-gene, and initial characterization of enzyme. J Biotechnol 2017; 258:41-50. [PMID: 28793235 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The gene encoding a putative (R,R)-butane-2,3-diol dehydrogenase (bdhA) from Bacillus clausii DSM 8716T was isolated, sequenced and expressed in Escherichia coli. The amino acid sequence of the encoded protein is only distantly related to previously studied enzymes (identity 33-43%) and exhibited some uncharted peculiarities. An N-terminally StrepII-tagged enzyme variant was purified and initially characterized. The isolated enzyme catalyzed the (R)-specific oxidation of (R,R)- and meso-butane-2,3-diol to (R)- and (S)-acetoin with specific activities of 12U/mg and 23U/mg, respectively. Likewise, racemic acetoin was reduced with a specific activity of up to 115U/mg yielding a mixture of (R,R)- and meso-butane-2,3-diol, while the enzyme reduced butane-2,3-dione (Vmax 74U/mg) solely to (R,R)-butane-2,3-diol via (R)-acetoin. For these reactions only activity with the co-substrates NADH/NAD+ was observed. The enzyme accepted a selection of vicinal diketones, α-hydroxy ketones and vicinal diols as alternative substrates. Although the physiological function of the enzyme in B. clausii remains elusive, the data presented herein clearly demonstrates that the encoded enzyme is a genuine (R,R)-butane-2,3-diol dehydrogenase with potential for applications in biocatalysis and sensor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Muschallik
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Denise Molinnus
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Johannes Bongaerts
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Martina Pohl
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Torsten Wagner
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Michael J Schöning
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Petra Siegert
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Thorsten Selmer
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 52428 Jülich, Germany.
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18
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Siegert P, Ernstbrunner L, Runer A, Neunhäuserer D, Resch H, Moroder P. [Injuries in Freestyle Motocross (FMX): A Retrospective Study]. Sportverletz Sportschaden 2015; 30:106-10. [PMID: 26556789 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-106946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Freestyle Motocross (FMX) is an emerging extreme sport in which motocross riders perform risky jumps and tricks, which are graded by judges for their degree of difficulty, originality, and style. To this date, injury, patterns and causes in Freestyle Motocross have not been determined. METHODS Over the time period from January 2006 to December 2012, 19 professional FMX riders of an internationally active FMX team were retrospectively surveyed by means of a questionnaire and questionnaire-based interviews regarding injuries sustained during training, shows, or competition. The questionnaire collected information regarding injury type, circumstances, causes, and treatment. In addition, general information was obtained on body dimensions, experience, training, and equipment used. RESULTS A total of 54 accidents resulting in 78 severe injuries were registered. The most common types of injuries were fractures (66.6 %), ligament ruptures (7.7 %), and contusions (6.4 %). Most frequently affected body regions were foot/ankle (20.5 %), shoulder (12.8 %), and back (10.3 %). The Backflip was the trick during which most of the injuries occurred (35.2 %). Incorrect execution of jumps (25.9 %) was the leading cause of accidents. CONCLUSION Based on our data, FMX is a high-risk sport. To avoid injuries, ramps, motorcycles, and equipment should be in the best possible shape and the athletes themselves in good physical and mental condition. Attendance of medical staff during FMX activity is advised at all time.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Siegert
- Department of Traumatology and Sports Injuries, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Austria
| | - L Ernstbrunner
- Department of Traumatology and Sports Injuries, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Austria
| | - A Runer
- Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - D Neunhäuserer
- Department of Sports Medicine, Prevention and Rehabilitation, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - H Resch
- Department of Traumatology and Sports Injuries, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Austria
| | - P Moroder
- Department of Traumatology and Sports Injuries, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Austria
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Ley S, Brahma A, Musio B, Ismayilova U, Nikbin N, Kamptmann S, Siegert P, Jeromin G, Pohl M. An Orthogonal Biocatalytic Approach for the Safe Generation and Use of HCN in a Multistep Continuous Preparation of Chiral O-Acetylcyanohydrins. Synlett 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1560644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Ley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge
| | | | | | - Uliviya Ismayilova
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB), Aachen University of Applied Sciences
| | | | | | - Petra Siegert
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB), Aachen University of Applied Sciences
| | - Günter Jeromin
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB), Aachen University of Applied Sciences
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20
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Molinnus D, Bartz A, Bäcker M, Siegert P, Willenberg H, Poghossian A, Keusgen M, Schöning M. Detection of Adrenaline Based on Substrate Recycling Amplification. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.08.708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Martinez R, Jakob F, Tu R, Siegert P, Maurer KH, Schwaneberg U. Increasing activity and thermal resistance ofBacillus gibsoniialkaline protease (BgAP) by directed evolution. Biotechnol Bioeng 2012; 110:711-20. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.24766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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22
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Ribitsch D, Heumann S, Karl W, Gerlach J, Leber R, Birner-Gruenberger R, Gruber K, Eiteljoerg I, Remler P, Siegert P, Lange J, Maurer K, Berg G, Guebitz G, Schwab H. Extracellular serine proteases from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: Screening, isolation and heterologous expression in E. coli. J Biotechnol 2012; 157:140-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2011.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Revised: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Niehaus F, Gabor E, Wieland S, Siegert P, Maurer KH, Eck J. Enzymes for the laundry industries: tapping the vast metagenomic pool of alkaline proteases. Microb Biotechnol 2011; 4:767-76. [PMID: 21895993 PMCID: PMC3815412 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7915.2011.00279.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the wide field of laundry and cleaning applications, there is an unbroken need for novel detergent proteases excelling in high stability and activity and a suitable substrate range. We demonstrated the large amount of highly diverse subtilase sequences present in metagenomic DNA by recovering 57 non-redundant subtilase sequence tags with degenerate primers. Furthermore, an activity- as well as a sequence homology-based screening of metagenomic DNA libraries was carried out, using alkaline soil and habitat enrichments as a source of DNA. In this way, 18 diverse full-length protease genes were recovered, sharing only 37-85% of their amino acid residues with already known protease genes. Active clones were biochemically characterized and subjected to a laundry application assay, leading to the identification of three promising detergent proteases. According to sequence similarity, two proteases (HP53 and HP70) can be classified as subtilases, while the third enzyme (HP23) belongs to chymotrypsin-like S1 serine proteases, a class of enzymes that has not yet been described for the use in laundry and cleaning applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Niehaus
- Biotechnology Research and Information Network, Darmstädter Straße 34-36, D-64673 Zwingenberg, Germany.
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Ribitsch D, Heumann S, Trotscha E, Herrero Acero E, Greimel K, Leber R, Birner-Gruenberger R, Deller S, Eiteljoerg I, Remler P, Weber T, Siegert P, Maurer KH, Donelli I, Freddi G, Schwab H, Guebitz GM. Hydrolysis of polyethyleneterephthalate by p-nitrobenzylesterase from Bacillus subtilis. Biotechnol Prog 2011; 27:951-60. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Revised: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Drevs J, Medinger M, Mross K, Zirrgiebel U, Strecker R, Unger C, Puchalski TA, Fernandes N, Roberston J, Siegert P. Phase I clinical evaluation of AZD2171, a highly potent VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in patients with advanced tumors. J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.3002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. Drevs
- Albert Ludwigs Univ, Freiburg, Germany; ProQinase GmbH, Freiburg, Germany; AstraZeneca, Wilmington, DE; AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, United Kingdom
| | - M. Medinger
- Albert Ludwigs Univ, Freiburg, Germany; ProQinase GmbH, Freiburg, Germany; AstraZeneca, Wilmington, DE; AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, United Kingdom
| | - K. Mross
- Albert Ludwigs Univ, Freiburg, Germany; ProQinase GmbH, Freiburg, Germany; AstraZeneca, Wilmington, DE; AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, United Kingdom
| | - U. Zirrgiebel
- Albert Ludwigs Univ, Freiburg, Germany; ProQinase GmbH, Freiburg, Germany; AstraZeneca, Wilmington, DE; AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, United Kingdom
| | - R. Strecker
- Albert Ludwigs Univ, Freiburg, Germany; ProQinase GmbH, Freiburg, Germany; AstraZeneca, Wilmington, DE; AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, United Kingdom
| | - C. Unger
- Albert Ludwigs Univ, Freiburg, Germany; ProQinase GmbH, Freiburg, Germany; AstraZeneca, Wilmington, DE; AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, United Kingdom
| | - T. A. Puchalski
- Albert Ludwigs Univ, Freiburg, Germany; ProQinase GmbH, Freiburg, Germany; AstraZeneca, Wilmington, DE; AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, United Kingdom
| | - N. Fernandes
- Albert Ludwigs Univ, Freiburg, Germany; ProQinase GmbH, Freiburg, Germany; AstraZeneca, Wilmington, DE; AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, United Kingdom
| | - J. Roberston
- Albert Ludwigs Univ, Freiburg, Germany; ProQinase GmbH, Freiburg, Germany; AstraZeneca, Wilmington, DE; AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, United Kingdom
| | - P. Siegert
- Albert Ludwigs Univ, Freiburg, Germany; ProQinase GmbH, Freiburg, Germany; AstraZeneca, Wilmington, DE; AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, United Kingdom
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Siegert P, McLeish MJ, Baumann M, Iding H, Kneen MM, Kenyon GL, Pohl M. Exchanging the substrate specificities of pyruvate decarboxylase from Zymomonas mobilis and benzoylformate decarboxylase from Pseudomonas putida. Protein Eng Des Sel 2005; 18:345-57. [PMID: 15930043 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzi035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate decarboxylase from Zymomonas mobilis (PDC) and benzoylformate decarboxylase from Pseudomonas putida (BFD) are thiamine diphosphate-dependent enzymes that decarboxylate 2-keto acids. Although they share a common homotetrameric structure they have relatively low sequence similarity and different substrate spectra. PDC prefers short aliphatic substrates whereas BFD favours aromatic 2-keto acids. These preferences are also reflected in their carboligation reactions. PDC catalyses the conversion of benzaldehyde and acetaldehyde to (R)-phenylacetylcarbinol and predominantly (S)-acetoin, whereas (R)-benzoin and mainly (S)-2-hydroxypropiophenone are the products of BFD catalysis. Comparison of the X-ray structures of both enzymes identified two residues in each that were likely to be involved in determining substrate specificity. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to interchange these residues in both BFD and PDC. The substrate range and kinetic parameters for the decarboxylation reaction were studied for each variant. The most successful variants, PDCI472A and BFDA460I, catalysed the decarboxylation of benzoylformate and pyruvate, respectively, although both variants now preferred the long-chain aliphatic substrates, 2-ketopentanoic and 2-ketohexanoic acid. With respect to the carboligase activity, PDCI472A proved to be a real chimera between PDC and BFD whereas BFDA460I/F464I provided the most interesting result with an almost complete reversal of the stereochemistry of its 2-hydroxypropiophenone product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Siegert
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine University of Düsseldorf, Research Centre Jülich, D-52426 Jülich, Germany
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Dünkelmann P, Kolter-Jung D, Nitsche A, Demir AS, Siegert P, Lingen B, Baumann M, Pohl M, Müller M. Development of a donor-acceptor concept for enzymatic cross-coupling reactions of aldehydes: the first asymmetric cross-benzoin condensation. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:12084-5. [PMID: 12371834 DOI: 10.1021/ja0271476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Highly enantioenriched mixed benzoins are obtained selectively through a biocatalytical cross-coupling reaction of aromatic aldehydes using ThDP-dependent enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Dünkelmann
- Institute of Biotechnology 2, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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29
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Dünnwald T, Demir A, Siegert P, Pohl M, Müller M. Enantioselective Synthesis of (S)-2-Hydroxypropanone Derivatives by Benzoylformate Decarboxylase Catalyzed C−C Bond Formation. European J Org Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1099-0690(200006)2000:11<2161::aid-ejoc2161>3.0.co;2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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30
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Iding H, Dünnwald T, Greiner L, Liese A, Müller M, Siegert P, Grötzinger J, Demir AS, Pohl M. Benzoylformate decarboxylase from Pseudomonas putida as stable catalyst for the synthesis of chiral 2-hydroxy ketones. Chemistry 2000; 6:1483-95. [PMID: 10840971 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-3765(20000417)6:8<1483::aid-chem1483>3.0.co;2-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The thiamin diphosphate- and Mg2+-dependent enzyme benzoylformate decarboxylase (BFD) from Pseudomonas putida was characterized with respect to its suitability to catalyze the formation of chiral 2-hydroxy ketones in a benzoin-condensation type reaction. Carboligation constitutes a side reaction of BFD, whereas the predominant physiological task of the enzyme is the non-oxidative decarboxylation of benzoylformate. For this purpose the enzyme was obtained in sufficient purity from Pseudomonas putida cells in a one-step purification using anion-exchange chromatography. To facilitate the access to pure BFD for kinetical studies, stability investigations, and synthetical applications, the coding gene was cloned into a vector allowing the expression of a hexahistidine fusion protein. The recombinant enzyme shows distinct activity maxima for the decarboxylation and the carboligation beside a pronounced stability in a broad pH and temperature range. The enzyme accepts a wide range of donor aldehyde substrates which are ligated to acetaldehyde as an acceptor in mostly high optical purities. The enantioselectivity of the carboligation was found to be a function of the reaction temperature, the substitution pattern of the donor aldehyde and, most significantly, of the concentration of the donor aldehyde substrate. Our data are consistent with a mechanistical model based on the X-ray crystallographic data of BFD. Furthermore we present a simple way to increase the enantiomeric excess of (S)-2-hydroxy-1-phenyl-propanone from 90% to 95% by skillful choice of the reaction parameters. Enzymatic synthesis with BFD are performed best in a continuously operated enzyme membrane reactor. Thus, we have established a new enzyme tool comprising a vast applicability for stereoselective synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Iding
- Institut für Enzymtechnologie, Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf im Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
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Pohl M, Siegert P, Mesch K, Bruhn H, Grötzinger J. Active site mutants of pyruvate decarboxylase from Zymomonas mobilis--a site-directed mutagenesis study of L112, I472, I476, E473, and N482. Eur J Biochem 1998; 257:538-46. [PMID: 9839941 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.1998.2570538.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The homotetrameric pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) from Zymomonas mobilis requires the cofactors thiamin diphosphate and Mg2+ for catalytic activity. We have investigated the role of various amino acid residues in the direct environment of the active site. The role of residue E473 in the catalytic activity and stability of the enzyme was probed by several mutations. All mutant enzymes were either inactive or failed to give any recombinant protein. The close interaction of E473 and N482, which can be deduced from the X-ray structure, has been probed by mutagenesis of N482 to D. This mutation has a significant influence especially on the carboligation reaction of PDC, whereas the binding of the cofactors and the thermostability were not affected. These data suggest a specific interaction of N482 and EA73 which is essential for coordinating the second aldehyde molecule during carboligation. Three hydrophobic residues (L112, I472 and I476) in the vicinity of the active centre have been investigated with respect to their potential influence on the transition states during catalysis. In contrast to L112, I472 and I476 influence the decarboxylation and carboligation reactions. The enlarged substrate-binding site of PDCI472A allows the decarboxylation of longer aliphatic 2-keto acids (C4-C6) as well as aromatic 2-keto acids besides pyruvate. Carboligations using PDCI472A as a catalyst yielded 2-hydroxypropiophenone, benzoin and phenylacetylcarbinol. The enantioselectivity of PAC formation is impaired by mutations of both I472 and I476. The stereochemistry is most significantly affected with the mutant enzyme PDCI476E, which catalyses predominantly the synthesis of (S)-phenylacetylcarbinol.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pohl
- Institut für Enzymtechnologie der Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany
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Abstract
The advantages of using enzymes in the synthesis of organic compounds relate to their versatility, high reaction rates, and regio- and stereospecificity and the relatively mild reaction conditions involved. Stereospecificity is especially important in the synthesis of bioactive molecules, as only one of the enantiomeric forms usually manifests bioactivity, whereas the other is often toxic. Although enzymes which catalyze asymmetric carbon-carbon bond formation are of great importance in bioorganic chemistry, only a few examples are known for thiamin diphosphate (ThDP)-dependent enzymes, whereas transformations using e.g. aldolases, lipases and lyases are well documented already. The present review surveys recent work on the application of pyruvate decarboxylase and benzoylformate decarboxylase in organic synthesis. These enzymes catalyze the synthesis of chiral alpha-hydroxy ketones which are versatile building blocks for organic and pharmaceutical chemistry. Besides the substrate spectra of both enzymes amino acid residues relevant for substrate specificity and enantioselectivity of pyruvate decarboxylase have been investigated by site-directed mutagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Iding
- Institut für Enzymtechnologie der Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf, im Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52426 Jülich, Germany
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Friedberg T, Grassow MA, Bartlomowicz-Oesch B, Siegert P, Arand M, Adesnik M, Oesch F. Sequence of a novel cytochrome CYP2B cDNA coding for a protein which is expressed in a sebaceous gland, but not in the liver. Biochem J 1992; 287 ( Pt 3):775-83. [PMID: 1445240 PMCID: PMC1133075 DOI: 10.1042/bj2870775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The major phenobarbital-inducible rat hepatic cytochromes P-450, CYP2B1 and CYP2B2, are the paradigmatic members of a cytochrome P-450 gene subfamily that contains at least seven additional members. Specific oligonucleotide probes for these genomic members of the CYP2B subfamily were used to assess their tissue-specific expression. In Northern-blot analysis a probe specific to gene 4 (which is designated now as CYP2B12) hybridized to a single mRNA present in the preputial gland, an organ which is used as a model for sebaceous glands, but did not hybridize to mRNA isolated from the liver or from five other tissues of untreated or Aroclor 1254-treated rats. The cDNA sequence for the CYP2B12 RNA was determined from overlapping cDNA clones and contained a long open reading frame of 1476 bp. The nucleotide sequence of the CYP2B12 cDNA was 85% similar to the sequence of the CYP2B1 cDNA in its coding region and was different from any CYP2B cDNA characterized until now. The cDNA-derived primary structure of the CYP2B12 protein contains a signal sequence for its insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum and the putative haem-binding site characteristic of cytochromes P-450. A part of the potential haem pocket of CYP2B12 was identical with a similar structure in a bacterial protocatechuate dioxygenase. In immunoblot analysis of preputial-gland microsomes, antibodies against CYP2B1 recognized a single abundant protein with a lower apparent molecular mass than that of CYP2B1. Our results demonstrate that the CYP2B12 protein has the potential to be enzymically active and are the first demonstration that a member of the CYP2B subfamily is expressed exclusively and at high levels in an extrahepatic organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Friedberg
- Institute of Toxicology, University of Mainz, Germany
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Friedberg T, Siegert P, Grassow MA, Bartlomowicz B, Oesch F. Studies of the expression of the cytochrome P450IA, P450IIB, and P450IIC gene family in extrahepatic and hepatic tissues. Environ Health Perspect 1990; 88:67-70. [PMID: 2272336 PMCID: PMC1567988 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.908867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the expression of three P-450 gene subfamilies in hepatic and extrahepatic tissues using the sensitive RNAse A protection assay. Members of the P450IA subfamily, which encodes the major methylcholanthrene-inducible cytochromes P-450, were found to be not expressed in extrahepatic tissues of untreated animals, raising the question whether these P-450 play a role in the metabolism of carcinogens in unexposed individuals. In contrast, members of the P450IIB family, some of which encode the major phenobarbital-inducible cytochromes P-450, were found to be expressed in some extrahepatic tissues of untreated rats and here most notably in the lung and in sebaceous glands. Members of the P450IIC family, which encode some constitutively expressed cytochromes P-450, were found to be expressed exclusively in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Friedberg
- Institute of Toxicology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Federal Republic of Germany
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35
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Dogra S, Doehmer J, Glatt H, Mölders H, Siegert P, Friedberg T, Seidel A, Oesch F. Stable expression of rat cytochrome P-450IA1 cDNA in V79 Chinese hamster cells and their use in mutagenicity testing. Mol Pharmacol 1990; 37:608-13. [PMID: 1692605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
V79 Chinese hamster cells genetically engineered to express cytochrome P-450IA1 are reported. A full length cDNA encoding rat cytochrome P-450IA1 was obtained from a cDNA library prepared from rat liver mRNA. The cDNA was recombined with the SV40 early promoter and expressed in V79 cells. Three V79-derived P-450IA1-expressing cell lines (XEM1, XEM2, and XEM3) were established. The presence of the rat cytochrome P-450IA1 cDNA in these hamster cells was confirmed by Southern blotting. The transcription of the cDNA into mRNA and translation into the desired cytochrome P-450 protein was detected by Northern and Western blotting. The enzymatic activity was determined by the cytochrome P-450IA1-dependent oxidation of benzo[a]pyrene and 7-ethoxycoumarin. After exposure to benzo[a]pyrene, the mutant frequency increased in XEM1 and XEM2 cells and was higher than in V79 cells in the presence of an exogenous activating system. The mutant frequency was even more increased when XEM1 and XEM2 cells were exposed to the proximate mutagen (trans)-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydro-benzo[a]pyrene.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dogra
- Institut für Toxikologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Federal Republic of Germany
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36
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Doehmer J, Dogra S, Edigkaufer M, Molitor E, Siegert P, Friedberg T, Glatt H, Platt K, Seidel A, Thomas H. Introduction of cytochrome P-450 genes into V79 Chinese hamster cells to generate new mutagenicity test systems. Arch Toxicol Suppl 1989; 13:164-8. [PMID: 2673143 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-74117-3_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Doehmer
- Institut für Toxikologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, FRG
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Siegert P, Utermann D, Pohlenz O. [Herpes zoster-exophthalmus without ophthalmoplegia (author's transl)]. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 1979; 174:595-8. [PMID: 313475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A case of exophthalmic myositis was identified by a secondary herpes zoster exacerbation. The herpes zoster exophthalmus in this case remained - in contrast to all other cases so far published - free of signs of ophthalmoplegia and retrobulbar neuritis with visual acuity loss.
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Siegert P. Sehnervenerkrankungen nach Diphtherieschutzimpfung. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1949. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1118506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Siegert P. Therapeutische Erfahrungen bei Methylalkoholerblindung 1. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1949. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1118322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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