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Osaki S, Saito M, Nagai H, Tamiya E. Surface Modification of Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode through Oxygen Plasma to Enhance Biosensor Sensitivity. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:165. [PMID: 38667159 PMCID: PMC11048330 DOI: 10.3390/bios14040165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) is a useful technology that has been widely used in the practical application of biosensors oriented to point-of-care testing (POCT) due to its characteristics of cost-effectiveness, disposability, miniaturization, wide potential window, and simple electrode design. Compared with gold or platinum electrodes, surface modification is difficult because the carbon surface is chemically or physically stable. Oxygen plasma (O2) can easily produce carboxyl groups on the carbon surface, which act as scaffolds for covalent bonds. However, the effect of O2-plasma treatment on electrode performance remains to be investigated from an electrochemical perspective, and sensor performance can be improved by clarifying the surface conditions of plasma-treated biosensors. In this research, we compared antibody modification by plasma treatment and physical adsorption, using our novel immunosensor based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Consequently, the O2-plasma treatment produced carboxyl groups on the electrode surface that changed the electrochemical properties owing to electrostatic interactions. In this study, we compared the following four cases of SPCE modification: O2-plasma-treated electrode/covalent-bonded antibody (a); O2-plasma-treated electrode/physical adsorbed antibody (b); bare electrode/covalent-bonded antibody (c); and bare electrode/physical absorbed antibody (d). The limits of detection (LOD) were 0.50 ng/mL (a), 9.7 ng/mL (b), 0.54 ng/mL (c), and 1.2 ng/mL (d). The slopes of the linear response range were 0.039, 0.029, 0.014, and 0.022. The LOD of (a) was 2.4 times higher than the conventional condition (d), The slope of (a) showed higher sensitivity than other cases (b~d). This is because the plasma treatment generated many carboxyl groups and increased the number of antibody adsorption sites. In summary, the O2-plasma treatment was found to modify the electrode surface conditions and improve the amount of antibody modifications. In the future, O2-plasma treatment could be used as a simple method for modifying various molecular recognition elements on printed carbon electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuto Osaki
- AIST-Osaka University Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Photonics Center, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan (H.N.)
| | - Masato Saito
- AIST-Osaka University Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Photonics Center, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan (H.N.)
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidenori Nagai
- AIST-Osaka University Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Photonics Center, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan (H.N.)
| | - Eiichi Tamiya
- AIST-Osaka University Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Photonics Center, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan (H.N.)
- SANKEN-The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki 567-0047, Osaka, Japan
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2
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Saadati A, Baghban HN, Hasanzadeh M, Shadjou N. An innovative transportable immune device for the recognition of α-synuclein using KCC-1- nPr-CS 2 modified silver nano-ink: integration of pen-on-paper technology with biosensing toward early-stage diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. RSC Adv 2024; 14:8810-8818. [PMID: 38495975 PMCID: PMC10941091 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07058a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most frequent neurodegenerative illness, is a neurological ailment that produces unintentional or uncontrolled body movements, which should be diagnosed in its early stages to hinder the progression. Monitoring the concentration of α-synuclein (α-Syn) in body fluids can be one of the most efficient ways for PD early detection. In this work, a paper-based electrochemical immunosensor was designed for α-Syn bio-assay in human plasma samples based on encapsulation of the biotinylated antibody on novel dendritic fibrous nanosilica ((KCC-1-nPr-CS2)-Ab). For this purpose, a three-electrode system was prepared using stabilization of silver nano-ink on photographic paper. Then, the (KCC-1-NH-CS2)-Ab was immobilized on its surface and used to detect the target antigen (α-Syn). After characterization of the prepared substrate by FE-SEM and EDS, the redox behavior of the biosensor was evaluated using chronoamperometry techniques. Under optimal experimental conditions and using a label-free strategy, the engineered immunosensor showed a linear relationship between peak current and antigen concentration in the linear range from 0.002 to 128 ng mL-1 with the lower limit of quantification of 0.002 ng mL-1. Moreover, this work involves unprecedented use of conductive nano-inks for the manufacture of α-Syn immunosensor, which is aided by the use of a mesoporous silicate dendrimer in encapsulating the α-Syn antibody, thus offering a robust and simple point-of-care device for early PD diagnosis. The ability of the proposed platform to detect small amounts of α-Syn offers a promising approach to developing low-cost, sensitive, and transportable biosensors for Parkinson's disease screening in its early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Saadati
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Hossein Navay Baghban
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasanzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz 51664 Iran
| | - Nasrin Shadjou
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty Chemistry, Urmia University Urmia Iran
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Kagawa M, Morioka K, Osashima M, Hemmi A, Yamamoto S, Shoji A, Uchiyama K, Nakajima H. Development of small-sized fluorescence detector for pipette tip-based biosensor for on-site diagnosis. Talanta 2023; 256:124311. [PMID: 36738624 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A small-sized fluorescence detector (referred to as a pipette tip [PT]-reader) was developed for a pipette tip-based biosensor. The PT-reader allows us to measure the fluorescence intensity of a solution in a truncated cone-shaped pipette tip with only the tip inserted into the PT-reader. A pipette holder made from a mixture of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and carbon black was capable of the rigorous position arrangement of a truncated cone shaped-pipette tip and the prevention of stray light. The detection performance of the PT-reader was evaluated by measurement of resorufin. The limit of detection (LOD; 3σ) and the relative standard deviation (RSD, n = 4) were estimated to be 0.46 μM and 0.47-4.1%, respectively. This performance was comparable to that of a desktop-type fluorescence microplate reader. In addition, the PT-reader was applied to the quantification of immunoglobulin A (IgA), and the LOD (3σ) of IgA was estimated to be 1.0 ng/mL. The quantitation values of IgA in human saliva obtained by the PT-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (PT-ELISA) were in agreement with those obtained by conventional ELISA. The PT-reader is expected to be useful for low-cost and user-friendly measurements, and the technique of device development proposed in this study will contribute to the progress of on-site medical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Kagawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Morioka
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan.
| | - Moeko Osashima
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Akihide Hemmi
- Mebius Advanced Technology Ltd., 3-31-6 Nishiogi-kita, Suginami-ku, Tokyo, 167-0042, Japan
| | - Shoji Yamamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shoji
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Katsumi Uchiyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Hizuru Nakajima
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan.
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Dong T, Matos Pires NM, Yang Z, Jiang Z. Advances in Electrochemical Biosensors Based on Nanomaterials for Protein Biomarker Detection in Saliva. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205429. [PMID: 36585368 PMCID: PMC9951322 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The focus on precise medicine enhances the need for timely diagnosis and frequent monitoring of chronic diseases. Moreover, the recent pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 poses a great demand for rapid detection and surveillance of viral infections. The detection of protein biomarkers and antigens in the saliva allows rapid identification of diseases or disease changes in scenarios where and when the test response at the point of care is mandated. While traditional methods of protein testing fail to provide the desired fast results, electrochemical biosensors based on nanomaterials hold perfect characteristics for the detection of biomarkers in point-of-care settings. The recent advances in electrochemical sensors for salivary protein detection are critically reviewed in this work, with emphasis on the role of nanomaterials to boost the biosensor analytical performance and increase the reliability of the test in human saliva samples. Furthermore, this work identifies the critical factors for further modernization of the nanomaterial-based electrochemical sensors, envisaging the development and implementation of next-generation sample-in-answer-out systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Dong
- Department of Microsystems‐ IMSFaculty of TechnologyNatural Sciences and Maritime SciencesUniversity of South‐Eastern Norway‐USNP.O. Box 235Kongsberg3603Norway
| | - Nuno Miguel Matos Pires
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro‐Nano Systems and Intelligent TransductionCollaborative Innovation Center on Micro‐Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco‐Internet of ThingsChongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro‐Nano Systems Technology and Smart TransducingNational Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing ServiceChongqing Technology and Business UniversityNan'an DistrictChongqing400067China
| | - Zhaochu Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro‐Nano Systems and Intelligent TransductionCollaborative Innovation Center on Micro‐Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco‐Internet of ThingsChongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro‐Nano Systems Technology and Smart TransducingNational Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing ServiceChongqing Technology and Business UniversityNan'an DistrictChongqing400067China
| | - Zhuangde Jiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro‐Nano Systems and Intelligent TransductionCollaborative Innovation Center on Micro‐Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco‐Internet of ThingsChongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro‐Nano Systems Technology and Smart TransducingNational Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing ServiceChongqing Technology and Business UniversityNan'an DistrictChongqing400067China
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems EngineeringInternational Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China
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Tamiya E, Osaki S, Tsuchihashi T, Ushijima H, Tsukinoki K. Point-of-Care Diagnostic Biosensors to Monitor Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing IgG/sIgA Antibodies and Antioxidant Activity in Saliva. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:167. [PMID: 36831933 PMCID: PMC9953869 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring biomarkers is a great way to assess daily physical condition, and using saliva instead of blood samples is more advantageous as the process is simple and allows individuals to test themselves. In the present study, we analyzed the titers of neutralizing antibodies, IgG and secretory IgA (sIgA), in response to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, in saliva. A total of 19 saliva and serum samples were collected over a 10-month period 3 weeks after the first vaccine, 8 months after the second vaccine, and 1 month after the third vaccine. The ranges of antibody concentrations post-vaccination were: serum IgG: 81-15,000 U/mL, salivary IgG: 3.4-330 U/mL, and salivary IgA: 58-870 ng/mL. A sharp increase in salivary IgG levels was observed after the second vaccination. sIgA levels also showed an increasing trend. A correlation with trends in serum IgG levels was observed, indicating the possibility of using saliva to routinely assess vaccine efficacy. The electrochemical immunosensor assay developed in this study based on the gold-linked electrochemical immunoassay, and the antioxidant activity measurement based on luminol electrochemiluminescence (ECL), can be performed using portable devices, which would prove useful for individual-based diagnosis using saliva samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Tamiya
- Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Photonics Center, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
- SANKEN, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki 567-0047, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuto Osaki
- Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Photonics Center, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Hiromi Ushijima
- BioDevice Technology Ltd., 2-3 Asahidai, Nomi 923-1211, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Keiichi Tsukinoki
- Department of Environmental Pathology, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka 238-0003, Kanagawa, Japan
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Osaki S, Espulgar WV, Wakida SI, Saito M, Tamiya E. Optimization of electrochemical analysis for signal amplification in gold nanoparticle-probed immunoassays. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Patella B, Moukri N, Regalbuto G, Cipollina C, Pace E, Di Vincenzo S, Aiello G, O’Riordan A, Inguanta R. Electrochemical Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanostructures on Flexible Substrate and Application as an Electrochemical Immunoglobulin-G Immunosensor. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:713. [PMID: 35160668 PMCID: PMC8837124 DOI: 10.3390/ma15030713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG), a type of antibody, represents approximately 75% of serum antibodies in humans, and is the most common type of antibody found in blood circulation. Consequently, the development of simple, fast and reliable systems for IgG detection, which can be achieved using electrochemical sandwich-type immunosensors, is of considerable interest. In this study we have developed an immunosensor for human (H)-IgG using an inexpensive and very simple fabrication method based on ZnO nanorods (NRs) obtained through the electrodeposition of ZnO. The ZnO NRs were treated by electrodepositing a layer of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) to ensure an easy immobilization of the antibodies. On Indium Tin Oxide supported on Polyethylene Terephthalate/ZnO NRs/rGO substrate, the sandwich configuration of the immunosensor was built through different incubation steps, which were all optimized. The immunosensor is electrochemically active thanks to the presence of gold nanoparticles tagging the secondary antibody. The immunosensor was used to measure the current density of the hydrogen development reaction which is indirectly linked to the concentration of H-IgG. In this way the calibration curve was constructed obtaining a logarithmic linear range of 10-1000 ng/mL with a detection limit of few ng/mL and good sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Patella
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (B.P.); (N.M.); (G.R.); (G.A.)
| | - Nadia Moukri
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (B.P.); (N.M.); (G.R.); (G.A.)
| | - Gaia Regalbuto
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (B.P.); (N.M.); (G.R.); (G.A.)
| | - Chiara Cipollina
- Fondazione Ri.MED, 90133 Palermo, Italy;
- Istituto per la Ricerca e l’Innovazione Biomedica (IRIB)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 90153 Palermo, Italy; (E.P.); (S.D.V.)
| | - Elisabetta Pace
- Istituto per la Ricerca e l’Innovazione Biomedica (IRIB)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 90153 Palermo, Italy; (E.P.); (S.D.V.)
| | - Serena Di Vincenzo
- Istituto per la Ricerca e l’Innovazione Biomedica (IRIB)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 90153 Palermo, Italy; (E.P.); (S.D.V.)
| | - Giuseppe Aiello
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (B.P.); (N.M.); (G.R.); (G.A.)
| | - Alan O’Riordan
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, T12 R5CP Cork, Ireland;
| | - Rosalinda Inguanta
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (B.P.); (N.M.); (G.R.); (G.A.)
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Nagano K, Terada Y, Araki A, Osaki S, Saito M, Tamiya E. Gold Nanocatalysts Towards Digital Sensing Probes with Electrochemiluminescence Based Micro Electrodes Array. ELECTROANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202100312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Nagano
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University 2-1 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Yuhei Terada
- Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Photonics Center Osaka University 2-1 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Akiko Araki
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University 2-1 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Shuto Osaki
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University 2-1 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Masato Saito
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University 2-1 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Eiichi Tamiya
- Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Photonics Center Osaka University 2-1 Yamadaoka Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research Osaka University 8-1 Mihogaoka Ibaraki Osaka 567-0047 Japan
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