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Sharma P, Thakur D, Kumar D, Yadav O. Unveiling Xanthine Presence in Rohu Fish Using Ag +-Doped MoS 2 Nanosheets Through Electrochemical Analysis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:5219-5234. [PMID: 38153654 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04823-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Here, we envisage the development of the rapid, reliable, and facile electrochemical sensor for the primary detection of xanthine (Xn) which is significant for the food quality measurement, based on the silver-doped molybdenum disulfide (Ag@MoS2) nanosheets. The structural and compositional properties of the prepared samples were tested through X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and X-ray photon spectroscopy (XPS). The two-dimensional (2D) MoS2 nanosheets provide the large surface area for the sensing applications and the silver ions help in the enhanced electrochemical response. The fabricated enzymatic biosensor exhibits magnificent cyclic stability with a limit of detection of 27 nM. Also, the sensor was tested for rapid, reproducible, specific, and regenerable up to 10 cycles and has a shelf life of 2 weeks. The outcomes of this study suggest that the proposed matrix could be employed for the fabrication of devices for early detection of xanthine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateek Sharma
- Department of B.Sc. (CS), GNIOT Institute of Professional Studies, Greater Noida Institute of Technology, Knowledge Park-II, Greater Noida, U.P, 201310, India.
| | - Deeksha Thakur
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Main Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Devendra Kumar
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Main Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India.
| | - Omprakash Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Atma Ram Sanatan Dharam College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110010, India
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2
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Sweety, Kumar D. Electrochemical immunosensor based on titanium dioxide grafted MXene for EpCAM antigen detection. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 652:549-556. [PMID: 37607417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.08.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
This study proposes the fabrication of a highly sensitive electrochemical immunosensor for label-free detection of EpCAM antigen. MXenes, novel 2D materials have become popular owing to their unique electrochemical properties. Unlike conventional immunosensors, which are unable to detect the carcinoma at primary stage and also time consuming, the use of highly conducting MXene provides a label-free and highly sensitive immunosensor. Herein, we develop a unique immunosensor, which is based on the in-situ growth of 2D-TiO2 onto the novel 2D-Ti3C2Tx sheets by hydrothermal treatment. The 2D/2D TiO2/Ti3C2Tx hybrid provides a platform having a large effective surface area, and more number of electrochemically active sites to enhance the electron transfer rate through the redox probe. The designed sensing platform, BSA/anti-EpCAM/TiO2/Ti3C2Tx@ITO shows a broad linear range (1 ag/mL to 10 ng/mL) with high sensitivity (6.661 µA ag-1 mL cm-2), and low detection limit (0.7 ag/mL) for EpCAM antigen detection under optimized conditions. The proposed immunosensor possesses good reproducibility, long-term stability, and outstanding selectivity and specificity. Moreover, the clinical applicability of the novel immunosensor is tested in spiked human serum showing good recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweety
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Delhi Technological University, Delhi 110042, India.
| | - Devendra Kumar
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Delhi Technological University, Delhi 110042, India.
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Sharma P, Thakur D, Kumar D. Novel Enzymatic Biosensor Utilizing a MoS 2/MoO 3 Nanohybrid for the Electrochemical Detection of Xanthine in Fish Meat. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:31962-31971. [PMID: 37692241 PMCID: PMC10483649 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
A rapid, reliable, and user-friendly electrochemical sensor was developed for the detection of xanthine (Xn), an important biomarker of food quality. The developed sensor is based on a nanocomposite comprised of molybdenum disulfide-molybdenum trioxide (MoS2/MoO3) and synthesized using a single-pot hydrothermal method. Structural analysis of the MoS2/MoO3 nanocomposite was conducted using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy, while its compositional properties were evaluated through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Morphological features were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Two-dimensional (2D) MoS2 offers advantages such as a high surface-to-volume ratio, biocompatibility, and strong light-matter interaction, whereas MoO3 serves as an effective electron transfer mediator and exhibits excellent stability in aqueous environments. The enzymatic biosensor derived from this nanocomposite demonstrates remarkable cyclic stability and a low limit of detection of 64 nM. It enables rapid, reproducible, specific, and reproducible detection over 10 cycles while maintaining a shelf life of more than 5 weeks. These findings highlight the potential of our proposed approach for the development of early detection devices for Xn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateek Sharma
- GNIOT
Institute of Professional Studies, Greater
Noida Institute of Technology, Knowledge Park-II, Greater
Noida, Uttar Pradesh201310, India
| | - Deeksha Thakur
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Delhi Technological
University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Main Bawana Road, Delhi 110042, India
| | - Devendra Kumar
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Delhi Technological
University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Main Bawana Road, Delhi 110042, India
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Choi HK, Yoon J. Enzymatic Electrochemical/Fluorescent Nanobiosensor for Detection of Small Chemicals. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13040492. [PMID: 37185567 PMCID: PMC10136675 DOI: 10.3390/bios13040492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The detection of small molecules has attracted enormous interest in various fields, including the chemical, biological, and healthcare fields. In order to achieve such detection with high accuracy, up to now, various types of biosensors have been developed. Among those biosensors, enzymatic biosensors have shown excellent sensing performances via their highly specific enzymatic reactions with small chemical molecules. As techniques used to implement the sensing function of such enzymatic biosensors, electrochemical and fluorescence techniques have been mostly used for the detection of small molecules because of their advantages. In addition, through the incorporation of nanotechnologies, the detection property of each technique-based enzymatic nanobiosensors can be improved to measure harmful or important small molecules accurately. This review provides interdisciplinary information related to developing enzymatic nanobiosensors for small molecule detection, such as widely used enzymes, target small molecules, and electrochemical/fluorescence techniques. We expect that this review will provide a broad perspective and well-organized roadmap to develop novel electrochemical and fluorescent enzymatic nanobiosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Kyu Choi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Jinho Yoon
- Department of Biomedical-Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Bucheon-si 14662, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Felicia WXL, Rovina K, ‘Aqilah NMN, Vonnie JM, Yin KW, Huda N. Assessing Meat Freshness via Nanotechnology Biosensors: Is the World Prepared for Lightning-Fast Pace Methods? BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:217. [PMID: 36831985 PMCID: PMC9954215 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In the rapidly evolving field of food science, nanotechnology-based biosensors are one of the most intriguing techniques for tracking meat freshness. Purine derivatives, especially hypoxanthine and xanthine, are important signs of food going bad, especially in meat and meat products. This article compares the analytical performance parameters of traditional biosensor techniques and nanotechnology-based biosensor techniques that can be used to find purine derivatives in meat samples. In the introduction, we discussed the significance of purine metabolisms as analytes in the field of food science. Traditional methods of analysis and biosensors based on nanotechnology were also briefly explained. A comprehensive section of conventional and nanotechnology-based biosensing techniques is covered in detail, along with their analytical performance parameters (selectivity, sensitivity, linearity, and detection limit) in meat samples. Furthermore, the comparison of the methods above was thoroughly explained. In the last part, the pros and cons of the methods and the future of the nanotechnology-based biosensors that have been created are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xia Ling Felicia
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Kobun Rovina
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Nasir Md Nur ‘Aqilah
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Joseph Merillyn Vonnie
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Koh Wee Yin
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Huda
- Faculty of Sustainable Agriculture, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Locked Bag No. 3, Sandakan 90509, Sabah, Malaysia
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Paneru S, Kumar D. A Novel Electrochemical Biosensor Based on Polyaniline-Embedded Copper Oxide Nanoparticles for High-Sensitive Paraoxon-Ethyl (PE) Detection. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12010-023-04350-y. [PMID: 36701097 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04350-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This paper proposes a fabrication of a hyper-sensitive amperometric biosensor for paraoxon-ethyl (PE) detection. In this developed biosensor, polyaniline (PANI) and copper oxide (CuO)-based nanocomposite is used as a sensing platform. The homogeneous distribution of CuO onto the PANI matrix enhances the surface area and conductivity of the nanocomposite. Additionally, the PANI produces a compatible environment for enzyme immobilization, which further enhances the rate of electron transfer. For biosensor fabrication, the nanocomposite is deposited electrophoretically onto the ITO glass substrate and immobilization of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme is conducted onto the fabricated electrode surface. The results validate good reproducibility, good stability, and high selectivity of the fabricated biosensor (AChE/PANI@CuO/ITO). The inhibition rate of paraoxon-ethyl (PE) is recorded in the concentration range of 1-200 nM with a low limit of detection of 0.096 nM or 96 pM. The sensitivity of the developed biosensor is found to be 49.86 µA(nM)-1. The developed biosensor is further successfully accomplished for the detection of PE in real samples like rice and pulse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saroj Paneru
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Devendra Kumar
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, 110042, India.
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Thakur D, Pandey CM, Kumar D. Graphitic Carbon Nitride-Wrapped Metal-free PoPD-Based Biosensor for Xanthine Detection. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:2328-2336. [PMID: 36687095 PMCID: PMC9851023 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A metal-free, enzymatic biosensor was developed using graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)-wrapped poly-ortho-phenylenediamine (PoPD) for the determination of xanthine (Xn). Field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction confirmed the successful formation of the PoPD, g-C3N4 nanosheets and PoPD@g-C3N4 nanocomposite. Furthermore, the electrochemical behavior of the biosensor was characterized by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The prepared enzyme electrode exhibited maximum response at pH 7.5 with a response time of 5 s, and its sensitivity was 5.798 μAM-1. The nanocomposite shows exceptional sensing capabilities for detecting Xn, having a wide linear range from 1 nM to 1 μM with a relatively low detection limit of 0.001 nM. The biosensor shows good stability (4 weeks) and reproducibility and can detect the presence of Xn from other interfering analytes. Validation of the biosensor with real samples obtained from Rohu (Labeo rohita) fish shows that the fabricated biosensor has the requisite potential to be used for Xn detection in meat samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeksha Thakur
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Delhi Technological
University, Delhi110042, India
| | - Chandra Mouli Pandey
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, SGT University, Gurugram122505Haryana, India
| | - Devendra Kumar
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Delhi Technological
University, Delhi110042, India
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8
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Biosynthesized rGO@ZnO-based ultrasensitive electrochemical immunosensor for bovine serum albumin detection. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-023-01848-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Garg D, Verma N, Monika. Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Based Electrochemical Sensor for Rapid and Selective Detection of Hypoxanthine. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1157. [PMID: 36551124 PMCID: PMC9775452 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we report on the coupling of an electrochemical transducer with a specifically designed biomimetic and synthetic polymeric layer that serves as a recognition surface that demonstrates the molecular memory necessary to facilitate the stable and selective identification of the meat-freshness indicator hypoxanthine. Consumer preferences and the food safety of meat products are largely influenced by their freshness, so it is crucial to monitor it so as to quickly identify when it deteriorates. The sensor consists of a glassy-carbon electrode, which can be regenerated in situ continuously, functionalized with molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) and a nanocomposite of curcumin-coated iron oxide magnetic nanospheres (C-IO-MNSs) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) that enhance the surface area as well as the electroactive characteristics. The electrochemical behavior of the fabricated sensor was analyzed by both cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Differential pulse voltammetric studies revealed the rapid response of the proposed sol-gel-MIP/MWCNT/C-IO-MNS/GCE sensor to hypoxanthine in a concentration range of 2-50 µg/mL with a lower limit of detection at 0.165 μg/mL. Application of the newly fabricated sensor demonstrated acceptable recoveries and satisfactory accuracy when used to measure hypoxanthine in different meat samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Garg
- Biosensor Technology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam Verma
- Biosensor Technology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, Punjab, India
| | - Monika
- Department of Biotechnology, Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh 140407, Punjab, India
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