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Kudva AK, Raghu SV, Achar PK, Rao S, Suresh S, Shrinath Baliga M. Study of Serum Zinc and Copper Levels and Tumor Pathology: A Pilot Study in People Affected with Head and Neck Cancers. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2022; 74:6007-6015. [PMID: 36742902 PMCID: PMC9895224 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-021-02589-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine understanding the role of serum copper, zinc and copper/zinc ratio with tumor staging in people newly diagnosed to be affected with Head and Neck cancer and by comparing with age matched health individuals devoid of any orodental maladies. The study included patients confirmed to be affected with HN cancer with histological diagnosis of Head and Neck cancer (60) and age matched healthy volunteers (N = 23). The demographic details like age, domicile, menopausal status and pathological details (like tumor stage, number of lymph node involvement, tumor size) were collected from the patient's hospital data file. The serum levels of zinc and copper assayed as per standard procedures and the zinc/copper was calculated for the cancer patients and controls. The data were subjected to unpaired "t" test and ANOVA with Bonferroni's multiple comparisons. The association between zinc and copper levels with pathological details between the variables was ascertained using the Pearson correlation coefficient(r). A statistical value of p < 0.05 was considered to be significant in agreeance to the accepted norms. Results: This result of the study indicates that when compared to the healthy individuals, the serum levels of copper, and zinc, and copper/zinc ratio were high in patients with H&N cancer. Also when compared with controls, the levels of zinc decreased, while that of copper and copper/zinc ratio increased in people affected with H&N cancer (p = 0.017 to 0.0001) and with the stage of the tumor (p = 0.03 to 0.001). The results of the study suggest that levels of serum zinc were significantly lower and that of copper higher in H&N cancer patients than that in controls and also that it was dependent on the tumor stage. When analyzed cumulatively the results hint that zinc and copper, due to their role in free radical generation and prevention have an important role in cancer progression and possible prevention by judicious intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Kundadka Kudva
- Department of Biochemistry, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Karnataka 574199 India
| | - Shamprasad Varija Raghu
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Department of Applied Zoology, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Karnataka 574199 India
| | - Pavan Kumar Achar
- Research Unit, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Pumpwell, Mangalore, Karnataka 575002 India
| | - Suresh Rao
- Radiation Oncology, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Mangalore, Karnataka 575002 India
| | - Sucharitha Suresh
- Community Medicine, Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka 575002 India
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Zhang B, Tan X, He X, Yang H, Wang Y, Zhang K. Evaluation of Cadmium Levels in Dental Calculus of Male Oral SCC Patients with Betel-Quid Chewing in Hunan Province of China. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 191:348-353. [PMID: 30659512 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-1639-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread trace toxic heavy metal with long biological half-life and may induce higher risk of cancer on multiple organs of human body. Recent studies have confirmed that dental calculus has enormous potential for investigation of exposure to Cd in the human mouth by acting as a time capsule. We aimed to examine relationship between Cd levels in dental calculus due to betel-quid chewing and risk of oral cancer. This study included 85 male oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cases with betel-quid chewing and smoking as observation subjects (group A) and 67 healthy people with smoking but without betel-quid chewing as control subjects (group B) in Hunan province of Mainland China. Cd levels in calcified dental calculus samples from all participants were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results of this study indicated that cadmium levels in dental calculus were significantly higher in male oral SCC patients with betel-quid chewing and smoking than that in healthy individuals without habit of betel-quid chewing and with smoking (p < 0.0001). This study gives some evidence to support that there may be a positive relationship between cadmium in dental calculus due to betel-quid chewing and risk of oral SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital and The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
- Hanwoo DNA Solutions Co., Ltd, Changsha, China.
- Hunan Legal Forensic Center, Changsha, China.
| | - Xiaodan Tan
- Hanwoo DNA Solutions Co., Ltd, Changsha, China
- Hunan Legal Forensic Center, Changsha, China
| | - Xifan He
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital and The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanlin Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital and The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuehui Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital and The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kunlun Zhang
- Hanwoo DNA Solutions Co., Ltd, Changsha, China
- Hunan Legal Forensic Center, Changsha, China
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Drobyshev EJ, Solovyev ND, Gorokhovskiy BM, Kashuro VA. Accumulation Patterns of Sub-chronic Aluminum Toxicity Model After Gastrointestinal Administration in Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 185:384-394. [PMID: 29441448 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1247-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Although aluminum chronic neurotoxicity is well documented, there are no well-established experimental protocols of Al exposure. In the current study, toxic effects of sub-chronic Al exposure have been evaluated in outbreed male rats (gastrointestinal administration). Forty animals were used: 10 were administered with AlCl3 water solution (2 mg/kg Al per day) for 1 month, 10 received the same concentration of AlCl3 for 3 month, and 20 (10 per observation period) saline as control. After 30 and 90 days, the animals underwent behavioral tests: open field, passive avoidance, extrapolation escape task, and grip strength. At the end of the study, the blood, liver, kidney, and brain were excised for analytical and morphological studies. The Al content was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometry. Essential trace elements-Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Se, and Zn-were measured in whole blood samples. Although no morphological changes were observed in the brain, liver, or kidney for both exposure terms, dose-dependent Al accumulation and behavioral differences (increased locomotor activity after 30 days) between treatment and control groups were indicated. Moreover, for 30 days exposure, strong positive correlation between Al content in the brain and blood for individual animals was established, which surprisingly disappeared by the third month. This may indicate neural barrier adaptation to the Al exposure or the saturation of Al transport into the brain. Notably, we could not see a clear neurodegeneration process after rather prolonged sub-chronic Al exposure, so probably longer exposure periods are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii J Drobyshev
- Institut für Ernährungswissenschaft, Universität Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, 14558, Potsdam, Germany.
- St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | | | - Boris M Gorokhovskiy
- Institute of Precambrian Geology and Geochronology Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vadim A Kashuro
- Institute of Toxicology of Federal Medico-Biological Agency, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Qayyum MA, Shah MH. Study of trace metal imbalances in the blood, scalp hair and nails of oral cancer patients from Pakistan. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 593-594:191-201. [PMID: 28343039 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Oral cancer is an important cause of cancer morbidity and mortality globally and exposure to trace metals alongside tobacco, alcohol and HPV are the important etiological factors in its development. Selected essential and toxic trace metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) were measured in the blood, scalp hair and nails of oral cancer patients and counterpart controls by atomic absorption spectrometry. Mean concentrations of Cd, Ni and Pb were found to be significantly higher (p<0.05) and those of Cu, Fe and Zn were considerably lower in the blood, scalp hair and nails of the patients than the controls. Most of the metal concentrations exhibited higher dispersion and asymmetry in the blood, scalp hair and nails of the patients compared with the controls. The correlation study revealed significantly diverse relationships among the metals in blood, scalp hair and nails of both donor groups. Variations in the metal levels were also noted for various stages (I, II, III & IV) as well as the types (adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma) of oral cancer. Multivariate cluster analysis of the metal levels in the patients were also significantly dissimilar than the controls. The study evidenced considerably divergent variations in the metal levels in oral cancer patients in comparison with the controls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Munir H Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
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Analysis of Blood Concentrations of Zinc, Germanium, and Lead and Relevant Environmental Factors in a Population Sample from Shandong Province, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14030227. [PMID: 28245579 PMCID: PMC5369063 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14030227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Trace elements, including zinc (Zn) and germanium (Ge), are essential for health; deficiency or excess levels of trace elements results is harmful. As a result of industrial and agricultural production, Pb widely exists in people’s living environment. It is absorbed mainly through the respiratory and digestive tracts, producing systemic harm. Reference values for a normal, healthy population are necessary for health assessment, prevention and treatment of related diseases, and evaluation of occupational exposures. Reference ranges for the Chinese population have not been established. From March 2009 to February 2010; we collected data and blood samples (n = 1302) from residents aged 6–60 years living in Shandong Province, China. We measured blood concentrations of Zn, Ge, and Pb using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to determine reference ranges. Results were stratified by factors likely to affect the concentrations of these trace elements: sex, use of cosmetics or hair dye, age, alcohol intake, smoking habits, and consumption of fried food. The overall geometric mean (GM) concentrations (95% confidence interval) were 3.14 (3.08–3.20) mg/L for Zn, 19.9 (19.3–20.6) μg/L for Ge, and 24.1 (23.2–25.1) μg/L for Pb. Blood Zn concentrations were higher in women than in men (p < 0.001), while the opposite was found for Pb (p < 0.001) and sex did not influence Ge (p = 0.095). Alcohol use was associated with higher blood concentrations of Zn (p = 0.002), Ge (p = 0.002), and Pb (p = 0.001). The GM concentration of Zn was highest in 20–30-year-olds (p < 0.001), while Pb concentrations were highest in 12–16-year-olds (p < 0.001). Use of hair dye was associated with lower blood concentrations of Ge (p < 0.05). GM blood concentrations of Pb differed significantly between those who consumed fried foods 1–2 times/month (18.7 μg/L), 1–2 times/week (20.9 μg/L), and every day (28.5 μg/L; p < 0.001). Blood Pb concentrations were higher in subjects who used cosmetics (p < 0.05), hair dye (p < 0.05), and who smoked cigarettes (p < 0.001) than in those who did not.
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Bhattacharya PT, Misra SR, Hussain M. Nutritional Aspects of Essential Trace Elements in Oral Health and Disease: An Extensive Review. SCIENTIFICA 2016; 2016:5464373. [PMID: 27433374 PMCID: PMC4940574 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5464373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Human body requires certain essential elements in small quantities and their absence or excess may result in severe malfunctioning of the body and even death in extreme cases because these essential trace elements directly influence the metabolic and physiologic processes of the organism. Rapid urbanization and economic development have resulted in drastic changes in diets with developing preference towards refined diet and nutritionally deprived junk food. Poor nutrition can lead to reduced immunity, augmented vulnerability to various oral and systemic diseases, impaired physical and mental growth, and reduced efficiency. Diet and nutrition affect oral health in a variety of ways with influence on craniofacial development and growth and maintenance of dental and oral soft tissues. Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) are treated with antioxidants containing essential trace elements like selenium but even increased dietary intake of trace elements like copper could lead to oral submucous fibrosis. The deficiency or excess of other trace elements like iodine, iron, zinc, and so forth has a profound effect on the body and such conditions are often diagnosed through their early oral manifestations. This review appraises the biological functions of significant trace elements and their role in preservation of oral health and progression of various oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Tomar Bhattacharya
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Haldia Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Haldia, West Bengal 721645, India
| | - Satya Ranjan Misra
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Orissa 753001, India
| | - Mohsina Hussain
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Haldia Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Haldia, West Bengal 721645, India
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Particle induced X-ray emission study of blood samples of Indian Kala-azar patients. J Parasit Dis 2016; 41:193-198. [PMID: 28316411 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-016-0775-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) or Kala-azar (KA) is a neglected tropical disease caused by protozoan parasite, Leishmania sp. and is fatal, if left untreated. In this study, we measured trace elements (K, Fe, Cu, Zn, Br, Cl, S, Ca, Mn, Cr, Ni, As, Se, Rb and Sr) in the blood of Indian VL patients (32) by particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) study. Blood was collected from 36 subjects including healthy controls from Rambagh Kala-azar Hospital, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India. PIXE experiment was carried out at the Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar, India and data were analyzed by GUPIXWIN software. We observed first time the association of bromine with the disease. The results showed 48.47 % decrease in Br, 35.16 % decrease in Zn and 29.05 % decrease in Fe in untreated state of the KA patients. In the same group, Cu has been increased by 16.73 %. Cu/Zn ratio has been altered in diseased state. The association of bromine with the disease is reported for the first time and altered levels of trace elements (Br, Cu, Fe and Zn) may come back to normal after completion of the treatment regimen with Amphotericin B.
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Genotoxicity Study with Special Reference to Comet Test in the Blood Cells of Workers Exposed to Sewage Water. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/251812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Awareness among sewage workers to occupational exposure is growing slowly in many developing countries. Lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) are present in sewage water and workers are exposed to these metals as a result of unprotected handling. These heavy metals exposures are responsible for DNA damage and lowering blood total iron (Fe) concentration. Zinc (Zn) is an element for promoting metallothionine expression and binds the free Cd. The total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), Pb, and Cd were estimated in sewage water. The whole blood Zn and Fe concentration and Pd and Cd were also estimated. Genotoxicity as indicated by DNA damage was studied by comet assay. It was observed that there were significant differences (P<0.001) of Pb and Cd concentration in blood for the sewage workers when compared with control population. DNA damage was also observed to be significantly (P<0.001) higher in the exposed groups but their blood Fe concentration was significantly lower, which may be the reason for their tendency for retention of blood Cd and make them more susceptible. This study also indicated that aged workers had higher blood Zn concentrations as compared to the younger (working < 20 years) workers. This may indicate a possible adaptive response. The present study proposes that younger (working < 20 years) group is more susceptible as compared to aged group (working > 20 years).
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