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Li L, Xue B, Lin H, Lan W, Wang X, Wei J, Li M, Li M, Duan Y, Lv J, Chen Z. The adsorption and release mechanism of different aged microplastics toward Hg(II) via batch experiment and the deep learning method. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 350:141067. [PMID: 38163463 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.141067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Aged microplastics are ubiquitous in the aquatic environment, which inevitably accumulate metals, and then alter their migration. Whereas, the synergistic behavior and effect of microplastics and Hg(II) were rarely reported. In this context, the adsorptive behavior of Hg(II) by pristine/aged microplastics involving polystyrene, polyethylene, polylactic acid, and tire microplastics were investigated via kinetic (pseudo-first and second-order dynamics, the internal diffusion model), Langmuir, and Freundlich isothermal models; the adsorption and desorption behavior was also explored under different conditions. Microplastics aged by ozone exhibited a rougher surface attached with abundant oxygen-containing groups to enhance hydrophilicity and negative surface charge, those promoted adsorption capacity of 4-20 times increment compared with the pristine microplastics. The process (except for aged tire microplastics) was dominated by a monolayer chemical reaction, which was significantly impacted by pH, salinity, fulvic acid, and co-existing ions. Furthermore, the adsorbed Hg(II) could be effectively eluted in 0.04% HCl, simulated gastric liquids, and seawater with a maximum desorption amount of 23.26 mg/g. An artificial neural network model was used to predict the performance of microplastics in complex media and accurately capture the main influencing factors and their contributions. This finding revealed that aged microplastics had the affinity to trap Hg(II) from freshwater, whereafter it released the Hg(II) once transported into the acidic medium, the organism's gastrointestinal system, or the estuary area. These indicated that aged microplastics could be the sink or the source of Hg(II) depending on the surrounding environment, meaning that aged microplastics could be the vital carrier to Hg(II).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianghong Li
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Bin Xue
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Haiying Lin
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Emerging Contaminants Monitoring, Early Warning and Environmental Health Risk Assessment, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
| | - Wenlu Lan
- Beibu Gulf Marine Ecological Environment Field Observation and Research Station of Guangxi, Beihai, Guangxi, China; Marine Environmental Monitoring Centre of Guangxi, Beihai, Guangxi, China.
| | - Xinyi Wang
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Junqi Wei
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Mingen Li
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Mingzhi Li
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yu Duan
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiatong Lv
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zixuan Chen
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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Xiao M, Lai X, He J, Huang J, Tang Z, Wu R, Jian J. Highly efficient removal of aqueous Hg(II) by FeS micro-flakes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 870:162013. [PMID: 36737015 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
FeS (mackinawite) is known to be effective in the sorption of aqueous Hg(II). However, FeS nanoparticles are apt to aggregate and easy to be oxidized, which limits their wide applications. Here, we have synthesized FeS micro-flakes which can be uniformly dispersed in water without aggregation. Owing to the good stability and dispersibility, FeS micro-flakes exhibit high efficiency in the removal of Hg(II) from water. The sorption of Hg(II) on the FeS micro-flakes is more consistent with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir model, indicating that the sorption of Hg(II) is mainly monolayer sorption dominated by chemical sorption. The maximum sorption capacity is 2680 mg/g at pH 5.6 and 30 °C, significantly higher than those of FeS nanoparticles and other Hg(II) scavengers. The pH studies indicate that FeS (0.31 g/L) can effectively remove >97.6 % of 200 mg/L Hg(II) in the pH range of 2-12 at 30 °C. Powder X-ray diffraction, elemental and sorption analyses suggest that Hg(II) is removed via chemical precipitation and surface adsorption. This study demonstrates the potential and viability of FeS micro-flakes for efficient removal of aqueous Hg(II).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingling Xiao
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaofang Lai
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jun He
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiahao Huang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhenhua Tang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ruiwen Wu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jikang Jian
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Xia Z, Bi H, Li C, Geng L, Usman M, Du Y, Wei L. Neurotoxicity of β-HgS differs from environmental mercury pollutants (MeHgCl and HgCl 2) in Neuro-2a cell. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2021; 31:861-871. [PMID: 31793343 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2019.1692792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
β-HgS, differing from environmental mercury pollutants (MeHgCl and HgCl2) in chemical form, is used as traditional medicine in Asian countries for thousands of years. In this study, Neuro-2a cells were exposed to β-HgS, MeHgCl and HgCl2 (5 µM) for 6-24 h. The cell viability of β-HgS was higher than MeHgCl with 25.9% and 72.4% in 12 h and 24 h respectively. As the incubation time increased, MeHgCl had obvious damage to cell morphology, decreased the ratio of Bcl-2 and Bak and increased the expressions of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β significantly. Furthermore, the expressions of IL-1β and IL-6 in HgCl2 group were increased significantly in 6 h and 24 h. The apoptotic rates in MeHgCl and HgCl2 group were respectively higher than β-HgS with 32.2% and 7.30% in 24 h. Our findings indicate that β-HgS is much less neurotoxicity than MeHgCl and HgCl2 in Neuro-2a cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghua Xia
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, China
- College of life sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Hongtao Bi
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Cen Li
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Lujing Geng
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, China
- College of life sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Department of Biotechnology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Yuzhi Du
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Lixin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, China
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Ma HH, Ding YN, Wang A, Li X, Wang Y, Shi FG, Lu YF. Cinnabar protects serum-nutrient starvation induced apoptosis by improving intracellular oxidative stress and inhibiting the expression of CHOP and PERK. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 27:101055. [PMID: 34258395 PMCID: PMC8255187 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cinnabar has been used for treatment of various disorders for thousands of years. The medical use of cinnabar, however, has been controversial because of its heavy metal mercury content. A large quantity of studies indicate that the toxicity of cinnabar is far below other inorganic or organic mercury-containing compounds. Yet, the underlying molecular basis has remained unresolved. Here, we investigated the beneficial effects of cinnabar on serum-nutrient starvation-elicited cell injury. Our findings showed that treatment of human renal proximal tubular cells (HK-2) with 4 nM cinnabar effectively inhibited nutrient deprivation induced apoptosis, reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species generation and increased GSH content, which was contrary to the exacerbated apoptotic cell death and oxidative stress in cells treated with HgCl2 at equal mercury concentration. In addition, cinnabar exerted robust antioxidative and antiapoptotic effects in cells under dual challenges of nutrient deprivation and treatment of H2O2. The protein expression levels of both CHOP and PERK were remarkably down-regulated in the cells treated with cinnabar compared to the control cells or cells treated with HgCl2. Overall, our data indicates that cinnabar at low concentration exerts anti-oxidative stress and anti-apoptosis effects by inhibiting the expression of the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway proteins CHOP and PERK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Hong Ma
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Yan-Nan Ding
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Ao Wang
- Zunyi Institute of Product Quality Inspection and Testing, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Xia Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Fu-Guo Shi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Yuan-Fu Lu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
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5
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Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel chalcone-like compounds as potent and reversible pancreatic lipase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 29:115853. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Biswas S, Bellare J. Ayurvedic processing of α-HgS gives novel physicochemistry and distinct toxicokinetics in zebrafish. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 251:126295. [PMID: 32143074 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Rasasindura (RS) is an Ayurvedic medicine, which contains ∼99% α-HgS. It is used as a rejuvenating agent and commonly used to treat diseases such as syphilis, insomnia, high fever, and nervous disorders. Cinnabar ore (α-HgS) is a well-known mineral, which is readily available. Despite it, Ayurvedic practitioners adopted an involved and tedious procedure for the preparation of RS. In this study, three samples, one was Ayurvedic (RS), the second one was the commercial (HGS), and the third one was cinnabar ore (CN), were physiochemically examined. Zebrafish model was employed for toxicity study with an oral dose of 100 mg/kg/day for the three samples for 10 days. We found that RS conferred novel physicochemical properties, which were not seen in HGS and CN. Significantly, the average crystallite size of RS was lowest (26 nm) as compared to HGS (31 nm) and CN (34 nm), and the rate of increase of crystallite size with temperature was lowest in RS. RS did not show any significant behavioral toxicity in zebrafish, which was seen with the HGS-and CN-treated zebrafish. HGS-and CN-treated zebrafish showed a significantly high (∗∗∗p < 0.001) decrease (77 ± 7.6% and 51 ± 6.5%, respectively) of glutathione (GSH) levels in the brain, however, for RS-treated zebrafish, the change of GSH was insignificant (26 ± 2.5%, p > 0.05). Interestingly, HGS significantly altered the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in brain tissue. Therefore, among all three samples, RS exhibited the lowest toxicity, which can be credited to the distinct toxicokinetics by these samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehasis Biswas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Jayesh Bellare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India; Wadhwani Research Centre for Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India.
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Geng L, Xia Z, Yuan L, Li C, Zhang M, Du Y, Wei L, Bi H. Effects of β-HgS on cell viability and intracellular oxidative stress in PC-12 cells. Metallomics 2020; 12:1389-1399. [DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00088d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Tibetan medicines containing β-HgS have been used to treat chronic ailments for thousands of years. The effects were studied of β-HgS on cell viability and intracellular oxidative stress in PC-12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujing Geng
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology
- CAS
- Xining 810008
- China
| | - Zhenghua Xia
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology
- CAS
- Xining 810008
- China
| | - Lu Yuan
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology
- CAS
- Xining 810008
- China
| | - Cen Li
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology
- CAS
- Xining 810008
- China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology
- CAS
- Xining 810008
- China
| | - Yuzhi Du
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology
- CAS
- Xining 810008
- China
| | - Lixin Wei
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology
- CAS
- Xining 810008
- China
| | - Hongtao Bi
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology
- CAS
- Xining 810008
- China
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Wu Q, He X, Zhou S, Shi F, Lu Y. Role of PEPT1in the transport of cinnabar in Caco-2 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 63:104747. [PMID: 31838184 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cinnabar, a mercury-containing mineral medicine, has been used as an ingredient in Traditional Chinese Medicines for treatment of various diseases for thousands of years and is still widely used today. The toxicity of cinnabar is much less than other mercury-containing compounds. This study aimed to evaluate the possible role of oligopeptide transporter1 (PEPT1) in intestinal uptake of cinnabar. Thus, the Caco-2 cell model was employed to investigate the differential transport levels and the probable transporter involved in the transport of cinnabar, mercury sulfide (HgS) and mercury chloride (HgCl2). Cells were incubated with the same molar concentration of cinnabar, HgS or HgCl2 and then the inorganic mercury content of apical (AP), cellular and basolateral (BL) side of the cell was measured by ultra-high liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (UPLC-ICP/MS) after the treatment, respectively. Their transportation levels were also investigated when pH was changed to 5.5 in AP side to define the role of the H+ dependent transporter. Effects of cinnabar, HgS or HgCl2 on transporter mRNA and protein expression levels were assayed by RT-PCR and Western-blot method, respectively. The possible transporter involved in the transport was examined by siRNA silencing and chemical inhibition. The results showed that the levels of inorganic mercury in the BL side for cinnabar and HgS were 49.39% and 30.41% of that in HgCl2 group. The transport levels of cinnabar and HgCl2 were significantly increased when the pH was changed to 5.5 on the AP side as compared with the control group (pH 7.4). Cinnabar significantly decreased the mRNA and protein expression of PEPT1. Transport levels of cinnabar were significantly decreased by PEPT1-siRNA and chemical inhibition of PEPT1. The present study demonstrates that PEPT1 may be an important transporter in the entry of cinnabar into the intestinal epithelium, and intestinal transport levels of cinnabar and HgS was lower than that of HgCl2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wu
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, 6 West Xue-Fu Road, Zunyi City, Guizhou 563000, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, 6 West Xue-Fu Road, Zunyi City, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Xi He
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, 6 West Xue-Fu Road, Zunyi City, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Shaojun Zhou
- Zunyi Institute of Product Quality Inspection and testing, 126 Shanghai Road, Zunyi city, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Fuguo Shi
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, 6 West Xue-Fu Road, Zunyi City, Guizhou 563000, China.
| | - Yuanfu Lu
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, 6 West Xue-Fu Road, Zunyi City, Guizhou 563000, China.
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Zhang BB, Liu YM, Hu AL, Xu SF, Fan LD, Cheng ML, Li C, Wei LX, Liu J. HgS and Zuotai differ from HgCl 2 and methyl mercury in intestinal Hg absorption, transporter expression and gut microbiome in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 379:114615. [PMID: 31175882 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is generally considered as a toxic metal; yet the biological outcomes of Hg-containing compounds are highly dependent upon their chemical forms. We hypothesize that mercury sulfide (HgS) is different from HgCl2 and methylmercury (MeHg) in producing intestinal Hg absorption and disruption of gut microbiome. To test this hypothesis, mice were given orally with HgS (α-HgS, 30 mg/kg), Zuotai (β-HgS, 30 mg/kg), HgCl2 (33.6 mg/kg, equivalent Hg as HgS), or MeHg (3.1 mg/kg, 1/10 Hg as HgS) for 7 days. Accumulation of Hg in the duodenum and ileum after HgCl2 (30-40 fold) and MeHg (10-15 fold) was higher than HgS and Zuotai (~2-fold). HgCl2 and MeHg decreased intestinal intake peptide transporter-1 and Ost-β, and increased ileal bile acid binding protein and equilibrative nucleoside transporter-1. The efflux transporters ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member-4 (Abcc4), Abcg2, Abcg5/8, and Abcb1b were increased by HgCl2 and to a lesser extent by MeHg, while HgS and Zuotai had minimal effects. Bacterial DNA was extracted and subjected to 16S rDNA sequencing. Operational taxonomic unit (OTU) results showed that among the 10 phyla, HgS increased Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, while HgCl2 increased Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria and decreased Firmicutes; among the 79 families, HgS increased Rikenellaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Helicobacteraceae, and decreased Prevotellaceae, while HgCl2 increased Odoribacteraceae, Porphyromonadaceae, and decreased Lactobacillaceae; among the 232 genus/species, HgS and Zuotai affected gut microbiome quite differently from HgCl2 and MeHg. qPCR analysis with 16S rRNA confirmed sequencing results. Thus, chemical forms of mercury are a major determinant for intestinal Hg accumulation, alterations in transporters and disruption of microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Bin Zhang
- Key Lab for Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yong-Mei Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Affiliated to Guizhou Medical University, No. 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China
| | - An-Ling Hu
- Key Lab for Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Shang-Fu Xu
- Key Lab for Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Li-Da Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Affiliated to Guizhou Medical University, No. 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China
| | - Ming-Liang Cheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Affiliated to Guizhou Medical University, No. 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China
| | - Cen Li
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
| | - Li-Xin Wei
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Lab for Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563000, China.
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Chemical Compositions of Metals in Bhasmas and Tibetan Zuotai Are a Major Determinant of Their Therapeutic Effects and Toxicity. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:1697804. [PMID: 30941186 PMCID: PMC6421027 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1697804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Minerals are alchemically processed as Bhasmas in Ayurvedic medicines or as Zuotai in Tibetan medicines. Ayurveda is a knowledge system of longevity and considers the mineral elixir made from “nature” capable of giving humans perpetual life. Herbo-metallic preparations have a long history in the treatment of various diseases in India, China, and around the world. Their disposition, pharmacology, efficacy, and safety require scientific evaluation. This review discusses the Bhasmas in Ayurvedic medicines and Zuotai in Tibetan medicines for their occurrence, bioaccessibility, therapeutic use, pharmacology, toxicity, and research perspectives. A literature search on Mineral, Bhasma, Ayurvedic medicine, Zuotai, Tibetan medicine, and Metals/metalloids from PubMed, Google and other sources was carried out, and the relevant papers on their traditional use, pharmacology, and toxicity were selected and analyzed. Minerals are processed to form Bhasma or Zuotai to alter their physiochemical properties distinguishing them from environmental metals. The metals found in Ayurveda are mainly from the intentional addition in the form of Bhasma or Zuotai. Bhasma and Zuotai are often used in combination with other herbals and/or animal-based products as mixtures. The advanced technologies are now utilized to characterize herbo-metallic preparations as Quality Assurance/Quality Control. The bioaccessibility, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of herbo-metallic preparations are different from environmental metals. The pharmacological basis of Bhasma in Ayurveda and Zuotai in Tibetan medicines and their interactions with drugs require scientific research. Although the toxic potentials of Bhasma and Zuotai differ from environmental metals, the metal poisoning case reports, especially lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and arsenic (As) from inappropriate use of traditional medicines, are increasing, and pharmacovigilance is desired. In risk assessment, chemical forms of metals in Bhasma and Zuotai should be considered for their disposition, efficacy, and toxicity.
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Biswas S, Balodia N, Bellare J. Comparative neurotoxicity study of mercury-based inorganic compounds including Ayurvedic medicines Rasasindura and Kajjali in zebrafish model. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2018; 66:25-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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