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Liu M, Di YM, May B, Zhang AL, Zhang L, Chen J, Wang R, Liu X, Xue CC. Renal protective effects and mechanisms of Astragalus membranaceus for diabetic kidney disease in animal models: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155646. [PMID: 38733903 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astragalus membranaceus (AM) shows potential therapeutic benefits for managing diabetic kidney disease (DKD), a leading cause of kidney failure with no cure. However, its comprehensive effects on renal outcomes and plausible mechanisms remain unclear. PURPOSE This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize the effects and mechanisms of AM on renal outcomes in DKD animal models. METHODS Seven electronic databases were searched for animal studies until September 2023. Risk of bias was assessed based on SYRCLE's Risk of Bias tool. Standardized mean difference (SMD) or mean difference (MD) were estimated for the effects of AM on serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), albuminuria, histological changes, oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis and glucolipids. Effects were pooled using random-effects models. Heterogeneity was presented as I2. Subgroup analysis investigated treatment- and animal-related factors for renal outcomes. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger's test. Sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the results' robustness. RevMan 5.3 and Stata MP 15 software were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Forty studies involving 1543 animals were identified for analysis. AM treatment significantly decreased SCr (MD = -19.12 μmol/l, 95 % CI: -25.02 to -13.23), BUN (MD = -6.72 mmol/l, 95 % CI: -9.32 to -4.12), urinary albumin excretion rate (SMD = -2.74, 95 % CI: -3.57, -1.90), histological changes (SMD = -2.25, 95 % CI: -3.19 to -1.32). AM treatment significantly improved anti-oxidative stress expression (SMD = 1.69, 95 % CI: 0.97 to 2.41), and decreased inflammation biomarkers (SMD = -3.58, 95 % CI: -5.21 to -1.95). AM treatment also decreased fibrosis markers (i.e. TGF-β1, CTGF, collagen IV, Wnt4 and β-catenin) and increased anti-fibrosis marker BMP-7. Blood glucose, lipids and kidney size were also improved compared with the DM control group. CONCLUSION AM could improve renal outcomes and alleviate injury through multiple signaling pathways. This indicates AM may be an option to consider for the development of future DKD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meifang Liu
- China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3083, Australia; Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yuan Ming Di
- China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3083, Australia
| | - Brian May
- China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3083, Australia
| | - Anthony Lin Zhang
- China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3083, Australia
| | - Lei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510120, China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Junhui Chen
- Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Ruobing Wang
- Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Xusheng Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510120, China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Charlie Changli Xue
- China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3083, Australia.
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Yao J, Peng T, Shao C, Liu Y, Lin H, Liu Y. The Antioxidant Action of Astragali radix: Its Active Components and Molecular Basis. Molecules 2024; 29:1691. [PMID: 38675511 PMCID: PMC11052376 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Astragali radix is a traditional medicinal herb with a long history and wide application. It is frequently used in prescriptions with other medicinal materials to replenish Qi. According to the classics of traditional Chinese medicine, Astragali radix is attributed with properties such as Qi replenishing and surface solidifying, sore healing and muscle generating, and inducing diuresis to reduce edema. Modern pharmacological studies have demonstrated that some extracts and active ingredients in Astragali radix function as antioxidants. The polysaccharides, saponins, and flavonoids in Astragali radix offer beneficial effects in preventing and controlling diseases caused by oxidative stress. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive research on the effective components and molecular mechanisms through which Astragali radix exerts antioxidant activity. In this paper, we review the active components with antioxidant effects in Astragali radix; summarize the content, bioavailability, and antioxidant mechanisms; and offer a reference for the clinical application of Astragalus and the future development of novel antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yao
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730101, China; (T.P.); (C.S.); (H.L.)
| | - Ting Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730101, China; (T.P.); (C.S.); (H.L.)
| | - Changxin Shao
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730101, China; (T.P.); (C.S.); (H.L.)
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- College of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730013, China;
| | - Huanhuan Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730101, China; (T.P.); (C.S.); (H.L.)
| | - Yongqi Liu
- College of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730013, China;
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Alharbi KS, Nadeem MS, Afzal O, Alzarea SI, Altamimi ASA, Almalki WH, Mubeen B, Iftikhar S, Shah L, Kazmi I. Gingerol, a Natural Antioxidant, Attenuates Hyperglycemia and Downstream Complications. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12121274. [PMID: 36557312 PMCID: PMC9782005 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12121274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is seen in approximately 68 percent of patients admitted to a medical intensive care unit (ICU). In many acute circumstances, such as myocardial infarction, brain, injury and stroke, it is an independent predictor of mortality. Hyperglycemia is induced by a mix of genetic, environmental, and immunologic variables in people with type 1 diabetes. These factors cause pancreatic beta cell death and insulin insufficiency. Insulin resistance and irregular insulin production cause hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes patients. Hyperglycemia activates a number of complicated interconnected metabolic processes. Hyperglycemia is a major contributor to the onset and progression of diabetes' secondary complications such as neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, cataracts, periodontitis, and bone and joint issues. Studies on the health benefits of ginger and its constituent's impact on hyperglycemia and related disorders have been conducted and gingerol proved to be a potential pharmaceutically active constituent of ginger (Zingiber officinale) that has been shown to lower blood sugar levels, because it possesses antioxidant properties and it functions as an antioxidant in the complicated biochemical process that causes hyperglycemia to be activated. Gingerol not only helps in treating hyperglycemia but also shows effectivity against diseases related to it, such as cardiopathy, kidney failure, vision impairments, bone and joint problems, and teeth and gum infections. Moreover, fresh ginger has various gingerol analogues, with 6-gingerol being the most abundant. However, it is necessary to investigate the efficacy of its other analogues against hyperglycemia and associated disorders at various concentrations in order to determine the appropriate dose for treating these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Saad Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Shahid Nadeem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (M.S.N.); (I.K.)
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami I. Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmalik S. A. Altamimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bismillah Mubeen
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Saima Iftikhar
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Luqman Shah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (M.S.N.); (I.K.)
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Huang D, Shen P, Wang C, Gao J, Ye C, Wu F. Calycosin plays a protective role in diabetic kidney disease through the regulation of ferroptosis. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:990-996. [PMID: 35587919 PMCID: PMC9132481 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2067572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a devastating complication of diabetes. Renal functional deterioration caused by tubular injury is the primary change associated with this disease. Calycosin shows protective roles in various diseases. OBJECTIVES This study explored the function and underlying mechanism of calycosin in DKD. MATERIALS AND METHODS HK-2 cells were treated with 25 mM high glucose (HG) to establish a renal tubule injury cell model. Then, the viability of cells treated with 0, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 μM of calycosin was measured using Cell Counting Kit-8. For the in vivo model, db/db mice were treated with 10 and 20 mg/kg/day of calycosin; db/m mice served as controls. The histomorphology was analyzed via haematoxylin and eosin staining. RESULTS HG-induced decreased expression of glutathione (491.57 ± 33.56 to 122.6 ± 9.78 μmol/mL) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (inhibition rate 92.3%) and increased expression of lactate dehydrogenase (3.85 ± 0.89 to 16.84 ± 2.18 U/mL), malondialdehyde (3.72 ± 0.66 to 18.2 ± 1.58 nmol/mL), lipid ROS (4.31-fold increase) and NCOA4 (7.69-fold increase). The effects induced by HG could be blocked by calycosin. Moreover, calycosin alleviated the HG-induced decrease of cell viability and the increase of lipid ROS, but erastin could block the effects caused by calycosin. The in vivo model showed that calycosin alleviated the renal injury caused by diabetes. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Calycosin has a protective effect on diabetic kidney disease; ferroptosis may be involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Huang
- TCM Institute of Kidney Disease, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peicheng Shen
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiandong Gao
- TCM Institute of Kidney Disease, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoyang Ye
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- CONTACT Feng Wu Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528, Zhangheng Road, Pudong District, Shanghai201203, China
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Almulathanon AAY, Mohammad JA, Allwash TA. Evaluation the effects of insulin on oxidant/antioxidant status in type 1 diabetic patients. PHARMACIA 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.68.e70495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Earlier works have revealed increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased antioxidant levels in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The current study aimed to investigate the effect of mixed insulin therapy on oxidative stress and antioxidant status in patients with T1DM. This study involved 75 participants who were divided into three groups: 20 healthy subjects as a control, 25 newly diagnosed patients with T1DM (without treatment) and 30 patients with T1DM treated with insulin (regular and Human Neutral Protamine Hagedorn (NPH)) twice daily. Fasting serum glucose (FSG), serum concentrations of insulin, malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), and vitamins (C and E) were measured in all participants. Compared with the healthy control, serum glucose and MDA concentrations were observed to be significantly higher, while significantly lower concentrations of CAT, GSH, and vitamins (C and E) were found in both the treated and untreated diabetic groups. Although insulin therapy caused a significant decrease in blood sugar with a marked elevation in the levels of insulin, CAT, GSH and vitamin E compared to the untreated patients, the changes in the levels of MDA and vitamin C between diabetic groups were not significant. Moreover, the level of insulin resistance was significantly increased in insulin-treated patients as compared to the control and untreated diabetic groups. In conclusion, twice daily treatment with regular and NPH insulin can ameliorate hyperglycemia and improve antioxidant levels in patients with T1DM. However, the insulin regimen used in this study did not reveal a beneficial effect on oxidative stress and insulin resistance. Hence, exogenous antioxidants (vitamins C and E) can be used in combination with insulin to control these parameters.
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Li J, Luo J, Chai Y, Guo Y, Tianzhi Y, Bao Y. Hypoglycemic effect of Taraxacum officinale root extract and its synergism with Radix Astragali extract. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:2075-2085. [PMID: 33841825 PMCID: PMC8020951 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Taraxacum officinale (dandelion) and Radix Astragali are traditional medicinal and edible plants with high nutritional value. In this study, the synergistic hypoglycemic effect of DRE and Radix Astragali extract (RAE) was evaluated. Our results showed that water extract of dandelion (DRE-w), mainly containing polysaccharides (63.92 ± 1.82 mg/g), total flavonoid (2.57 ± 0.06 mg/g), total phenolic compounds (8.93 ± 0.34 mg/g), and saponins (0.54 ± 0.05 mg/g), exhibited significantly inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase and α-amylase. DRE-w and RAE had synergistic hypoglycemic effect; we found that DRE-w and its combination with RAE could relieve the state of insulin resistance in IR-HepG2 cells. The combination could more significantly increase the glucose consumption and intracellular glycogen content, and improve the activity of hexokinase and pyruvate kinase in IR-HepG2 cells. In summary, DRE and its combination with RAE can be developed as the drugs or functional foods for diabetes prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Li
- School of ForestryNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Jiayuan Luo
- School of ForestryNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Yangyang Chai
- School of ForestryNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
- Key Laboratory of Forest Food Resources Utilization of Heilongjiang ProvinceHarbinChina
| | - Yang Guo
- School of ForestryNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Yang Tianzhi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional ScienceUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada
| | - Yihong Bao
- School of ForestryNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
- Key Laboratory of Forest Food Resources Utilization of Heilongjiang ProvinceHarbinChina
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Zhao M, Yu Y, Wang R, Chang M, Ma S, Qu H, Zhang Y. Mechanisms and Efficacy of Chinese Herbal Medicines in Chronic Kidney Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:619201. [PMID: 33854427 PMCID: PMC8039908 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.619201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As the current treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is limited, it is necessary to seek more effective and safer treatment methods, such as Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs). In order to clarify the modern theoretical basis and molecular mechanisms of CHMs, we reviewed the knowledge based on publications in peer-reviewed English-language journals, focusing on the anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, anti-apoptotic, autophagy-mediated and antifibrotic effects of CHMs commonly used in kidney disease. We also discussed recently published clinical trials and meta-analyses in this field. Based on recent studies regarding the mechanisms of kidney disease in vivo and in vitro, CHMs have anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, anti-apoptotic, autophagy-mediated, and antifibrotic effects. Several well-designed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses demonstrated that the use of CHMs as an adjuvant to conventional medicines may benefit patients with CKD. Unknown active ingredients, low quality and small sample sizes of some clinical trials, and the safety of CHMs have restricted the development of CHMs. CHMs is a potential method in the treatment of CKD. Further study on the mechanism and well-conducted RCTs are urgently needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CHMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Rumeng Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Meiying Chang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sijia Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Qu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Almatroodi SA, Alnuqaydan AM, Babiker AY, Almogbel MA, Khan AA, Husain Rahmani A. 6-Gingerol, a Bioactive Compound of Ginger Attenuates Renal Damage in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats by Regulating the Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13030317. [PMID: 33670981 PMCID: PMC7997342 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of present study is to investigate the role of 6-gingerol in ameliorating the renal injury in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The diabetes was induced by using a single dose of freshly prepared STZ (55 mg/kg body weight) intraperitoneally which causes the degeneration of pancreatic Langerhans islet β-cells. The diabetic rats were treated with oral gavage of 6-gingerol (10 mg/kg b.w.). The treatment plan was continued for 8 weeks successively and the body weight and fasting blood glucose levels were weekly checked. The biochemical parameters like lipid profile, kidney profile, antioxidant enzyme levels, lipid peroxidation and anti-inflammatory marker levels were investigated after the treatment plant. The pathological condition of kidneys was examined by haematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining besides this analysis of NF-κB protein expression by immuno-histochemistry was performed. Some of the major parameters in diabetes control vs. normal control were reported as fasting blood glucose (234 ± 10 vs. 102 ± 8 mg/dL), serum creatinine (109.7 ± 7.2 vs. 78.9 ± 4.5 μmol/L) and urea (39.9 ± 1.8 vs. 18.6 mg/dL), lipid profile levels were significantly enhanced in diabetic rats. Moreover, diabetic rats were marked with decreased antioxidant enzyme levels and increased inflammatory markers. Treatment with 6-gingerol significantly restored the fasting blood glucose level, hyperlipidaemia, Malondialdehyde (MDA) and inflammatory marker levels, NF-κB protein expression and augmented the antioxidant enzyme levels in the kidneys of diabetic rats. The kidney damage was significantly normalized by the treatment of 6-gingerol and it provides an evidence that this novel compound plays a significant role in the protection of kidney damage. These findings demonstrate that 6-gingerol reduces lipid parameters, inflammation and oxidative stress in diabetic rats, thereby inhibiting the renal damage. Our results demonstrate that use of 6-gingerol could be a novel therapeutic approach to prevent the kidney damage associated with the diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh A. Almatroodi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.); (A.Y.B.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Abdullah M. Alnuqaydan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ali Yousif Babiker
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.); (A.Y.B.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Mashael Abdullah Almogbel
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.); (A.Y.B.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Amjad Ali Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Arshad Husain Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.); (A.Y.B.); (M.A.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-16-3800050 (ext. 15477)
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Tong Y, Zhang L, Gong R, Shi J, Zhong L, Duan X, Zhu Y. A ROS-scavenging multifunctional nanoparticle for combinational therapy of diabetic nephropathy. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:23607-23619. [PMID: 33210670 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr06098d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although synergistic therapy for diabetes mellitus has displayed significant promise for the effective treatment of diabetic nephropathy (DN), developing a simple and effective strategy to construct multifunctional nanoparticles is still a huge challenge. Moreover, the complicated pathological mechanism of DN involves various pathway dysfunctions that limit the effectiveness of a single therapeutic approach. Herein, hollow mesoporous silica nanocomposite (HMSN) particles doped with trace cerium oxide that exhibit renoprotective activity have been designed, which not only have the ability to prevent ROS-associated DN pathogenesis but also have high drug loading capacity. Interestingly, the metformin (MET) loaded multifunctional nanoparticles (MET-HMSN-CeO2) with a special size exhibited significantly increased kidney accumulation over free MET. Moreover, the cyclic conversion between Ce3+ and Ce4+ of mixed-valence ceria in our system provides the possibility for long-term ROS-scavenging activity to achieve the antioxidative effect. Then, we investigated the renoprotective effect of these nanoparticles on the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced renal injury rat model and high-glucose induced NRK-52E cell damage model. As a result, our findings demonstrated that the nanoparticles could alleviate the DN symptoms by mitigating oxidative stress, suppressing cellular apoptosis and protecting renal injury both in vitro and in vivo. The kidney deficits of DN are significantly improved after treatment with MET-HMSN-CeO2. Overall, our studies indicated that the MET-HMSN-CeO2 multifunctional nanoparticles would be a promising therapeutic candidate for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Tong
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China.
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Ethyl Vanillin Protects against Kidney Injury in Diabetic Nephropathy by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:2129350. [PMID: 31781325 PMCID: PMC6875338 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2129350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis is regarded as a critical role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Treating diabetes-induced kidney damage and renal dysfunction has been thought a promising therapeutic option to attenuate the development and progression of DN. In this study, we investigated the renoprotective effect of ethyl vanillin (EVA), an active analogue of vanillin isolated from vanilla beans, on streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced rat renal injury model and high glucose-induced NRK-52E cell model. The EVA treatment could strongly improve the deterioration of renal function and kidney cell apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, treating with EVA significantly decreased the level of MDA and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and stabilized antioxidant enzyme system in response to oxidative stress by enhancing the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, EVA also markedly suppressed cleaved caspase-3, Bax, and nuclear transcription factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) expression in STZ-induced rats. Therefore, these results of our investigation provided that EVA might protect against kidney injury in DN by inhibiting oxidative stress and cell apoptosis.
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Zhang YY, Tan RZ, Zhang XQ, Yu Y, Yu C. Calycosin Ameliorates Diabetes-Induced Renal Inflammation via the NF-κB Pathway In Vitro and In Vivo. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:1671-1678. [PMID: 30830898 PMCID: PMC6413560 DOI: 10.12659/msm.915242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN), which is one of the primary causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), is increasingly diagnosed in patients due to the continuous increase in the prevalence of diabetic mellitus (DM). Astragali Radix, a traditional Chinese herb, is widely administrated to ameliorate the symptoms of diabetes and diabetic nephropathy, but its mechanism is still not yet fully defined. Calycosin (C₁₆H₁₂O₅) is the major active component of Astragali Radix. In this study, we analyzed the role of calycosin in diabetic nephropathy and explored its underlying mechanism. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cell activation, inflammatory cytokines expression and secretion, and protein levels were analyzed in cultured mouse tubular epithelial cells (mTEC). db/db mice were intraperitoneally injected with 10 mg/(kg·d) calycosin or control saline for 4 weeks, followed by analysis of structure injury, inflammation, and NF-κB signaling activity. RESULTS Our results indicated that TNF-α and IL-1β were significantly induced by advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), but calycosin remarkably reduced the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β in the cultured mouse tubular epithelial cells (mTEC). Calycosin effectively alleviated kidney injury in diabetic kidneys of db/db mice during the progression of diabetic renal injury, indicated by the reduction of histological injury and immunohistochemical of inflammatory cytokines. Mechanistically, we identified calycosin inhibited diabetes-induced inflammation in kidneys by suppressing the phosphorylation of IKBa and NF-κB p65 in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Calycosin significantly ameliorated diabetes-induced renal inflammation in diabetic renal injury by inhibition of the NF-κB-dependent signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Rui-Zhi Tan
- Research Center of Combined Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Xiao-Qin Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Chen Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
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12
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Zhang ZY, Miao LF, Qian LL, Wang N, Qi MM, Zhang YM, Dang SP, Wu Y, Wang RX. Molecular Mechanisms of Glucose Fluctuations on Diabetic Complications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:640. [PMID: 31620092 PMCID: PMC6759481 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates the occurrence and development of diabetic complications relates to not only constant high plasma glucose, but also glucose fluctuations which affect various kinds of molecular mechanisms in various target cells and tissues. In this review, we detail reactive oxygen species and their potentially damaging effects upon glucose fluctuations and resultant downstream regulation of protein signaling pathways, including protein kinase C, protein kinase B, nuclear factor-κB, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. A deeper understanding of glucose-fluctuation-related molecular mechanisms in the development of diabetic complications may enable more potential target therapies in future.
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Wen Y, Yan M, Zhang B, Li P. Chinese medicine for diabetic kidney disease in China. Nephrology (Carlton) 2017; 22 Suppl 4:50-55. [PMID: 29155500 DOI: 10.1111/nep.13149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Wen
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Science; China-Japan Friendship Hospital; Beijing China
| | - Meihua Yan
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Science; China-Japan Friendship Hospital; Beijing China
| | - Bingxuan Zhang
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Science; China-Japan Friendship Hospital; Beijing China
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Science; China-Japan Friendship Hospital; Beijing China
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14
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Ying C, Zhou X, Chang Z, Ling H, Cheng X, Li W. Blood glucose fluctuation accelerates renal injury involved to inhibit the AKT signaling pathway in diabetic rats. Endocrine 2016; 53:81-96. [PMID: 26860515 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-016-0867-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Blood glucose fluctuation is associated with diabetic nephropathy. However, the mechanism by which blood glucose fluctuation accelerates renal injury is not fully understood. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of blood glucose fluctuation on diabetic nephropathy in rats and investigate its underlying mechanism. Diabetes in the rats was induced by a high sugar, high-fat diet, and a single dose of STZ (35 mg/kg)-injected intraperitoneally. Unstable blood sugar models were induced by subcutaneous insulin injection and intravenous glucose injection alternately. Body weight, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbAlc), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr), and Creatinine clearance (Ccr) were assessed. T-SOD activity and MDA level were measured by assay kit. Change in renal tissue ultrastructure was observed by light microscopy and electron microscopy. Phosphorylated ser/thr protein kinase (p-AKT) (phosphor-Ser473), phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (p-GSK-3β) (phosphor-Ser9), Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX), B cell lymphoma/leukemia 2 (BCL-2), and cleaved-cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-3 (caspase-3) levels were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. We observed that BUN and Scr were increased in diabetic rats, and Ccr was decreased. Furthermore, blood glucose fluctuations could exacerbate the Ccr changes. Renal tissue ultrastructure was also seriously injured by glucose variability in diabetic rats. In addition, glucose fluctuation increased the oxidative stress of renal tissue. Moreover, fluctuating blood glucose decreased p-AKT level and BCL-2, and increased p-GSK-3β, BAX, cleaved-caspase-3 levels, and ratio of BAX/BCL-2 in the kidneys of diabetic rats. In conclusion, these results suggest that blood glucose fluctuation accelerated renal injury is due, at least in part to its oxidative stress promoting and inhibiting the AKT signaling pathway in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjiang Ying
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhou
- Laboratory of Morphology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhen Chang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Ling
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingbo Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Liu JY, Chen XX, Tang SCW, Sze SCW, Feng YB, Lee KF, Zhang KYB. Chinese medicines in the treatment of experimental diabetic nephropathy. Chin Med 2016; 11:6. [PMID: 26913057 PMCID: PMC4765093 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-016-0075-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a severe micro vascular complication accompanying diabetes mellitus that affects millions of people worldwide. End-stage renal disease occurs in nearly half of all DN patients, resulting in large medical costs and lost productivity. The course of DN progression is complicated, and effective and safe therapeutic strategies are desired. While the complex nature of DN renders medicines with a single therapeutic target less efficacious, Chinese medicine, with its holistic view targeting the whole system of the patient, has exhibited efficacy for DN management. This review aims to describe the experimental evidence for Chinese medicines in DN management, with an emphasis on the underlying mechanisms, and to discuss the combined use of herbs and drugs in DN treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yi Liu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xin Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Sydney Chi-Wai Tang
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Stephen Cho-Wing Sze
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Bin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai-Fai Lee
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kalin Yan-Bo Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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16
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Li CY, Song HT, Liu SJ, Wang Q, Dai GL, Ding XS, Ju WZ. Systematic screening and characterization of astragalosides in an oral solution of Radix Astragali by liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and Peakview software. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:1099-109. [PMID: 27027590 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201501278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry coupled with automated data analysis by Peakview software was employed to systematically screen and characterize the astragalosides in Radix Astragali, a Chinese medical preparation. The separation was performed on a poroshell 120 SB-C18 column equipped in a conventional liquid chromatography system. After being separated using a general gradient elution, the analytes were detected by the triple quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer in both positive- and negative-ion modes. The mass defect filtering function built in the Peakview software was utilized to rapidly screen the potential ions of interest, while some functions of Peakview such as Formula Finder, XIC manager, and IDA Explorer were employed to facilitate the assignment or characterization of the screened astragalosides. A total of 42 astragalosides were screened and tentatively characterized or assigned, and 20 of them were firstly detected in Radix Astragali. According to the screened astragalosides, acetylation, glycosidation, hydrogenation, oxidation, and hydration were considered to be the major secondary metabolic pathways involved in the formation of the astragalosides. The combination of liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and automated Peakview analysis is a feasible and efficient tool to screen and identify the constituents in complex matrices of herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Yin Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui-Ting Song
- School of pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shi-Jia Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Guo-Liang Dai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuan-Sheng Ding
- School of pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Zheng Ju
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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17
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Shahzad M, Small DM, Morais C, Wojcikowski K, Shabbir A, Gobe GC. Protection against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in kidney epithelium by Angelica and Astragalus. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 179:412-9. [PMID: 26719285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Astragalus membranaceus either alone or in combination with Angelica sinensis has been used traditionally for kidney disease in East Asia and China for thousands of years. Previous studies using in vivo animal models have shown the benefits of these medicinal herbs in kidney diseases that involve oxidative stress. However, the mechanisms by which these medicinal herbs protect kidney cells remain largely unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the mechanisms by which ethanol, methanol and aqueous crude extracts of roots of A. membranaceus and A. sinensis afford protection to human kidney proximal tubular epithelial cells, using an in vitro model of oxidative stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ethanol, methanol and aqueous extracts of roots of A. membranaceus and A. sinensis were prepared by a three-solvent sequential process. HK2 human kidney proximal tubular epithelial cells were treated with H2O2 alone (0.5mM) or in combination with different concentrations of extracts. Cell mitosis and death (microscopy) and cell viability (MTT assay) were compared. Western immunoblot was used to study expression of apoptosis-related proteins (pro-apoptotic Bax andanti-apoptotic Bcl-XL), and cell survival (NFκB subunits p65 and p50), pro-inflammatory (TNF-α) and protective (TGFβ1) proteins. RESULTS H2O2-induced oxidative stress significantly increased apoptosis and reduced cell survival; upregulated pro-apoptotic and down-regulated Bcl-XL; increased NFκB (p65, p50); increased TNFα and decreased TGFβ1. All changes indicated kidney damage and dysfunction. All were modulated by all extracts of both plant species, except for NFκB which was only modulated by extracts of A. membranaceus. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, in a model of oxidative stress that might occur after nephrotoxicity, the plant extracts were protective via anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahzad
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia; Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - David M Small
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Christudas Morais
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ken Wojcikowski
- Department of Natural and Complementary Medicine, Southern Cross University, Lismore, Australia
| | - Arham Shabbir
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Glenda C Gobe
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.
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18
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Liu JY, Chen XX, Tang SCW, Lao LX, Sze SCW, Lee KF, Zhang KYB. Edible plants from traditional Chinese medicine is a promising alternative for the management of diabetic nephropathy. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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