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Terra MF, García-Arévalo M, Avelino TM, Degaki KY, de Carvalho M, Torres FR, Saito A, Figueira ACM. Obesity-Linked PPARγ Ser273 Phosphorylation Promotes Beneficial Effects on the Liver, despite Reduced Insulin Sensitivity in Mice. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13040632. [PMID: 37189379 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the removal of thiazolidinediones (TZDs) from the market, researchers have been exploring alternative anti-diabetic drugs that target PPARγ without causing adverse effects while promoting insulin sensitization by blocking serine 273 phosphorylation (Ser273 or S273). Nonetheless, the underlying mechanisms of the relationship between insulin resistance and S273 phosphorylation are still largely unknown, except for the involvement of growth differentiation factor (GDF3) regulation in the process. To further investigate potential pathways, we generated a whole organism knockin mouse line with a single S273A mutation (KI) that blocks the occurrence of its phosphorylation. Our observations of KI mice on different diets and feeding schedules revealed that they were hyperglycemic, hypoinsulinemic, presented more body fat at weaning, and presented an altered plasma and hepatic lipid profile, distinctive liver morphology and gene expression. These results suggest that total blockage of S273 phosphorylation may have unforeseen effects that, in addition to promoting insulin sensitivity, could lead to metabolic disturbances, particularly in the liver. Therefore, our findings demonstrate both the beneficial and detrimental effects of PPAR S273 phosphorylation and suggest selective modulation of this post translational modification is a viable strategy to treat type 2 diabetes.
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de Castro IC, Pequito DCT, Borghetti G, Yamaguchi AA, de Brito GAP, Yamazaki RK, Pôrto LCJ, Coimbra TM, Fernandes LC, Fernandez R. Obesity-like metabolic effects of high-carbohydrate or high-fat diets consumption in metabolic and renal functions. Arch Physiol Biochem 2021; 129:810-820. [PMID: 33502908 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1874019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Present study investigated which diet, high-carbohydrate (HCD) or high-fat (HFD), most effectively induces classical characteristics of obesity in mice. Mice were fed commercial chow (control), an HCD, or an HFD for 12 weeks. HFD and HCD increased body weight, fat mass, and glycaemia, whereas the HFD augmented insulinemia. In the kidney, the HFD caused albuminuria, and reductions in fractional Na+ excretion, Thromboxane B2 (TXB2) excretion, and urinary flow, whereas the HCD reduced glomerular filtration, plasma osmolality, and TXB2 and Prostaglandin E2 excretion. The consumption of HFD and HCD modified parameters that indicate histopathological changes, such as proliferation (proliferating-cell-nuclear antigen), inflammation (c-Jun N-terminal-protein), and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (vimentin, and desmin) in renal tissue, but the HCD group presents fewer signals of glomerular hypertrophy or tubule degeneration. In summary, the HCD generated the metabolic and renal changes required for an obesity model, but with a delay in the development of these modifications concerning the HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gina Borghetti
- Biodiversity Studies Centre, Federal University of Roraima (UFRR), Boa Vista, Brazil
| | - Adriana Aya Yamaguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | | | - Terezila Machado Coimbra
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Fernandez
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
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de Morais JMB, Cruz EMS, da Rosa CVD, Cesário RC, Comar JF, Moreira CCL, de Almeida Chuffa LG, Seiva FRF. Pterostilbene influences glycemia and lipidemia and enhances antioxidant status in the liver of rats that consumed sucrose solution. Life Sci 2021; 269:119048. [PMID: 33453246 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The present study investigated the potential effects of pterostilbene (PT) on glycemic and lipid profiles, fat storage, cardiovascular indices, and hepatic parameters of rats fed with sucrose solution. MAIN METHODS 24 male Wistar rats received either drinking water or a 40% sucrose solution over a period of 140 days. After this period, animals were randomly allocated into four groups (n = 6): Control (C), C + Pterostilbene (PT), Sucrose (S), and S + PT. Pterostilbene (40 mg/kg) was given orally for 45 consecutive days. KEY FINDINGS Pterostilbene did not influence morphometric and nutritional parameters. The insulin sensitivity index TyG was elevated in the C + PT group (p < 0.01) and reduced in S + PT group (p < 0.05). Basal glucose levels were lower in the S + PT group (p < 0.05), and the glycemic response was improved with PT treatment in glucose provocative tests. Conversely, rats from the C + PT group showed impaired glucose disposal during those tests. Lipid profile was partially improved by PT treatment. Hepatic oxidative stress in the S group was improved after PT treatment. In the C group, PT reduced SOD activity, glutathione levels, and increased catalase activity. Collagen content was reduced by PT treatment. SIGNIFICANCE PT effects depends on the type of diet the animals were submitted. In rats fed with sucrose-solution, PT confirmed its positive effects, improving glucose and lipid profile, and acting as a potent antioxidant. The effects of PT on rats that consumed a normal diet were very discrete or even undesirable. We suggest caution with indiscriminate consume of natural compounds by healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ellen Mayara Souza Cruz
- Post Graduation Program of Experimental Pathology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Carlos Vinícius Dalto da Rosa
- Department of Biology, Biological Science Center, Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná - UENP, Luiz Meneghel Campus, Bandeirantes, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Roberta Carvalho Cesário
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luiz Gustavo de Almeida Chuffa
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio Rodrigues Ferreira Seiva
- Department of Biology, Biological Science Center, Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná - UENP, Luiz Meneghel Campus, Bandeirantes, Paraná, Brazil; Post Graduation Program of Experimental Pathology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Paraná, Brazil.
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Abe T, Yamamoto S, Konishi T, Takahashi Y, Oishi K. Maternal fish oil supplementation ameliorates maternal high-fructose diet-induced dyslipidemia in neonatal mice with suppression of lipogenic gene expression in livers of postpartum mice. Nutr Res 2020; 82:34-43. [PMID: 32950780 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Maternal fructose consumption during pregnancy and lactation is associated with metabolic dysregulation in offspring. We tested the hypothesis that fish oil (FO) supplementation during pregnancy and lactation improves fructose-induced metabolic dysregulation in postpartum dams and offspring mice. We therefore aimed to determine the effects of FO supplementation on metabolic disruption in neonatal mice and dams induced by a maternal high-fructose diet (HFrD). The weight of the offspring of dams fed with HFrD on postnatal day 5 was significantly low, but this was reversed by adding FO to the maternal diet. Feeding dams with HFrD significantly increased plasma concentrations of triglycerides, uric acid, and total cholesterol, and decreased free fatty acid concentrations in offspring. Maternal supplementation with FO significantly suppressed HFrD-induced hypertriglyceridemia and hyperuricemia in the offspring. Maternal HFrD induced remarkable mRNA expression of the lipogenic genes Srebf1, Fasn, Acc1, Scd1, and Acly in the postpartum mouse liver without affecting hepatic and plasma lipid levels. Although expression levels of lipogenic genes were higher in the livers of postpartum dams than in those of nonmated mice, HFrD feeding increased the hepatic lipid accumulation in nonmated mice but not in postpartum dams. These findings suggest that although hepatic lipogenic activity is higher in postpartum dams than nonmated mice, the lipid consumption is enhanced in postpartum dams during pregnancy and lactation. Maternal FO supplementation obviously suppressed the expression of these lipogenic genes. These findings coincide with reduced plasma triglyceride concentrations in the offspring. Therefore, dietary FO apparently ameliorated maternal HFrD-induced dyslipidemia in offspring by suppressing maternal lipogenic gene expression and/or neonatal plasma levels of uric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Abe
- Healthy Food Science Research Group, Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.
| | - Saori Yamamoto
- Healthy Food Science Research Group, Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Konishi
- Maruha Nichiro Corporation, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-4295, Japan.
| | | | - Katsutaka Oishi
- Healthy Food Science Research Group, Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan; Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; Department of Computational and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan; School of Integrative and Global Majors (SIGMA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan.
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Souza Cruz EM, Bitencourt de Morais JM, Dalto da Rosa CV, da Silva Simões M, Comar JF, de Almeida Chuffa LG, Seiva FRF. Long-term sucrose solution consumption causes metabolic alterations and affects hepatic oxidative stress in Wistar rats. Biol Open 2020; 9:bio047282. [PMID: 32086249 PMCID: PMC7055397 DOI: 10.1242/bio.047282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As the number of overweight and obese people has risen in recent years, there has been a parallel increase in the number of people with metabolic syndrome, diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The consumption of artificially sweetened beverages contributes to these epidemics. This study investigated the long-term effects of ingestion of a 40% sucrose solution on serum and hepatic parameters in male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). After 180 days, the glycemic response, lipid profile and hepatic oxidative stress were compared to those of rats maintained on water. Sucrose ingestion led to higher body weight, increased fat deposits, reduced voluntary food intake and reduced feeding efficiency. Rats that received sucrose solution showed early signs of glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, such as hyperinsulinemia. Serum triacylglycerol (TG), very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL), cholesterol, ALT and AST levels increased after sucrose consumption. Elevated malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels and reduced glutathione levels characterize the hepatic oxidative stress due to sucrose ingestion. Liver sample histology showed vacuolar traces and increased fibrotic tissue. Our data showed the harmful effects of chronic consumption of sucrose solution, which can cause alterations that are found frequently in obesity, glucose intolerance and non-alcoholic hepatic disease, characteristics of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Mayara Souza Cruz
- Department of Biology, Biological Science Center, Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná - UENP, Luiz Meneghel Campus, Bandeirantes, 8630-000 Paraná, Brazil
| | - Juliana Maria Bitencourt de Morais
- Department of Biology, Biological Science Center, Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná - UENP, Luiz Meneghel Campus, Bandeirantes, 8630-000 Paraná, Brazil
| | - Carlos Vinícius Dalto da Rosa
- Department of Biology, Biological Science Center, Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná - UENP, Luiz Meneghel Campus, Bandeirantes, 8630-000 Paraná, Brazil
| | - Mellina da Silva Simões
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Estadual de Maringá - UEM, Maringá, 87020-900 Paraná, Brazil
| | - Jurandir Fernando Comar
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Estadual de Maringá - UEM, Maringá, 87020-900 Paraná, Brazil
| | - Luiz Gustavo de Almeida Chuffa
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Botucatu, 18618-689 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio Rodrigues Ferreira Seiva
- Department of Biology, Biological Science Center, Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná - UENP, Luiz Meneghel Campus, Bandeirantes, 8630-000 Paraná, Brazil
- Post Graduation Program of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, 86057-970 Paraná, Brazil
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de Melo AF, Moreira CCL, Sales CF, Rentz T, Raposo HF, Garófalo MAR, Botion LM, Kettelhut IDC, de Oliveira HCF, Chaves VE. Increase in liver cytosolic lipases activities and VLDL-TAG secretion rate do not prevent the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in cafeteria diet-fed rats. Biochimie 2018; 150:16-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Rodrigues AH, Moreira CCL, Neves MJ, Botion LM, Chaves VE. Replacement of soybean oil by fish oil increases cytosolic lipases activities in liver and adipose tissue from rats fed a high-carbohydrate diets. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 56:74-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Moreira CCL, Lourenço FC, Mario ÉG, Santos RAS, Botion LM, Chaves VE. Long-term effects of angiotensin-(1-7) on lipid metabolism in the adipose tissue and liver. Peptides 2017; 92:16-22. [PMID: 28438644 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The angiotensin (Ang) converting enzyme 2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis has been described to have a beneficial role on metabolic disorders. In the present study, the use of a transgenic rat model that chronically overexpresses Ang-(1-7) enabled us to investigate the chronic effects of this peptide on lipid accumulation in the liver and adipose tissue. The transgenic group showed a marked tendency toward increased expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and decreased lipoprotein lipase (LPL) expression and activity in epididymal adipose tissue. We also showed that Mas receptor-knockout mice had decreased PPARγ expression in adipose tissue, accompanied by an increase in LPL activity. These results confirm the regulation of adipose tissue LPL activity by Ang-(1-7) and suggest that this occurs independent of PPARγ expression. The reduced adiposity index of transgenic rats, due to the effect of Ang-(1-7), was accompanied by a decrease in lipogenesis. These findings suggest a direct effect of Ang-(1-7) on lipogenesis, independent of the stimulatory effect of insulin. Furthermore, the decreased concentration of triacylglycerol in the liver of transgenic rats may result from increased activity of cytosolic lipases and decreased fatty acid uptake from the adipose tissue, determined from fatty acid-binding protein expression, and hepatic de novo fatty acid synthesis, evaluated by fatty acid synthase expression. The data clearly show that Ang-(1-7) regulates lipid metabolism in the adipose tissue and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Campos Lima Moreira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Cesário Lourenço
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Érica Guilhen Mario
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Robson Augusto Souza Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Leida Maria Botion
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Valéria Ernestânia Chaves
- Laboratory of Physiology, Federal University of São João del-Rei, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Cardoso FS, Araujo-Lima CF, Aiub CA, Felzenszwalb I. Exposure to sorbitol during lactation causes metabolic alterations and genotoxic effects in rat offspring. Toxicol Lett 2016; 260:36-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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