1
|
Karczewska-Kupczewska M, Stefanowicz M, Nikołajuk A, Strączkowski M. Weight-Reducing Dietary Intervention Increases the Ability of Hyperinsulinemia to Suppress Serum Ghrelin Concentration in Individuals with Obesity. J Nutr 2024; 154:1631-1639. [PMID: 38159811 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ghrelin is an orexigenic peptide secreted mainly by the stomach. Serum ghrelin concentrations are suppressed after a meal, probably due to insulin release. Individuals with obesity are characterized by a lower fasting serum ghrelin and a lower ghrelin decrease after a meal. The effect of weight loss on the ability of insulin to suppress serum ghrelin concentration remains unknown. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of weight-reducing dietary intervention on the ability of hyperinsulinemia to suppress serum ghrelin concentration in young individuals with uncomplicated obesity. METHODS We examined 38 individuals with marked overweight or obesity, who underwent a 12-wk dietary intervention program. Serum ghrelin concentration was measured before and after a 2-h hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, both pre- and post-intervention. Twenty normal-weight individuals served as a control group and were examined at baseline only. RESULTS Individuals with overweight/obesity were characterized by a lower fasting serum ghrelin concentration than normal-weight individuals (P = 0.006). Insulin decreased serum ghrelin concentration in both groups (P < 0.001); however, this decrease was markedly lower in individuals with overweight/obesity than in normal-weight individuals (99.70 ± 136.37 vs. 215.45 ± 250.28 pg/mL; P = 0.026). Fasting serum ghrelin concentration increased after the intervention. After weight-reducing dietary intervention, the decrease in serum ghrelin concentration after the clamp was significantly greater than the pre-intervention value (99.70 ± 136.37 vs. 221.82 ± 228.75 pg/mL; P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Weight-reducing dietary intervention restores the ability of hyperinsulinemia to suppress serum ghrelin concentration. It may suggest an enhanced feeling of satiety after moderate weight loss in individuals with overweight/obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Agnieszka Nikołajuk
- Department of Prophylaxis of Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Marek Strączkowski
- Department of Prophylaxis of Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Strączkowski M, Stefanowicz M, Nikołajuk A, Karczewska-Kupczewska M. Subcutaneous adipose tissue circadian gene expression: Relationship with insulin sensitivity, obesity, and the effect of weight-reducing dietary intervention. Nutrition 2023; 115:112153. [PMID: 37515923 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The circadian rhythms are controlled by the central clock in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei and by the peripheral clocks in tissues, including adipose tissue. The adipose tissue circadian clock may be associated with the regulation of insulin action; however, human data are limited. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of subcutaneous adipose tissue circadian genes as they relate to obesity and insulin sensitivity before and after diet-induced weight loss. METHODS The study group comprised 38 individuals who were overweight or obese. The individuals completed a 12-wk dietary intervention program. Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp and subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsy were performed before and after the program. Sixteen normal weight individuals were examined at baseline and served as a control group. RESULTS At baseline, individuals who were overweight/obese had lower adipose tissue expression of NR1D1, NR1D2, DBP, PER1, and PER2 than normal weight individuals. The expression of ARNTL, CLOCK, and CRY did not differ between the groups. A weight-reducing dietary intervention resulted in an increase in the expression of adipose tissue NR1D2 and DBP, which was positively related to insulin sensitivity both before (in the entire study group and in the subgroup of overweight/obese individuals) and after the dietary intervention. CONCLUSIONS Adipose tissue circadian gene expression is decreased in obesity and this decrease may be partially reversed by dietary intervention. Among circadian genes, NR1D2 and DBP seem to be specifically associated with insulin action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Strączkowski
- Department of Prophylaxis of Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Stefanowicz
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Nikołajuk
- Department of Prophylaxis of Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chang G, Li Y, Jiang Y, Wang C, Liu X. Mediation effect of JAK2 methylation on the association between sitting time and abdominal obesity in rural adults. Eur J Clin Nutr 2023; 77:1093-1099. [PMID: 37582927 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-023-01316-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sitting time may affect health by altering the methylation of certain genes. This research aimed to estimate the association of sitting time with abdominal obesity and the role of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) methylation in the association among rural adults. METHODS A total of 1062 rural adults from the Henan Rural Cohort Study were included. Whole blood was used to extract genomic DNA. JAK2 DNA methylation level was assessed by MethylTargetTM. The logistic regression model was utilized to assess the association of sitting time with abdominal obesity, and the possible effect of JAK2 DNA methylation on the association were conducted by using mediation analyses. RESULTS Average time of sitting of participants was 7.28 ± 3.37 h/d. For per 1 h increment in sitting time, the odd ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of abdominal obesity was 1.153 (1.095, 1.214) after controlling potential risk factors. Simultaneously, the methylation levels of Chr9: 4985407 site and Chr9: 4985238-4985455 region were negatively correlated with abdominal obesity (OR: 0.549, 95% CI: 0.394, 0.765; OR: 0.189, 95% CI: 0.056, 0.640, respectively). Moreover, Chr9: 4985407 site and Chr9: 4985238-4985455 region methylation levels mediated the association of sitting time with abdominal obesity, and the indirect effects account for 6.78% and 4.24%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Longer sitting time was positively correlated with abdominal obesity in the rural population, and methylation level of JAK2 may be an underlying mediation of the effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaohua Chang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yuqian Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yujie Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Chongjian Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Xiaotian Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zeinabi A, Ghaedi H, Hosseini SA. Soluble Fiber Effect on Human Serum Leptin and Adiponectin: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis. Clin Nutr Res 2023; 12:320-335. [PMID: 37969941 PMCID: PMC10641331 DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2023.12.4.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Literature showed that soluble fiber has beneficial effects on cardiometabolic risk factors and leptin and adiponectin serum levels. Our aim in this meta-analysis was to determine the effect of soluble fiber supplementation on leptin and adiponectin serum levels. A systematic search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science for eligible trials up to December 2021. A random-effects model was used to pool calculated effect sizes. Our analysis showed that soluble fiber supplementation did not significantly affect adiponectin (standardized mean difference [SMD], -0.49 Hedges's, 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.20, 0.21, p value = 0.167; I2 = 95.4, p value < 0.001) and leptin (SMD, -0.8 Hedges's, 95% CI, -1.70, 0.08, p value = 0.076; I2 = 94.6, p value < 0.001) concentrations in comparison with placebo. However, in the subgroup, soluble fiber supplementation had a significant improvement in leptin concentration in overweight and obese patients (SMD, -0.22 Hedges's, 95% CI, -0.43, -0.01, p value = 0.048) and a non-significant beneficial effect in adiponectin level in female (SMD, 0.29 Hedges's, 95% CI, -0.13, 0.71, p value = 0.183) and diabetic patients (SMD, 0.32 Hedges's, 95% CI, -0.67, 1.32, p value = 0.526). A non-linear association between soluble fiber dosage and adiponectin (pnon-linearity < 0.001) was observed. Soluble fiber supplementation could not change the circulatory leptin and adiponectin levels. However, beneficial effects were seen in overweight and obese leptin, and increases in adiponectin may also be observed in female and diabetic patients. Further studies are needed to confirm this results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Zeinabi
- Department of Sport Physiology, Lamerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lamerd 14696-69191, Iran
| | - Hadi Ghaedi
- Department of Sport Physiology, Lamerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lamerd 14696-69191, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Hosseini
- Department of Sport Physiology, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht 73711-13119, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jabłonowska-Lietz B, Nowicka G, Włodarczyk M, Rejowski S, Stasiowska M, Wrzosek M. Initial Weight Loss, Anthropometric Parameters, and Proinflammatory Transcript Levels in Patients with Class I Obesity. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2304. [PMID: 37626800 PMCID: PMC10452077 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Research into early predictors of effective weight loss could help determine more effective therapeutic interventions. In this study, 106 subjects with class I obesity, genotyped with the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) rs9930506 gene variant, were enrolled into a 12-week weight loss program (WLP). Anthropometric and body composition measurements were controlled with bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) at baseline and after 4 and 12 weeks. Biopsies of abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (AT) and venous blood samples were collected to monitor changes in interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) mRNA levels in white blood cells (WBCs) and to assess if changes in WBC gene expression reflected changes in adipose tissue. The FTO rs9930506 variant had no effect on weight loss and no reduction in proinflammatory transcripts in WBCs or AT. Changes in anthropometric parameters were associated with changes in carbohydrate metabolism. A linear regression model showed that initial weight loss (after 4 weeks of the WLP) was the most predictive factor of weight loss success after 12 weeks of the WLP. Changes in plasma lipids or proinflammatory transcript levels in WBCs or AT were not associated with weight loss effectiveness. However, the gene expression in WBCs did reflect changes occurring in subcutaneous AT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beata Jabłonowska-Lietz
- Medical Center, National Institute of Public Health NIH—National Research Institute, 24 Chocimska St., 00-791 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grażyna Nowicka
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Center for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Włodarczyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Center for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sławomir Rejowski
- Liver and Internal Medicine Unit, Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, 1A Banacha St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Stasiowska
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, University College London Hospital, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Małgorzata Wrzosek
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Center for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bakker N, Hickey M, Shams R, Rivera CF, Vlahos J, Cense HA, Demirkiran A, Ramkhelawon B, Houdijk AP. Oral ω-3 PUFA supplementation modulates inflammation in adipose tissue depots in morbidly obese women: A randomized trial. Nutrition 2023; 111:112055. [PMID: 37182400 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Obesity is characterized by local and systemic low-grade inflammatory responses. Adipose tissue macrophages (ATM) play decisive roles in inflammation, insulin signaling, and various metabolic dysfunctions. Diets enriched with ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been shown to improve health and mitigate pathologic conditions. However, the effects of ω-3 PUFA on adipose tissue inflammation, ATM number, and phenotype are poorly defined in human obesity. The aim of this study was to examine differences in expression of metabolic-inflammatory markers in omental, mesenteric, and subcutaneous fat depots of obese women supplemented with ω-3 PUFAs for 4 wk compared with a low-calorie diet before bariatric surgery. METHODS In a randomized controlled trial, inflammatory markers in the abdominal adipose tissue and the systemic response in obese women were studied. Patients were treated with a 2-wk low-calorie diet (LCD) or a 4-wk ω-3 PUFA-enriched diet (920 mg eicosapentaenoic acid, 760 mg docosahexaenoic acid daily) before laparoscopic bypass surgery. Omental, mesenteric, and subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies were collected during surgery and analyzed for quantity and phenotype of ATMs, and profiled for adipokines, cytokines, and signal transduction molecules. RESULTS The chronic inflammatory state characterized by ATM markers was mostly improved by ω-3 PUFAs in visceral adipose tissue. We observed a decreased expression of CD45, CCL2, and CD68, indicating a lower inflammatory state. In patients with type 2 diabetes, ω-3 PUFAs lowered the expression of Netrin-1. CONCLUSIONS Compared with an LCD, a diet enriched with ω-3 PUFAs influences the inflammatory state in different adipose tissue depots, by affecting markers of adipose tissue inflammation, macrophage phenotype, and retention. However, this was not reflected in clinical parameters such as insulin resistance and inflammatory cytokines. Subcutaneous adipose tissue and visceral adipose tissue have different responses to an LCD or a ω-3 PUFA-enriched diet. The presence of diabetes modifies the expression of inflammatory markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Bakker
- Northwest Clinics, Department of Surgery, Alkmaar, The Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Surgery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Red Cross Hospital, Department of Surgery, Beverwijk, The Netherlands
| | - Meave Hickey
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cell Biology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States
| | - Rebecca Shams
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cell Biology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States
| | - Cristobal F Rivera
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cell Biology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States
| | - John Vlahos
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cell Biology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States
| | - Huib A Cense
- Red Cross Hospital, Department of Surgery, Beverwijk, The Netherlands
| | - Ahmet Demirkiran
- Red Cross Hospital, Department of Surgery, Beverwijk, The Netherlands
| | - Bhama Ramkhelawon
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cell Biology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States
| | - Alexander Pj Houdijk
- Northwest Clinics, Department of Surgery, Alkmaar, The Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Surgery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Red Cross Hospital, Department of Surgery, Beverwijk, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nikołajuk A, Stefanowicz M, Strączkowski M, Karczewska-Kupczewska M. Changes in Adipose Tissue Gene Expression of the Core Components of the Hippo Signaling Pathway in Young Adults with Uncomplicated Overweight or Obesity Following Weight Loss. J Nutr 2023; 153:665-672. [PMID: 36805181 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Appropriate adipogenesis leads to the "healthy" expansion of adipose tissue and is a crucial component in maintaining metabolic homeostasis. The Hippo signaling network may balance adipocyte proliferation/differentiation regulating adipogenic footpath. OBJECTIVES Our study aimed to assess subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) expression of genes involved in Hippo signaling network in subjects with marked overweight or obesity after dietary intervention (DI) in relation to obesity and insulin sensitivity. METHODS Forty overweight or obese subjects (O/O) [mean ± SD age 33 ± 7 y, 45% men, BMI (in kg/m2) 32.9 ± 3.1] completed DI [low-calorie diet (20 kcal/kg of proper body weight) for 12 wks]. The control group comprising 20 normal-weight subjects (mean ± SD age: 24 ± 2 y, 40% men, BMI: 22.4 ± 2.3 ) was examined at baseline only. Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp and SAT biopsy with gene expression analysis were performed. Student's t-test for unpaired and paired samples and Pearson correlation analysis were applied. This is an exploratory analysis of the DI program. RESULTS SAT mRNA expression of mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 2 (MST2) encoded by serine/threonine kinase 3 gene (STK3)-->, large tumor suppressor kinase 2 (LATS2), and salvador family WW domain containing protein 1 (SAV1), the upstream members of the Hippo pathway, were decreased (21%, 40%, and 36%, respectively) in O/O in comparison with weight subjects individuals before DI (all P < 0.05). At baseline, positive correlations between SAT SAV1, LATS2 expression and adiponectin (ADIPOQ) (r = 0.50, P < 0.001; r = 0.53, P = 0.004, respectively) and solute carrier family 2 member 4 (SLC2A4) (r = 0.35, P = 0.007; r = 0.28, P = 0.03, respectively) expression were observed in the entire study group. Body weight of the O/O group decreased during DI (11.2 ± 3.8 kg, P < 0.001), and there was an increase in insulin sensitivity (by 27%) and SAT expression of STK3, LATS2 (both by 19%), and SAV1 (by 26%) (all P < 0.05). After DI, SAT SLC2A4 expression was correlated with STK3 (r = 0.47, P = 0.003), LATS2 (r = 0.56, P < 0.001), and yes-associated protein (r = 0.50, P = 0.001) expression. CONCLUSIONS Obesity is associated with altered mRNA expression of upstream effectors of the Hippo pathway in SAT in young adults. DI may improve adipogenic capacity. J Nutr 20XX;xx:xx-xx.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Nikołajuk
- Department of Prophylaxis of Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Stefanowicz
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Marek Strączkowski
- Department of Prophylaxis of Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Canaan MM, Reis-Canaan JC, Zangerônimo MG, Andrade EF, Gonçalves TMSV, Pereira MCA, Lima RR, Pardi V, Murata RM, Pereira LJ. Yeast Beta-Glucans Ingestion Does Not Influence Body Weight: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Pre-Clinical Studies. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124250. [PMID: 34959802 PMCID: PMC8707765 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary fiber supplementation has been studied as a promising strategy in the treatment of obesity and its comorbidities. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to verify whether the consumption of yeast beta-glucan (BG) favors weight loss in obese and non-obese rodents. The PICO strategy was employed, investigating rodents (Population), subjected to the oral administration of yeast BG (Intervention) compared to animals receiving placebo (Comparison), evaluating body weight changes (Outcome), and based on preclinical studies (Study design). Two reviewers searched six databases and the grey literature. We followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, and the protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021267788). The search returned 2467 articles. Thirty articles were selected for full-text evaluation, and seven studies remained based on the eligibility criteria. The effects of BG intake on body weight were analyzed based on obese (n = 4 studies) and non-obese animals (n = 4 studies). Even though most studies on obese rodents (75%) indicated a reduction in body weight (qualitative analysis), the meta-analysis showed this was not significant (mean difference −1.35 g—95% CI −5.14:2.45). No effects were also observed for non-obese animals. We concluded that the ingestion of yeast BG barely affects the body weight of obese and non-obese animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo M. Canaan
- Health Sciences Department, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras BR-37200-000, Brazil; (M.M.C.); (J.C.R.-C.); (E.F.A.)
| | - Juliana C. Reis-Canaan
- Health Sciences Department, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras BR-37200-000, Brazil; (M.M.C.); (J.C.R.-C.); (E.F.A.)
| | - Márcio G. Zangerônimo
- Veterinary Science Department, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras BR-37200-000, Brazil;
| | - Eric F. Andrade
- Health Sciences Department, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras BR-37200-000, Brazil; (M.M.C.); (J.C.R.-C.); (E.F.A.)
- Agrarian Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Unaí BR-38610-000, Brazil
| | - Thais M. S. V. Gonçalves
- Dentistry Department, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis BR-88040-900, Brazil;
| | - Michel C. A. Pereira
- Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras BR-37200-000, Brazil;
| | - Renato R. Lima
- Department of Statistics, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras BR-37200-000, Brazil;
| | - Vanessa Pardi
- Department of Foundational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, East Carolina University (ECU), Greenville, NC 27834, USA;
| | - Ramiro M. Murata
- Department of Foundational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, East Carolina University (ECU), Greenville, NC 27834, USA;
- Correspondence: (R.M.M.); (L.J.P.); Tel.: +1-252-737-6960 (R.M.M.); +55-35-3829-5211 (L.J.P.)
| | - Luciano J. Pereira
- Health Sciences Department, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras BR-37200-000, Brazil; (M.M.C.); (J.C.R.-C.); (E.F.A.)
- Correspondence: (R.M.M.); (L.J.P.); Tel.: +1-252-737-6960 (R.M.M.); +55-35-3829-5211 (L.J.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Karczewska-Kupczewska M, Nikołajuk A, Stefanowicz M, Matulewicz N, Arnoriaga-Rodriguez M, Fernandez-Real JM, Strączkowski M. Novel Laboratory Index, Based on Fasting Blood Parameters, Accurately Reflects Insulin Sensitivity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e5208-e5221. [PMID: 34228124 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Simple and reliable measurement of insulin sensitivity may be important for the prevention of insulin-resistance-related diseases. Surrogate indices of insulin sensitivity are of limited utility in population without signs of metabolic syndrome. OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to provide simple and accurate index of insulin sensitivity. DESIGN The study group comprised 150 young healthy participants. Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp was performed. Regression models with different laboratory parameters were constructed. Validation cohort 1 comprised independent group of 110 subjects, including individuals with prediabetes and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Validation cohort 2 comprised 38 obese subjects before and after diet-induced weight loss. Validation cohort 3 comprised 60 nondiabetic subjects from an independent center. RESULTS The supervised principal component model established optimal set of variables correlated with insulin sensitivity. This model (Fasting Laboratory Assessment of Insulin Sensitivity [FLAIS]) used red blood cell count, alanine aminotransferase activity, serum C-peptide, SHBG, IGF-binding protein 1, and adiponectin concentrations. FLAIS exhibited strong correlation with clamp-derived insulin sensitivity. The sensitivity of the model was 90% and the specificity was 68%. In validation cohort 1, differences in FLAIS among the groups paralleled those observed with the clamp, with the lowest values in prediabetes and diabetes. In validation cohort 2, FLAIS reflected the change in insulin sensitivity after weight loss. The main findings were confirmed in validation cohort 3. CONCLUSION We provide simple and accurate method of assessing insulin sensitivity, which allows to identify insulin resistance even in the population without overt metabolic disturbances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Karczewska-Kupczewska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Białystok, 15-276 Białystok, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Nikołajuk
- Department of Prophylaxis of Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Magdalena Stefanowicz
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Natalia Matulewicz
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Maria Arnoriaga-Rodriguez
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital; Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona; and CIBERobn Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition, Girona, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Fernandez-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital; Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona; and CIBERobn Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition, Girona, Spain
| | - Marek Strączkowski
- Department of Prophylaxis of Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Vlassopoulou M, Yannakoulia M, Pletsa V, Zervakis GI, Kyriacou A. Effects of fungal beta-glucans on health - a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Food Funct 2021; 12:3366-3380. [PMID: 33876798 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00122a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Beta-glucans are polysaccharides that exhibit a wide range of biological properties as a result of their varying chemical composition. Like all dietary fibers, they avoid catabolism in the upper gastrointestinal tract, and they reach the large intestine undigested. There, they undergo fermentation by the gut microbiota, a process that has potential beneficial effects for the host. The aim of this systematic review is to assess the effects of consumption of beta-(1 → 3,1 → 6)-d-glucans, naturally found in the cell walls of fungi, on health outcomes. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was performed on PubMed, Cochrane Library and Web of Science to retrieve studies that applied randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to investigate the impact of exclusive oral administration of fungal beta-glucans in any form and at any dosage to healthy subjects or patients. RESULTS Thirty-four RCTs, of the 917 records retrieved in total, met the eligibility criteria and are included in the present review. The sources of fungal beta-glucans were Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aureobasidium pullulans, Pleurotus ostreatus, Lentinula edodes and Ganoderma lucidum, and the dosage of supplementation ranged from 2.5 to 1000 mg daily for up to 6.5 months. The primary physiological outcome of the majority of the interventions was immunomodulation, which resulted in (a) strengthened immune defense that reduces the incidence and symptoms of cold, flu and other respiratory infections and (b) improvement of allergic symptoms. However, the findings on the induction of immune response alterations were inconsistent at the cellular and molecular levels. Another aspect is psychological wellbeing, as the cohorts that received the polysaccharides of interest reported improvement in their mood states as well as amelioration of overall wellbeing. At the same time, it might also be useful as a complementary agent to patients undergoing cancer therapies. Furthermore, supplements containing beta-(1 → 3,1 → 6)-d-glucan administered to overweight/obese adults might have the potential to decrease comorbid conditions associated with obesity. Notably, no adverse event causally related to glucans was recorded. CONCLUSIONS Supplementation with beta-(1 → 3,1 → 6)-d-glucans is well-tolerated, and health-promoting properties are manifested primarily through the potentiation of the immune system. More studies are required to confirm their additional beneficial effects, to establish the optimal dose, and to reveal the underlying molecular mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marigoula Vlassopoulou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Str., Kallithea 176 76, Greece. and Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., Athens 116 35, Greece
| | - Mary Yannakoulia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Str., Kallithea 176 76, Greece.
| | - Vasiliki Pletsa
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., Athens 116 35, Greece
| | - Georgios I Zervakis
- Laboratory of General and Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., Athens 118 55, Greece
| | - Adamantini Kyriacou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Str., Kallithea 176 76, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Straub RH. The memory of the fatty acid system. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 79:101049. [PMID: 32589906 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mental memory system has sensory memory, short-term memory, working memory, and long-term memory. Working memory "keeps things in mind in parallel" when performing complex tasks. Similar aspects can be found for immunological memory. However, there exists another one, the memory of the fatty acid system. This article shows sensory memory of the fatty acid system, which is the perception apparatus of small intestine enterocytes (CD36, SR-B1, FATP4, FABP1, FABP2) and hepatocytes. In these cells, the fatty acid short-term memory is located, consisting of a cytoplasmic lipid droplet cycle. Similar like a working memory in the brain, the short-term memory of enterocytes and hepatocytes use parallel processing and recourse to long-term fatty acid memory. The fatty acid long-term memory is far away from these primary points of uptake. It is located in the adipocyte and in cellular membranes. The process of building a fatty acid memory is described with constructs like sensing environmental material, encoding, consolidation, long-term storage, retrieval, re-encoding, re-consolidation, and renewed long-term storage. The article illustrates the dynamics of building a fatty acid memory, the information content of fatty acids including the code, the roles of fatty acids in the body, and a new understanding of the expression "you are what you eat". The memory of the fatty acid system, plays a decisive role in integrating environmental signals over time (diet and microbiome).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rainer H Straub
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Neuroendocrine Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Karczewska-Kupczewska M, Nikołajuk A, Stefanowicz M, Matulewicz N, Kowalska I, Strączkowski M. Serum and adipose tissue chemerin is differentially related to insulin sensitivity. Endocr Connect 2020; 9:360-369. [PMID: 32244224 PMCID: PMC7219139 DOI: 10.1530/ec-20-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to assess serum chemerin concentration and s.c. adipose tissue (SAT) chemerin expression in relation to insulin sensitivity and obesity in young healthy subjects. DESIGN We performed a cross-sectional study including 128 subjects, 44 with normal weight, 44 with overweight and 40 with obesity. METHODS Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp and SAT biopsy were performed. Next, 30 subjects with obesity underwent 12-week weight-reducing dietary intervention. RESULTS Serum chemerin was higher and SAT chemerin expression was lower in subjects with obesity in comparison with other groups. The relationship of serum chemerin with SAT expression and insulin sensitivity were positive in normal weight and overweight individuals, and negative in individuals with obesity. In the entire study population, serum chemerin was also positively related to hsCRP, serum fetuin A and alanine aminotransferase. SAT chemerin was positively related to insulin sensitivity, SAT insulin signaling and adipogenic genes. Weight loss decreased serum chemerin, whereas SAT chemerin increased in subjects with the highest increase in insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS Serum and SAT chemerin is differentially associated with insulin sensitivity and the relationship between serum chemerin and insulin sensitivity depends on adiposity. SAT chemerin is positively associated with insulin sensitivity across a wide range of BMIs and may be proposed as a biomarker of metabolically healthy SAT. Our results suggest that SAT is not the main source of serum chemerin in obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Karczewska-Kupczewska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
- Correspondence should be addressed to M Karczewska-Kupczewska:
| | - Agnieszka Nikołajuk
- Department of Prophylaxis of Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Magdalena Stefanowicz
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Natalia Matulewicz
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Irina Kowalska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Marek Strączkowski
- Department of Prophylaxis of Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jovanovski E, Mazhar N, Komishon A, Khayyat R, Li D, Blanco Mejia S, Khan T, Jenkins AL, Smircic-Duvnjak L, Sievenpiper JL, Vuksan V. Effect of viscous fiber supplementation on obesity indicators in individuals consuming calorie-restricted diets: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:101-112. [PMID: 32198674 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02224-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary fiber has played a consistent role in weight management, with efficacy potentially attributed to increased viscous fiber consumption. PURPOSE To summarize the effects of viscous fiber on body weight and other anthropometric parameters, along with a calorie-deficient diet, through a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane library were searched through July 24, 2019 for randomized controlled trials that assessed the effect of viscous fiber supplementation as part of a restricted calorie diet for ≥ 4 weeks relative to comparator diets. Data were pooled using the generic inverse-variance method with random-effects models and expressed as mean differences with 95% confidence intervals. Inter-study heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q and quantified with I2. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to evaluate the overall certainty of evidence. RESULTS Findings from 15 studies (n = 1347) showed viscous fiber supplementation significantly decreased body weight (- 0.81 kg [- 1.20, - 0.41]; p < 0.0001), BMI (- 0.25 kg/m2 [- 0.46, - 0.05]; p = 0.01), and body fat (- 1.39% [- 2.61, - 0.17]; p = 0.03), compared to control. No effect on waist circumference was found. The certainty of evidence was graded as "moderate" for body weight, BMI, and body fat based on downgrades for imprecision. Waist circumference was graded "low" for downgrades of inconsistency and imprecision. CONCLUSION Viscous fiber within a calorie-restricted diet significantly improved body weight and other markers of adiposity in overweight adults and those with additional risk factors for cardiovascular disease. This trial is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03257449. REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03257449.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Jovanovski
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B1X1, Canada.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nourah Mazhar
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B1X1, Canada.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Allison Komishon
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B1X1, Canada
| | - Rana Khayyat
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B1X1, Canada.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dandan Li
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B1X1, Canada.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sonia Blanco Mejia
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B1X1, Canada.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tauseef Khan
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B1X1, Canada.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alexandra L Jenkins
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B1X1, Canada
| | - Lea Smircic-Duvnjak
- Clinic for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases Vuk Vrhovac, University Hospital Merkur, University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - John L Sievenpiper
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B1X1, Canada.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vladimir Vuksan
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B1X1, Canada. .,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada. .,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Karczewska-Kupczewska M, Nikołajuk A, Majewski R, Filarski R, Stefanowicz M, Matulewicz N, Strączkowski M. Changes in adipose tissue lipolysis gene expression and insulin sensitivity after weight loss. Endocr Connect 2020; 9:90-100. [PMID: 31905163 PMCID: PMC6993275 DOI: 10.1530/ec-19-0507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin resistance is a major pathophysiological link between obesity and its metabolic complications. Weight loss (WL) is an effective tool to prevent obesity-related diseases; however, the mechanisms of an improvement in insulin sensitivity (IS) after weight-reducing interventions are not completely understood. The aim of the present study was to analyze the relationships between IS and adipose tissue (AT) expression of the genes involved in the regulation of lipolysis in obese subjects after WL. METHODS Fifty-two obese subjects underwent weight-reducing dietary intervention program. The control group comprised 20 normal-weight subjects, examined at baseline only. Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp and s.c. AT biopsy with subsequent gene expression analysis were performed before and after the program. RESULTS AT expression of genes encoding lipases (PNPLA2, LIPE and MGLL) and lipid-droplet proteins enhancing (ABHD5) and inhibiting lipolysis (PLIN1 and CIDEA) were decreased in obese individuals in comparison with normal-weight individuals. The group of 38 obese participants completed dietary intervention program and clamp studies, which resulted in a significant WL and an improvement in mean IS. However, in nine subjects from this group IS did not improve in response to WL. AT expression of PNPLA2, LIPE and PLIN1 increased only in the group without IS improvement. CONCLUSIONS Excessive lipolysis may prevent an improvement in IS during WL. The change in AT PNPLA2 and LIPE expression was a negative predictor of the change in IS after WL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Karczewska-Kupczewska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
- Correspondence should be addressed to M Karczewska-Kupczewska:
| | - Agnieszka Nikołajuk
- Department of Prophylaxis of Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Radosław Majewski
- Department of Prophylaxis of Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Remigiusz Filarski
- Department of Prophylaxis of Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Magdalena Stefanowicz
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Natalia Matulewicz
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Marek Strączkowski
- Department of Prophylaxis of Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Glad CAM, Svensson PA, Nystrom FH, Jacobson P, Carlsson LMS, Johannsson G, Andersson-Assarsson JC. Expression of GHR and Downstream Signaling Genes in Human Adipose Tissue-Relation to Obesity and Weight Change. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:1459-1470. [PMID: 30541116 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-01036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT GH is a strong regulator of metabolism. In obesity, both GH secretion and adipose tissue GHR gene expression are decreased. More detailed information on the regulation of GHR, STAT3/5, and downstream-regulated genes in human adipose tissue during diet-induced weight loss and weight gain is lacking. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate the gene expression patterns of GHR and the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway (JAK2, STAT3, STAT5A, and STAT5B) in human subcutaneous adipose tissue in relation to energy restriction and overfeeding. DESIGN, PATIENTS, AND INTERVENTIONS Tissue distribution was analyzed in a data set generated by RNA sequencing containing information on global expression in human tissues. Subcutaneous adipose tissue or adipocyte gene expression (measured by DNA microarrays) was investigated in the following settings: (i) individuals with obesity vs individuals with normal weight; (ii) energy restriction; and (iii) overfeeding. RESULTS GHR expression was decreased in subjects with obesity compared with subjects with normal weight (P < 0.001). It was increased in response to energy restriction and decreased in response to overfeeding (P = 0.015 and P = 0.030, respectively). STAT3 expression was increased in subjects with obesity (P < 0.001). It was decreased during energy restriction and increased during overfeeding (P = 0.004 and P = 0.006, respectively). STAT3-regulated genes showed an overall view of overexpression in obesity. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study have shown that GHR, STAT3, and STAT3-regulated genes are dynamically, and reciprocally, regulated at the tissue level in response to energy restriction and overfeeding, suggesting that GH signaling is perturbed in obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla A M Glad
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per-Arne Svensson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik H Nystrom
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Peter Jacobson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lena M S Carlsson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gudmundur Johannsson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johanna C Andersson-Assarsson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|