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Al Refaie A, Baldassini L, Mondillo C, De Vita M, Giglio E, Tarquini R, Gonnelli S, Caffarelli C. Vitamin D and Dyslipidemia: Is There Really a Link? A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:1144. [PMID: 38674837 PMCID: PMC11053479 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the interest in the extraskeletal effects of vitamin D is growing. In the literature, its several possible actions have been confirmed. Vitamin D seems to have a regulatory role in many different fields-inflammation, immunity, and the endocrine system-and many studies would demonstrate a possible correlation between vitamin D and cardiovascular disease. In this paper, we deepened the relationship between vitamin D and dyslipidemia by reviewing the available literature. The results are not entirely clear-cut: on the one hand, numerous observational studies suggest a link between higher serum vitamin D levels and a beneficial lipid profile, while on the other hand, interventional studies do not demonstrate a significant effect. Understanding the possible relationship between vitamin D and dyslipidemia may represent a turning point: another link between vitamin D and the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Al Refaie
- Section of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy (S.G.)
- Division of Internal Medicine I, San Giuseppe Hospital, 50053 Tuscany, Italy
| | - Leonardo Baldassini
- Section of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy (S.G.)
| | - Caterina Mondillo
- Section of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy (S.G.)
| | - Michela De Vita
- Section of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy (S.G.)
| | - Elisa Giglio
- Section of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy (S.G.)
| | - Roberto Tarquini
- Division of Internal Medicine I, San Giuseppe Hospital, 50053 Tuscany, Italy
| | - Stefano Gonnelli
- Section of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy (S.G.)
| | - Carla Caffarelli
- Section of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy (S.G.)
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Liu J, Zhang Y, Shi D, He C, Xia G. Vitamin D Alleviates Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Mitigating Oxidative Stress-Induced Pancreatic β-Cell Impairment. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2023; 131:656-666. [PMID: 37935388 DOI: 10.1055/a-2191-9969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common metabolic disorder with rising incidence worldwide. This study explored the anti-T2DM role of vitamin D, thereby providing novel therapeutic strategies. METHODS C57BL/6 J mice and MIN6 cells were used to induce in vivo T2DM and damaged β-cell models, respectively. Body weights, fasting blood glucose, and fasting insulin were measured in mice. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were conducted on mice. Lipid indices (TG, TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C) were detected in mouse serum. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to evaluate pancreatic tissue injury. ELISA was used to assess insulin and oxidative stress (OS) markers (MDA, GSH, and SOD) in mice and MIN6 cells. Production of ROS was detected in islet β-cells and MIN6 cells. Cell viability and apoptosis were evaluated using CCK-8 and flow cytometry, respectively. QRT-PCR and western blotting were used to detect pro-inflammatory factors (TNF-α and IL-6) and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) markers (CHOP and GRP78), respectively. RESULTS Vitamin D reduced body weights, fasting blood glucose, and insulin and ameliorated glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in T2DM mice. Besides, vitamin D decreased serum TG, TC, LDL-C, and increased HDL-C in T2DM mice. Vitamin D inhibited pancreatic histopathological injury, cell apoptosis, OS, and β-cell decline in T2DM mice. Moreover, vitamin D alleviated cell death, insufficient insulin secretion, inflammation, OS, and ERS in damaged MIN6 cells. Notably, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (an OS inhibitor) enhanced these effects of vitamin D. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D relieved T2DM symptoms by alleviating OS-induced β-cell impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yuanjun Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Derong Shi
- Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Gansu, China
| | - Cuihuan He
- Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Gansu, China
| | - Guanghao Xia
- Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Huang X, Yang Y, Jiang Y, Zhou Z, Zhang J. Association between vitamin D deficiency and lipid profiles in overweight and obese adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1653. [PMID: 37644450 PMCID: PMC10464009 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16447-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The association between vitamin D deficiency and lipid profiles in adults with overweight or obesity remains unclear and inconsistent. The aim of our study was to determine the relationship between lipid profiles and vitamin D deficiency in the overweight and obese adults. METHODS Four databases, including PubMed, the Web of Science, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library, were used to identify all studies on vitamin D status and lipid levels, including the serum levels of triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL). The Weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using random-effects models was used to assess the association between the lipid profile and vitamin D deficiency. RESULTS Twenty-one articles that included a total of 7952 adults with overweight or obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) were included. The overall results revealed that compared with the controls, individuals with vitamin D deficiency showed higher levels of TG (WMD = 15.01; 95%CI, 2.51-27.52) and TC (WMD = 8.61; 95%CI, 1.31-15.92). Moreover, vitamin D deficiency was related to an increased level of LDL (WMD = 6.12; 95%CI, 0.02-12.23). HDL level was inversely associated with the vitamin D deficiency status (WMD = -2.57; 95%CI, -4.26, -0.88). CONCLUSIONS Among the adults with overweight or obesity, the vitamin D deficient group displayed impaired lipid profiles, including increased TG, TC and LDL levels and reduced HDL level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Huang
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yingling Jiang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College CSU, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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Khoshnaw M, Dizaye K. Beneficial effects of vitamin D in the management of untreated hyperlipidemia in diabetic patients in Erbil, Iraq. PHARMACIA 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.69.e90908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is highly prevalent among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. As hyperlipidemia plays a major part in atherosclerosis development and progression, this occurrence is linked to a significantly raised risk of cardiovascular disease. This study aims to assess the effects of vitamin D supplementation on lipid parameters in T2DM patients with untreated hyperlipidemia. Thirty-five T2DM patients with hyperlipidemia and vitamin D deficiency were supplemented with vitamin D for three months. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D), calcium, lipid parameters, atherogenic indices, glucose, and HbA1c were recorded before and after the intervention. After supplementation, there was a statistically significant reduction in VLDL-C and triglycerides. Triglycerides showed a significant negative correlation with 25(OH)D. Atherogenic indices and HDL-C also improved significantly. Vitamin D supplementation had beneficial effects on the lipid profile of T2DM patients with untreated hyperlipidemia and vitamin D deficiency. Thus, vitamin D could be a valuable adjuvant therapy for these patients.
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Yin WJ, Yu LJ, Wu L, Zhang L, Li Q, Dai FC, Tao RX, Jiang XM, Zhu P. Adequate 25(OH)D moderates the relationship between dietary inflammatory potential and cardiovascular health risk during the second trimester of pregnancy. Front Nutr 2022; 9:952652. [PMID: 35967812 PMCID: PMC9372498 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.952652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pro-inflammatory diets play an important role in developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Vitamin D has been demonstrated to have an anti-inflammatory effect and promote cardiovascular health (CVH). However, it is unclear whether adequate vitamin D during pregnancy protects against poor CVH caused by pro-inflammatory diets. Objective To investigate the association of pro-inflammatory diets with the cardiovascular risk (CVR) among pregnant women and whether such association was modified by vitamin D status. Methods The study was based on a prospective birth cohort that included 3,713 pregnant women between 16 and 23 gestational weeks. In total, 25(OH)D concentrations and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were measured from the collected blood. The dietary inflammatory potential was evaluated using the empirical dietary inflammatory pattern (EDIP) score based on a validated food frequency questionnaire. Gestational CVR was evaluated using the CVR score based on five “clinical” CVR metrics, including body mass index, blood pressure, total cholesterol, glucose levels, and smoking status. Results The proportion of women with a CVR score >0 was 54.3%. We observed a positive association between the EDIP score and CVR score. Compared with the lowest quartile, the CVR score (β = −0.114, 95% CI, −0.217, −0.011) and hs-CRP levels (β = −0.280, 95% CI, −0.495, −0.065) were lower in the highest quartile (P for trend <0.05). Increased CVR connected with high EDIP score was observed only in women with 25(OH)D concentrations <50 nmol/L (RR = 1.85; 95% CI: 1.35, 2.54). Mediation analysis revealed that the proportion of association between the EDIP score and CVR score mediated by 25(OH)D was 28.7%, and the proportion of the association between 25(OH)D and the CVR score mediated by hs-CRP was 21.9%. Conclusion The higher dietary inflammatory potential was associated with an increased CVR during pregnancy by promoting inflammation. Adequate vitamin D could exert anti-inflammatory effects and modify such association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Jun Yin
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Li-Jun Yu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qiong Li
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fei-Cai Dai
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Rui-Xue Tao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hefei First People's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-Min Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Anhui Province Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Peng Zhu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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