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Valentine Y, Nikolajczyk BS. T cells in obesity-associated inflammation: The devil is in the details. Immunol Rev 2024. [PMID: 38767210 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Obesity presents a significant health challenge, affecting 41% of adults and 19.7% of children in the United States. One of the associated health challenges of obesity is chronic low-grade inflammation. In both mice and humans, T cells in circulation and in the adipose tissue play a pivotal role in obesity-associated inflammation. Changes in the numbers and frequency of specific CD4+ Th subsets and their contribution to inflammation through cytokine production indicate declining metabolic health, that is, insulin resistance and T2D. While some Th subset alterations are consistent between mice and humans with obesity, some changes mainly characterize male mice, whereas female mice often resist obesity and inflammation. However, protection from obesity and inflammation is not observed in human females, who can develop obesity-related T-cell inflammation akin to males. The decline in female sex hormones after menopause is also implicated in promoting obesity and inflammation. Age is a second underappreciated factor for defining and regulating obesity-associated inflammation toward translating basic science findings to the clinic. Weight loss in mice and humans, in parallel with these other factors, does not resolve obesity-associated inflammation. Instead, inflammation persists amid modest changes in CD4+ T cell frequencies, highlighting the need for further research into resolving changes in T-cell function after weight loss. How lingering inflammation after weight loss affecting the common struggle to maintain lower weight is unknown. Semaglutide, a newly popular pharmaceutical used for treating T2D and reversing obesity, holds promise for alleviating obesity-associated health complications, yet its impact on T-cell-mediated inflammation remains unexplored. Further work in this area could significantly contribute to the scientific understanding of the impacts of weight loss and sex/hormones in obesity and obesity-associated metabolic decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolander Valentine
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Barbara S Nikolajczyk
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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Liang YC, Jia MJ, Li L, Liu DL, Chu SF, Li HL. Association of circulating inflammatory proteins with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1358311. [PMID: 38606083 PMCID: PMC11007105 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1358311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence indicates that immune response underlies the pathology of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Nevertheless, the specific inflammatory regulators involved in this pathogenesis remain unclear. Methods We systematically explored circulating inflammatory proteins that are causally associated with T2D via a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) study and further investigated them in prevalent complications of T2D. Genetic instruments for 91 circulating inflammatory proteins were derived from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) that enrolled 14,824 predominantly European participants. Regarding the summary-level GWASs of type 2 diabetes, we adopted the largest meta-analysis of European population (74,124 cases vs. 824,006 controls) and a prospective nested case-cohort study in Europe (9,978 cases vs. 12,348 controls). Summary statistics for five complications of T2D were acquired from the FinnGen R9 repository. The inverse variance-weighted method was applied as the primary method for causal inference. MR-Egger, weighted median and maximum likelihood methods were employed as supplementary analyses. Results from the two T2D studies were combined in a meta-analysis. Sensitivity analyses and phenotype-wide association studies (PheWAS) were performed to detect heterogeneity and potential horizontal pleiotropy in the study. Results Genetic evidence indicated that elevated levels of TGF-α (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.15-1.17) and CX3CL1 (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.04-1.63) promoted the occurrence of T2D, and increased concentrations of FGF-21 (OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.81-0.93) and hGDNF (OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.95-0.98) mitigated the risk of developing T2D, while type 2 diabetes did not exert a significant influence on said proteins. Elevated levels of TGF-α were associated with an increased risk of ketoacidosis, neurological complications, and ocular complications in patients with T2D, and increased concentrations of FGF-21 were potentially correlated with a diminished risk of T2D with neurological complications. Higher levels of hGDNF were associated with an increased risk of T2D with peripheral vascular complications, while CX3CL1 did not demonstrate a significant association with T2D complications. Sensitivity analyses and PheWAS further ensure the robustness of our findings. Conclusion This study determined four circulating inflammatory proteins that affected the occurrence of T2D, providing opportunities for the early prevention and innovative therapy of type 2 diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chao Liang
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ming-Jie Jia
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ling Li
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - De-Liang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shu-Fang Chu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui-Lin Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Cui H, Wang N, Li H, Bian Y, Wen W, Kong X, Wang F. The dynamic shifts of IL-10-producing Th17 and IL-17-producing Treg in health and disease: a crosstalk between ancient "Yin-Yang" theory and modern immunology. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:99. [PMID: 38317142 PMCID: PMC10845554 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01505-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The changes in T regulatory cell (Treg) and T helper cell (Th) 17 ratios holds paramount importance in ensuring internal homeostasis and disease progression. Recently, novel subsets of Treg and Th17, namely IL-17-producing Treg and IL-10-producing Th17 have been identified. IL-17-producing Treg and IL-10-producing Th17 are widely considered as the intermediates during Treg/Th17 transformation. These "bi-functional" cells exhibit plasticity and have been demonstrated with important roles in multiple physiological functions and disease processes. Yin and Yang represent opposing aspects of phenomena according to the ancient Chinese philosophy "Yin-Yang" theory. Furthermore, Yin can transform into Yang, and vice versa, under specific conditions. This theory has been widely used to describe the contrasting functions of immune cells and molecules. Therefore, immune-activating populations (Th17, M1 macrophage, etc.) and immune overreaction (inflammation, autoimmunity) can be considered Yang, while immunosuppressive populations (Treg, M2 macrophage, etc.) and immunosuppression (tumor, immunodeficiency) can be considered Yin. However, another important connotation of "Yin-Yang" theory, the conversion between Yin and Yang, has been rarely documented in immune studies. The discovery of IL-17-producing Treg and IL-10-producing Th17 enriches the meaning of "Yin-Yang" theory and further promotes the relationship between ancient "Yin-Yang" theory and modern immunology. Besides, illustrating the functions of IL-17-producing Treg and IL-10-producing Th17 and mechanisms governing their differentiation provides valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying the dynamically changing statement of immune statement in health and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huantian Cui
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Ning Wang
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Hanzhou Li
- College of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yuhong Bian
- College of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Weibo Wen
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Xiangying Kong
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Fudi Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Khantakova JN, Sennikov SV. T-helper cells flexibility: the possibility of reprogramming T cells fate. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1284178. [PMID: 38022605 PMCID: PMC10646684 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1284178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Various disciplines cooperate to find novel approaches to cure impaired body functions by repairing, replacing, or regenerating cells, tissues, or organs. The possibility that a stable differentiated cell can reprogram itself opens the door to new therapeutic strategies against a multitude of diseases caused by the loss or dysfunction of essential, irreparable, and specific cells. One approach to cell therapy is to induce reprogramming of adult cells into other functionally active cells. Understanding the factors that cause or contribute to T cell plasticity is not only of clinical importance but also expands the knowledge of the factors that induce cells to differentiate and improves the understanding of normal developmental biology. The present review focuses on the advances in the conversion of peripheral CD4+ T cells, the conditions of their reprogramming, and the methods proposed to control such cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia N. Khantakova
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology” (RIFCI), Novosibirsk, Russia
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Ou Q, Power R, Griffin MD. Revisiting regulatory T cells as modulators of innate immune response and inflammatory diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1287465. [PMID: 37928540 PMCID: PMC10623442 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1287465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Treg) are known to be critical for the maintenance of immune homeostasis by suppressing the activation of auto- or allo-reactive effector T cells through a diverse repertoire of molecular mechanisms. Accordingly, therapeutic strategies aimed at enhancing Treg numbers or potency in the setting of autoimmunity and allogeneic transplants have been energetically pursued and are beginning to yield some encouraging outcomes in early phase clinical trials. Less well recognized from a translational perspective, however, has been the mounting body of evidence that Treg directly modulate most aspects of innate immune response under a range of different acute and chronic disease conditions. Recognizing this aspect of Treg immune modulatory function provides a bridge for the application of Treg-based therapies to common medical conditions in which organ and tissue damage is mediated primarily by inflammation involving myeloid cells (mononuclear phagocytes, granulocytes) and innate lymphocytes (NK cells, NKT cells, γδ T cells and ILCs). In this review, we comprehensively summarize pre-clinical and human research that has revealed diverse modulatory effects of Treg and specific Treg subpopulations on the range of innate immune cell types. In each case, we emphasize the key mechanistic insights and the evidence that Treg interactions with innate immune effectors can have significant impacts on disease severity or treatment. Finally, we discuss the opportunities and challenges that exist for the application of Treg-based therapeutic interventions to three globally impactful, inflammatory conditions: type 2 diabetes and its end-organ complications, ischemia reperfusion injury and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifeng Ou
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Rachael Power
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Matthew D. Griffin
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Nephrology Department, Galway University Hospitals, Saolta University Healthcare Group, Galway, Ireland
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Malviya V, Yshii L, Junius S, Garg AD, Humblet-Baron S, Schlenner SM. Regulatory T-cell stability and functional plasticity in health and disease. Immunol Cell Biol 2023; 101:112-129. [PMID: 36479949 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
FOXP3-expressing regulatory T cells (Treg ) are indispensable for immune homeostasis and tolerance, and in addition tissue-resident Treg have been found to perform noncanonical, tissue-specific functions. For optimal tolerogenic function during inflammatory disease, Treg are equipped with mechanisms that assure lineage stability. Treg lineage stability is closely linked to the installation and maintenance of a lineage-specific epigenetic landscape, specifically a Treg -specific DNA demethylation pattern. At the same time, for local and directed immune regulation Treg must possess a level of functional plasticity that requires them to partially acquire T helper cell (TH ) transcriptional programs-then referred to as TH -like Treg . Unleashing TH programs in Treg , however, is not without risk and may threaten the epigenetic stability of Treg with consequently pathogenic ex-Treg contributing to (auto-) inflammatory conditions. Here, we review how the Treg -stabilizing epigenetic landscape is installed and maintained, and further discuss the development, necessity and lineage instability risks of TH 1-, TH 2-, TH 17-like Treg and follicular Treg .
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanshika Malviya
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lidia Yshii
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steffie Junius
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Abhishek D Garg
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephanie Humblet-Baron
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Susan M Schlenner
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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7
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The Role of Adaptive Immunity in Diabetic Retinopathy. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11216499. [PMID: 36362727 PMCID: PMC9657718 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11216499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is currently one of the common causes of vision loss in working-age adults. It is clinically diagnosed and classified according to the vascular changes in the fundus. However, the activation of immune cells occurs before these vascular changes become detectable. These, together with molecular studies and the positive clinical outcomes of anti-inflammatory treatment, highlight the pivotal involvement of the immune system. The role of innate immunity in DR pathophysiology has been studied in depth, but the contribution of adaptive immunity remains largely elusive. This review aims to summarize our current understanding of the activation mechanism of adaptive immunity in DR microenvironments and to discuss the relationship between adaptive immunity and local vascular units or innate immunity, which opens new avenues for clinical applications in DR treatment.
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Moldenhauer LM, Hull ML, Foyle KL, McCormack CD, Robertson SA. Immune–Metabolic Interactions and T Cell Tolerance in Pregnancy. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 209:1426-1436. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Pregnancy depends on a state of maternal immune tolerance mediated by CD4+ regulatory T (Treg) cells. Uterine Treg cells release anti-inflammatory factors, inhibit effector immunity, and support adaptation of the uterine vasculature to facilitate placental development. Insufficient Treg cells or inadequate functional competence is implicated in infertility and recurrent miscarriage, as well as pregnancy complications preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and preterm birth, which stem from placental insufficiency. In this review we address an emerging area of interest in pregnancy immunology–the significance of metabolic status in regulating the Treg cell expansion required for maternal–fetal tolerance. We describe how hyperglycemia and insulin resistance affect T cell responses to suppress generation of Treg cells, summarize data that implicate a role for altered glucose metabolism in impaired maternal–fetal tolerance, and explore the prospect of targeting dysregulated metabolism to rebalance the adaptive immune response in women experiencing reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan M. Moldenhauer
- *Robinson Research Institute and School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; and
| | - M. Louise Hull
- *Robinson Research Institute and School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; and
| | - Kerrie L. Foyle
- *Robinson Research Institute and School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; and
| | - Catherine D. McCormack
- *Robinson Research Institute and School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; and
- †Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sarah A. Robertson
- *Robinson Research Institute and School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; and
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Robertson SA, Moldenhauer LM, Green ES, Care AS, Hull ML. Immune determinants of endometrial receptivity: a biological perspective. Fertil Steril 2022; 117:1107-1120. [PMID: 35618356 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2022.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Immune cells are essential for endometrial receptivity to embryo implantation and early placental development. They exert tissue-remodeling and immune regulatory roles-acting to promote epithelial attachment competence, regulate the differentiation of decidual cells, remodel the uterine vasculature, control and resolve inflammatory activation, and suppress destructive immunity to paternally inherited alloantigens. From a biological perspective, the endometrial immune response exerts a form of "quality control"-it promotes implantation success when conditions are favorable but constrains receptivity when physiological circumstances are not ideal. Women with recurrent implantation failure and recurrent miscarriage may exhibit altered numbers or disturbed function of certain uterine immune cell populations-most notably uterine natural killer cells and regulatory T cells. Preclinical and animal studies indicate that deficiencies or aberrant activation states in these cells can be causal in the pathophysiological mechanisms of infertility. Immune cells are, therefore, targets for diagnostic evaluation and therapeutic intervention. However, current diagnostic tests are overly simplistic and have limited clinical utility. To be more informative, they need to account for the full complexity and reflect the range of perturbations that can occur in uterine immune cell phenotypes and networks. Moreover, safe and effective interventions to modulate these cells are in their infancy, and personalized approaches matched to specific diagnostic criteria will be needed. Here we summarize current biological understanding and identify knowledge gaps to be resolved before the promise of therapies to target the uterine immune response can be fully realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Robertson
- Robinson Research Institute and School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Lachlan M Moldenhauer
- Robinson Research Institute and School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ella S Green
- Robinson Research Institute and School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alison S Care
- Robinson Research Institute and School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - M Louise Hull
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Liu S, Cai X, Wang T, Xu J, Cheng W, Wang X, Wei G, Yan S. Downregulation of ALDH6A1 is a New Marker of Muscle Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:2137-2147. [PMID: 35241929 PMCID: PMC8887615 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s343727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Skeletal muscle insulin resistance (IR) is an important etiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, its molecular mechanism is yet to be fully defined. This study attempted to identify the gene expression patterns and molecular disorders in T2DM patients’ skeletal muscle samples. Methods First, the difference in genetic expression among GSE25462 data was analyzed. Next, PPI network analysis of differential genes was carried out, after which the maladjustment module was identified. Then, an enrichment analysis and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were carried out. Finally, the transcription factors that regulate the modular genes by raid were predicted. Results Most differentially expressed genes were found to be able to form an interaction network and cluster into 9 modules. These modular genes were shown to possess a significant correlation with immune inflammation and metabolic response. Importantly, the top 15 genes of area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were identified, and the expression of 10 genes by GSE12643, GSE18732 and GSE29221 was confirmed. The expression and AUC value of ALDH6A1 were then verified according to three sets of data, where ALDH6A1 was found to be negatively correlated with follicular helper T cells. However, among the predicted transcription regulators, HDAC was shown to have a better regulatory effect. Conclusion The findings highlight that the dysregulation of ALDH6A1 expression in IR of T2DM may serve as a potential therapeutic target. ALDH6A1 is involved in the immune inflammation and metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Liu
- Endocrinology Department, Traditional Chinese Medicine Academy of Heilongjiang, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Cai
- Endocrinology Department, Traditional Chinese Medicine Academy of Heilongjiang, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- Endocrinology Department, Traditional Chinese Medicine Academy of Heilongjiang, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiwen Xu
- Anatomy, Histology and Embryology Teaching and Research Section, School of Basic Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weilun Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuling Wang
- Endocrinology Department, Traditional Chinese Medicine Academy of Heilongjiang, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gangjie Wei
- Medical Department, Traditional Chinese Medicine Academy of Heilongjiang, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuang Yan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Shuang Yan, Email
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Gao YR, Sun XZ, Li R, Tang CL, Zhang RH, Zhu YW, Li XR, Pan Q. The effect of regulatory T cells in Schistosoma-mediated protection against type 2 diabetes. Acta Trop 2021; 224:106073. [PMID: 34487719 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In western societies, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is related to the hygiene hypothesis, which implies that reduced exposure to infectious factors results in a loss of the immune stimulation necessary to form the immune system during development. In fact, it has been reported that parasites, such as Schistosoma, can improve or prevent the development of T2D, which may be related to the activity of immune cells, including regulatory T cells (Tregs). Hence, Schistosoma, Tregs, and T2D share a close relationship. Schistosoma infection and the molecules released can lead to an increase in Tregs, which play an important role in the suppression of T2D. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of Tregs in the response to Schistosoma infection and the protective mechanism of Schistosoma-related molecular products against T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ru Gao
- Medical Department, Wuhan City College, Wuhan, 430083, China
| | - Xue-Zhi Sun
- Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital, Wuhan Institute for Tuberculosis Control, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ru Li
- Wuchang Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430063, China
| | - Chun-Lian Tang
- Wuchang Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430063, China
| | - Rong-Hui Zhang
- Wuchang Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430063, China
| | - Ya-Wen Zhu
- Wuchang Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430063, China
| | - Xiu-Rong Li
- Wuchang Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430063, China.
| | - Qun Pan
- Wuchang Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430063, China.
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12
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Chang YC, Hee SW, Chuang LM. T helper 17 cells: A new actor on the stage of type 2 diabetes and aging? J Diabetes Investig 2021; 12:909-913. [PMID: 33686797 PMCID: PMC8169348 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Cheng Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Siow-Wey Hee
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Ming Chuang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Tang M, Lu L, Yu X. Interleukin-17A Interweaves the Skeletal and Immune Systems. Front Immunol 2021; 11:625034. [PMID: 33613566 PMCID: PMC7890031 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.625034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex crosstalk between the immune and the skeletal systems plays an indispensable role in the maintenance of skeletal homeostasis. Various cytokines are involved, including interleukin (IL)-17A. A variety of immune and inflammatory cells produces IL-17A, especially Th17 cells, a subtype of CD4+ T cells. IL-17A orchestrates diverse inflammatory and immune processes. IL-17A induces direct and indirect effects on osteoclasts. The dual role of IL-17A on osteoclasts partly depends on its concentrations and interactions with other factors. Interestingly, IL-17A exerts a dual role in osteoblasts in vitro. IL-17A is a bone-destroying cytokine in numerous immune-mediated bone diseases including postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and axial spondylarthritis (axSpA). This review will summarize and discuss the pathophysiological roles of IL-17A on the skeletal system and its potential strategies for application in immune-mediated bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjia Tang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingyun Lu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xijie Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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14
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Feng Y, Jia B, Feng Q, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Meng J. Dendrobine attenuates gestational diabetes mellitus in mice by inhibiting Th17 cells. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 128:379-385. [PMID: 33119198 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Feng
- Department of Clinical Nutrition Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University Yantai China
| | - Bei Jia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University Yantai China
| | - Qi Feng
- Department of General Surgery CPLA No. 71897 Xi'an China
| | - Yinghong Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University Yantai China
| | - Yangyang Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University Yantai China
| | - Jun Meng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University Yantai China
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15
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Yang L, Zhang C, Bai X, Xiao C, Dang E, Wang G. hsa_circ_0003738 Inhibits the Suppressive Function of Tregs by Targeting miR-562/IL-17A and miR-490-5p/IFN-γ Signaling Pathway. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 21:1111-1119. [PMID: 32871353 PMCID: PMC7475646 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction in the suppressive function of regulatory T cells (Tregs) has been related to the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated the importance of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in regulating various biological process, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, etc. However, the role of circRNAs in modulating the suppressive functions of psoriatic Tregs and the underlying mechanisms have not been investigated. Here, by using circRNA microarray analysis, we discovered four upregulated and four downregulated circRNAs in psoriatic Tregs. Quantitative real-time PCR further confirmed a significant increase of circ_0003738 in psoriatic Tregs. Importantly, knockdown of circ_0003738 by lentivirus in psoriatic Tregs could restore their suppressive functions via inhibiting the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-17A (IL-17A) and interferon (IFN)-γ. Moreover, we found that circ_0003738 could bind to miR-562 to release the inhibition of target gene IL-17RA (IL-17 receptor A), thus promoting IL-17A signaling in psoriatic Tregs. In parallel, circ_0003738 acted also as a sponge for miR-490-5p and relieved inhibition for the target gene IFNGR2, which promoted IFN-γ signaling in psoriatic Tregs. Our study demonstrated that upregulated circ_0003738 decreased the suppressive function of psoriatic Tregs via the miR-562/IL17RA and miR-490-5p/IFNGR2 (IFN-γ receptor 2) axis, which indicated the involvement of circRNAs in the pathogenesis of dysfunctional Tregs. These findings will provide new therapeutic targets for the treatment of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luting Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 620, South Chang'an Road, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xiaocui Bai
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Chunying Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Erle Dang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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