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Tan G, Zheng G, Li J, Zhu Y, Liang Z, Li H, Yu H, Wang X. Association of genetic variations in FoxP3 gene with Graves' disease in a Southwest Chinese Han population. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e1046. [PMID: 37904681 PMCID: PMC10571500 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Graves' disease (GD) is a T cell-mediated organ-specific autoimmune disease. Forkhead box P3 (FoxP3) is an excellent marker for the induction and development of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Recent studies showed that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the FoxP3 gene were associated with the increased susceptibility to several autoimmune diseases. In the present study, we investigated the association of FoxP3 gene polymorphisms with GD in a Southwest Chinese Han population. METHODS A two-stage case-control study was performed in 890 healthy controls (male, 282; female, 608) and 503 patients with GD (male, 138; female, 365). Four SNPs (rs3761548, rs3761549, rs3761547, and rs2280883) were genotyped by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. The χ2 test was used to compare the genotype distributions and allele frequencies between GD patients and healthy controls. RESULTS In the first stage, the significantly increased frequencies of the A allele (p = .031, odds ratio [OR] = 1.635) and AA genotype (p = .023, OR = 3.257), together with a significantly decreased frequency of the C allele (p = .031, OR = 0.611) of FoxP3/rs3761548 were found in female patients with GD. None of the other FoxP3 SNPs was associated with GD susceptibility. Subsequent validation and combination of data confirmed the association between FoxP3/rs3761548 and the female patients with GD (A allele: p < .001, OR = 1.672; AA genotype: p = .005, OR = 2.488; CC genotype: p = .001, OR = 0.622; C allele: p < .001, OR = 0.615, respectively). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that FoxP3/rs3761548 is significantly associated with female GD patients in a Southwest Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiqin Tan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou ProvinceZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Guangbing Zheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou ProvinceZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Jiang Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou ProvinceZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Yingping Zhu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou ProvinceZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Zhongzhi Liang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou ProvinceZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Hua Li
- Yongchuan HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Hongsong Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou ProvinceZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou ProvinceZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
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Reza Lahimchi M, Eslami M, Yousefi B. Interleukin-35 and Interleukin-37 anti-inflammatory effect on inflammatory bowel disease: Application of non-coding RNAs in IBD therapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109932. [PMID: 37012889 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a widespread autoimmune disease that may even be life-threatening. IBD is divided into two major subtypes: ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Interleukin (IL)-35 and IL-37 are anti-inflammatory cytokines that belong to IL-12 and IL-1 families, respectively. Their recruitment relieves inflammation in various autoimmune diseases, including psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and IBD. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) and regulatory B cells (Bregs) are the primary producers of IL-35/IL-37. IL-35 and IL-37 orchestrate the regulation of the immune system through two main strategies: Blocking nuclear transcription factor kappa-B (NF-kB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways or promoting the proliferation of Tregs and Bregs. Moreover, IL-35 and IL-37 can also inhibit inflammation by adjusting the T helper (Th)17/Treg ratio balance. Among the anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-35 and IL-37 have significant potential to reduce intestinal inflammation. Therefore, administering IL-35/IL-37-based drugs or blocking their inhibitor microRNAs could be a promising approach to alleviate IBD symptoms. Overall, in this review article, we summarized the therapeutic application of IL-35 and IL-37 in both human and experimental models of IBD. Also, it is hoped that this practical information will reach beyond IBD therapy and shed some light on treating all intestinal inflammations.
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Faraji F, Mosayebi G, Bahrami M, Shojapour M. rs3761548 (C/A) and rs5902434 (del/ATT) polymorphisms of Foxp3 gene in Iranian patients with migraine. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-023-00400-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Migraine is a neurovascular disorder; several studies have demonstrated the immune system plays a key role in migraine pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between FOXP3 gene polymorphism and susceptibility to migraine.
Methods
In a case–control study, 55 whole blood samples of patients with migraine and 80 healthy samples were collected. After DNA extraction, genotyping of the rs5902434 (del/ATT) and rs3761548 (C/A) FOXP3 was performed using sequence-specific primers method (PCR-SSP).
Results
The results of this study showed that there were statistically significant differences between patient and control group in genotype frequencies of rs3761548. In addition, the frequency of heterozygous genotype AC at rs3761548 in patients was found to be significantly higher than controls. We also found no significant differences between cases and controls were found in the allelic and genotype distribution of the rs5902434 (del/ATT) polymorphism. None of the rs5902434 (del/ATT) genotypes showed any significant association with the migraine.
Conclusions
According to finding of our study, polymorphism rs3761548 in FOXP3 gene were associated with susceptibility to migraine. Further studies with larger sample sizes and different populations in other parts of the world are needed to investigate relationship between this polymorphism on migraine susceptibility.
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Rahimlou M, Nematollahi S, Husain D, Banaei-Jahromi N, Majdinasab N, Hosseini SA. Probiotic supplementation and systemic inflammation in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:901846. [PMID: 36203797 PMCID: PMC9531126 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.901846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex inflammatory disease in which demyelination occurs in the central nervous system affecting approximately 2.5 million people worldwide. Intestinal microbiome changes play an important role in the etiology of chronic diseases. Objective This study aimed to investigate the effect of probiotic supplementation on systemic inflammation in patients with MS. Methods A 12-week double-blind clinical trial study was designed and seventy patients with MS were randomly divided into two groups receiving probiotics and placebo. Patients in the intervention group received two capsules containing multi-strain probiotics daily and patients in the control group received the same amount of placebo. Factors associated with systemic inflammation were assessed at the beginning and end of the study. Results Sixty-five patients were included in the final analysis. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of baseline variables except for the duration of the disease (P > 0.05). At the end of the study, probiotic supplementation compared to the placebo caused a significant reduction in the serum levels of CRP (-0.93 ± 1.62 vs. 0.05 ± 1.74, P = 0.03), TNF-α (-2.09 ± 1.88 vs. 0.48 ± 2.53, P = 0.015) and IFN-γ (-13.18 ± 7.33 vs. -1.93 ± 5.99, P < 0.001). Also, we found a significant increase in the FOXP3 and TGF-β levels in the intervention group (P < 0.05). Conclusion The results of our study showed that supplementation with probiotics can have beneficial effects on serum levels of some factors associated with systemic inflammation. Clinical trial registration [http://www.irct.ir], identifier [IRCT20181210041 918N1].
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Rahimlou
- Nutrition and Metabolic Disease Research Center, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Shima Nematollahi
- Nutrition and Metabolic Disease Research Center, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Durdana Husain
- Nutrition and Metabolic Disease Research Center, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Nasrin Banaei-Jahromi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Nastaran Majdinasab
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Hosseini
- Nutrition and Metabolic Disease Research Center, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Li R, Li H, Yang X, Hu H, Liu P, Liu H. Crosstalk between dendritic cells and regulatory T cells: Protective effect and therapeutic potential in multiple sclerosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:970508. [PMID: 36177043 PMCID: PMC9513370 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.970508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system related to autoimmunity and is characterized by demyelination, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. Cell therapies mediated by dendritic cells (DCs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs) have gradually become accumulating focusing in MS, and the protective crosstalk mechanisms between DCs and Tregs provide the basis for the efficacy of treatment regimens. In MS and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, DCs communicate with Tregs to form immune synapses and complete a variety of complex interactions to counteract the unbalanced immune tolerance. Through different co-stimulatory/inhibitory molecules, cytokines, and metabolic enzymes, DCs regulate the proliferation, differentiation and function of Tregs. On the other hand, Tregs inhibit the mature state and antigen presentation ability of DCs, ultimately improving immune tolerance. In this review, we summarized the pivotal immune targets in the interaction between DCs and Tregs, and elucidated the protective mechanisms of DC-Treg cell crosstalk in MS, finally interpreted the complex cell interplay in the manner of inhibitory feedback loops to explore novel therapeutic directions for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huiru Hu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peidong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Translational Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Translational Medicine Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hongbo Liu,
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Feng J, Wu Y. Interleukin-35 ameliorates cardiovascular disease by suppressing inflammatory responses and regulating immune homeostasis. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:108938. [PMID: 35759811 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The immune response is of great significance in the initiation and progression of a diversity of cardiovascular diseases involving pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Interleukin-35 (IL-35), a cytokine of the interleukin-12 family, is a novel anti-inflammation and immunosuppressive cytokine, maintaining inflammatory suppression and regulating immune homeostasis. The role of IL-35 in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has aroused enthusiastic attention, a diversity of experimental or clinical evidence has indicated that IL-35 potentially has a pivot role in protecting against cardiovascular diseases, especially atherosclerosis and myocarditis. In this review, we initiate an overview of the relationship between Interleukin-35 and cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, acute coronary syndrome, pulmonary hypertension, abdominal aortic aneurysm, heart failure, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion, aortic dissection and myocarditis. Although the specific molecular mechanisms entailing the protective effects of IL-35 remain an unsolved issue, targeted therapies with IL-35 might provide a promising and effective solution to prevent and cure cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Feng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yanqing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
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Mostafa M, Fathy AA, Elwasify M, Abdelsalam M. Analysis of selected polymorphisms in FOXP3 gene in a cohort of Egyptian patients with schizophrenia. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2022; 20:83. [PMID: 35641708 PMCID: PMC9156649 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-022-00371-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder with different symptoms. The environmental and genetic factors are suggested to be the etiology of schizophrenia. However, the exact cause and pathogenesis of schizophrenia are still unclear. Different studies suggested that the immune system may have a role in schizophrenia. A genetic study found a relation between the disease and the HLA region on the sixth chromosome. Regulatory T cells (Treg) have a role in the regulation of immune response, especially the balance between TH1 and TH2 cells. The FOXP3 protein is a key regulator for Treg cell's functions. FOXP3 is a transcriptional factor, and its gene is present on the short arm of the X chromosome. The selected SNPs present in the promoter region which act as binding sites for transcriptional factors. This study investigated FOXP3 gene polymorphisms (rs3761548, rs3761549, and rs2232365) in Egyptian patients with schizophrenia. There are no previous studies about the association of FOXP3 gene polymorphisms with schizophrenia. The three selected single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were investigated using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) for 125 schizophrenia patients and 160 healthy controls. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used to evaluate patients with schizophrenia. RESULTS No significant associations were found between schizophrenia patients and healthy controls for the alleles and genotypes of the selected SNPs (P-value > 0.05). However, a significant association with ACC and ATC haplotypes was detected (P-value 0.001). No significant association was detected between the PANSS score and any of the studied SNPs. CONCLUSION The ATC haplotype of rs2232365, rs3761549, and rs3761548 could be considered a risk factor for schizophrenia in Egyptian patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maged Mostafa
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Aya Ahmed Fathy
- Public Health and Community Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elwasify
- Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Maha Abdelsalam
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt. .,Immunology Department, Egypt Center for Research and Regenerative Medicine (ECRRM), Cairo, Egypt.
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Neu SD, Dittel BN. Characterization of Definitive Regulatory B Cell Subsets by Cell Surface Phenotype, Function and Context. Front Immunol 2022; 12:787464. [PMID: 34987513 PMCID: PMC8721101 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.787464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory B cell or “Breg” is a broad term that represents the anti-inflammatory activity of B cells, but does not describe their individual phenotypes, specific mechanisms of regulation or relevant disease contexts. Thus, given the variety of B cell regulatory mechanisms reported in human disease and their animal models, a more thorough and comprehensive identification strategy is needed for tracking and comparing B cell subsets between research groups and in clinical settings. This review summarizes the discovery process and mechanism of action for well-defined regulatory B cell subsets with an emphasis on the mouse model of multiple sclerosis experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. We discuss the importance of conducting thorough B cell phenotyping along with mechanistic studies prior to defining a particular subset of B cells as Breg. Since virtually all B cell subsets can exert regulatory activity, it is timely for their definitive identification across studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savannah D Neu
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Bonnie N Dittel
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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The Role of Interleukins in the Pathogenesis of Dermatological Immune-Mediated Diseases. Adv Ther 2022; 39:4474-4508. [PMID: 35997892 PMCID: PMC9395905 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-022-02241-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune inflammatory diseases are primarily characterized by deregulated expression of cytokines, which drive pathogenesis of these diseases. A number of approved and experimental therapies utilize monoclonal antibodies against cytokine proteins. Cytokines can be classified into different families including the interleukins, which are secreted and act on leukocytes, the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family, as well as chemokine proteins. In this review article, we focus on the interleukin family of cytokines, of which 39 members have been identified to this date. We outline the role of each of these interleukins in the immune system, and various dermatological inflammatory diseases with a focused discussion on the pathogenesis of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. In addition, we describe the roles of various interleukins in psychiatric, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal comorbidities. Finally, we review clinical efficacy and safety data from emerging late-phase anti-interleukin therapies under development for psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Collectively, additional fundamental and clinical research remains necessary to fully elucidate the roles of various interleukin proteins in the pathogenesis of inflammatory dermatologic diseases, and treatment outcomes in patients.
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AKGÖLLÜ E. Effect of FOXP3 gene variants on the immune-active HBV and inactive HBV phases. CUKUROVA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.17826/cumj.978353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Ye C, Yano H, Workman CJ, Vignali DAA. Interleukin-35: Structure, Function and Its Impact on Immune-Related Diseases. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2021; 41:391-406. [PMID: 34788131 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2021.0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The balance between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory immune responses is maintained through immunoregulatory cell populations and immunosuppressive cytokines. Interleukin-35 (IL-35), an inhibitory cytokine that belongs to the IL-12 family, is capable of potently suppressing T cell proliferation and inducing IL-35-producing induced regulatory T cells (iTr35) to limit inflammatory responses. Over the past decade, a growing number of studies have indicated that IL-35 plays an important role in controlling immune-related disorders, including autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, and cancer. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the biology of IL-35 and its contribution in different diseases, and we discuss the potential of and barriers to harnessing IL-35 as a clinical biomarker or immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Ye
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hiroshi Yano
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Creg J Workman
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dario A A Vignali
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Serum levels and genetic variation of IL-35 are associated with multiple sclerosis: a population-based case-control study. Immunol Res 2021; 70:75-85. [PMID: 34708312 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-021-09246-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the association between serum levels and polymorphic variants of IL-35 with susceptibility, clinical features, and disease severity in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients.This case-control study recruited 186 MS patients and 195 sex- and age-matched healthy controls. Serum levels and polymorphic variants of IL-35 were determined by ELISA and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)-PCR or high resolution melting (HRM) analysis methods, respectively. In addition, by in silico analysis, we evaluated the location and function of the polymorphism.Serum levels of IL-35 were significantly lower in the patients than those of healthy controls (49.3 ± 3.7 vs. 69.5 ± 7.8, p = 0.009). EBI3 rs4740 polymorphism of IL-35 was associated with 2.2-fold increased risk of MS susceptibility (95% CI, 1.3-3.9, p = 0.005). However, there were no differences in the genotype distribution and allele frequencies of IL-35 rs568408 between the patients and controls (p > 0.05). In silico results showed that variation in IL-12A and EBI3 may affect on protein pathways of the cells and different components of the immune system such as NF-κB and INF-γ.The results show that IL-35 polymorphisms might be a genetic risk factor for the development of MS.
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Scazzone C, Agnello L, Lo Sasso B, Salemi G, Gambino CM, Ragonese P, Candore G, Ciaccio AM, Giglio RV, Bivona G, Vidali M, Ciaccio M. FOXP3 and GATA3 Polymorphisms, Vitamin D3 and Multiple Sclerosis. Brain Sci 2021; 11:415. [PMID: 33806248 PMCID: PMC8066599 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11040415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulatory T cells (Tregs) alterations have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Recently, a crucial role of the X-Linked Forkhead Box P3 (FoxP3) for the development and the stability of Tregs has emerged, and FOXP3 gene polymorphisms have been associated with the susceptibility to autoimmune diseases. The expression of Foxp3 in Tregs is regulated by the transcription factor GATA binding-protein 3 (GATA3) and vitamin D3. The aim of this retrospective case-control study was to investigate the potential association between FOXP3 and GATA3 genetic variants, Vitamin D3, and MS risk. METHODS We analyzed two polymorphisms in the FOXP3 gene (rs3761547 and rs3761548) and a polymorphism in the GATA3 gene (rs3824662) in 106 MS patients and 113 healthy controls. Serum 25(OH)D3 was also measured in all participants. RESULTS No statistically significant genotypic and allelic differences were found in the distribution of FOXP3 rs3761547 and rs3761548, or GATA3 rs3824662 in the MS patients, compared with controls. Patients that were homozygous for rs3761547 had lower 25(OH)D3 levels. CONCLUSIONS Our findings did not show any association among FOXP3 and GATA3 SNPs, vitamin D3, and MS susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Scazzone
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (C.S.); (L.A.); (B.L.S.); (C.M.G.); (R.V.G.); (G.B.)
| | - Luisa Agnello
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (C.S.); (L.A.); (B.L.S.); (C.M.G.); (R.V.G.); (G.B.)
| | - Bruna Lo Sasso
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (C.S.); (L.A.); (B.L.S.); (C.M.G.); (R.V.G.); (G.B.)
| | - Giuseppe Salemi
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.S.); (P.R.)
| | - Caterina Maria Gambino
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (C.S.); (L.A.); (B.L.S.); (C.M.G.); (R.V.G.); (G.B.)
| | - Paolo Ragonese
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.S.); (P.R.)
| | - Giuseppina Candore
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Anna Maria Ciaccio
- Unit of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Rosaria Vincenza Giglio
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (C.S.); (L.A.); (B.L.S.); (C.M.G.); (R.V.G.); (G.B.)
| | - Giulia Bivona
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (C.S.); (L.A.); (B.L.S.); (C.M.G.); (R.V.G.); (G.B.)
| | - Matteo Vidali
- Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Marcello Ciaccio
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (C.S.); (L.A.); (B.L.S.); (C.M.G.); (R.V.G.); (G.B.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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Alenazy MF, Saheb Sharif-Askari F, Omair MA, El-Wetidy MS, Omair MA, Mitwalli H, Al-Muhsen S, Al-Masri A, Hamid Q, Halwani R. Abatacept enhances blood regulatory B cells of rheumatoid arthritis patients to a level that associates with disease remittance. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5629. [PMID: 33707483 PMCID: PMC7952390 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83615-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abatacept, an inhibitor of CD28 mediated T-cell activation, has been shown to be effective in controlling inflammation during rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, its effects on immune regulatory B and T cells (Bregs and Tregs) has not been fully explored. Thirty-one RA patients treated with abatacept for ≥ 6 months along with 31 RA patients treated with other modalities as well as 30 healthy controls were recruited. Of these 62 RA patient, 49 (79%) were females with a mean age of 54 ± 12 years and disease duration of 10 ± 6 years. The blood levels of Tregs and Bregs and their production of immunosuppressive cytokines, were determined using FACS analysis and Luminex Multiplex assay. Treatment with abatacept significantly enhanced the blood level of IL-35+ IL-10+ Bregs (P = 0.0007). Their levels were higher in the blood of remitted patients (DAS28-CRP < 2.6) compared to the unremitted ones (P = 0.0173), 6 months following abatacept treatment initiation. Moreover, abatacept treatment significantly enhanced the blood levels of LAG3+ conventional and unconventional Tregs of RA patients. This increase in the blood levels of Bregs and Tregs was accompanied with an elevated serum level of IL-35 and IFN-β in abatacept-treated patients. Therefore, Abatacept efficiency to achieve remittance in RA could be attributed, in part, to its ability to enhance immune regulatory cells, especially IL-135+ IL-10+ Bregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Fahad Alenazy
- Immunology Research Lab, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammed A Omair
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad S El-Wetidy
- Immunology Research Lab, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha A Omair
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussam Mitwalli
- Immunology Research Lab, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Al-Muhsen
- Immunology Research Lab, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer Al-Masri
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qutayba Hamid
- Sharjah Institute of Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Rabih Halwani
- Sharjah Institute of Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. .,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. .,Prince Abdullah Ben Khaled Celiac Disease Chair, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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15
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Jafarzadeh A, Nemati M, Saha B, Bansode YD, Jafarzadeh S. Protective Potentials of Type III Interferons in COVID-19 Patients: Lessons from Differential Properties of Type I- and III Interferons. Viral Immunol 2020; 34:307-320. [PMID: 33147113 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2020.0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
While an appropriately regulated production of interferons (IFNs) performs a fundamental role in the defense against coronaviruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), dysregulated overproduction of inflammatory mediators can play an important role in the development of SARS-CoV-2 infection-related complications, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome. As the principal constituents of innate immunity, both type I and III IFNs share antiviral features. However, important properties, including preferential expression at mucosal barriers (such as respiratory tract), local influences, lower receptor distribution, smaller target cell types, noninflammatory effects, and immunomodulatory impacts, were attributed only to type III IFNs. Accordingly, type III IFNs can establish an optimal effective antiviral response, without triggering exaggerated systemic inflammation that is generally attributed to the type I IFNs. However, some harmful effects were attributed to the III IFNs and there are also major differences between human and mouse concerning the immunomodulatory effects of III IFNs. Here, we describe the differential properties of type I and type III IFNs and present a model of IFN response during SARS-COV-2 infection, while highlighting the superior potential of type III IFNs in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Maryam Nemati
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.,Department of Hematology and Laboratory Sciences, School of Para-Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Bhaskar Saha
- National Center for Cell Science, Pune, India.,Trident Academy of Creative Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | | | - Sara Jafarzadeh
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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16
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Ezzeddini R, Somi MH, Taghikhani M, Moaddab SY, Masnadi Shirazi K, Shirmohammadi M, Eftekharsadat AT, Sadighi Moghaddam B, Salek Farrokhi A. Association of Foxp3 rs3761548 polymorphism with cytokines concentration in gastric adenocarcinoma patients. Cytokine 2020; 138:155351. [PMID: 33127257 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
T regulatory cells (Tregs) and related-cytokines are effectively engaged in the process of tumor immune escape and functionally inhibit immune response against the tumor. This study aimed to investigate the association of Foxp3 gene single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs3761548) with serum IL-35, IL-10, and TGF-β levels in gastric adenocarcinoma (GA) patients. The blood samples were obtained from 150 GA patients and 166 control subjects. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was done to genotyping of Foxp3 gene polymorphism (rs3761548). The serum cytokines levels were measured using the ELISA method. According to genotyping, the AA, and AC genotypes and A allele demonstrated significantly greater risk of GA. Considering the Lauren classification, our results revealed a greater risk of GA progression in patients with AC + AA genotype compared to CC genotype. Moreover, significantly increased levels of IL-10, IL-35, and TGF-β were observed in GA patients compared to controls and also in diffuse-type compared to the intestinal type of GA patients. The IL-35, IL-10 concentrations in GA patients displayed significant differences between the participants with CC, AC and AA genotypes. Further analysis indicated the prognostic role of serum IL-35, IL-10, and TGF-β levels in GA patients. Our results confirmed that the Foxp3 polymorphism (rs3761548) could influence the predisposition to GA and the serum IL-10, IL-35, and TGF-β levels. Thus, this polymorphism might be involved in the GA progression through influencing Tregs function and the secretion of immunomodulatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Ezzeddini
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hossein Somi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghikhani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyed-Yaghoub Moaddab
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Kourosh Masnadi Shirazi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Masoud Shirmohammadi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Taher Eftekharsadat
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bizhan Sadighi Moghaddam
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Amir Salek Farrokhi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
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17
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Jafarzadeh A, Jafarzadeh S, Sharifi I, Aminizadeh N, Nozari P, Nemati M. The importance of T cell-derived cytokines in post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. Cytokine 2020; 147:155321. [PMID: 33039255 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Infection with the same species of Leishmania (L)donovani causes different manifestations including visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL), indicating that the host-related immunological parameters perform a decisive role in the pathogenesis of diseases. As PKDL is a reservoir of the parasite, a better understanding of the host immune responses is necessary to restrict the L. donovani transmission. The proper local production of Th1 cell-related cytokines (including IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-12), Th17 cell-derived cytokines (such as IL-17A, IL-17F and IL-22), and CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-derived IFN-γ are protective against PKDL. However, dominant production of regulatory CD4+ T cell-derived cytokines (such as IL-10 and TGF-β), Th2 cell-derived cytokines (such as IL-4/IL-13), M2 macrophage-derived cytokines (such as IL-4 and IL-10), keratinocyte-derived IL-10, regulatory CD8+ T cell-derived IL-10, and dendritic cell-derived IL-10, IL-27 and IL-21 can contribute to the parasite persistence and PKDL development. Understanding of the T cell-related cytokine network within PKDL lesions gives rise to novel insights concerning the role of each cytokine in the protection or susceptibility to disease. Manipulation of the cytokine network can be considered as an interesting immunotherapeutic strategy for the treatment of L. donovani-mediated PKDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
| | - Sara Jafarzadeh
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Iraj Sharifi
- Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Najmeh Aminizadeh
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Islamic Azad University Branch of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Parvin Nozari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Nemati
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Haematology and Laboratory Sciences, School of Para-Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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18
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Dasturian F, Naderi N, Farshidfar G, Montazerghaem H, Khayatian M, Chegeni SA, Rahimzadeh M. The Relationship Between Serum Concentration of Interleukin-35 and FoxP3 Polymorphism in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery. Braz J Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 35:697-705. [PMID: 33118735 PMCID: PMC7598980 DOI: 10.21470/1678-9741-2019-0377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the association between interleukin-35 (IL-35) levels and single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs3761548, rs3761547) of the FoxP3 gene in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) patients. Methods We conducted a prospective study including 140 patients, who were scheduled for elective isolated on-pump CABG with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) from January 2017 to September 2018 in the Jorjani heart center. Blood samples were collected before and 12 hours after the operation. Serum levels of IL-35 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the pattern of genetic variations was assessed using single specific primer-polymerase chain reaction. Results The serum concentrations of IL-35 after surgery were significantly higher than pre-surgery levels (18.4±8.3 vs. 9.89±3.2, respectively, P=0.002). There was no significant association between genotype frequencies of rs3761548 and rs3761547 and elevated IL-35 levels (P>0.05). There were significant associations between IL-35 levels and preoperative variables, including age (r=-0.34, P=0.047) and body mass index (r=-0.41, P=0.045), and intraoperative variables, including CPB time (r=0.4, P=0.02) and mean arterial pressure (r=-0.38, P=0.046), in carriers of the rs3761548 AA genotype. Conclusion Serum IL-35 concentrations were significantly increased in CPB patients, which may contribute to the post-CPB compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome. IL-35 increased levels were not influenced by FoxP3 promoter polymorphisms (rs3761548, rs3761547).
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Dasturian
- Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences Hormozgan Health Institute Molecular Medicine Research Center Bandar Abbas Iran Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.,Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine Department of Biochemistry Bandar Abbas Iran Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Nadereh Naderi
- Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine Department of Immunology Bandar Abbas Iran Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Farshidfar
- Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences Hormozgan Health Institute Molecular Medicine Research Center Bandar Abbas Iran Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Hossein Montazerghaem
- Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences Cardiovascular Research Center Bandar Abbas Iran Cardiovascular Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mahmood Khayatian
- Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences Hormozgan Health Institute Molecular Medicine Research Center Bandar Abbas Iran Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Sara Aghakhani Chegeni
- Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences Hormozgan Health Institute Molecular Medicine Research Center Bandar Abbas Iran Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mahsa Rahimzadeh
- Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences Hormozgan Health Institute Molecular Medicine Research Center Bandar Abbas Iran Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.,Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine Department of Biochemistry Bandar Abbas Iran Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.,Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences Cardiovascular Research Center Bandar Abbas Iran Cardiovascular Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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19
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FOXP3rs3761548 gene variant and interleukin-35 serum levels as biomarkers in patients with multiple sclerosis. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2020; 177:647-654. [PMID: 32988630 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2020.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Aberrant expression of transcription factor forkhead box P3 (FoxP3) has been suggested to underlie different immunological disorders as FOXP3 expression is essential for T regulatory cells (Tregs) to maintain their suppressive and anti-inflammatory functions and exert immunologic self-tolerance. Interleukin-35 (IL-35) is an important immunosuppressive cytokine that is produced mainly by CD4+ FOXP3+ Tregs. OBJECTIVES To assess the possible role of the FOXP3 rs3761548 (C/A) single-nucleotide variation (SNV) in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Also, measurement of the serum IL-35 concentration and study its relation to different genotypes and the degree of disease-related disability. METHODS A total of 100 RRMS patients and 90 healthy control subjects were subjected to genotyping for the FOXP3 (rs3761548) variant by TaqMan real-time PCR, and measurement of the IL-35 level in their sera by Elisa. RESULTS The frequencies of the AA genotype and A allele were significantly higher in the MS patients than in the healthy controls (P=0.008, OR=2.53, 95% CI=1.27-5.04; P=0.001, OR=1.98, 95% CI=1.31-3.00, respectively). There was a significant association between FOXP3 rs3761548 variant and female MS patients. The serum IL-35 level was significantly higher in MS patients (1372 [575-2192] pg/mL) compared to healthy controls (604 [454-696] pg/mL) (P<0.0001). No significant differences were found between the different FOXP3 genotypes and EDSS score (P=0.730). CONCLUSION The FOXP3rs3761548 gene variant may influence the genetic susceptibility to MS rather than affecting its course, severity or progression. The serum IL-35 level might have a role in the development of the disease, however its role in disease-related disability is questionable.
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20
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Chatrabnous N, Ghaderi A, Ariafar A, Razeghnia MS, Nemati M, Jafarzadeh A. Response to: Letter to the Editor on "Serum concentration of interleukin-35 and its association with tumor stages and FOXP3 gene polymorphism in patients with prostate cancer (Cytokine, 113 (2019), pp. 221-227)". Cytokine 2020; 135:155262. [PMID: 32871322 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Chatrabnous
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Laboratory Sciences, Para-Medicine School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Abass Ghaderi
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Ariafar
- Urology-Oncology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Razeghnia
- Department of Immunology, Sirjan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Nemati
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Para-Medicine School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Immunology, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
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21
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Cezar-Dos-Santos F, Berti FCB, Okuyama NCM, Trugilo KP, Simão ANC, Watanabe MAE, Brajão de Oliveira K. FOXP3 Genetic Variants Do Not Impact Circulating and Cervical Interleukin-10 Levels in Human Papillomavirus Infection in Women. Viral Immunol 2020; 33:652-655. [PMID: 32634048 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2020.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cell (Treg) lineage plays a central role in inflammation and autoimmunity control. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) has been described as a pleiotropic cytokine that is mainly released by CD4+ CD25+ FOXP3+ Treg cells and has a potent immunosuppressive activity. Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) transcription factor expression is crucial for Treg to function as a suppressor cell, and FOXP3 gene single nucleotide variants (SNVs) have already been shown to influence on viral pathogenesis. This study was conducted to evaluate the plasmatic and cervical levels of IL-10 in human papillomavirus-infected and uninfected patients and investigate whether the FOXP3 intron -1 SNVs rs3761548 and rs2232365 might alter IL-10 secretion. SNVs were genotyped by the characterization of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products based on sequence-specific enzymatic cleavage using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method. IL-10 levels were determined by quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In conclusion, the data indicate that there is no association between FOXP3 SNVs and circulating and cervical IL-10 levels. This finding provides a rationale that IL-10 gene activation is independent of FOXP3 transcription factor activities on Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Cezar-Dos-Santos
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Costa Brandão Berti
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Nádia Calvo Martins Okuyama
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Kleber Paiva Trugilo
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Andréa Name Colado Simão
- Research Laboratory in Applied Immunology, Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, Health Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Maria Angélica Ehara Watanabe
- Laboratory of Studies and Applications of DNA Polymorphisms and Immunology, Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Karen Brajão de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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22
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Cacabelos R. Pharmacogenomics of drugs used to treat brain disorders. EXPERT REVIEW OF PRECISION MEDICINE AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/23808993.2020.1738217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Cacabelos
- International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, Corunna, Spain
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23
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Akgöllü E. Evaluation of Forkhead Box P3 gene polymorphisms in chronic HBV infection. J Gene Med 2020; 22:e3172. [PMID: 32037623 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection causes liver failure, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The FOXP3 gene polymorphisms, the rs2232365 A/G and the rs3761548 A/C, were identified to be associated with regulatory T cell-mediated immunosuppression. The response to HBV infection may be affected by FOXP3 polymorphisms. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between FOXP3 gene polymorphisms and chronic HBV infection risk. METHODS FOXP3 gene polymorphisms were explored in 237 chronic HBV patients and in 237 individuals with HBV spontaneous clearance using a real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The patients with rs2232365 AG and rs3761548 AC genotype had a 1.20- and a 1.58-fold greater HBV risk than non-carriers patients, although they were not significant. Moreover, the AA genotypes of both polymorphisms in the males and females had an increased the persistent HBV risk, although this also was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the present study is the first report to demonstrate that these polymorphisms have no effect on the risk of chronic HBV infection. This results suggest that FOXP3 gene polymorphisms and FOXP3 expression should be evaluated together with frequency of regulatory T cells in HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ersin Akgöllü
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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24
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Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Ferns GA, Moghbeli M. Genetic and molecular determinants of prostate cancer among Iranian patients: An update. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2020; 57:37-53. [PMID: 31895010 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2019.1657061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common age-related cancers among men. Various environmental and genetic factors are involved in the development and progression of PCa. In most cases, the primary symptoms of disease are not severe. Therefore, it is common for patients to be referred with severe clinical manifestations at advanced stages of disease. Since this malignancy is age related and Iran will face a significant increase in the number of seniors, it is expected that the prevalence of PCa among Iranian men will rise. PCa progression has been observed to be associated with genetic and ethnic factors. It may therefore be clinically useful to determine a panel of genetic markers, in addition to routine diagnostic methods, to detect tumors in the early stages. In the present review, we have summarized the reported genetic markers in PCa Iranian patients to pave the way for the determination of an ethnic specific genetic marker panel for the early detection of PCa. To understand the genetic and molecular biology of PCa among Iranians, we have categorized these genetic markers based on their cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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25
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Moghbeli M. Genetic and Molecular Biology of Multiple Sclerosis Among Iranian Patients: An Overview. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 40:65-85. [PMID: 31482432 PMCID: PMC11448812 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00731-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one if the common types of autoimmune disorders in developed countries. Various environmental and genetic factors are associated with initiation and progression of MS. It is believed that the life style changes can be one of the main environmental risk factors. The environmental factors are widely studied and reported, whereas minority of reports have considered the role of genetic factors in biology of MS. Although Iran is a low-risk country in the case of MS prevalence, it has been shown that there was a dramatically rising trend of MS prevalence among Iranian population during recent decades. Therefore, it is required to assess the probable MS risk factors in Iran. In the present study, we summarized all of the reported genes until now which have been associated with MS susceptibility among Iranian patients. To clarify the probable molecular biology of MS progression, we categorized these reported genes based on their cellular functions. This review paves the way of introducing a specific population-based diagnostic panel of genetic markers among the Iranian population for the first time in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Moghbeli
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Zhang Y, Zhang J, Liu H, He F, Chen A, Yang H, Pi B. Meta-analysis of FOXP3 gene rs3761548 and rs2232365 polymorphism and multiple sclerosis susceptibility. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e17224. [PMID: 31567981 PMCID: PMC6756718 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000017224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS), and is associated with genetic factors. FOXP3 gene polymorphism has been reported as the risk factor for MS, however, previous studies have showed conflicting results. The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between FOXP3 gene polymorphism and the susceptibility to MS. METHODS Pubmed, Embase, library of Cochrane, and Web of Science were used to search the eligible articles from January 1980 up to October 2018. The odds ratio (ORs) and its 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to evaluate the strength of association. Allele model, homozygote model, heterozygote model, dominant model, and recessive model were used to evaluate the association between FOXP3 gene polymorphism and MS. RESULTS A total of 5 studies contained 1276 MS patients and 1447 controls (for rs3761548) and 600 MS patients and 640 controls (for rs2232365) were enrolled in this meta-analysis. The association showed significant differences in allele and dominant model for rs3761548 polymorphism. In addition, a clear tendency to significance was detected in homozygote and recessive model for rs3761548 (P = .052). Subgroup analysis indicated a significant risk of MS in all genotype models but heterozygotes in Asians. CONCLUSION FOXP3 gene polymorphism rs3761548 was associated with a higher MS risk, especially in Asians. This conclusion needs to be validated in more large samples and multiracial studies. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III diagnostic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijian Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
- Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Junxin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
- Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
- Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fan He
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
- Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | | | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
- Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bin Pi
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
- Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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mTOR Inhibitor Everolimus in Regulatory T Cell Expansion for Clinical Application in Transplantation. Transplantation 2019; 103:705-715. [PMID: 30451741 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000002495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental and preclinical evidence suggest that adoptive transfer of regulatory T (Treg) cells could be an appropriate therapeutic strategy to induce tolerance and improve graft survival in transplanted patients. The University of Kentucky Transplant Service Line is developing a novel phase I/II clinical trial with ex vivo expanded autologous Treg cells as an adoptive cellular therapy in renal transplant recipients who are using everolimus (EVR)-based immunosuppressive regimen. METHODS The aim of this study was to determine the mechanisms of action and efficacy of EVR for the development of functionally competent Treg cell-based adoptive immunotherapy in transplantation to integrate a common EVR-based regimen in vivo (in the patient) and ex vivo (in the expansion of autologous Treg cells). CD25 Treg cells were selected from leukapheresis product with a GMP-compliant cell separation system and placed in 5-day (short) or 21-day (long) culture with EVR or rapamycin (RAPA). Multi-parametric flow cytometry analyses were used to monitor the expansion rates, phenotype, autophagic flux, and suppressor function of the cells. phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway profiles of treated cells were analyzed by Western blot and cell bioenergetic parameters by extracellular flux analysis. RESULTS EVR-treated cells showed temporary slower growth, lower metabolic rates, and reduced phosphorylation of protein kinase B compared with RAPA-treated cells. In spite of these differences, the expansion rates, phenotype, and suppressor function of long-term Treg cells in culture with EVR were similar to those with RAPA. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the feasibility of EVR to expand functionally competent Treg cells for their clinical use.
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Mohd Jaya FN, Garcia SG, Borràs FE, Chan GC, Franquesa M. Paradoxical role of Breg-inducing cytokines in autoimmune diseases. J Transl Autoimmun 2019; 2:100011. [PMID: 32743499 PMCID: PMC7388338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2019.100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory B cells (Breg) are crucial immunoregulators that maintain peripheral tolerance and suppress inflammatory autoimmune responses. In recent years, our understanding on the nature and mechanism of action of Bregs has revealed the important role of cytokines in promoting the regulatory properties of this unique B cell subset, both in animal and human models. In this review, we compiled the cytokines that have been reported by multiple studies to induce the expansion of Breg. The Breg-inducing cytokines which are currently known include IL-21, IL-6, IL1β, IFNα, IL-33, IL-35, BAFF and APRIL. As cytokines are also known to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, in parallel we reviewed the pattern of expression of the Breg-inducing cytokines in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) and Multiple Sclerosis (MS). We show here that Breg-inducing cytokines are commonly implicated in these inflammatory diseases where they typically have a higher expression than in healthy individuals, suggesting their paradoxical nature. Interestingly, despite the general overexpression of Breg-inducing cytokines, it is known that Breg cells are often numerically or functionally impaired in various autoimmune conditions. Considering these alterations, we explored the possible parameters that may influence the function of Breg-inducing cytokines in exhibiting either their regulatory or pro-inflammatory properties in the context of autoimmune conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatin N. Mohd Jaya
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong
- Corresponding author.
| | - Sergio G. Garcia
- REMAR-IVECAT Group, Health Science Research Institute Germans Trias I Pujol, Can Ruti Campus, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Francesc E. Borràs
- REMAR-IVECAT Group, Health Science Research Institute Germans Trias I Pujol, Can Ruti Campus, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Godfrey C.F. Chan
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong
| | - Marcella Franquesa
- REMAR-IVECAT Group, Health Science Research Institute Germans Trias I Pujol, Can Ruti Campus, 08916, Badalona, Spain
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The rs3761548 FOXP3 variant is associated with multiple sclerosis and transforming growth factor β1 levels in female patients. Inflamm Res 2019; 68:933-943. [PMID: 31414141 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-019-01275-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between rs3761548 FOXP3 (-3279 C > A) variant and multiple sclerosis (MS), disability, disability progression, as well as transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and interleukin (IL)-10 plasma levels in MS patients. METHODS AND SUBJECTS The study included 170 MS patients and 182 controls. Disability was evaluated using Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and categorized as mild (EDSS ≤ 3) and moderate/high (EDSS > 3). Disability progression was evaluated using Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score (MSSS). The rs3761548 variant was determined with polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Plasma levels of TGF-β1 and IL-10 were determined using immunofluorimetric assay. RESULTS CA and AA genotypes were associated with MS [odds ratio (OR) 2.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.66-3.53, p = 0.012; OR 8.19, 95% CI 3.04-22.07, p < 0.001, respectively). With the dominant model, the CA + AA genotypes were associated with MS (OR 2.57, 95% CI 1.50-4.37, p < 0.001). In the recessive model, the AA genotype was also associated with MS (OR 5.38, 95% CI 2.12-13.64, p < 0.001). After adjustment by age, ethnicity, BMI and smoking, all these results remained significant, as well as female patients carrying the CA + AA genotypes showed higher TGF-β1 than those carrying the CC genotype (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.001-1.054, p = 0.043). No association was observed between the genotypes and disability, disability progression and IL-10 levels. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the A allele of FOXP3 -3279 C > A variant may exert a role in the T regulatory cell function, which could be one of the factors involved in the susceptibility for MS in females.
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Lin Y, Xue Y, Huang X, Lu J, Yang Z, Ye J, Zhang S, Liu L, Liu Y, Shi Y. Association between interleukin-35 polymorphisms and coronary heart disease in the Chinese Zhuang population: a case-control study. Coron Artery Dis 2019; 29:423-428. [PMID: 29738342 DOI: 10.1097/mca.0000000000000635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Inflammatory cytokines play an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Few studies have investigated the association between interleukin-35 (IL-35) genetic variants and the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). We examined the association between IL-35 polymorphisms and CHD in the Chinese Zhuang population. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 707 CHD patients and 707 age-matched and sex-matched controls were enrolled in this case-control study. Genotypes of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of IL-35, including rs428253, rs6613, rs9807813, rs2243115, rs568408, rs582054, rs583911, rs4740, and rs393581, were examined by MassArray. Plasma IL-35 level was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to evaluate the association between the SNPs and the risk of CHD. RESULTS In the Chinese Zhuang population, compared with the GG genotype of EBI3 rs428253, individuals with the CC genotype had a 2.02-fold (95% confidence interval: 1.07-3.84, P=0.031) higher risk of CHD. Further adjustment for potential risk factors did not alter the positive association (CC vs. GG, odds ratio=2.30, 95% confidence interval: 1.16-4.54, P=0.042). SNPs rs4740, rs2243115, rs568408, and rs582054 were not statistically related to the risk of CHD. The plasma IL-35 levels showed a marginally significant difference between rs428253 genotypes [GG: 13.39 (7.89-19.25) vs. CC+GC: 17.53 (8.98-22.56) pg/ml, P=0.057]. CONCLUSION The EBI3 rs428253 CC genotype was associated with an increased risk of CHD in the Chinese Zhuang population, although no significant difference in IL-35 levels was observed between genotypes in healthy controls.
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Luo M, Peng H, Chen P, Zhou Y. The immunomodulatory role of interleukin-35 in fibrotic diseases. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2019; 15:431-439. [PMID: 30590954 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2019.1564041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fibrosis makes numerous diseases in all organs more complicated and leads to severe consequences in the lung, liver, heart, kidney, and skin. In essence, fibrosis results from excessive, persistent and oftentimes nonreversible aggregation of extracellular matrix (ECM) or simply as collagen during the process of tissue injury and repair. Recent studies suggest the pathology of fibrosis, especially in pulmonary and liver fibrosis, involves various types of immune cells and soluble mediators including interleukin (IL)-35, a recently identified heterodimeric cytokine that belongs to the IL-12 cytokine family. Furthermore, IL-35 may inhibit fibrotic diseases. However, the side effects of inhibiting IL-35 also need attention and we have a long way to go to make better use of it in fibrotic diseases. Areas covered: This review focuses on recent evidence regarding the role of IL-35 in the pathogenesis of pulmonary, hepatic, cardiac, renal and skin fibrosis. It also discusses targeting of IL-35 as a promising novel strategy for treatment of fibrotic diseases. Expert commentary: Understanding as fully as possible the relationship between IL-35 and fibrotic diseases is important for the development of new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Luo
- a Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital , Central South University , Changsha , China.,b Research Unit of Respiratory Disease , Central South University , Changsha , China.,c Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease , Central South University , Changsha , China
| | - Hong Peng
- a Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital , Central South University , Changsha , China.,b Research Unit of Respiratory Disease , Central South University , Changsha , China.,c Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease , Central South University , Changsha , China
| | - Ping Chen
- a Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital , Central South University , Changsha , China.,b Research Unit of Respiratory Disease , Central South University , Changsha , China.,c Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease , Central South University , Changsha , China
| | - Yong Zhou
- d Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine , University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham , AL , USA
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Reyes VE, Peniche AG. Helicobacter pylori Deregulates T and B Cell Signaling to Trigger Immune Evasion. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2019; 421:229-265. [PMID: 31123892 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-15138-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a prevalent human pathogen that successfully establishes chronic infection, which leads to clinically significant gastric diseases including chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease (PUD), and gastric cancer (GC). H. pylori is able to produce a persistent infection due in large part to its ability to hijack the host immune response. The host adaptive immune response is activated to strategically and specifically attack pathogens and normally clears them from the infected host. Since B and T lymphocytes are central mediators of adaptive immunity, in this chapter we review their development and the fundamental mechanisms regulating their activation in order to understand how some of the normal processes are subverted by H. pylori. In this review, we place particular emphasis on the CD4+ T cell responses, their subtypes, and regulatory mechanisms because of the expanding literature in this area related to H. pylori. T lymphocyte differentiation and function are finely orchestrated through a series of cell-cell interactions, which include immune checkpoint receptors. Among the immune checkpoint receptor family, there are some with inhibitory properties that are exploited by tumor cells to facilitate their immune evasion. Gastric epithelial cells (GECs), which act as antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the gastric mucosa, are induced by H. pylori to express immune checkpoint receptors known to sway T lymphocyte function and thus circumvent effective T effector lymphocyte responses. This chapter reviews these and other mechanisms used by H. pylori to interfere with host immunity in order to persist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor E Reyes
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Alex G Peniche
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
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Chatrabnous N, Ghaderi A, Ariafar A, Razeghinia MS, Nemati M, Jafarzadeh A. Serum concentration of interleukin-35 and its association with tumor stages and FOXP3 gene polymorphism in patients with prostate cancer. Cytokine 2019; 113:221-227. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Wawrusiewicz-Kurylonek N, Chorąży M, Posmyk R, Zajkowska O, Zajkowska A, Krętowski AJ, Tarasiuk J, Kochanowicz J, Kułakowska A. The FOXP3 rs3761547 Gene Polymorphism in Multiple Sclerosis as a Male-Specific Risk Factor. Neuromolecular Med 2018; 20:537-543. [PMID: 30229436 PMCID: PMC6244921 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-018-8512-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The FOXP3 gene encodes a transcription factor and is predominantly expressed in the CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells which plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of immune homeostasis. The defect of FOXP3 gene may provide a critical link between autoimmunity and immune deficiency. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the association of chosen polymorphisms of FOXP3 gene (rs3761549, rs3761548, rs3761547) with different clinical multiple sclerosis (MS) data of our relapsing-remitting groups of patients and in control group. The study was performed on a group consisting of 174 relapsing-remitting MS patients, diagnosed under 40 years of life, and 174 healthy volunteers. Genotyping was performed using a real-time PCR-based method by TaqMan Assays. Significant differences in distribution of allele C rs3761547 were found in male MS patients in comparison to the male healthy group (p = 0.046, OR 1.95, CI 95%). No association between MS and the other two polymorphisms was observed in males and females of both studied groups. Our data may suggest that FOXP3 rs3761547 gene polymorphism are related notably with the increased risk of MS development in males patients. To our knowledge this is the first study which indicates gender-specific relation between rs3761547 FOXP3 gene polymorphism and multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Wawrusiewicz-Kurylonek
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Białystok, Poland
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Monika Chorąży
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Renata Posmyk
- Department of Perinatology, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Olga Zajkowska
- Faculty of Applied Informatics and Mathematics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Zajkowska
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Adam Jacek Krętowski
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Białystok, Poland
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Tarasiuk
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Jan Kochanowicz
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Alina Kułakowska
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
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Khalife E, Khodadadi A, Talaeizadeh A, Rahimian L, Nemati M, Jafarzadeh A. Overexpression of Regulatory T Cell-Related Markers (FOXP3, CTLA-4 and GITR) by Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Patients with Breast Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:3019-3025. [PMID: 30484986 PMCID: PMC6318404 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2018.19.11.3019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Regulatory T (Treg) cells are immunosuppressor lymphocytes that play a critical role in the establishment and progression of cancers. A number of markers, especially FOXP3, CTLA-4 and GITR influence the function of Treg cells. This investigation aimed to evaluate the expression of a number of important Treg cell-related markers by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from newly-diagnosed women with breast cancer. Methods: The fresh PBMCs were obtained from 20 women with breast cancer and 20 healthy individuals. The PBMCs from both groups were cultured for 32 hours in the presence or absence of PHA (10 μg/ml). After total RNA extraction from cultured PBMCs, the expression of the FOXP3, CTLA-4 and GITR transcripts was assessed using real time-PCR. Results: The mRNA expression of FOXP3, CTLA-4 and GITR in unstimulated PBMCs from patients with breast cancer were significantly higher than healthy control group (P<0.05, P<0.03 and P<0.04, respectively). Similarly, the expression of FOXP3, CTLA-4 and GITR transcripts in PHA-stimulated PBMCs from patients with breast cancer were significantly increased in comparison with healthy individuals (P<0.01, P<0.005 and P<0.01, respectively). Conclusion: The increased expression of FOXP3, CTLA-4 and GITR represent higher activity of Treg cells in patients with breast cancer that may play an important role in the tumor establishment and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmat Khalife
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
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Etesam Z, Nemati M, Ebrahimizadeh MA, Ebrahimi HA, Hajghani H, Khalili T, Jafarzadeh A. Different Expressions of Specific Transcription Factors of Th1 ( T-bet) and Th2 cells ( GATA-3) by Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells From Patients With Multiple Sclerosis. Basic Clin Neurosci 2018; 9:458-469. [PMID: 30719260 PMCID: PMC6359686 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.9.6.458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disorder caused by self-reactive Th1 lymphocytes, while Th2 cells may confer protection. The Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation are regulated by specific transcription factors, especially T-bet and GATA-3, respectively. This investigation aimed to measure the T-bet and GATA-3 expression by Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) obtained from MS patients after specific and non-specific in vitro stimulation. Methods: The PBMCs were separated from 22 patients with MS and 20 healthy individuals. They were cultured at 37°C for 24 h in the absence of a stimulator or in the presence of Myelin oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG) or Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) at a concentration of 10 μg/mL. Then the T-bet and GATA-3 expression was measured by real time-PCR. Results: The T-bet expression was enhanced, while the GATA-3 expression diminished. Therefore the expression of T-bet/GATA-3 ratio diminished in not-stimulated, MOG-stimulated and PHA-stimulated PBMCs from MS patients compared with equal cultures from the healthy individuals (P<0.01, P<0.01 and P<0.01, for T-bet; P<0.03, P<0.01 and P<0.02, for GATA-3; P<0.01, P<0.001 and P<0.01 for T-bet/GATA-3 ratio, respectively). The not-stimulated, MOG-stimulated, and PHA-stimulated PBMCs from men with MS expressed higher amounts of GATA-3 than equal cells from MS women (P<0.05, P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). Conclusion: These results probably indicate an imbalance in Th1/Th2 cells in the level of transcription factors with a tendency toward Th1 cells in MS. The clinical utilization of the transcription factors as novel biomarkers of MS should be evaluated in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Etesam
- Neurology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Nemati
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Department of Hematology and Laboratory Sciences, School of Para-Medical, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | | | - Hossain Hajghani
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Tahereh Khalili
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medical, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
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Zhang X, Zhang X, Zhuang L, Xu C, Li T, Zhang G, Liu Y. Decreased regulatory T-cell frequency and interleukin-35 levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:5366-5372. [PMID: 30542496 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-35 (IL-35) is a newly discovered anti-inflammatory cytokine predominantly released by regulatory T cells (Tregs) and may serve an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. The levels of IL-35 and corresponding Treg frequencies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have scarcely been reported. The present study aimed to detect serum IL-35 levels and Treg frequencies in patients with RA, and analyze their association with each other and with indicators of RA. A total of 55 patients with RA, including 37 active-phase (AP) and 18 chronic-phase (CP) cases, as well as 20 healthy controls (HC), were recruited. Clinical parameters, including erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibody and 28-joint disease activity score (DAS28) were assessed. The Treg frequency in peripheral blood (PB) was determined by flow cytometry. IL-35 mRNA in PB mononuclear cells of the patients with RA was measured by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, and IL-35 levels in the serum were detected by ELISA. The correlations between IL-35 levels and the abovementioned indexes were analyzed by determining Pearson's correlation coefficient. The results of the present study indicated that the Treg frequency was significantly decreased in patients with RA compared with that in HC. No significant difference in Treg frequency between the AP and CP groups of RA patients was identified. In addition, the serum IL-35 levels and mRNA expression in RA patients were obviously lower than those in the HC. Of note, the serum IL-35 levels were negatively correlated with the ESR and DAS28 of patients with RA, while no correlation with CRP, RF or anti-CCP antibodies was identified. In addition, a significant positive correlation was revealed between serum IL-35 levels and the Treg frequency. These results suggest that IL-35 and Tregs have a protective role regarding the development of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolu Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Lili Zhuang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Cangcang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Immunology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Guili Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
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Bassagh A, Hayatbakhsh Abasi M, Larussa T, Ghazizadeh M, Nemati M, Mirkamandar E, Jafarzadeh A. Diminished circulating concentration of interleukin-35 in Helicobacter pylori-infected patients with peptic ulcer: Its association with FOXP3 gene polymorphism, bacterial virulence factor CagA, and gender of patients. Helicobacter 2018; 23:e12501. [PMID: 29938865 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-35 modulates immune and inflammatory responses during infections. Here, we investigated IL-35 levels and a single nucleotide polymorphism, rs3761548, in FOXP3 gene in Helicobacter pylori-infected patients with peptic ulcer (PU), to clarify possible associations. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study includes 100 H. pylori-infected PU patients, 100 H. pylori-infected asymptomatic subjects (AS), and 100 noninfected healthy subjects (NHSs). Serum IL-35 levels and the genotyping were determined using ELISA and RFLP-PCR methods, respectively. RESULTS In PU patients, the IL-35 levels were lower than AS and NHS groups (P < .001). The IL-35 levels in CagA+ H. pylori-infected participants from PU and AS groups were lower than individuals infected with CagA- strains (P < .02 and P < .04, respectively). Women had higher IL-35 levels than men among PU, AS, and NHS groups (P < .0001). In PU patients, AA genotype and A allele at rs3761548 were more frequent than total healthy subjects (AS + NHS groups) and associated with an increased PU risk (AA genotype: OR = 5.51, P < .0001; A allele: OR = 3.857, P < .002). In PU and AS groups, IL-35 levels were lower in subjects displaying AA genotype or A allele than subjects displaying CC genotype or C allele, respectively (P < .0001 and P < .03 for PU patients; P < .001 and P < .02 for AS group, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Decreased IL-35 levels could be involved in PU development in H. pylori-infected individuals. IL-35 levels are affected by CagA status of H. pylori, participants gender, and genetic variations at rs3761548. The AA genotype and A allele at rs3761548 could represent a risk factor for PU development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Bassagh
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Tiziana Larussa
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Maryam Nemati
- Department of Haematology and Laboratory Sciences, School of Para-Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ehsan Mirkamandar
- Department of Haematology and Laboratory Sciences, School of Para-Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
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Morris G, Maes M, Murdjeva M, Puri BK. Do Human Endogenous Retroviruses Contribute to Multiple Sclerosis, and if So, How? Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:2590-2605. [PMID: 30047100 PMCID: PMC6459794 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1255-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The gammaretroviral human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) families MRSV/HERV-W and HERV-H (including the closely related HERV-Fc1) are associated with an increased risk of multiple sclerosis (MS). Complete HERV sequences betray their endogenous retroviral origin, with open reading frames in gag, pro, pol and env being flanked by two long terminal repeats containing promoter and enhancer sequences with the capacity to regulate HERV transactivation and the activity of host genes in spite of endogenous epigenetic repression mechanisms. HERV virions, RNA, cDNA, Gag and Env, and antibodies to HERV transcriptional products, have variously been found in the blood and/or brain and/or cerebrospinal fluid of MS patients, with the HERV expression level being associated with disease status. Furthermore, some HERV-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), such as rs662139 T/C in a 3-kb region of Xq22.3 containing a HERV-W env locus, and rs391745, upstream of the HERV-Fc1 locus on the X chromosome, are associated with MS susceptibility, while a negative association has been reported with SNPs in the tripartite motif-containing (TRIM) protein-encoding genes TRIM5 and TRIM22. Factors affecting HERV transcription include immune activation and inflammation, since HERV promoter regions possess binding sites for related transcription factors; oxidative stress, with oxidation of guanine to 8-oxoguanine and conversion of cytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine preventing binding of methyl groups transferred by DNA methyltransferases; oxidative stress also inhibits the activity of deacetylases, thereby favouring the acetylation of histone lysine residues favouring gene expression; interferon beta; natalizumab treatment; impaired epigenetic regulation; and the sex of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Maes
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Marianna Murdjeva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Basant K Puri
- Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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IL-35 inhibits human osteoclastogenesis from monocytes induced by receptor-activator of NF-κB ligand. Cent Eur J Immunol 2018; 43:148-154. [PMID: 30135626 PMCID: PMC6102623 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2018.77384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-35 is known as a regulatory cytokine produced by regulatory T cells. It has also been reported that IL-35 suppresses the proliferation of Th17 cells, which is involved in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases. However, in rheumatoid arthritis patients, the role of IL-35 is controversial, and the role of IL-35 in bone metabolism has not been clarified. We investigated the effect of IL-35 on human osteoclast differentiation and activation. We first evaluated the effect of rhIL-35 on human osteoclastogenesis from monocytes cultured alone, induced by soluble-RANKL. We also examined the role of IL-35 on the bone-resorption function of mature osteoclasts. Furthermore, we analysed the molecular mechanism of IL-35 function in monocytes or pre-osteoclasts using RT-PCR. rhIL-35 significantly inhibited human osteoclastogenesis in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, rhIL-35 also significantly decreased the area of pit formation by mature osteoclasts. rhIL-35 significantly decreased mRNA expression of RANK in monocytes and RANK and FOS in pre-osteoclasts. Our current findings suggest that IL-35 inhibits osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast activation by inhibiting both RANK and FOS. IL-35 also has an inhibitory effect on osteoclastic-bone resorption, suggesting that IL-35 may have a therapeutic potential for RA.
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41
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Xu C, Zhu H, Shen R, Feng Q, Zhou H, Zhao Z. IL-35 is a Protective Immunomodulator in Brain Ischemic Injury in Mice. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:1454-1463. [PMID: 29916094 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2560-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
IL-35 has been identified as a novel anti-inflammatory cytokine that belongs to the IL-12 cytokine family and has been verified to play a protective role in autoimmune diseases. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of IL-35 on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in a middle cerebral artery occlusion mouse model. We determined that the expression of IL-35 was initially decreased and subsequently increased in I/R injury. Moreover, IL-35 (i.c.v.) pre- and posttreatment significantly reduced the infarct volume and improved neurological deficits after 45 min of ischemia and 24 h of reperfusion. Importantly, IL-35 treatment improved neurological function recovery, particularly in balance ability, at 14 days after treatment. Finally, our results showed that IL-35 treatment reduced the expression of IL-6 and IL-1β, which are confirmed proinflammatory cytokines, thus indicating that these cytokines have both been linked to the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of IL-35. Therefore, IL-35 may be a key immune mediator in brain ischemic injury and appears to have promising potential for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Rong Shen
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qian Feng
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Zhong Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China.
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42
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Chalah MA, Ayache SS. Is there a link between inflammation and fatigue in multiple sclerosis? J Inflamm Res 2018; 11:253-264. [PMID: 29922081 PMCID: PMC5995280 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s167199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Among autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system stands multiple sclerosis (MS), which is characterized by demyelination, synaptopathy, and neurodegeneration. MS fatigue can affect up to 90% of patients and be very disabling, with a drastic impact on their quality of life. To date, the evaluation of MS fatigue has relied mainly on subjective scales, and actual therapeutic interventions are challenged by modest efficacy and numerous undesirable effects. Therefore, finding biomarkers of MS fatigue might help in optimizing evaluation and treatment strategies. The main objective here was to assess the relationship between MS fatigue and inflammatory or other immunomediated markers. Methods Research was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Computerized databases (ie, PubMed/Medline and Scopus) were consulted till February 2018 aiming to identify articles that addressed inflammation and MS fatigue. Studies in English and French published at any time were considered. Results A total of 27 studies matched the research criteria. Inconsistency existed regarding the relationship between fatigue and the orexin A system, hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis, and cerebrospinal fluid inflammatory markers. As for peripheral markers, although there was scarcity in the available data, serum proinflammatory cytokines (ie, IL6, TNFα, and IFNγ) seem to be associated with MS fatigue. Finally, no link was found between MS fatigue and T-cell populations (ie, CD3+CD4+ T lymphocytes, regulatory T cells) or other peripheral markers of inflammation (ie, CRP, erythrocyte-sedimentation rate, soluble ICAM1). Conclusion Future large-scale studies would benefit from comparing the relationship between fatigue and immune measures in patients with different disease phenotypes with and without disease-modifying drugs. With the subjective nature of fatigue scales, finding objective biomarkers for fatigue would be of great help.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moussa A Chalah
- EA 4391, Excitabilité Nerveuse et Thérapeutique, Université Paris-Est-Créteil, Créteil, France.,Service de Physiologie - Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France
| | - Samar S Ayache
- EA 4391, Excitabilité Nerveuse et Thérapeutique, Université Paris-Est-Créteil, Créteil, France.,Service de Physiologie - Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France.,Neurology Division, Lebanese American University Medical Center, Rizk Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
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43
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Su LC, Liu XY, Huang AF, Xu WD. Emerging role of IL-35 in inflammatory autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2018; 17:665-673. [PMID: 29729445 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin 35 (IL-35) is the recently identified member of the IL-12 family of cytokines and provides the possibility to be a target for new therapies for autoimmune, inflammatory diseases. It is composed of an α chain (p35) and a β chain (EBI3). IL-35 mediates signaling by binding to its receptors, activates subsequent signaling pathways, and therefore, regulates the differentiation, function of T, B cells, macrophages, dendritic cells. Recent findings have shown abnormal expression of IL-35 in inflammatory autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, autoimmune hepatitis, experimental autoimmune uveitis. In addition, functional analysis suggested that IL-35 is critical in the onset and development of these diseases. Therefore, the present study will systematically review what had been occurred regarding IL-35 in inflammatory autoimmune disease. The information collected will help to understand the biologic role of IL-35 in immune cells, and give information about the therapeutic potential of IL-35 in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Chong Su
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Occurrence and Intervention of Rheumatic diseases, Affiliated Minda Hospital of Hubei Institute for Nationalities, 2 Wufengshan Road, Enshi, Hubei 445000, PR China; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Minda Hospital of Hubei Institute for Nationalities, 2 Wufengshan Road, Enshi, Hubei 445000, PR China
| | - Xiao-Yan Liu
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, 1 Xianglin Road, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, PR China
| | - An-Fang Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Road, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, PR China.
| | - Wang-Dong Xu
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, 1 Xianglin Road, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, PR China.
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44
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Association of Interleukin-12B Gene Polymorphism With Multiple Sclerosis in Patients From Southeast of Iran. ARCHIVES OF NEUROSCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/archneurosci.63360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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45
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Jafarzadeh A, Azizi SV, Arabi Z, Ahangar-Parvin R, Mohammadi-Kordkhayli M, Larussa T, Khatami F, Nemati M. Vitamin D down-regulates the expression of some Th17 cell-related cytokines, key inflammatory chemokines, and chemokine receptors in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Nutr Neurosci 2018; 22:725-737. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2018.1436237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sayyed Vahab Azizi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Zahra Arabi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Rayhaneh Ahangar-Parvin
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | | | - Tiziana Larussa
- Department of Health Science, University of Catanzaro ‘Magna Graecia’, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Fariba Khatami
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Maryam Nemati
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Para-Medicine School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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46
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Jafarzadeh A, Larussa T, Nemati M, Jalapour S. T cell subsets play an important role in the determination of the clinical outcome of Helicobacter pylori infection. Microb Pathog 2018; 116:227-236. [PMID: 29407232 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most prevalent human pathogen and a persistent infection with this bacterium causes common pathologies, such as gastritis or peptic ulcers, and also less common but more serious pathologies, such as gastric cancer or gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. The clinical outcome of gastrointestinal infection sustained by H. pylori is determined by the reciprocal interactions between virulence factors of the bacterium and host factors, including immune response genes. Although H. pylori induces a strong immune response, the bacterium is not eliminated. The eradication failure could be attributed to the bacterial capability to regulate helper T (Th) cell-related responses. H. pylori specific CD4+ T cells play a fundamental role in regulating host immunity and immunopathologic events. It has been documented that Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17, Th22 and T regulatory (Treg) cells, separately or in coordination with each other, can affect the outcome of the infection sustained by of H. pylori. Some studies indicated that both Th1 and Th17 cells may be protective or pathogenic, whereas Treg and Th2 cells perform anti-inflammatory impacts during H. pylori infection. This review gathers recent information regarding the association of the CD4+ T cells-mediated immunological responses and the clinical consequence of H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Tiziana Larussa
- Department of Health Science, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maryam Nemati
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Para-Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Shila Jalapour
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
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47
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Nemati M, Malla N, Yadav M, Khorramdelazad H, Jafarzadeh A. Humoral and T cell-mediated immune response against trichomoniasis. Parasite Immunol 2018; 40. [PMID: 29266263 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis) infection leads to the synthesis of specific antibodies in the serum and local secretions. The profile of T. vaginalis-specific antibodies and T cell-mediated immune responses may influence the outcome of infection, towards parasite elimination, persistence or pathological reactions. Studies have indicated that Th1-, Th17- and Th22 cell-related cytokines may be protective or pathogenic, whereas Th2- and Treg cell-related cytokines can exert anti-inflammatory effects during T. vaginalis infection. A number of T. vaginalis-related components such as lipophosphoglycan (TvLPG), α-actinin, migration inhibitory factor (TvMIF), pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFO), legumain-1 (TvLEGU-1), adhesins and cysteine proteases lead to the induction of specific antibodies. T. vaginalis has acquired several strategies to evade the humoral immune responses such as degradation of immunoglobulins by cysteine proteases, antigenic variation and killing of antibody-producing B cells. The characterization of the T. vaginalis-specific antibodies to significant immunogenic molecules and formulation of strategies to promote their induction in vaginal mucosa may reveal their potential protective effects against trichomoniasis. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of antibody and T cell-mediated immune responses to T. vaginalis and highlight novel insights into the possible role of immune responses in protection against parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nemati
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Para-Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - N Malla
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - M Yadav
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - H Khorramdelazad
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - A Jafarzadeh
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
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48
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Moghadam S, Erfanmanesh M, Esmaeilzadeh A. Interleukin 35 and Hepatocyte Growth Factor; as a novel combined immune gene therapy for Multiple Sclerosis disease. Med Hypotheses 2017; 109:102-105. [PMID: 29150266 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An autoimmune demyelination disease of the Central Nervous System, Multiple Sclerosis, is a chronic inflammation which mostly involves young adults. Suffering people face functional loss with a severe pain. Most current MS treatments are focused on the immune response suppression. Approved drugs suppress the inflammatory process, but factually, there is no definite cure for Multiple Sclerosis. Recently developed knowledge has demonstrated that gene and cell therapy as a hopeful approach in tissue regeneration. The authors propose a novel combined immune gene therapy for Multiple Sclerosis treatment using anti-inflammatory and remyelination of Interleukine-35 and Hepatocyte Growth Factor properties, respectively. In this hypothesis Interleukine-35 and Hepatocyte Growth Factor introduce to Mesenchymal Stem Cells of EAE mouse model via an adenovirus based vector. It is expected that Interleukine-35 and Hepatocyte Growth Factor genes expressed from MSCs could effectively perform in immunotherapy of Multiple Sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Moghadam
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Maryam Erfanmanesh
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Esmaeilzadeh
- Department of Immunology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran; Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
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49
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Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis: Is it related to cytokines and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis? Mult Scler Relat Disord 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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50
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Safdari V, Alijani E, Nemati M, Jafarzadeh A. Imbalances in T Cell-Related Transcription Factors Among Patients with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2017; 17:e174-e180. [PMID: 28690889 DOI: 10.18295/squmj.2016.17.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Imbalances in effector T cell functioning have been associated with a number of autoimmune diseases, including Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). Differentiation of effector T helper (Th) 1, Th2, Th17 and regulatory T cell (Treg) lymphocytes is regulated by transcription factors, including Th1-specific T box (T-bet), GATA binding protein-3 (GATA3), retinoid-related orphan receptor (ROR)-α and forkhead box P3 (FOXP3). This study aimed to investigate Th1/Th2, Th1/Treg, Th2/Treg and Th17/Treg balances at the level of these transcription factors. METHODS This study took place between October 2015 and August 2016. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from a control group of 40 healthy women recruited from the Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran, and a patient group of 40 women with HT referred to the Hazrat Ali Asghar Hospital, Zahedan. Total ribonucleic acid extraction was performed and the gene expression of transcription factors was quantitated using a real-time polymerase chain reaction technique. RESULTS Expression of T-bet and GATA3 was significantly elevated, while FOXP3 expression was significantly diminished among HT patients in comparison with the controls (P = 0.03, 0.01 and 0.05, respectively). Expression of RORα was higher among HT patients, although this difference was not significant (P = 0.15). Expression of T-bet/FOXP3, GATA3/FOXP3 and RORα/FOXP3 ratios were increased among HT patients in comparison with the controls (P <0.02, <0.01 and <0.01, respectively). CONCLUSION These results indicate that HT patients have imbalances in Th1/Treg, Th2/Treg and Th17/Treg lymphocytes at the level of the transcription factors, deviating towards Th1, Th2 and Th17 cells. Correction of these imbalances may therefore be therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Safdari
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Para-Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Alijani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Maryam Nemati
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Para-Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
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