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Wu D, Casey PJ. GPCR-Gα13 Involvement in Mitochondrial Function, Oxidative Stress, and Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7162. [PMID: 39000269 PMCID: PMC11241654 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Gα13 and Gα12, encoded by the GNA13 and GNA12 genes, respectively, are members of the G12 family of Gα proteins that, along with their associated Gβγ subunits, mediate signaling from specific G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Advanced prostate cancers have increased expression of GPCRs such as CXC Motif Chemokine Receptor 4 (CXCR4), lysophosphatidic acid receptor (LPAR), and protease activated receptor 1 (PAR-1). These GPCRs signal through either the G12 family, or through Gα13 exclusively, often in addition to other G proteins. The effect of Gα13 can be distinct from that of Gα12, and the role of Gα13 in prostate cancer initiation and progression is largely unexplored. The oncogenic effect of Gα13 on cell migration and invasion in prostate cancer has been characterized, but little is known about other biological processes such as mitochondrial function and oxidative stress. Current knowledge on the link between Gα13 and oxidative stress is based on animal studies in which GPCR-Gα13 signaling decreased superoxide levels, and the overexpression of constitutively active Gα13 promoted antioxidant gene activation. In human samples, mitochondrial superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) correlates with prostate cancer risk and prognostic Gleason grade. However, overexpression of SOD2 in prostate cancer cells yielded conflicting results on cell growth and survival under basal versus oxidative stress conditions. Hence, it is necessary to explore the effect of Gα13 on prostate cancer tumorigenesis, as well as the effect of Gα13 on SOD2 in prostate cancer cell growth under oxidative stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore;
| | - Patrick J. Casey
- Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore;
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, 308 Research Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Cruz Jung IED, Assmann CE, Mastella MH, Barbisan F, Spilliari Ruaro RA, Roggia I, Turra BO, Chitolina B, de Oliveira Alves A, Teixeira CF, Azzolin VF, Ribeiro EE, Medeiros Frescura Duarte MM, Mânica da Cruz IB. Superoxide-anion triggers impairments of immune efficiency and stress response behaviors of Eisenia fetida earthworms. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 269:128712. [PMID: 33189402 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Superoxide-hydrogen peroxide (S-HP), triggered by Val16Ala-SOD2 human polymorphism, may influence the risk of depression. Therefore, it is plausible that higher basal S-anion levels and chronic inflammatory states associated with the VV-SOD2 genotype can negatively modulate the stress response associated with resilience in various species, from primitive species to humans. To test this hypothesis, Eisenia fetida earthworms were exposed for 24 h to 30 nM rotenone, which causes mitochondrial dysfunction by generating high S-anion levels (known as the "VV-like phenotype"), and 10 μM porphyrin, a SOD2-like compound, which generates elevated HP levels (known as the "AA-like phenotype"). The results suggested that both S-anion and HP acted as signaling molecules, differentially altering the immune function and acute hydric stressful response. Although the AA-like phenotype improved the immune and stress response efficiencies, the VV-like phenotype showed a downregulated expression of the toll-like receptor (EaTLR, JX898685) and antimicrobial peptide (AMP) (AF060552) genes, which triggered the impairment of encapsulation and earthworms extracellular trap (EET) processes used by earthworms to trap and destroy microorganisms. When exposed to adverse environments and dangerous hydric stress, VV-like earthworms exhibited an impulsive behavior and failed to quickly identify and migrate to a protected environment, unlike control earthworms and AA-like earthworms. All results corroborated that the S-anion imbalance could concomitantly induce alterations in immune function and stress behavior related to earthworm survival. From a human perspective, this information may corroborate the potential specific role of superoxide anion in the modulation of the stress response, resilience, and risk of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles Elias Assmann
- Graduate Program of Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Barbisan
- Graduate Program of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil; Biogenomics Lab, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil; Graduate Program of Gerontology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Isabel Roggia
- Biogenomics Lab, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil; Graduate Program of Gerontology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Osmarin Turra
- Graduate Program of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Bruna Chitolina
- Biogenomics Lab, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | | | - Verônica Farina Azzolin
- Biogenomics Lab, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil; Graduate Program of Gerontology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Euler Esteves Ribeiro
- Open University of the Third Age Foundation, State University of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Ivana Beatrice Mânica da Cruz
- Graduate Program of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil; Biogenomics Lab, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil; Graduate Program of Gerontology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
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Zhang LF, Xu K, Tang BW, Zhang W, Yuan W, Yue C, Shi L, Mi YY, Zuo L, Zhu LJ. Association between SOD2 V16A variant and urological cancer risk. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:825-843. [PMID: 31929112 PMCID: PMC6977677 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Background: The correlation between superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) V16A variant and urological cancer susceptibility has been widely studied, however, with divergent results. Results: Totally, 9,910 cancer patients and 11,239 control subjects were enrolled. V16A variant is associated with an increased susceptibility to urological cancer (A-allele vs. V-allele: OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.00 – 1.13, P = 0.047; AA+AV vs. VV: OR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.02 – 1.16, P = 0.008), especially for prostate cancer (PCa). Serum SOD2 level of PCa patients with VV+VA genotypes was lower than in those with AA genotypes. SOD2 expression is downregulated in both prostate and bladder cancer, as compared to the control. Furthermore, SOD2 was found to be downregulated in more advanced PCa participants, as compared to the ones in early stages. PCa subjects with low SOD2 expression displayed a shorter disease-free survival (DFS) time compared to that of the high SOD2 expression counterparts. Conclusions: The SOD2 V16A variant may be associated with increased urological cancer susceptibility, especially for prostate cancer. Methods: A pooled analysis utilizing odds ratios (ORs), in silico tools and ELISA was adopted to demonstrate this association. We also used immunohistochemical staining (IHS) to assess SOD2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Feng Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Kai Xu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Bo-Wen Tang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Chuang Yue
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Li Shi
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Mi
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Li Zuo
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Li-Jie Zhu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, China
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Jobim ML, Azzolin VF, Assmann CE, Morsch VMM, da Cruz IBM, de Freitas Bauermann L. Superoxide-hydrogen peroxide imbalance differentially modulates the keratinocytes cell line (HaCaT) oxidative metabolism via Keap1-Nrf2 redox signaling pathway. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:5785-5793. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05012-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Parascandolo A, Laukkanen MO. Carcinogenesis and Reactive Oxygen Species Signaling: Interaction of the NADPH Oxidase NOX1-5 and Superoxide Dismutase 1-3 Signal Transduction Pathways. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:443-486. [PMID: 29478325 PMCID: PMC6393772 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Reduction/oxidation (redox) balance could be defined as an even distribution of reduction and oxidation complementary processes and their reaction end products. There is a consensus that aberrant levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), commonly observed in cancer, stimulate primary cell immortalization and progression of carcinogenesis. However, the mechanism how different ROS regulate redox balance is not completely understood. Recent Advances: In the current review, we have summarized the main signaling cascades inducing NADPH oxidase NOX1-5 and superoxide dismutase (SOD) 1-3 expression and their connection to cell proliferation, immortalization, transformation, and CD34+ cell differentiation in thyroid, colon, lung, breast, and hematological cancers. CRITICAL ISSUES Interestingly, many of the signaling pathways activating redox enzymes or mediating the effect of ROS are common, such as pathways initiated from G protein-coupled receptors and tyrosine kinase receptors involving protein kinase A, phospholipase C, calcium, and small GTPase signaling molecules. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The clarification of interaction of signal transduction pathways could explain how cells regulate redox balance and may even provide means to inhibit the accumulation of harmful levels of ROS in human pathologies.
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Schott KL, Assmann CE, Teixeira CF, Boligon AA, Waechter SR, Duarte FA, Ribeiro EE, da Cruz IBM. Brazil nut improves the oxidative metabolism of superoxide-hydrogen peroxide chemically-imbalanced human fibroblasts in a nutrigenomic manner. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 121:519-526. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Genetic or pharmacological superoxide-hydrogen peroxide imbalances modulate the in vitro effects of lithium on glycogen synthase kinase-3β. Gene 2018; 655:48-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Chatterjee A, Zhu Y, Tong Q, Kosmacek EA, Lichter EZ, Oberley-Deegan RE. The Addition of Manganese Porphyrins during Radiation Inhibits Prostate Cancer Growth and Simultaneously Protects Normal Prostate Tissue from Radiation Damage. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:antiox7010021. [PMID: 29370088 PMCID: PMC5789331 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is commonly used for prostate cancer treatment; however, normal tissues can be damaged from the reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by radiation. In separate reports, we and others have shown that manganese porphyrins (MnPs), ROS scavengers, protect normal cells from radiation-induced damage but inhibit prostate cancer cell growth. However, there have been no studies demonstrating that MnPs protect normal tissues, while inhibiting tumor growth in the same model. LNCaP or PC3 cells were orthotopically implanted into athymic mice and treated with radiation (2 Gy, for 5 consecutive days) in the presence or absence of MnPs. With radiation, MnPs enhanced overall life expectancy and significantly decreased the average tumor volume, as compared to the radiated alone group. MnPs enhanced lipid oxidation in tumor cells but reduced oxidative damage to normal prostate tissue adjacent to the prostate tumor in combination with radiation. Mechanistically, MnPs behave as pro-oxidants or antioxidants depending on the level of oxidative stress inside the treated cell. We found that MnPs act as pro-oxidants in prostate cancer cells, while in normal cells and tissues the MnPs act as antioxidants. For the first time, in the same in vivo model, this study reveals that MnPs enhance the tumoricidal effect of radiation and reduce oxidative damage to normal prostate tissue adjacent to the prostate tumor in the presence of radiation. This study suggests that MnPs are effective radio-protectors for radiation-mediated prostate cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Chatterjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Yuxiang Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Qiang Tong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Elizabeth A Kosmacek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Eliezer Z Lichter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Rebecca E Oberley-Deegan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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Insights into the Dichotomous Regulation of SOD2 in Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2017; 6:antiox6040086. [PMID: 29099803 PMCID: PMC5745496 DOI: 10.3390/antiox6040086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
While loss of antioxidant expression and the resultant oxidant-dependent damage to cellular macromolecules is key to tumorigenesis, it has become evident that effective oxidant scavenging is conversely necessary for successful metastatic spread. This dichotomous role of antioxidant enzymes in cancer highlights their context-dependent regulation during different stages of tumor development. A prominent example of an antioxidant enzyme with such a dichotomous role and regulation is the mitochondria-localized manganese superoxide dismutase SOD2 (MnSOD). SOD2 has both tumor suppressive and promoting functions, which are primarily related to its role as a mitochondrial superoxide scavenger and H₂O₂ regulator. However, unlike true tumor suppressor- or onco-genes, the SOD2 gene is not frequently lost, or rarely mutated or amplified in cancer. This allows SOD2 to be either repressed or activated contingent on context-dependent stimuli, leading to its dichotomous function in cancer. Here, we describe some of the mechanisms that underlie SOD2 regulation in tumor cells. While much is known about the transcriptional regulation of the SOD2 gene, including downregulation by epigenetics and activation by stress response transcription factors, further research is required to understand the post-translational modifications that regulate SOD2 activity in cancer cells. Moreover, future work examining the spatio-temporal nature of SOD2 regulation in the context of changing tumor microenvironments is necessary to allows us to better design oxidant- or antioxidant-based therapeutic strategies that target the adaptable antioxidant repertoire of tumor cells.
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Superoxide-hydrogen peroxide genetic imbalance modulates differentially the oxidative metabolism on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells exposed to seleno-L-methionine. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 273:18-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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