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Iorio R, Petricca S, Mattei V, Delle Monache S. Horizontal mitochondrial transfer as a novel bioenergetic tool for mesenchymal stromal/stem cells: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential in a variety of diseases. J Transl Med 2024; 22:491. [PMID: 38790026 PMCID: PMC11127344 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05047-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Intercellular mitochondrial transfer (MT) is a newly discovered form of cell-to-cell signalling involving the active incorporation of healthy mitochondria into stressed/injured recipient cells, contributing to the restoration of bioenergetic profile and cell viability, reduction of inflammatory processes and normalisation of calcium dynamics. Recent evidence has shown that MT can occur through multiple cellular structures and mechanisms: tunneling nanotubes (TNTs), via gap junctions (GJs), mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs) and other mechanisms (cell fusion, mitochondrial extrusion and migrasome-mediated mitocytosis) and in different contexts, such as under physiological (tissue homeostasis and stemness maintenance) and pathological conditions (hypoxia, inflammation and cancer). As Mesenchimal Stromal/ Stem Cells (MSC)-mediated MT has emerged as a critical regulatory and restorative mechanism for cell and tissue regeneration and damage repair in recent years, its potential in stem cell therapy has received increasing attention. In particular, the potential therapeutic role of MSCs has been reported in several articles, suggesting that MSCs can enhance tissue repair after injury via MT and membrane vesicle release. For these reasons, in this review, we will discuss the different mechanisms of MSCs-mediated MT and therapeutic effects on different diseases such as neuronal, ischaemic, vascular and pulmonary diseases. Therefore, understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of MT and demonstrating its efficacy could be an important milestone that lays the foundation for future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Iorio
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Sabrina Petricca
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mattei
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Della Salute e delle Professioni Sanitarie, Link Campus University, Via del Casale di San Pio V 44, 00165, Rome, Italy.
| | - Simona Delle Monache
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
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Smirnov VA, Radaev SM, Morozova YV, Ryabov SI, Yadgarov MY, Bazanovich SA, Lvov IS, Talypov AE, Grin' AA. Systemic Administration of Allogeneic Cord Blood Mononuclear Cells in Adults with Severe Acute Contusion Spinal Cord Injury: Phase I/IIa Pilot Clinical Study - Safety and Primary Efficacy Evaluation. World Neurosurg 2022; 161:e319-e338. [PMID: 35134580 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Current Phase I part of SUBSCI I/IIa study was focused on safety and primary efficacy of multiple systemic infusions of allogeneic unrelated human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells in patients with severe acute spinal cord contusion having severe neurological deficit. The primary endpoint was safety. The secondary endpoint was the fact of restoration of motor and sensory function in lower limbs within 1-year period. METHODS Ten subjects with acute contusion SCI and ASIA A/B deficit were enrolled into Phase I part. Subjects were treated with 4 infusions of group- and rhesus-matched cord blood samples following primary surgery within 3 days post-SCI. All patients were followed-up for 12 months post-SCI. Safety was assessed using adverse events classification depending on severity and relation to cell therapy. Primary efficacy was assessed using dynamics of deficit (ASIA scale). RESULTS The overall number of AEs reached 419 in 10 subjects. Only 2 of them were estimated as possibly related to cell therapy, other 417 were definitely unrelated. Both AEs were mild and clinically insignificant. No signs of immunization were found in participants. Analysis of clinical outcomes also demonstrated that cell therapy promotes significant functional restoration of motor function. CONCLUSIONS Obtained data suggest that systemic administration of allogenic, non-HLA matched HUCB cells is safe and demonstrates primary efficacy in adults with severe acute contusion SCI and ASIA A/B deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir A Smirnov
- Department of Neurosurgery, N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Care, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Sergey M Radaev
- Department of Neurosurgery, N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Care, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yana V Morozova
- Department of Neurosurgery, N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Care, Moscow, Russian Federation; Laboratory of Stem Cells, National Medical Institute of Cardiology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey I Ryabov
- Laboratory of Stem Cells, National Medical Institute of Cardiology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail Ya Yadgarov
- Laboratory of Stem Cells, National Medical Institute of Cardiology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey A Bazanovich
- Laboratory of Stem Cells, National Medical Institute of Cardiology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ivan S Lvov
- Department of Neurosurgery, N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Care, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander E Talypov
- Department of Neurosurgery, N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Care, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Andrew A Grin'
- Department of Neurosurgery, N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Care, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Ray SK, Mukherjee S. Clinical Practice of Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cells in Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine - Prodigious Promise for Imminent Times. Recent Pat Biotechnol 2021; 16:16-34. [PMID: 34702158 DOI: 10.2174/1872208315666211026103227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The umbilical cord blood is usually disposed of as an unwanted material after parturition; however, today, it is viewed as a regenerative medication so as to create the organ tissues. This cord blood gathered from the umbilical cord is made up of mesenchymal stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, and multipotent non-hematopoietic stem cells having many therapeutic effects as these stem cells are utilized to treat malignancies, hematological ailments, inborn metabolic problem, and immune deficiencies. Presently, numerous clinical applications for human umbilical cord blood inferred stem cells, as stem cell treatment initiate new research. These cells are showing such a boon to stem cell treatment; it is nevertheless characteristic that the prospect of conservation of umbilical cord blood is gaining impetus. Current research works have demonstrated that about 80 diseases, including cancer, can be treated or relieved utilizing umbilical cord blood stem cells, and every year, many transplants have been effectively done around the world. However, in terms of factors, including patient selection, cell preparation, dosing, and delivery process, the treatment procedure for therapy with minimally manipulated stem cells can be patented. It is also worth thinking about how this patent could affect cord blood banks. Meanwhile, the utilization of cord blood cells is controversial and adult-derived cells may not be as successful, so numerous clinicians have begun working with stem cells that are acquired from umbilical cord blood. This review epitomizes a change in outlook from what has been completed with umbilical cord blood cell research and cord blood banking on the grounds that cord blood cells do not require much in the method of handling for cryopreservation or for transplantation in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sukhes Mukherjee
- Department of Biochemistry. All India Institute of Medical Sciences. Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh-462020. 0
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4
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Peripheral Nerve Regeneration Using Different Germ Layer-Derived Adult Stem Cells in the Past Decade. Behav Neurol 2021; 2021:5586523. [PMID: 34539934 PMCID: PMC8448597 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5586523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) are some of the most common types of traumatic lesions affecting the nervous system. Although the peripheral nervous system has a higher regenerative ability than the central nervous system, delayed treatment is associated with disturbances in both distal sensory and functional abilities. Over the past decades, adult stem cell-based therapies for peripheral nerve injuries have drawn attention from researchers. This is because various stem cells can promote regeneration after peripheral nerve injuries by differentiating into neural-line cells, secreting various neurotrophic factors, and regulating the activity of in situ Schwann cells (SCs). This article reviewed research from the past 10 years on the role of stem cells in the repair of PNIs. We concluded that adult stem cell-based therapies promote the regeneration of PNI in various ways.
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Lu MH, Ji WL, Chen H, Sun YY, Zhao XY, Wang F, Shi Y, Hu YN, Liu BX, Wu JW, Xu DE, Zheng JW, Liu CF, Ma QH. Intranasal Transplantation of Human Neural Stem Cells Ameliorates Alzheimer's Disease-Like Pathology in a Mouse Model. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:650103. [PMID: 33776747 PMCID: PMC7987677 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.650103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory impairments, which has no effective therapy. Stem cell transplantation shows great potential in the therapy of various disease. However, the application of stem cell therapy in neurological disorders, especially the ones with a long-term disease course such as AD, is limited by the delivery approach due to the presence of the brain blood barrier. So far, the most commonly used delivery approach in the therapy of neurological disorders with stem cells in preclinical and clinical studies are intracranial injection and intrathecal injection, both of which are invasive. In the present study, we use repetitive intranasal delivery of human neural stem cells (hNSCs) to the brains of APP/PS1 transgenic mice to investigate the effect of hNSCs on the pathology of AD. The results indicate that the intranasally transplanted hNSCs survive and exhibit extensive migration and higher neuronal differentiation, with a relatively limited glial differentiation. A proportion of intranasally transplanted hNSCs differentiate to cholinergic neurons, which rescue cholinergic dysfunction in APP/PS1 mice. In addition, intranasal transplantation of hNSCs attenuates β-amyloid accumulation by upregulating the expression of β-amyloid degrading enzymes, insulin-degrading enzymes, and neprilysin. Moreover, intranasal transplantation of hNSCs ameliorates other AD-like pathology including neuroinflammation, cholinergic dysfunction, and pericytic and synaptic loss, while enhancing adult hippocampal neurogenesis, eventually rescuing the cognitive deficits of APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Thus, our findings highlight that intranasal transplantation of hNSCs benefits cognition through multiple mechanisms, and exhibit the great potential of intranasal administration of stem cells as a non-invasive therapeutic strategy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Hong Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,School of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen-Li Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yan-Yun Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiu-Yun Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fen Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yan-Ning Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bo-Xiang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jing-Wen Wu
- Department of Functional Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - De-En Xu
- Department of Neurology, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | | | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Quan-Hong Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Baumgartner JE, Baumgartner LS, Baumgartner ME, Moore EJ, Messina SA, Seidman MD, Shook DR. Progenitor cell therapy for acquired pediatric nervous system injury: Traumatic brain injury and acquired sensorineural hearing loss. Stem Cells Transl Med 2021; 10:164-180. [PMID: 33034162 PMCID: PMC7848325 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
While cell therapies hold remarkable promise for replacing injured cells and repairing damaged tissues, cell replacement is not the only means by which these therapies can achieve therapeutic effect. For example, recent publications show that treatment with varieties of adult, multipotent stem cells can improve outcomes in patients with neurological conditions such as traumatic brain injury and hearing loss without directly replacing damaged or lost cells. As the immune system plays a central role in injury response and tissue repair, we here suggest that multipotent stem cell therapies achieve therapeutic effect by altering the immune response to injury, thereby limiting damage due to inflammation and possibly promoting repair. These findings argue for a broader understanding of the mechanisms by which cell therapies can benefit patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E. Baumgartner
- Advent Health for ChildrenOrlandoFloridaUSA
- Department of Neurological SurgeryUniversity of Central Florida College of MedicineOrlandoFloridaUSA
| | | | | | - Ernest J. Moore
- Department of Audiology and Speech Language PathologyUniversity of North TexasDentonTexasUSA
| | | | - Michael D. Seidman
- Advent Health CelebrationCelebrationFloridaUSA
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFloridaUSA
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Tenorio-Mina A, Cortés D, Esquivel-Estudillo J, López-Ornelas A, Cabrera-Wrooman A, Lara-Rodarte R, Escobedo-Avila I, Vargas-Romero F, Toledo-Hernández D, Estudillo E, Acevedo-Fernández JJ, Tapia JSO, Velasco I. Human Keratinocytes Adopt Neuronal Fates After In Utero Transplantation in the Developing Rat Brain. Cell Transplant 2021; 30:963689720978219. [PMID: 33435710 PMCID: PMC7809298 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720978219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human skin contains keratinocytes in the epidermis. Such cells share their ectodermal origin with the central nervous system (CNS). Recent studies have demonstrated that terminally differentiated somatic cells can adopt a pluripotent state, or can directly convert its phenotype to neurons, after ectopic expression of transcription factors. In this article we tested the hypothesis that human keratinocytes can adopt neural fates after culturing them in suspension with a neural medium. Initially, keratinocytes expressed Keratins and Vimentin. After neural induction, transcriptional upregulation of NESTIN, SOX2, VIMENTIN, SOX1, and MUSASHI1 was observed, concomitant with significant increases in NESTIN detected by immunostaining. However, in vitro differentiation did not yield the expression of neuronal or astrocytic markers. We tested the differentiation potential of control and neural-induced keratinocytes by grafting them in the developing CNS of rats, through ultrasound-guided injection. For this purpose, keratinocytes were transduced with lentivirus that contained the coding sequence of green fluorescent protein. Cell sorting was employed to select cells with high fluorescence. Unexpectedly, 4 days after grafting these cells in the ventricles, both control and neural-induced cells expressed green fluorescent protein together with the neuronal proteins βIII-Tubulin and Microtubule-Associated Protein 2. These results support the notion that in vivo environment provides appropriate signals to evaluate the neuronal differentiation potential of keratinocytes or other non-neural cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Tenorio-Mina
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular - Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daniel Cortés
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular - Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Joel Esquivel-Estudillo
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
- Unidad de Diagnóstico y Medicina Molecular, “Dr. Ruy Pérez Tamayo”, Hospital del Niño Morelense/Facultad de Medicina-UAEM, Zapata, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Adolfo López-Ornelas
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular - Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, Mexico City, Mexico
- División de Investigación, Hospital Juárez de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Cabrera-Wrooman
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular - Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
- Unidad de Diagnóstico y Medicina Molecular, “Dr. Ruy Pérez Tamayo”, Hospital del Niño Morelense/Facultad de Medicina-UAEM, Zapata, Morelos, Mexico
- Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rolando Lara-Rodarte
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular - Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Itzel Escobedo-Avila
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular - Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fernanda Vargas-Romero
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular - Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Diana Toledo-Hernández
- Unidad de Diagnóstico y Medicina Molecular, “Dr. Ruy Pérez Tamayo”, Hospital del Niño Morelense/Facultad de Medicina-UAEM, Zapata, Morelos, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Enrique Estudillo
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Jesús Santa-Olalla Tapia
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
- Unidad de Diagnóstico y Medicina Molecular, “Dr. Ruy Pérez Tamayo”, Hospital del Niño Morelense/Facultad de Medicina-UAEM, Zapata, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Iván Velasco
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular - Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, Mexico City, Mexico
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Rodrigues SC, Cardoso RMS, Duarte FV. Mitochondrial microRNAs: A Putative Role in Tissue Regeneration. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9120486. [PMID: 33371511 PMCID: PMC7767490 DOI: 10.3390/biology9120486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The most famous role of mitochondria is to generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation, a metabolic pathway that involves a chain of four protein complexes (the electron transport chain, ETC) that generates a proton-motive force that in turn drives the ATP synthesis by the Complex V (ATP synthase). An impressive number of more than 1000 mitochondrial proteins have been discovered. Since mitochondrial proteins have a dual genetic origin, it is predicted that ~99% of these proteins are nuclear-encoded and are synthesized in the cytoplasmatic compartment, being further imported through mitochondrial membrane transporters. The lasting 1% of mitochondrial proteins are encoded by the mitochondrial genome and synthesized by the mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome). As a result, an appropriate regulation of mitochondrial protein synthesis is absolutely required to achieve and maintain normal mitochondrial function. Regarding miRNAs in mitochondria, it is well-recognized nowadays that several cellular mechanisms involving mitochondria are regulated by many genetic players that originate from either nuclear- or mitochondrial-encoded small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs). Growing evidence collected from whole genome and transcriptome sequencing highlight the role of distinct members of this class, from short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to miRNAs and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). Some of the mechanisms that have been shown to be modulated are the expression of mitochondrial proteins itself, as well as the more complex coordination of mitochondrial structure and dynamics with its function. We devote particular attention to the role of mitochondrial miRNAs and to their role in the modulation of several molecular processes that could ultimately contribute to tissue regeneration accomplishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia C. Rodrigues
- Exogenus Therapeutics, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal;
- Doctoral Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Filipe V. Duarte
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Mehdipour A, Ebrahimi A, Shiri-Shahsavar MR, Soleimani-Rad J, Roshangar L, Samiei M, Ebrahimi-Kalan A. The potentials of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Rev Neurosci 2020; 30:857-868. [PMID: 31026226 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2018-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy has indicated a promising treatment capacity for tissue regeneration. Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune-based chronic disease, in which the myelin sheath of the central nervous system is destructed. Scientists have not discovered any cure for multiple sclerosis, and most of the treatments are rather palliative. The pursuit of a versatile treatment option, therefore, seems essential. The immunoregulatory and non-chronic rejection characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells, as well as their homing properties, recommend them as a prospective treatment option for multiple sclerosis. Different sources of mesenchymal stem cells have distinct characteristics and functional properties; in this regard, choosing the most suitable cell therapy approach seems to be challenging. In this review, we will discuss umbilical cord/blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells, their identified exclusive properties compared to another adult mesenchymal stem cells, and the expectations of their potential roles in the treatment of multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Mehdipour
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ayyub Ebrahimi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Haliç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Jafar Soleimani-Rad
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Roshangar
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Samiei
- Endodontics Department of Dental Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abbas Ebrahimi-Kalan
- Department of Neurosciences and Cognition, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Radiology, School of Paramedicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,
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10
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Hernández R, Jiménez-Luna C, Perales-Adán J, Perazzoli G, Melguizo C, Prados J. Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells towards Neuronal Lineage: Clinical Trials in Nervous System Disorders. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2020; 28:34-44. [PMID: 31649208 PMCID: PMC6939692 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2019.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been proposed as an alternative therapy to be applied into several pathologies of the nervous system. These cells can be obtained from adipose tissue, umbilical cord blood and bone marrow, among other tissues, and have remarkable therapeutic properties. MSCs can be isolated with high yield, which adds to their ability to differentiate into non-mesodermal cell types including neuronal lineage both in vivo and in vitro. They are able to restore damaged neural tissue, thus being suitable for the treatment of neural injuries, and possess immunosuppressive activity, which may be useful for the treatment of neurological disorders of inflammatory etiology. Although the long-term safety of MSC-based therapies remains unclear, a large amount of both pre-clinical and clinical trials have shown functional improvements in animal models of nervous system diseases following transplantation of MSCs. In fact, there are several ongoing clinical trials evaluating the possible benefits this cell-based therapy could provide to patients with neurological damage, as well as their clinical limitations. In this review we focus on the potential of MSCs as a therapeutic tool to treat neurological disorders, summarizing the state of the art of this topic and the most recent clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Hernández
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada 18100, Spain.,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, University of Granada, Granada 18016, Spain.,Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada 18012, Spain
| | - Cristina Jiménez-Luna
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada 18100, Spain.,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, University of Granada, Granada 18016, Spain.,Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland
| | - Jesús Perales-Adán
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada 18100, Spain
| | - Gloria Perazzoli
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada 18100, Spain.,Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada 18012, Spain
| | - Consolación Melguizo
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada 18100, Spain.,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, University of Granada, Granada 18016, Spain.,Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada 18012, Spain
| | - José Prados
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada 18100, Spain.,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, University of Granada, Granada 18016, Spain.,Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada 18012, Spain
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Sokolov ME, Bashirov FV, Markosyan VA, Povysheva TV, Fadeev FO, Izmailov AA, Kuztetsov MS, Safiullov ZZ, Shmarov MM, Naroditskyi BS, Palotás A, Islamov RR. Triple-Gene Therapy for Stroke: A Proof-of-Concept in Vivo Study in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:111. [PMID: 29497380 PMCID: PMC5818439 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural brain repair after stroke is extremely limited, and current therapeutic options are even more scarce with no clinical break-through in sight. Despite restricted regeneration in the central nervous system, we have previously proved that human umbilical cord blood mono-nuclear cells (UCB-MC) transduced with adenoviral vectors carrying genes encoding vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) successfully rescued neurons in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and spinal cord injury. This proof-of-principle project was aimed at evaluating the beneficial effects of the same triple-gene approach in stroke. Rats subjected to distal occlusion of the middle cerebral artery were treated intrathecally with a combination of these genes either directly or using our cell-based (UCB-MC) approach. Various techniques and markers were employed to evaluate brain injury and subsequent recovery after treatment. Brain repair was most prominent when therapeutic genes were delivered via adenoviral vector- or UCB-MC-mediated approach. Remodeling of brain cortex in the stroke area was confirmed by reduction of infarct volume and attenuated neural cell death, depletion of astrocytes and microglial cells, and increase in the number of oligodendroglial cells and synaptic proteins expression. These results imply that intrathecal injection of genetically engineered UCB-MC over-expressing therapeutic molecules (VEGF, GDNF, and NCAM) following cerebral blood vessel occlusion might represent a novel avenue for future research into treating stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail E Sokolov
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Farid V Bashirov
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Vage A Markosyan
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Tatyana V Povysheva
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Filip O Fadeev
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Andrey A Izmailov
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Maxim S Kuztetsov
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Zufar Z Safiullov
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Maxim M Shmarov
- Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris S Naroditskyi
- Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - András Palotás
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia.,Asklepios-Med (Private Medical Practice and Research Center), Szeged, Hungary
| | - Rustem R Islamov
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia.,Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia.,Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia
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12
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Islamov RR, Rizvanov AA, Fedotova VY, Izmailov AA, Safiullov ZZ, Garanina EE, Salafutdinov II, Sokolov ME, Mukhamedyarov MA, Palotás A. Tandem Delivery of Multiple Therapeutic Genes Using Umbilical Cord Blood Cells Improves Symptomatic Outcomes in ALS. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:4756-4763. [PMID: 27495938 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0017-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Current treatment options of chronic, progressive degenerative neuropsychiatric conditions offer only marginal efficacy, and there is no therapy which arrests or even reverses these diseases. Interest in genetic engineering and cell-based approaches have constantly been increasing, although most of them so far proved to be fruitless or at best provided very slight clinical benefit. In the light of the highly complex patho-mechanisms of these maladies, the failure of drugs aimed at targeting single molecules is not surprising. In order to improve their effectiveness, the role of a unique triple-combination gene therapy was investigated in this study. Intravenous injection of human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cell (hUCBMC) cotransduced with adenoviral vectors expressing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) resulted in prominent increase of life span and performance in behavioral tests in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Expression of the recombinant genes in hUCBMCs was confirmed as soon as 5 days after transduction by RT-PCR, and cells were detectable for as long as 1 month after grafting in lumbar spinal cord by immunofluorescent staining. Xenotransplantation of cells into mice blood without any immunosuppression demonstrated a high level of hUCBMCs homing and survivability in the central nervous system (CNS), most conspicuously in the spinal cord, but not in the spleen or liver. This study confirms an increased addressed homing and notable survivability of triple-transfected cells in lumbar spinal cord, yielding a remarkably enhanced therapeutic potential of hUCBMCs overexpressing neurotrophic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rustem Robertovich Islamov
- Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia. .,Department of Biology, Kazan State Medical University, ul. Butlerova 49, R-420012, Kazan, Russia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - András Palotás
- Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia. .,Asklepios-Med (private medical practice and research center), Kossuth Lajos sgt. 23, Szeged, H-6722, Hungary.
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13
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Xie B, Gu P, Wang W, Dong C, Zhang L, Zhang J, Liu H, Qiu F, Han R, Zhang Z, Yan B. Therapeutic effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells transplantation on hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:3241-3250. [PMID: 27508046 PMCID: PMC4969462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) hold substantial promise for the treatment of ischemic neurological disease, but few clinical data are currently available about its therapeutic effects in hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). This study is to evaluate the effects of hUC-MSCs transplantation on patients with HIE. Methods A total 22 patients with HIEwere randomly divided into hUC-MSCs transplantation group (n = 12) and control group (n = 10). After isolation, hUC-MSCs were cultured for 3 to 5 passages in vitro and then intravenously administered to HIE patients in the transplantation group, while the control group received routine treatment only. The outcomes of HIE patients were evaluated at designated time points by clinical assessment scales, including NIHSS, Barthel Index, MMSE, HAMA24, HAMD14 and UPDRS. RESULTS hUC-MSCs were identified by morphological analysis and flow cytometry assays before clinic transplantation. No significant differences of demographic characteristics were observed between the two groups of subjects. Compared to the control group, hUC-MSCs transplantation markedly improved the outcomes of HIE patients leading to better recovery of neurological function, cognition ability, emotional reaction and extrapyramidal function. No significant adverse effects were found in subjects with hUC-MSCs transplantation during a 180-day follow-up period. CONCLUSION These data suggest that hUC-MSCs therapy markedly improves the outcomes of patients with HIE, which is potential for the routine treatment of ischemic neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingchuan Xie
- Department of Gerontology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050031, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050031, China
| | - Ping Gu
- Department of Gerontology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050031, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050031, China
- Brain Aging and Cognitive, Neuroscience Laboratory of Hebei ProvinceShijiazhuang 050031, China
| | - Wenting Wang
- Department of Gerontology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050031, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050031, China
| | - Ci Dong
- Department of Gerontology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050031, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050031, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Department of Gerontology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050031, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050031, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- The Lab of Cell Therapy, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050031, China
| | - Huimiao Liu
- Department of Gerontology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050031, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050031, China
| | - Fucheng Qiu
- Department of Gerontology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050031, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050031, China
| | - Rui Han
- Department of Gerontology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050031, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050031, China
| | - Zhenqing Zhang
- Department of Gerontology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050031, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050031, China
| | - Baoyong Yan
- Brain Aging and Cognitive, Neuroscience Laboratory of Hebei ProvinceShijiazhuang 050031, China
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14
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Mortazavi Y, Sheikhsaran F, Khamisipour GK, Soleimani M, Teimuri A, Shokri S. The Evaluation of Nerve Growth Factor Over Expression on Neural Lineage Specific Genes in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. CELL JOURNAL 2016; 18:189-96. [PMID: 27540523 PMCID: PMC4988417 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2016.4313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective Treatment and repair of neurodegenerative diseases such as brain tumors,
spinal cord injuries, and functional disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, are challenging problems. A common treatment approach for such disorders involves the use of
mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as an alternative cell source to replace injured cells.
However, use of these cells in hosts may potentially cause adverse outcomes such as tumorigenesis and uncontrolled differentiation. In attempt to generate mesenchymal derived
neural cells, we have infected MSCs with recombinant lentiviruses that expressed nerve
growth factor (NGF) and assessed their neural lineage genes.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, we cloned the NGF gene sequence
into a helper dependent lentiviral vector that contained the green fluorescent protein (GFP)
gene. The recombinant vector was amplified in DH5 bacterial cells. Recombinant viruses
were generated in the human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK-293) packaging cell line with
the helper vectors and analyzed under fluorescent microscopy. Bone marrow mesenchymal cells were infected by recombinant viruses for three days followed by assessment of
neural differentiation. We evaluated expression of NGF through measurement of the NGF
protein in culture medium by ELISA; neural specific genes were quantified by real-time
polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Results We observed neural morphological changes after three days. Quantitative PCR
showed that expressions of NESTIN, glial derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and Microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) genes increased
following induction of NGF overexpression, whereas expressions of endogenous NGF
and brain derived neural growth factor (BDNF) genes reduced.
Conclusion Ectopic expression of NGF can induce neurogenesis in MSCs. Direct injection of MSCs may cause tumorigenesis and an undesirable outcome. Therefore an
alternative choice to overcome this obstacle may be the utilization of differentiated neural
stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Mortazavi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sheikhsaran
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | | | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Teimuri
- Health Research Institute, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Somayeh Shokri
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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15
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Sun D. The potential of neural transplantation for brain repair and regeneration following traumatic brain injury. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:18-22. [PMID: 26981070 PMCID: PMC4774215 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.169605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury is a major health problem worldwide. Currently, there is no effective treatment to improve neural structural repair and functional recovery of patients in the clinic. Cell transplantation is a potential strategy to repair and regenerate the injured brain. This review article summarized recent development in cell transplantation studies for post-traumatic brain injury brain repair with varying types of cell sources. It also discussed the potential of neural transplantation to repair/promote recovery of the injured brain following traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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16
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Sypecka J, Sarnowska A. Mesenchymal cells of umbilical cord and umbilical cord blood as a source of human oligodendrocyte progenitors. Life Sci 2015; 139:24-9. [PMID: 26285174 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Sypecka
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5, Pawinskiego str., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Sarnowska
- Translative Platform for Regenerative Medicine, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; Stem Cell Bioengineering Laboratory, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
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17
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Onuma-Ukegawa M, Bhatt K, Hirai T, Kaburagi H, Sotome S, Wakabayashi Y, Ichinose S, Shinomiya K, Okawa A, Enomoto M. Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Combined with a Honeycomb Collagen Sponge Facilitate Neurite Elongation in Vitro and Neural Restoration in the Hemisected Rat Spinal Cord. Cell Transplant 2015; 24:1283-97. [DOI: 10.3727/096368914x682134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, researchers and clinicians have reported that transplantation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) promotes functional recovery after brain or spinal cord injury (SCI). However, an appropriate scaffold designed for the injured spinal cord is needed to enhance the survival of transplanted BMSCs and to promote nerve regeneration. We previously tested a honeycomb collagen sponge (HC), which when applied to the transected spinal cord allowed bridging of the gap with nerve fibers. In this study, we examined whether the HC implant combined with rat BMSCs increases nerve regeneration in vitro and enhances functional recovery in vivo. We first evaluated the neurite outgrowth of rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) explants cultured on HC with or without BMSCs in vitro. Regeneration of neurites from the DRGs was increased by BMSCs combined with HC scaffolds. In the in vivo study, 3-mm-long HC scaffolds with or without BMSCs were implanted into the hemisected rat thoracic spinal cord. Four weeks after the procedure, rats implanted with HC scaffolds containing BMSCs displayed better motor and sensory recovery than those implanted with HC scaffolds only. Histologically, more CGRP-positive sensory fibers at the implanted site and 5-HT-positive serotonergic fibers contralateral to the implanted site were observed in spinal cords receiving BMSCs. Furthermore, more rubrospinal neurons projected distally to the HC implant containing BMSCs. Our study indicates that the application of BMSCs in a HC scaffold in the injured spinal cord directly promoted sensory nerve and rubrospinal tract regeneration, thus resulting in functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madoka Onuma-Ukegawa
- Department of Orthopaedic and Spinal Surgery, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kush Bhatt
- Imperial College, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Exchange Program, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Hirai
- Department of Orthopaedic and Spinal Surgery, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Kaburagi
- Department of Orthopaedic and Spinal Surgery, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sotome
- Department of Orthopaedic Research and Development, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Wakabayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic and Spinal Surgery, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shizuko Ichinose
- Instrumental Analysis Research Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Shinomiya
- Department of Orthopaedic and Spinal Surgery, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Okawa
- Department of Orthopaedic and Spinal Surgery, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Enomoto
- Department of Orthopaedic and Spinal Surgery, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Hyperbaric Medical Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Sypecka J, Ziemka-Nalecz M, Dragun-Szymczak P, Zalewska T. A simple, xeno-free method for oligodendrocyte generation from human neural stem cells derived from umbilical cord: engagement of gelatinases in cell commitment and differentiation. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015; 11:1442-1455. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Sypecka
- Neurorepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre; Polish Academy of Sciences; Warsaw Poland
| | - Małgorzata Ziemka-Nalecz
- Neurorepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre; Polish Academy of Sciences; Warsaw Poland
| | - Patrycja Dragun-Szymczak
- Neurorepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre; Polish Academy of Sciences; Warsaw Poland
| | - Teresa Zalewska
- Neurorepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre; Polish Academy of Sciences; Warsaw Poland
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An Overview on Human Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cell-Based Alternative In Vitro Models for Developmental Neurotoxicity Assessment. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:3216-3226. [PMID: 26041658 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9202-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The developing brain is found highly vulnerable towards the exposure of different environmental chemicals/drugs, even at concentrations, those are generally considered safe in mature brain. The brain development is a very complex phenomenon which involves several processes running in parallel such as cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, maturation and synaptogenesis. If any step of these cellular processes hampered due to exposure of any xenobiotic/drug, there is almost no chance of recovery which could finally result in a life-long disability. Therefore, the developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) assessment of newly discovered drugs/molecules is a very serious concern among the neurologists. Animal-based DNT models have their own limitations such as ethical concerns and lower sensitivity with less predictive values in humans. Furthermore, non-availability of human foetal brain tissues/cells makes job more difficult to understand about mechanisms involve in DNT in human beings. Although, the use of cell culture have been proven as a powerful tool for DNT assessment, but many in vitro models are currently utilizing genetically unstable cell lines. The interpretation of data generated using such terminally differentiated cells is hard to extrapolate with in vivo situations. However, human umbilical cord blood stem cells (hUCBSCs) have been proposed as an excellent tool for alternative DNT testing because neuronal development from undifferentiated state could exactly mimic the original pattern of neuronal development in foetus when hUCBSCs differentiated into neuronal cells. Additionally, less ethical concern, easy availability and high plasticity make them an attractive source for establishing in vitro model of DNT assessment. In this review, we are focusing towards recent advancements on hUCBSCs-based in vitro model to understand DNTs.
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dong W, Yuwen Z, Xiaohui G. The enhanced ability of peripheral mononuclear cells differentiating into neural cells in term infants with good improvement suffering from severe hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2014; 24:435-40. [PMID: 25755867 PMCID: PMC4339569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It has been found that asphyxia influences proliferation and differentiation of brain neural stem cells in newborn animal models, and that peripheral blood stem cells play an important role in repairing brain damage. But it has not been reported yet whether asphyxia influences peripheral blood stem cells differentiating into neural cells, and whether with the progress of the disease there is a change of peripheral blood stem cells differentiating into neural cells in newborns with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). METHODS Fifty term HIE infants were enrolled in research from March, 2007 to March, 2010. There were 10 cases of the severe HIE patients with good improvement, the severe HIE patients with poor improvement, the moderate HIE patients, the mild HIE patients and the controls, respectively. The peripheral mononuclear cells collected within 24 hours and on 7th day after birth were cultured in vitro for 10 days to differentiate into neural cells. The induced nestin positive cells were identified with Immunohistochemistry and counted. Findings : Within 24 hours after birth, there were no difference of induced nestin positive cells among the severe HIE patients with good improvement (68.99±7.85), the severe HIE patients with poor improvement (71.43±6.88), the moderate HIE patients (73.34±6.46), the mild HIE patients (70.46±6.66) and the controls (71.13±7.19, F=0.51, P=0.7). In the severe HIE patients with obvious improvement, the induced nestin positive cells from 7th day peripheral blood mononuclear cells (94.50±15.57) increased markedly compared with that within 24 hours (68.99±7.85, t=4.66, P<0.001), and were higher than the induced nestin positive cells from 7(th) day peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the severe HIE patients with no obvious improvement (94.50±15.57 vs 69.48±5.32, t=4.62, P<0.001). CONCLUSION The ability of peripheral mononuclear cells differentiating into neural cells in term infants with good improvement suffering from severe HIE was enhanced, which may suggest possible relationship between the brain repair and the peripheral stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei dong
- Department of pediatrics, Tongji University
| | | | - Gong Xiaohui
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Corresponding Author: Address: Department of Neonatology, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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21
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Isasi R, Dalpe G, Knoppers BM. Fostering public cord blood banking and research in Canada. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 22 Suppl 1:29-34. [PMID: 24304072 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In June 2013, Canadian Blood Services (CBS) established the National Public Cord Blood Bank (NPCBB) accessible to Canadian and international patients and researchers. The NPCBB promotes efforts that contribute to research and improved clinical care by making units not suitable for banking or transplantation available for research. In the context of the NPCBB of the CBS, this article will focus on the practical tools (e.g., consent protocols) developed to optimize umbilical cord blood (UCB) banking and research while enabling ethical provenance of UCB stem cells. The Canadian approach represents an ideal model for comparison as it is a country in which the national public bank (and other regional/provincial public banks) coexists with private companies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Isasi
- Centre of Genomics and Society, McGill University , Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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22
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Sypecka J, Sarnowska A. The neuroprotective effect exerted by oligodendroglial progenitors on ischemically impaired hippocampal cells. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 49:685-701. [PMID: 24085562 PMCID: PMC3950613 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8549-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) are the focus of intense research for the purpose of cell replacement therapies in acquired or inherited neurodegenerative disorders, accompanied by ongoing hypo/demyelination. Recently, it has been postulated that these glia-committed cells exhibit certain properties of neural stem cells. Advances in stem cell biology have shown that their therapeutic effect could be attributed to their ability to secret numerous active compounds which modify the local microenvironment making it more susceptible to restorative processes. To verify this hypothesis, we set up an ex vivo co-culture system of OPCs isolated from neonatal rat brain with organotypic hippocampal slices (OHC) injured by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). The presence of OPCs in such co-cultures resulted in a significant neuroprotective effect manifesting itself as a decrease in cell death rate and as an extension of newly formed cells in ischemically impaired hippocampal slices. A microarray analysis of broad spectrum of trophic factors and cytokines expressed by OPCs was performed for the purpose of finding the factor(s) contributing to the observed effect. Three of them—BDNF, IL-10 and SCF—were selected for the subsequent functional assays. Our data revealed that BDNF released by OPCs is the potent factor that stimulates cell proliferation and survival in OHC subjected to OGD injury. At the same time, it was observed that IL-10 attenuates inflammatory processes by promoting the formation of the cells associated with the immunological response. Those neuroprotective qualities of oligodendroglia-biased progenitors significantly contribute to anticipating a successful cell replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Sypecka
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5, Pawinskiego str.,, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland,
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Fongsarun J, Ekkapongpisit M, Paisan M, Chanthachorn S, Papadopoulos KI. Prevalence of transmissible viral disease in maternal blood samples of autologous umbilical cord blood in a private cord blood bank. TRANSPLANTATION TECHNOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.7243/2053-6623-1-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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