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Zhang T, Liang W, Ou W, Zhang M, Cui S, Zhang S. Daphnetin alleviates neuropathic pain in chronic constrictive injury rats via regulating the NF-κB dependent CXCL1/CXCR2 signaling pathway. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:746-754. [PMID: 37177984 PMCID: PMC10184651 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2198560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Daphnetin is a natural product with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties. Reports have found that it has a strong analgesic effect; however, its analgesic mechanism is unknown. OBJECTIVE We explored the effect and mechanism of daphnetin on neuropathic pain (NP). MATERIALS AND METHODS The rat model of NP was established by ligation of the sciatic nerve. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups: Control, Model, Sham, morphine (0.375 mg/kg), and daphnetin (0.0625 and 0.025 mg/kg). Rats were intrathecally injected with drugs or normal saline once daily for three days. Hyperalgesia was evaluated by mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal threshold (TWT). Protein levels were detected using ELISA, immunofluorescence, and western blotting. RESULTS Compared to the Model group, daphnetin improved TWT (46.70 °C vs. 42.20 °C) and MWT (45.60 g vs. 23.60 g), reduced the expression of interleukin-1β (0.99 ng/g vs. 1.42 ng/g), interleukin-6 (0.90 ng/g vs. 1.52 ng/g), and tumor necrosis factor-α (0.93 ng/g vs. 1.52 ng/g) in the sciatic nerve. Daphnetin decreased the expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) (0.47-fold), phosphorylated inhibitor of NF-κB (p-IKBα) (0.29-fold), nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) (0.48-fold), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) (0.42-fold), CXC chemokine ligand type 1 (CXCL1) (0.84-fold), CXC chemokine receptor type 2 (CXCR2) (0.78-fold) in the spinal cord. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Daphnetin alleviates NP by inhibiting inflammation and astrocyte activation in the spinal cord, providing theoretical support for the extensive clinical treatment of NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianrui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wulin Liang
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Ou
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Mingqian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Cui
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuofeng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Ruimonte-Crespo J, Plaza-Manzano G, Díaz-Arribas MJ, Navarro-Santana MJ, López-Marcos JJ, Fabero-Garrido R, Seijas-Fernández T, Valera-Calero JA. Aerobic Exercise and Neuropathic Pain: Insights from Animal Models and Implications for Human Therapy. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3174. [PMID: 38137395 PMCID: PMC10740819 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This narrative review explores the complex relationship between aerobic exercise (AE) and neuropathic pain (NP), particularly focusing on peripheral neuropathies of mechanical origin. Pain, a multifaceted phenomenon, significantly impacts functionality and distress. The International Association for the Study of Pain's definition highlights pain's biopsychosocial nature, emphasizing the importance of patient articulation. Neuropathic pain, arising from various underlying processes, presents unique challenges in diagnosis and treatment. Our methodology involved a comprehensive literature search in the PubMed and SCOPUS databases, focusing on studies relating AE to NP, specifically in peripheral neuropathies caused by mechanical forces. The search yielded 28 articles and 1 book, primarily animal model studies, providing insights into the efficacy of AE in NP management. Results from animal models demonstrate that AE, particularly in forms like no-incline treadmill and swimming, effectively reduces mechanical allodynia and thermal hypersensitivity associated with NP. AE influences neurophysiological mechanisms underlying NP, modulating neurotrophins, cytokines, and glial cell activity. These findings suggest AE's potential in attenuating neurophysiological alterations in NP. However, human model studies are scarce, limiting the direct extrapolation of these findings to human neuropathic conditions. The few available studies indicate AE's potential benefits in peripheral NP, but a lack of specificity in these studies necessitates further research. In conclusion, while animal models show promising results regarding AE's role in mitigating NP symptoms and influencing underlying neurophysiological mechanisms, more human-centric research is required. This review underscores the need for targeted clinical trials to fully understand and harness AE's therapeutic potential in human neuropathic pain, especially of mechanical origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Ruimonte-Crespo
- Department of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.R.-C.); (M.J.D.-A.); (M.J.N.-S.); (J.J.L.-M.); (R.F.-G.); (T.S.-F.); (J.A.V.-C.)
| | - Gustavo Plaza-Manzano
- Department of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.R.-C.); (M.J.D.-A.); (M.J.N.-S.); (J.J.L.-M.); (R.F.-G.); (T.S.-F.); (J.A.V.-C.)
- Grupo InPhysio, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Díaz-Arribas
- Department of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.R.-C.); (M.J.D.-A.); (M.J.N.-S.); (J.J.L.-M.); (R.F.-G.); (T.S.-F.); (J.A.V.-C.)
- Grupo InPhysio, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcos José Navarro-Santana
- Department of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.R.-C.); (M.J.D.-A.); (M.J.N.-S.); (J.J.L.-M.); (R.F.-G.); (T.S.-F.); (J.A.V.-C.)
- Grupo InPhysio, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Javier López-Marcos
- Department of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.R.-C.); (M.J.D.-A.); (M.J.N.-S.); (J.J.L.-M.); (R.F.-G.); (T.S.-F.); (J.A.V.-C.)
- Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, Nebrija University, 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Fabero-Garrido
- Department of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.R.-C.); (M.J.D.-A.); (M.J.N.-S.); (J.J.L.-M.); (R.F.-G.); (T.S.-F.); (J.A.V.-C.)
| | - Tamara Seijas-Fernández
- Department of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.R.-C.); (M.J.D.-A.); (M.J.N.-S.); (J.J.L.-M.); (R.F.-G.); (T.S.-F.); (J.A.V.-C.)
| | - Juan Antonio Valera-Calero
- Department of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.R.-C.); (M.J.D.-A.); (M.J.N.-S.); (J.J.L.-M.); (R.F.-G.); (T.S.-F.); (J.A.V.-C.)
- Grupo InPhysio, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Li J, Li Y, Shu W. Case report: Peripheral nerve stimulation relieves post-traumatic trigeminal neuropathic pain and secondary hemifacial dystonia. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1107571. [PMID: 36864912 PMCID: PMC9974163 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1107571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic trigeminal neuropathic pain (PTNP) combined with secondary dystonia are rare sequelae of orofacial injury and often do not respond to conservative treatment. The consensus on treatment for both symptoms is yet to be standardized. This study reports the case of a 57-year-old male patient with left orbital trauma who developed PTNP immediately after the injury and secondary hemifacial dystonia 7 months thereafter. To treat his neuropathic pain, we performed peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) using a percutaneously implanted electrode to the ipsilateral supraorbital notch along the brow arch, which instantly resolved the patient's pain and dystonia. PTNP was relieved in a satisfactory manner until 18 months after the surgery, despite a gradual recurrence of the dystonia since 6 months after the surgery. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of PNS used for the treatment of PTNP combined with dystonia. This case report highlights the potential benefits of PNS in relieving neuropathic pain and dystonia and discusses the underlying therapeutic mechanism. Moreover, this study suggests that secondary dystonia occurs due to the uncoordinated integration of afferent sensory and efferent motor information. The findings of the present study indicate that PNS should be considered for patients with PTNP following the failure of conservative treatment. Secondary hemifacial dystonia may benefit from PNS upon further research and long-term assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchi Li
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjie Li
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Ghafouri B, Thordeman K, Hadjikani R, Bay Nord A, Gerdle B, Bäckryd E. An investigation of metabolome in blood in patients with chronic peripheral, posttraumatic/postsurgical neuropathic pain. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21714. [PMID: 36522472 PMCID: PMC9755304 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26405-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) is a chronic pain condition resulting from a lesion or disease in the somatosensory nervous system. The aim of this study was to investigate the metabolome in plasma from patients with chronic peripheral, posttraumatic/postsurgical NP compared to healthy controls. Further, we aimed to investigate the correlation between pain intensity and the metabolome in plasma. The metabolic profile in plasma samples from 16 patients with chronic NP and 12 healthy controls was analyzed using a nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy method. Information about pain intensity, pain duration, body mass index (BMI), age, sex, and blood pressure were obtained through a questionnaire and clinical examination. Multivariate data analysis was used to identify metabolites significant for group separation and their correlation with pain intensity and duration, BMI, and age. We found 50 out of 326 features in plasma significantly contributing to group discrimination between NP and controls. Several of the metabolites that significantly differed were involved in inflammatory processes, while others were important for central nervous system functioning and neural signaling. There was no correlation between pain intensity and levels of metabolite in NP. These findings indicate that there seems to be peripheral/systemic differences in the metabolic profile between patients with chronic NP and healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijar Ghafouri
- grid.5640.70000 0001 2162 9922Pain and Rehabilitation Center, and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Katarina Thordeman
- grid.5640.70000 0001 2162 9922Pain and Rehabilitation Center, and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Romina Hadjikani
- grid.5640.70000 0001 2162 9922Pain and Rehabilitation Center, and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anders Bay Nord
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Swedish NMR Centre at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Björn Gerdle
- grid.5640.70000 0001 2162 9922Pain and Rehabilitation Center, and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Emmanuel Bäckryd
- grid.5640.70000 0001 2162 9922Pain and Rehabilitation Center, and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
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Chen YN, Liu HF, Sun H, Xiao CJ, Jiang B, Shen L. Antinociceptive effect of ethanolic extract of Bauhinia brachycarpa Benth on neuropathic pain model induced by partial sciatic nerve ligation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 295:115412. [PMID: 35640742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The plant Bauhinia brachycarpa Benth (BBB) has been traditionally used for treating muscle aches such as bone pain, and neuralgia for a long time, on account of its sedative and antinociceptive activities in Yunnan province of China. However, there was no experimental evidence to confirm its traditional medicinal use. AIM OF THE STUDY The antinociceptive effect and possible mechanism of ethanolic extract of BBB on neuropathic pain was evaluated through a model of partial sciatic nerve ligation in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS A commonly employed animal model induced by partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSNL) in mice was established in the aim of studying neuropathic pain. Ethanolic extract of BBB (1000, 500, 250 mg/kg) and pregabalin (60 mg/kg) were intragastric administrated daily for 7 days post-PSNL. Mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia were assessed throughout the experimental period. After the experiment, the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in serum were determined by ELISA. The mRNA expressions of ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1), CD16, CD206, arginine-1 (Arg-1), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the spinal cord were detected by qPCR. The protein levels of Iba-1, CD16, CD206, and p38 phosphorylation in the spinal cord were detected by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. The phytochemical analysis of BBB was performed through the colorimetric test. RESULTS Neuropathic pain induced by PSNL was significantly alleviated by BBB treatment, which decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β and iNOS, increased anti-inflammatory cytokine such as IL-10 and Arg-1, and attenuated p38 phosphorylation. BBB also reduced the number of Iba-1 and CD16 positive cells, but it enhanced the number of CD206 positive cells. n-Butanol portion that was partitioned from the ethanolic extract had the highest content of total flavonoids among all the portions, and the antinociceptive effect of n-butanol portion is better than that of other portions. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that the antinociceptive effect of BBB is mediated by inhibiting the inflammatory response and regulating the differentiation of microglia. The antinociceptive effect of BBB was related to the content of total flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Chen
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Screening and Research on Anti-pathogenic Plant Resources from Western Yunnan, Dali, People's Republic of China
| | - Han-Fu Liu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Screening and Research on Anti-pathogenic Plant Resources from Western Yunnan, Dali, People's Republic of China
| | - He Sun
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Screening and Research on Anti-pathogenic Plant Resources from Western Yunnan, Dali, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao-Jiang Xiao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Screening and Research on Anti-pathogenic Plant Resources from Western Yunnan, Dali, People's Republic of China; College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, People's Republic of China
| | - Bei Jiang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Screening and Research on Anti-pathogenic Plant Resources from Western Yunnan, Dali, People's Republic of China; College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Shen
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Screening and Research on Anti-pathogenic Plant Resources from Western Yunnan, Dali, People's Republic of China; College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, People's Republic of China.
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Lee N, Park GT, Lim JK, Choi EB, Moon HJ, Kim DK, Choi SM, Song YC, Kim TK, Kim JH. Mesenchymal stem cell spheroids alleviate neuropathic pain by modulating chronic inflammatory response genes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:940258. [PMID: 36003384 PMCID: PMC9393760 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.940258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic neuropathic pain is caused by dysfunction of the peripheral nerves associated with the somatosensory system. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted attention as promising cell therapeutics for chronic pain; however, their clinical application has been hampered by the poor in vivo survival and low therapeutic efficacy of transplanted cells. Increasing evidence suggests enhanced therapeutic efficacy of spheroids formed by three-dimensional culture of MSCs. In the present study, we established a neuropathic pain murine model by inducing a chronic constriction injury through ligation of the right sciatic nerve and measured the therapeutic effects and survival efficacy of spheroids. Monolayer-cultured and spheroids were transplanted into the gastrocnemius muscle close to the damaged sciatic nerve. Transplantation of spheroids alleviated chronic pain more potently and exhibited prolonged in vivo survival compared to monolayer-cultured cells. Moreover, spheroids significantly reduced macrophage infiltration into the injured tissues. Interestingly, the expression of mouse-origin genes associated with inflammatory responses, Ccl11/Eotaxin, interleukin 1A, tumor necrosis factor B, and tumor necrosis factor, was significantly attenuated by the administration of spheroids compared to that of monolayer. These results suggest that MSC spheroids exhibit enhanced in vivo survival after cell transplantation and reduced the host inflammatory response through the regulation of main chronic inflammatory response-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayeon Lee
- Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Gyu Tae Park
- Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Jae Kyung Lim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Eun Bae Choi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Hye Ji Moon
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Dae Kyoung Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Seong Min Choi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Young Cheol Song
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Tae Kyun Kim
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Jae Ho Kim
- Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jae Ho Kim,
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Lysophosphatidylcholine: Potential Target for the Treatment of Chronic Pain. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158274. [PMID: 35955410 PMCID: PMC9368269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The bioactive lipid lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), a major phospholipid component of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL), originates from the cleavage of phosphatidylcholine by phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and is catabolized to other substances by different enzymatic pathways. LPC exerts pleiotropic effects mediated by its receptors, G protein-coupled signaling receptors, Toll-like receptors, and ion channels to activate several second messengers. Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) is increasingly considered a key marker/factor positively in pathological states, especially inflammation and atherosclerosis development. Current studies have indicated that the injury of nervous tissues promotes oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, as well as excessive accumulation of LPC, enhancing the membrane hyperexcitability to induce chronic pain, which may be recognized as one of the hallmarks of chronic pain. However, findings from lipidomic studies of LPC have been lacking in the context of chronic pain. In this review, we focus in some detail on LPC sources, biochemical pathways, and the signal-transduction system. Moreover, we outline the detection methods of LPC for accurate analysis of each individual LPC species and reveal the pathophysiological implication of LPC in chronic pain, which makes it an interesting target for biomarkers and the development of medicine regarding chronic pain.
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Dehdashtian A, Bratley JV, Svientek SR, Kung TA, Awan TM, Cederna PS, Kemp SW. Autologous fat grafting for nerve regeneration and neuropathic pain: current state from bench-to-bedside. Regen Med 2020; 15:2209-2228. [PMID: 33264053 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2020-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in microsurgical techniques, functional recovery following peripheral nerve injury remains slow and inadequate. Poor peripheral nerve regeneration not only leaves patients with significant impairments, but also commonly leads to the development of debilitating neuropathic pain. Recent research has demonstrated the potential therapeutic benefits of adipose-derived stem cells, to enhance nerve regeneration. However, clinical translation remains limited due to the current regulatory burdens of the US FDA. A reliable and immediately translatable alternative is autologous fat grafting, where native adipose-derived stem cells present in the transferred tissue can potentially act upon regenerating axons. This review presents the scope of adipose tissue-based therapies to enhance outcomes following peripheral nerve injury, specifically focusing on their role in regeneration and ameliorating neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Dehdashtian
- Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jarred V Bratley
- Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Shelby R Svientek
- Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Theodore A Kung
- Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tariq M Awan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Paul S Cederna
- Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Stephen Wp Kemp
- Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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