1
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Della Rosa G, Gostynska N, Ephraim JW, Marras S, Moroni M, Tirelli N, Panuccio G, Palazzolo G. Magnesium vs. sodium alginate as precursors of calcium alginate: Mechanical differences and advantages in the development of functional neuronal networks. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 342:122375. [PMID: 39048194 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Calcium alginate is one of the most widely employed matrices in regenerative medicine. A downside is its heterogeneity, due to the poorly controllable character of the gelation of sodium alginate (NaAlg), i.e. the commonly used alginate salt, with calcium. Here, we have used magnesium alginate (MgAlg) as an alternative precursor of calcium alginate. MgAlg coils, more compact and thus less entangled than those of NaAlg, allow for an easier diffusion of calcium ions, whereas Mg is exchanged with calcium more slowly than Na; this allows for the formation of a material (Ca(Mg)Alg) with a more reversible creep behaviour than Ca(Na)Alg, due to a more homogeneous - albeit lower - density of elastically active cross-links. We also show that Ca(Mg)Alg supports better than Ca(Na)Alg the network development and function of embedded (rat cortical) neurons: they show greater neurite extension and branching at 7 and 21 days (Tubb3 and Map2 immunofluorescence) and better neuronal network functional maturation / more robust and longer-lasting activity, probed by calcium imaging and microelectrode array electrophysiology. Overall, our results unveil the potential of MgAlg as bioactive biomaterial for enabling the formation of functional neuron-based tissue analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Della Rosa
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Laboratory for Enhanced Regenerative Medicine, Genova, Italy; University of Pavia, Department of Molecular Medicine, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Natalia Gostynska
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Laboratory for Enhanced Regenerative Medicine, Genova, Italy.
| | - John W Ephraim
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Laboratory for Enhanced Regenerative Medicine, Genova, Italy.
| | - Sergio Marras
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Materials Characterization Facility, Genova, Italy.
| | | | - Nicola Tirelli
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Laboratory for Polymers and Biomaterials, Genova, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Panuccio
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Laboratory for Enhanced Regenerative Medicine, Genova, Italy.
| | - Gemma Palazzolo
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Laboratory for Enhanced Regenerative Medicine, Genova, Italy.
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2
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Oliva MK, Bourke J, Kornienko D, Mattei C, Mao M, Kuanyshbek A, Ovchinnikov D, Bryson A, Karle TJ, Maljevic S, Petrou S. Standardizing a method for functional assessment of neural networks in brain organoids. J Neurosci Methods 2024; 409:110178. [PMID: 38825241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
During the last decade brain organoids have emerged as an attractive model system, allowing stem cells to be differentiated into complex 3D models, recapitulating many aspects of human brain development. Whilst many studies have analysed anatomical and cytoarchitectural characteristics of organoids, their functional characterisation has been limited, and highly variable between studies. Standardised, consistent methods for recording functional activity are critical to providing a functional understanding of neuronal networks at the synaptic and network level that can yield useful information about functional network phenotypes in disease and healthy states. In this study we outline a detailed methodology for calcium imaging and Multi-Electrode Array (MEA) recordings in brain organoids. To illustrate the utility of these functional interrogation techniques in uncovering induced differences in neural network activity we applied various stimulating media protocols. We demonstrate overlapping information from the two modalities, with comparable numbers of active cells in the four treatment groups and an increase in synchronous behaviour in BrainPhys treated groups. Further development of analysis pipelines to reveal network level changes in brain organoids will enrich our understanding of network formation and perturbation in these structures, and aid in the future development of drugs that target neurological disorders at the network level.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Oliva
- Ion Channels and Diseases Group, The Florey, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - J Bourke
- Ion Channels and Diseases Group, The Florey, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - D Kornienko
- Ion Channels and Diseases Group, The Florey, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - C Mattei
- Ion Channels and Diseases Group, The Florey, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - M Mao
- Ion Channels and Diseases Group, The Florey, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - A Kuanyshbek
- Ion Channels and Diseases Group, The Florey, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - D Ovchinnikov
- Ion Channels and Diseases Group, The Florey, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - A Bryson
- Ion Channels and Diseases Group, The Florey, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - T J Karle
- Ion Channels and Diseases Group, The Florey, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - S Maljevic
- Ion Channels and Diseases Group, The Florey, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - S Petrou
- Ion Channels and Diseases Group, The Florey, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Praxis Precision Medicines, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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Cibulka M, Brodnanova M, Halasova E, Kurca E, Kolisek M, Grofik M. The Role of Magnesium in Parkinson's Disease: Status Quo and Implications for Future Research. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8425. [PMID: 39125993 PMCID: PMC11312984 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases represent an increasing economic, social, and, above all, medical burden worldwide. The second most prevalent disease in this category is Parkinson's disease, surpassed only by Alzheimer's. It is a treatable but still incurable systemic disease with a pathogenesis that has not yet been elucidated. Several theories are currently being developed to explain the causes and progression of Parkinson's disease. Magnesium is one of the essential macronutrients and is absolutely necessary for life as we know it. The magnesium cation performs several important functions in the cell in the context of energetic metabolism, substrate metabolism, cell signalling, and the regulation of the homeostasis of other ions. Several of these cellular processes have been simultaneously described as being disrupted in the development and progression of Parkinson's disease. The relationship between magnesium homeostasis and the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease has received little scientific attention to date. The aim of this review is to summarise and critically evaluate the current state of knowledge on the possible role of magnesium in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease and to outline possible future directions for research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Cibulka
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (M.C.); (M.B.); (E.H.)
| | - Maria Brodnanova
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (M.C.); (M.B.); (E.H.)
| | - Erika Halasova
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (M.C.); (M.B.); (E.H.)
| | - Egon Kurca
- Clinic of Neurology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Martin Kolisek
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (M.C.); (M.B.); (E.H.)
| | - Milan Grofik
- Clinic of Neurology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
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Dominguez LJ, Veronese N, Barbagallo M. Magnesium and the Hallmarks of Aging. Nutrients 2024; 16:496. [PMID: 38398820 PMCID: PMC10892939 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Magnesium is an essential ion in the human body that regulates numerous physiological and pathological processes. Magnesium deficiency is very common in old age. Age-related chronic diseases and the aging process itself are frequently associated with low-grade chronic inflammation, called 'inflammaging'. Because chronic magnesium insufficiency has been linked to excessive generation of inflammatory markers and free radicals, inducing a chronic inflammatory state, we formerly hypothesized that magnesium inadequacy may be considered among the intermediaries helping us explain the link between inflammaging and aging-associated diseases. We show in this review evidence of the relationship of magnesium with all the hallmarks of aging (genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, deregulated nutrient sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, altered intercellular communication, disabled autophagy, dysbiosis, and chronic inflammation), which may positively affect the human healthspan. It is feasible to hypothesize that maintaining an optimal balance of magnesium during one's life course may turn out to be a safe and economical strategy contributing to the promotion of healthy aging. Future well-designed studies are necessary to further explore this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia J. Dominguez
- School of Medicine, “Kore” University of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy;
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Nicola Veronese
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Mario Barbagallo
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
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Magnesium and the Brain: A Focus on Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010223. [PMID: 36613667 PMCID: PMC9820677 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is involved in the regulation of metabolism and in the maintenance of the homeostasis of all the tissues, including the brain, where it harmonizes nerve signal transmission and preserves the integrity of the blood-brain barrier. Mg deficiency contributes to systemic low-grade inflammation, the common denominator of most diseases. In particular, neuroinflammation is the hallmark of neurodegenerative disorders. Starting from a rapid overview on the role of magnesium in the brain, this narrative review provides evidences linking the derangement of magnesium balance with multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's diseases.
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Sun W, Chen X, Mei Y, Li X, Yang Y, An L. Co-exposure of melamine and cyanuric acid as a risk factor for oxidative stress and energy metabolism: Adverse effects on hippocampal neuronal and synaptic function induced by excessive ROS production. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 247:114230. [PMID: 36306617 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Melamine (MEL) and cyanuric acid (CA) alone have relatively low toxicity, but together they may cause serious damage to multiple organs, including the central nervous system, however, the underlying mechanism is unknown. This study aimed to determine and compare the neurotoxic effects of MEL (20 μg/mL), CA (20 μg/mL) and their combination (10 μg/mL MEL and 10 μg/mL CA) on cultured hippocampal neurons. The cell viability, apoptosis, anti-oxidative and energy metabolic indices were detected following 24 h of incubations. The miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs), miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs) and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampal CA1 neurons were recorded. Moreover, ROS scavenger NAC was co-infused to investigate the potential mechanism. We found the complex of MEL and CA but not their alone caused severe cell death and disturbed energy production through activation caspase-3-mediated apoptosis. Meanwhile, the combination significantly reduced the amplitude, decay time and frequency of mEPSCs but not mIPSCs, indicating the pre- and post-synaptic inhibitory actions on neuronal activity. Paired-pulsed ratio (PPR) and long-term potentiation (LTP) at the Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses were critically depressed. However, the co-application of NAC could effectively mitigate the cellular apoptosis, energy metabolism dysfunction and the impairments in neuronal and synaptic function. Our findings provide the first evidence that the combination of MEL and CA can exert more prominently neurotoxic effects than their alone and certify that one of the potential mechanisms for neuronal and synaptic dysfunction is the ROS-mediated signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- Department of Pediatric, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, China; Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, China; Graduate School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yazi Mei
- Graduate School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaoliang Li
- Department of Neurology, Jinan Geriatric/Rehabilitation Hospital, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pediatric, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, China
| | - Lei An
- Department of Pediatric, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, China; Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, China; Department of Neurology, Jinan Geriatric/Rehabilitation Hospital, Jinan 250013, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, China.
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7
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Magnesium and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles from Datura alba Improve Cognitive Impairment and Blood Brain Barrier Leakage. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27154753. [PMID: 35897930 PMCID: PMC9332407 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder involving persistent spontaneous seizures and uncontrolled neuronal excitability that leads to cognitive impairments and blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Currently available antiepileptic drugs present side effects and researchers are trying to discover new agents with properties to overcome these drawbacks. The aim was to synthesize magnesium oxide (MgO) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles from Datura alba fresh leaf extracts and evaluate their anti-epileptic potential in mice kindling or a repetitive seizures model. The phytoassisted synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using spectroscopy; FT-IR, XRD, SEM, and EDX. Analysis of the NPs confirmed the crystalline pleomorphic shape using the salts of both zinc and magnesium possibly stabilized, functionalized and reduced by bioactive molecules present in plant extract. By using several characterization techniques, NPs were confirmed. UV-Vis spectroscopy of biologically produced ZnO and MgO revealed distinctive peaks at 380 nm and 242 nm, respectively. Our findings categorically demonstrated the reductive role of biomolecules in the formation of ZnO and MgO NPs. The mice kindling model was induced using seven injections of Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ, 40 mg/kg, i.p) for 15 days alternatively. The results showed that mice post-treated with either ZnO or MgO nanoparticles (10 mg/kg, i.p) significantly improved in respect of behavior and memory as confirmed in the Morris water maze (MWM), open field (OF), novel object recognition (NOR) test compared with PTZ treated mice. Furthermore, the ZnO and MgO nanoparticle treatment also maintained the integrity of the BBB, reducing the leakage, as confirmed by Evans blue dye (EBD) compared with PTZ treated mice only. In summary, the current finding demonstrates that green synthesized ZnO and MgO nanoparticles have neuroprotective, ant-epileptic potential, molecular mechanisms, and clinical implications need to be further explored.
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8
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Yao Z, Yuan W, Xu J, Tong W, Mi J, Ho P, Chow DHK, Li Y, Yao H, Li X, Xu S, Guo J, Zhu Q, Bian L, Qin L. Magnesium-Encapsulated Injectable Hydrogel and 3D-Engineered Polycaprolactone Conduit Facilitate Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2202102. [PMID: 35652188 PMCID: PMC9313484 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury is a challenging orthopedic condition that can be treated by autograft transplantation, a gold standard treatment in the current clinical setting. Nevertheless, limited availability of autografts and potential morbidities in donors hampers its widespread application. Bioactive scaffold-based tissue engineering is a promising strategy to promote nerve regeneration. Additionally, magnesium (Mg) ions enhance nerve regeneration; however, an effectively controlled delivery vehicle is necessary to optimize their in vivo therapeutic effects. Herein, a bisphosphonate-based injectable hydrogel exhibiting sustained Mg2+ delivery for peripheral nerve regeneration is developed. It is observed that Mg2+ promoted neurite outgrowth in a concentration-dependent manner by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and Sema5b. Moreover, implantation of polycaprolactone (PCL) conduits filled with Mg2+ -releasing hydrogel in 10 mm nerve defects in rats significantly enhanced axon regeneration and remyelination at 12 weeks post-operation compared to the controls (blank conduits or conduits filled with Mg2+ -absent hydrogel). Functional recovery analysis reveals enhanced reinnervation in the animals treated with the Mg2+ -releasing hydrogel compared to that in the control groups. In summary, the Mg2+ -releasing hydrogel combined with the 3D-engineered PCL conduit promotes peripheral nerve regeneration and functional recovery. Thus, a new strategy to facilitate the repair of challenging peripheral nerve injuries is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Yao
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopedics & TraumatologyInnovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial & Drug Translational Research LaboratoryLi Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
| | - Weihao Yuan
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopedics & TraumatologyInnovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial & Drug Translational Research LaboratoryLi Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
| | - Jiankun Xu
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopedics & TraumatologyInnovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial & Drug Translational Research LaboratoryLi Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
| | - Wenxue Tong
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopedics & TraumatologyInnovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial & Drug Translational Research LaboratoryLi Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
| | - Jie Mi
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopedics & TraumatologyInnovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial & Drug Translational Research LaboratoryLi Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
| | - Pak‐Cheong Ho
- Department of Orthopaedics & TraumatologyPrince of Wales HospitalChinese University of Hong KongHong KongSAR999077China
| | - Dick Ho Kiu Chow
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopedics & TraumatologyInnovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial & Drug Translational Research LaboratoryLi Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
| | - Ye Li
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopedics & TraumatologyInnovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial & Drug Translational Research LaboratoryLi Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
| | - Hao Yao
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopedics & TraumatologyInnovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial & Drug Translational Research LaboratoryLi Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
| | - Xu Li
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopedics & TraumatologyInnovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial & Drug Translational Research LaboratoryLi Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
| | - Shunxiang Xu
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopedics & TraumatologyInnovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial & Drug Translational Research LaboratoryLi Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
| | - Jiaxin Guo
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopedics & TraumatologyInnovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial & Drug Translational Research LaboratoryLi Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
| | - Qingtang Zhu
- Department of Microsurgery and Orthopedic TraumaFirst Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong Province510080China
| | - Liming Bian
- School of Biomedical Sciences and EngineeringNational Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and ReconstructionKey Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of EducationSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouGuangdong Province510006China
| | - Ling Qin
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopedics & TraumatologyInnovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial & Drug Translational Research LaboratoryLi Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
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Wang J, Li J, Liu K, Wang S, SU Q, Chen Y, Wang Y, Wang Y. Integrated lipidomics and network pharmacology analysis of the protective effects and mechanism of Yuanzhi San on rats with cognitive impairment. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 58:116651. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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10
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Chen S, Xu D, Fan L, Fang Z, Wang X, Li M. Roles of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors (NMDARs) in Epilepsy. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 14:797253. [PMID: 35069111 PMCID: PMC8780133 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.797253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders characterized by recurrent seizures. The mechanism of epilepsy remains unclear and previous studies suggest that N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) play an important role in abnormal discharges, nerve conduction, neuron injury and inflammation, thereby they may participate in epileptogenesis. NMDARs belong to a family of ionotropic glutamate receptors that play essential roles in excitatory neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity in the mammalian CNS. Despite numerous studies focusing on the role of NMDAR in epilepsy, the relationship appeared to be elusive. In this article, we reviewed the regulation of NMDAR and possible mechanisms of NMDAR in epilepsy and in respect of onset, development, and treatment, trying to provide more evidence for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Man Li
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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11
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García-Gaytán AC, Hernández-Abrego A, Díaz-Muñoz M, Méndez I. Glutamatergic system components as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cancer in non-neural organs. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1029210. [PMID: 36457557 PMCID: PMC9705578 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1029210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate is one of the most abundant amino acids in the blood. Besides its role as a neurotransmitter in the brain, it is a key substrate in several metabolic pathways and a primary messenger that acts through its receptors outside the central nervous system (CNS). The two main types of glutamate receptors, ionotropic and metabotropic, are well characterized in CNS and have been recently analyzed for their roles in non-neural organs. Glutamate receptor expression may be particularly important for tumor growth in organs with high concentrations of glutamate and might also influence the propensity of such tumors to set metastases in glutamate-rich organs, such as the liver. The study of glutamate transporters has also acquired relevance in the physiology and pathologies outside the CNS, especially in the field of cancer research. In this review, we address the recent findings about the expression of glutamatergic system components, such as receptors and transporters, their role in the physiology and pathology of cancer in non-neural organs, and their possible use as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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12
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Abdelrahman KM, Hackshaw KV. Nutritional Supplements for the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain. Biomedicines 2021; 9:674. [PMID: 34199290 PMCID: PMC8231824 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain affects 7-10% of the population and is often ineffectively and incompletely treated. Although the gold standard for treatment of neuropathic pain includes tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors, and anticonvulsants, patients suffering from neuropathic pain are increasingly turning to nonpharmacologic treatments, including nutritional supplements for analgesia. So-called "nutraceuticals" have garnered significant interest among patients seeking to self-treat their neuropathic pain with readily available supplements. The supplements most often used by patients include vitamins such as vitamin B and vitamin D, trace minerals zinc and magnesium, and herbal remedies such as curcumin and St. John's Wort. However, evidence surrounding the efficacy and mechanisms of these supplements in neuropathic pain is limited, and the scientific literature consists primarily of preclinical animal models, case studies, and small randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Further exploration into large randomized controlled trials is needed to fully inform patients and physicians on the utility of these supplements in neuropathic pain. In this review, we explore the basis behind using several nutritional supplements commonly used by patients with neuropathic pain seen in rheumatology clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin V. Hackshaw
- Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA;
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13
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Sankova MV, Kytko OV, Meylanova RD, Vasil’ev YL, Nelipa MV. Possible prospects for using modern magnesium preparations for increasing stress resistance during COVID-19 pandemic. RESEARCH RESULTS IN PHARMACOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/rrpharmacology.6.59407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The relevance of the issue of increasing stress resistance is due to a significant deterioration in the mental health of the population caused by the special conditions of the disease control and prevention during the COVID-19 pandemic. Recently, the decisive role in the severity of clinico-physiological manifestations of maladjustment to stress is assigned to magnesium ions.
The aim of the work was to study the magnesium importance in the body coping mechanisms under stress for the pathogenetic substantiation of the magnesium correction in an unfavorable situation of disease control and prevention during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Materials and methods: The theoretical basis of this scientific and analytical review was an analysis of modern Russian and foreign literature data posted on the electronic portals MEDLINE, PubMed-NCBI, Scientific Electronic Library eLIBRARY.RU, Google Academy, and CyberLeninka.
Results and discussion: It was shown that the total magnesium level in the body plays the indicator role of the body functional reserves. Acute and chronic stresses significantly increase the magnesium consumption and cause a decrease in its body content. Magnesium deficiency is one of the main pathogenetic mechanisms of reducing stress resistance and adaptive body reserves. Arising during the COVID-19 pandemic, increased nervous and emotional tension, the lack of emotional comfort and balance can lead to the onset or deterioration of magnesium deficiency, which manifests itself in mental burnout and depletion of adaptive capacities. The inability to synthesize magnesium in the body necessitates including foodstuffs high in magnesium in the population diet during this period. The appointment of magnesium preparations is pathogenetically justified with moderate and severe magnesium deficiency. This therapy should take into account the major concomitant diseases, severity of magnesium deficiency, and a patient’s age.
Conclusion: magnesium correction, carried out during the COVID-19 pandemic, will contribute to increasing stress resistance, preventing mental diseases and improving the population’s life quality.
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14
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Tang CF, Ding H, Jiao RQ, Wu XX, Kong LD. Possibility of magnesium supplementation for supportive treatment in patients with COVID-19. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 886:173546. [PMID: 32931782 PMCID: PMC7486870 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium as an enzymatic activator is essential for various physiological functions such as cell cycle, metabolic regulation, muscle contraction, and vasomotor tone. A growing body of evidence supports that magnesium supplementation (mainly magnesium sulfate and magnesium oxide) prevents or treats various types of disorders or diseases related to respiratory system, reproductive system, nervous system, digestive system, and cardiovascular system as well as kidney injury, diabetes and cancer. The ongoing pandemic coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) characterized by respiratory tract symptoms with different degrees of important organ and tissue damages has attracted global attention. Particularly, effective drugs are still lacking in the COVID-19 therapy. In this review, we find and summarize the effectiveness of magnesium supplementation on the disorders or diseases, and provide a reference to the possibility of magnesium supplementation for supportive treatment in patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Feng Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Qing Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Xin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Dong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Maier JA, Pickering G, Giacomoni E, Cazzaniga A, Pellegrino P. Headaches and Magnesium: Mechanisms, Bioavailability, Therapeutic Efficacy and Potential Advantage of Magnesium Pidolate. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092660. [PMID: 32878232 PMCID: PMC7551876 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium deficiency may occur for several reasons, such as inadequate intake or increased gastrointestinal or renal loss. A large body of literature suggests a relationship between magnesium deficiency and mild and moderate tension-type headaches and migraines. A number of double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trials have shown that magnesium is efficacious in relieving headaches and have led to the recommendation of oral magnesium for headache relief in several national and international guidelines. Among several magnesium salts available to treat magnesium deficiency, magnesium pidolate may have high bioavailability and good penetration at the intracellular level. Here, we discuss the cellular and molecular effects of magnesium deficiency in the brain and the clinical evidence supporting the use of magnesium for the treatment of headaches and migraines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette A. Maier
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche L. Sacco, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Gisele Pickering
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital and Inserm 1107 Fundamental and Clinical Pharmacology of Pain, Medical Faculty, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Elena Giacomoni
- Sanofi Consumer Health Care, 20158 Milan, Italy; (E.G.); (P.P.)
| | - Alessandra Cazzaniga
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche L. Sacco, Università di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy;
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