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Kuchta-Gładysz M, Wójcik E, Grzesiakowska A, Rymuza K, Szeleszczuk O. Chromosomal Instability at Fragile Sites in Blue Foxes, Silver Foxes, and Their Interspecific Hybrids. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061743. [PMID: 34207981 PMCID: PMC8230692 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The paper describes the karyotypes of blue and silver foxes and their hybrids, in terms of the numbers of A and B chromosomes and the frequency of fragile sites on chromosomes. Genome stability in these species is affected by Robertson translocations in the karyotype of the blue fox and by B chromosomes in the silver fox. The fragile sites assay was used as a biomarker to assess genome stability in foxes. This test enables the identification of breaks, chromatid gaps, and deletions. In healthy individuals, the number of these instabilities remains low. The test can be used to select individuals with the most stable genome for breeding of blue and silver foxes. The fewer an individual’s susceptible sites, the more likely it is to have good reproductive performance. This factor is extremely important in the case of blue foxes, which are an endangered species. Abstract A cytogenetic assay based on fragile sites (FS) enables the identification of breaks, chromatid gaps, and deletions. In healthy individuals, the number of these instabilities remains low. Genome stability in these species is affected by Robertsonian translocations in the karyotype of the blue fox and by B chromosomes in the silver fox. The aims of the study were to characterise the karyotype of blue foxes, silver foxes, and their hybrids and to identify chromosomal fragile sites used to evaluate genome stability. The diploid number of A chromosomes in blue foxes ranged from 48 to 50, while the number of B chromosomes in silver foxes varied from one to four, with a constant number of A chromosomes (2n = 34). In interspecific hybrids, both types of karyotypic variation were identified, with the diploid number of A chromosomes ranging from 40 to 44 and the number of B chromosomes varying from 0 to 3. The mean frequency of FS in foxes was 4.06 ± 0.19: 4.61 ± 0.37 in blue foxes, 3.46 ± 0.28 in silver foxes, and 4.12 ± 0.22 in hybrids. A relationship was identified between an increased number of A chromosomes in the karyotype of the hybrids and the frequency of chromosomal breaks. The FS assay was used as a biomarker for the evaluation of genomic stability in the animals in the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Kuchta-Gładysz
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, Faculty of Animal Sciences, University of Agriculture in Krakow, ul. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Kraków, Poland; (M.K.-G.); (A.G.); (O.S.)
| | - Ewa Wójcik
- Institute of Animal Science and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobioengineering and Animal Husbandry, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, ul. Prusa 14, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Grzesiakowska
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, Faculty of Animal Sciences, University of Agriculture in Krakow, ul. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Kraków, Poland; (M.K.-G.); (A.G.); (O.S.)
| | - Katarzyna Rymuza
- Institute of Agriculture and Horticulture, Faculty of Agrobioengineering and Animal Husbandry, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, ul. Prusa 14, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland;
| | - Olga Szeleszczuk
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, Faculty of Animal Sciences, University of Agriculture in Krakow, ul. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Kraków, Poland; (M.K.-G.); (A.G.); (O.S.)
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Kuchta-Gładysz M, Wójcik E, Słonina D, Grzesiakowska A, Otwinowska-Mindur A, Szeleszczuk O, Niedbała P. Determination of cytogenetic markers for biological monitoring in coypu (Myocastor coypu). Anim Sci J 2020; 91:e13440. [PMID: 32885569 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cytogenetic tests are used to assess the influence of physical and chemical factors with potential mutagenic and genotoxic properties on the animal organism. The test results make it possible to eliminate mutagens, as well as helping predict possible genetic consequences in animal cells and assess animal resistance. The aim of this study was to examine, using cytogenetic tests, the spontaneous chromosome and DNA damage in coypu lymphocytes. Four tests: fragile site (FS), bleomycin (BLM), micronucleus, (MN) and comet were used for the first time in coypu cells. The averages with standard deviations obtained in the research were as follows: 3.30 ± 0.80 fragile sites/cell; 0.63 ± 0.80 BLM damage/cell; 6.10 ± 0.53% binucleated cells with MN; and 3.24 ± 0.63% DNA in tail. The present analysis showed high interindividual variation in spontaneous chromosomal and DNA damage levels. In the case of micronucleus, fragile sites, and comet assays, the differences between animals were statistically significant. The data suggest that these assays are sensitive enough to detect some effects on an individual animal and can be proposed as tools for coypu biomonitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Kuchta-Gładysz
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Wójcik
- Institute of Animal Science and Fisheries, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland
| | - Dorota Słonina
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Center, Cracow Branch, Poland
| | - Anna Grzesiakowska
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Olga Szeleszczuk
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Niedbała
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland
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Wójcik E, Szostek M. Assessment of genome stability in various breeds of cattle. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217799. [PMID: 31163060 PMCID: PMC6548367 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal instability is a type of genome instability involving changes in genetic information at the chromosomal level. The basic tests used to identify this form of instability are sister chromatid exchange (SCE) tests and identification of fragile sites (FS). SCE is the process by which sister chromatids become fragmented as a result of DNA strand breakage and reassembly, followed by exchange of these fragments. FS can be observed in the form of breaks, gaps or constrictions on chromosomes, which often result from multiple nucleotide repeats in DNA that are difficult to replicate. The research material was the peripheral blood of ten breeds of cattle raised in Poland, including four native breeds covered by a genetic resources conservation programme, i.e. Polish Red, Polish Red-and-White, White-Backed, and Polish Black-and-White, as well as Polish Holstein-Friesian, Simmental, Montbéliarde, Jersey, Limousine and Danish Red. Two tests were performed on chromosomes obtained from in vitro cultures: SCE and FS. The average frequency of SCE was 5.08 ± 1.31, while the incidence of FS was 3.45 ± 0.94. Differences in the incidence of SCE and FS were observed between breeds. The least damage was observed in the Polish Red and White-Backed breeds, and the most in Polish Holstein-Friesians. The most damage was observed in the interstitial part of the chromosomes. Age was shown to significantly affect the incidence of SCE and FS. Younger cows showed less damage than older ones (SCE: 4.84 ± 1.25; 5.34 ± 1.24; FS: 3.10 ± 0.88, 3.80 ± 0.92).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Wójcik
- Institute of Bioengineering and Animal Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Małgorzata Szostek
- Institute of Bioengineering and Animal Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland
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Wójcik E, Szostek M, Horoszewicz E, Kot E, Sebastian S, Smalec E. Analysis of chromatin instability of somatic cells in sheep. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2017-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cytogenetic tests are highly reliable, sensitive indicators of the early effects of genomic instability. Their results provide information on the organism’s susceptibility to exogenous and endogenous factors and are measures of the degree of repair of DNA damage. Our study assessed spontaneously occurring damage in following four breeds of sheep: Polish Heath, Polish Lowland (Zelazna variety), Polish Blackhead, and Berrichon du Cher. Instability was identified using the following three different tests: a sister chromatid exchange (SCE) assay, identification of fragile sites, and the comet assay. The distribution of instabilities varied depending on the breed. The mean frequency of SCEs was 5.13 ± 1.58, whereas that of fragile sites was 3.30 ± 1.24. The mean level of DNA damage (% head DNA) was 96.52 ± 6.59. The most damage to genetic material was observed in the Berrichon du Cher sheep, and the least in the Polish Heath sheep. The tests used are reliable biomarkers of genome stability in animal breeds, as well as in individuals within breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Wójcik
- Institute of Bioengineering and Animal Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Prusa 14 St, Siedlce 08-110, Poland
- Institute of Bioengineering and Animal Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Prusa 14 St, Siedlce 08-110, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Szostek
- Institute of Bioengineering and Animal Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Prusa 14 St, Siedlce 08-110, Poland
- Institute of Bioengineering and Animal Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Prusa 14 St, Siedlce 08-110, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Horoszewicz
- Institute of Bioengineering and Animal Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Prusa 14 St, Siedlce 08-110, Poland
- Institute of Bioengineering and Animal Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Prusa 14 St, Siedlce 08-110, Poland
| | - Emilia Kot
- Institute of Bioengineering and Animal Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Prusa 14 St, Siedlce 08-110, Poland
- Institute of Bioengineering and Animal Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Prusa 14 St, Siedlce 08-110, Poland
| | - Sałuch Sebastian
- Institute of Bioengineering and Animal Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Prusa 14 St, Siedlce 08-110, Poland
- Institute of Bioengineering and Animal Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Prusa 14 St, Siedlce 08-110, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Smalec
- Institute of Bioengineering and Animal Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Prusa 14 St, Siedlce 08-110, Poland
- Institute of Bioengineering and Animal Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Prusa 14 St, Siedlce 08-110, Poland
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Tomazella IM, Abril VV, Duarte JMB. Identifying Mazama gouazoubira (Artiodactyla; Cervidae) chromosomes involved in rearrangements induced by doxorubicin. Genet Mol Biol 2017; 40:460-467. [PMID: 28590504 PMCID: PMC5488465 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2016-0275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of karyotype evolution in Cervidae from a common ancestor (2n = 70, FN = 70) has been marked by complex chromosomal rearrangements. This ancestral karyotype has been retained by the current species Mazama gouazoubira (Fischer 1814), for which a chromosomal polymorphism (Robertsonian translocations and the presence of B chromosomes) has been described, presumably caused by a chromosome fragility. Thus, this study has identified doxorubicin-induced chromosome aberrations and mapped the regions involved in breaks, which may be related to the chromosome evolution process. G-banding pattern showed that 21 pairs of chromosomes presented chromosomal aberrations, 60% of the total chromosome number of the species M. gouazoubira. Among chromosomes that carry aberrations, the region where they were most frequently concentrated was distal relative to the centromere. These data suggest that certain chromosomal regions may be more susceptible to chromosome fragility and consequently could be involved in karyotype differentiation in species of the family Cervidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iara Maluf Tomazella
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências
Agrárias e Veterinárias, Câmpus Jaboticabal, Departamento de Zootecnia, Núcleo de
Pesquisa e Conservação de Cervídeos (NUPECCE), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Veltrini Abril
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Campus Universitário do
Araguaia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (ICBS), Pontal do Araguaia, MT,
Brazil
| | - José Maurício Barbanti Duarte
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências
Agrárias e Veterinárias, Câmpus Jaboticabal, Departamento de Zootecnia, Núcleo de
Pesquisa e Conservação de Cervídeos (NUPECCE), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
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Wójcik E, Andraszek K, Smalec E, Knaga S, Witkowski A. Identification of chromosome instability in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). Br Poult Sci 2014; 55:435-41. [PMID: 24898539 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2014.929637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
1. A study of the incidence of chromosome instability in the Japanese quail as assessed by sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and fragile site identification in chromosomes was conducted in two parent breeds and their F1 and F2 generations. 2. The mean incidence of SCEs was 6.02 ± 0.45 and the frequency of fragile sites was 1.17 ± 0.79. 3. There were moderately negative correlations of 0.51-0.64 between chromosome instability and fertility in the F1 and 0.10-0.23 in the F2. The hatch of fertilised eggs was negatively correlated with the number of SCE in male (0.31) and female (0.33) F1 and was lower in P (0.18 and 0.19, respectively), whereas the correlations were similar for the number of fragile sites in both generations (0.51-0.62).
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Affiliation(s)
- E Wójcik
- a Department of Animal Genetics and Horse Breeding , Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities , Siedlce , Poland
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Pauciullo A, Fleck K, Lühken G, Di Berardino D, Erhardt G. Dual-Color High-Resolution Fiber-FISH Analysis on Lethal White Syndrome Carriers in Sheep. Cytogenet Genome Res 2013; 140:46-54. [DOI: 10.1159/000350786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Lühken G, Fleck K, Pauciullo A, Huisinga M, Erhardt G. Familiar hypopigmentation syndrome in sheep associated with homozygous deletion of the entire endothelin type-B receptor gene. PLoS One 2012; 7:e53020. [PMID: 23300849 PMCID: PMC3534075 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, rodents and horses, pigmentary anomalies in combination with other disorders, notably intestinal aganglionosis, are associated with variants of the endothelin type-B receptor gene (EDNRB). In an inbred Cameroon sheep flock, five white lambs with light blue eyes were sired from the same ram and died within a few hours up to a few days after birth, some of them with signs of intestinal obstruction. The aim of this study was to investigate if the observed hypopigmentation and a possible lethal condition were associated with a molecular change at the ovine EDNRB locus, and to check if such a genetic alteration also occurs in other Cameroon sheep flocks. Sequence analysis revealed a deletion of about 110 kb on sheep chromosome 10, comprising the entire EDNRB gene, on both chromosomes in the two available hypopigmented lambs and on a single chromosome in the two dams and three other unaffected relatives. This micro-chromosomal deletion was also confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR and by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Genotyping of a total of 127 Cameroon sheep in 7 other flocks by duplex PCR did not identify additional carriers of the deletion. Although both hypopigmented lambs available for post-mortem examination had a considerably dilated cecum and remaining meconium, histopathological examination of intestinal samples showed morphologically normal ganglion cells in appropriate number and distribution. This is to our knowledge the first description of an ENDRB gene deletion and associated clinical signs in a mammalian species different from humans and rodents. In humans and rats it is postulated that the variable presence and severity of intestinal aganglionosis and other features in individuals with EDNRB deletion is due to a variable genetic background and multiple gene interactions. Therefore the here analyzed sheep are a valuable animal model to test these hypotheses in another species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gesine Lühken
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus-Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
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Wójcik E, Smalec E. Assessment of chromosome instability in geese (Anser anser). CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2012. [DOI: 10.4141/cjas2011-112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Wójcik, E. and Smalec, E. 2012. Assessment of chromosome instability in geese ( Anser anser ). Can. J. Anim. Sci. 92: 49–57. The basic test applied in the research of chromosome instability is the test of sister chromatid exchange (SCE). It makes it possible to identify single-and double-strand DNA damage caused by genotoxic factors and those that disrupt DNA damage repair mechanisms. Fragile sites in chromosomes can be found in all organisms. They are chromosome sites showing susceptibility to breakages and discontinuities in specific conditions of cell culture and also following induction with chemical substances. Chromosome instability of Anser anser geese was assessed in the research, focussing on sister chromatid exchange and the identification of fragile sites. The mean SCE/cell was 4.75±1.00. Most SCEs were identified in the proximal part of the chromosomes. Fragile sites were also identified in the chromosomes during the research. Altogether, 138 breakages were observed in the chromosomes. Apart from identifying chromosome damage, the particular instances of damage were located in the chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Wójcik
- Department of Animal Genetics and Horse Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Prusa 14 St, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Smalec
- Department of Animal Genetics and Horse Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Prusa 14 St, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
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