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Kasturi M, Mathur V, Gadre M, Srinivasan V, Vasanthan KS. Three Dimensional Bioprinting for Hepatic Tissue Engineering: From In Vitro Models to Clinical Applications. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2024; 21:21-52. [PMID: 37882981 PMCID: PMC10764711 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00576-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fabrication of functional organs is the holy grail of tissue engineering and the possibilities of repairing a partial or complete liver to treat chronic liver disorders are discussed in this review. Liver is the largest gland in the human body and plays a responsible role in majority of metabolic function and processes. Chronic liver disease is one of the leading causes of death globally and the current treatment strategy of organ transplantation holds its own demerits. Hence there is a need to develop an in vitro liver model that mimics the native microenvironment. The developed model should be a reliable to understand the pathogenesis, screen drugs and assist to repair and replace the damaged liver. The three-dimensional bioprinting is a promising technology that recreates in vivo alike in vitro model for transplantation, which is the goal of tissue engineers. The technology has great potential due to its precise control and its ability to homogeneously distribute cells on all layers in a complex structure. This review gives an overview of liver tissue engineering with a special focus on 3D bioprinting and bioinks for liver disease modelling and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghana Kasturi
- Manipal Centre for Biotherapeutics Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Vidhi Mathur
- Manipal Centre for Biotherapeutics Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Mrunmayi Gadre
- Manipal Centre for Biotherapeutics Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Varadharajan Srinivasan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Kirthanashri S Vasanthan
- Manipal Centre for Biotherapeutics Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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Nair DG, Weiskirchen R. Recent Advances in Liver Tissue Engineering as an Alternative and Complementary Approach for Liver Transplantation. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 46:262-278. [PMID: 38248320 PMCID: PMC10814863 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute and chronic liver diseases cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, affecting millions of people. Liver transplantation is the primary intervention method, replacing a non-functional liver with a functional one. However, the field of liver transplantation faces challenges such as donor shortage, postoperative complications, immune rejection, and ethical problems. Consequently, there is an urgent need for alternative therapies that can complement traditional transplantation or serve as an alternative method. In this review, we explore the potential of liver tissue engineering as a supplementary approach to liver transplantation, offering benefits to patients with severe liver dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dileep G. Nair
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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3
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Le Guilcher C, Merlen G, Dellaquila A, Labour MN, Aid R, Tordjmann T, Letourneur D, Simon-Yarza T. Engineered human liver based on pullulan-dextran hydrogel promotes mice survival after liver failure. Mater Today Bio 2023; 19:100554. [PMID: 36756209 PMCID: PMC9900439 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver tissue engineering approaches aim to support drug testing, assistance devices, or transplantation. However, their suitability for clinical application remains unsatisfactory. Herein, we demonstrate the beneficial and biocompatible use of porous pullulan-dextran hydrogel for the self-assembly of hepatocytes and biliary-like cells into functional 3D microtissues. Using HepaRG cells, we obtained 21 days maintenance of engineered liver polarity, functional detoxification and excretion systems, as well as glycogen storage in hydrogel. Implantation on two liver lobes in mice of hydrogels containing 3800 HepaRG 3D structures of 100 μm in diameter, indicated successful engraftment and no signs of liver toxicity after one month. Finally, after acetaminophen-induced liver failure, when mice were transplanted with engineered livers on left lobe and peritoneal cavity, the survival rate at 7 days significantly increased by 31.8% compared with mice without cell therapy. These findings support the clinical potential of pullulan-dextran hydrogel for liver failure management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Le Guilcher
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, LVTS, U1148, F-75018 Paris, France,Corresponding author.
| | - Grégory Merlen
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM U1193, F- 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Alessandra Dellaquila
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, LVTS, U1148, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Marie-Noëlle Labour
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, LVTS, U1148, F-75018 Paris, France,ICGM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, F- 34293 Montpellier, France,École Pratique des Hautes Études, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Rachida Aid
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, LVTS, U1148, F-75018 Paris, France
| | | | - Didier Letourneur
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, LVTS, U1148, F-75018 Paris, France,Corresponding author.
| | - Teresa Simon-Yarza
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, LVTS, U1148, F-75018 Paris, France,Corresponding author.
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Lv W, Zhou H, Aazmi A, Yu M, Xu X, Yang H, Huang YYS, Ma L. Constructing biomimetic liver models through biomaterials and vasculature engineering. Regen Biomater 2022; 9:rbac079. [PMID: 36338176 PMCID: PMC9629974 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbac079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of various liver diseases can lead to organ failure of the liver, which is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Liver tissue engineering see the potential for replacing liver transplantation and drug toxicity studies facing donor shortages. The basic elements in liver tissue engineering are cells and biomaterials. Both mature hepatocytes and differentiated stem cells can be used as the main source of cells to construct spheroids and organoids, achieving improved cell function. To mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) environment, biomaterials need to be biocompatible and bioactive, which also help support cell proliferation and differentiation and allow ECM deposition and vascularized structures formation. In addition, advanced manufacturing approaches are required to construct the extracellular microenvironment, and it has been proved that the structured three-dimensional culture system can help to improve the activity of hepatocytes and the characterization of specific proteins. In summary, we review biomaterials for liver tissue engineering, including natural hydrogels and synthetic polymers, and advanced processing techniques for building vascularized microenvironments, including bioassembly, bioprinting and microfluidic methods. We then summarize the application fields including transplant and regeneration, disease models and drug cytotoxicity analysis. In the end, we put the challenges and prospects of vascularized liver tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weikang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hongzhao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Abdellah Aazmi
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mengfei Yu
- The Affiliated Stomatologic Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xiaobin Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Huayong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | | | - Liang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Zhou J, Wu X, Zhao C. Optimization of decellularized liver matrix-modified chitosan fibrous scaffold for C3A hepatocyte culture. J Biomater Appl 2022; 37:903-917. [PMID: 35834434 DOI: 10.1177/08853282221115367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocyte scaffold is an essential part in bioartificial liver device. We have designed a novel hepatocyte scaffold based on porcine liver extracellular matrix (ECM) and chitosan (CTS) fabrics. This CTS-ECM scaffold can improve cell adhesion and proliferation. In the present study, an orthogonal test was designed to optimize the CTS/ECM composite scaffold, in which ECM concentration, EDC concentration and EDC to NHS ratio were taken as factors, proportion of nitrogen element and hydroxyproline content as indicators. The cytocompatibility of the novel scaffold for C3A hepatocytes was analyzed in vitro. The orthogonal test demonstrated that the optimal scaffold should be based on ECM concentration of 5 mg/mL, EDC concentration of 5 mg/mL, and EDC to NHS ratio 1:1. C3A hepatocytes cultured on the optimized CTS-ECM scaffolds showed stronger proliferation and functionality than those on Cytodex3 microcarriers (p < 0.05). The CTS/ECM composite scaffold may be widely used as a promising hepatocyte culture carrier, especially in bioartificial liver support systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjing Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 199193Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xinglian Wu
- Department of pharmacy, 117969The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaochen Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 117969The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Sodium Butyrate Induces Hepatic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in 3D Collagen Scaffolds. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:3721-3732. [PMID: 35499693 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03941-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapy is considered an attractive tool to overcome the burden of liver diseases. However, efficient hepatic differentiation is still a big challenge for the research community. In this study, we explored a novel method for differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into hepatic-like cells using 3D culture conditions and histone deacetylase inhibitor, sodium butyrate (NaBu). MSCs were characterized by the presence of cell surface markers via immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry, and by their potential for osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation. MSCs were treated with 1mM NaBu in 2D and 3D environments for 21 days. The hepatic differentiation was confirmed by qPCR and immunostaining. According to qPCR data, the 3D culture of NaBu-treated MSCs has shown significant upregulation of hepatic gene, CK-18 (P < 0.01), and hepatic proteins, AFP (P < 0.01) and ALB (P < 0.01). In addition, immunocytochemistry analysis showed significant increase (P < 0.05) in the acetylation of histones (H3 and H4) in NaBu-pretreated cells. It can be concluded from the study that NaBu-treated MSCs in 3D culture conditions can induce hepatic differentiation without the use of additional cytokines and growth factors. The method shown in this study represents an improved protocol for hepatic differentiation and could contribute to improvement in future cell-based therapeutics.
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Design by Nature: Emerging Applications of Native Liver Extracellular Matrix for Cholangiocyte Organoid-Based Regenerative Medicine. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9030110. [PMID: 35324799 PMCID: PMC8945468 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9030110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Organoid technology holds great promise for regenerative medicine. Recent studies show feasibility for bile duct tissue repair in humans by successfully transplanting cholangiocyte organoids in liver grafts during perfusion. Large-scale expansion of cholangiocytes is essential for extending these regenerative medicine applications. Human cholangiocyte organoids have a high and stable proliferation capacity, making them an attractive source of cholangiocytes. Commercially available basement membrane extract (BME) is used to expand the organoids. BME allows the cells to self-organize into 3D structures and stimulates cell proliferation. However, the use of BME is limiting the clinical applications of the organoids. There is a need for alternative tissue-specific and clinically relevant culture substrates capable of supporting organoid proliferation. Hydrogels prepared from decellularized and solubilized native livers are an attractive alternative for BME. These hydrogels can be used for the culture and expansion of cholangiocyte organoids in a clinically relevant manner. Moreover, the liver-derived hydrogels retain tissue-specific aspects of the extracellular microenvironment. They are composed of a complex mixture of bioactive and biodegradable extracellular matrix (ECM) components and can support the growth of various hepatobiliary cells. In this review, we provide an overview of the clinical potential of native liver ECM-based hydrogels for applications with human cholangiocyte organoids. We discuss the current limitations of BME for the clinical applications of organoids and how native ECM hydrogels can potentially overcome these problems in an effort to unlock the full regenerative clinical potential of the organoids.
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Ergun C, Parmaksiz M, Vurat MT, Elçin AE, Elçin YM. Decellularized liver ECM-based 3D scaffolds: Compositional, physical, chemical, rheological, thermal, mechanical, and in vitro biological evaluations. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 200:110-123. [PMID: 34971643 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is involved in many critical cellular interactions through its biological macromolecules. In this study, a macroporous 3D scaffold originating from decellularized bovine liver ECM (dL-ECM), with defined compositional, physical, chemical, rheological, thermal, mechanical, and in vitro biological properties was developed. First, protocols were determined that effectively remove cells and DNA while ECM retains biological macromolecules collagen, elastin, sGAGs in tissue. Rheological analysis revealed the elastic properties of pepsin-digested dL-ECM. Then, dL-ECM hydrogel was neutralized, molded, formed into macroporous (~100-200 μm) scaffolds in aqueous medium at 37 °C, and lyophilized. The scaffolds had water retention ability, and were mechanically stable for at least 14 days in the culture medium. The findings also showed that increasing the dL-ECM concentration from 10 mg/mL to 20 mg/mL resulted in a significant increase in the mechanical strength of the scaffolds. The hemolysis test revealed high in vitro hemocompatibility of the dL-ECM scaffolds. Studies investigating the viability and proliferation status of human adipose stem cells seeded over a 2-week culture period have demonstrated the suitability of dL-ECM scaffolds as a cell substrate. Prospective studies may reveal the extent to which 3D dL-ECM sponges have the potential to create a biomimetic environment for cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Ergun
- Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Ankara University Faculty of Science, and Stem Cell Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Parmaksiz
- Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Ankara University Faculty of Science, and Stem Cell Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat Taner Vurat
- Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Ankara University Faculty of Science, and Stem Cell Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Eser Elçin
- Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Ankara University Faculty of Science, and Stem Cell Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yaşar Murat Elçin
- Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Ankara University Faculty of Science, and Stem Cell Institute, Ankara, Turkey; Biovalda Health Technologies, Inc., Ankara, Turkey.
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9
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Ali S, Haque N, Azhar Z, Saeinasab M, Sefat F. Regenerative Medicine of Liver: Promises, Advances and Challenges. Biomimetics (Basel) 2021; 6:biomimetics6040062. [PMID: 34698078 PMCID: PMC8544204 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics6040062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver tissue engineering is a rapidly developing field which combines the novel use of liver cells, appropriate biochemical factors, and engineering principles, in order to replace or regenerate damaged liver tissue or the organ. The aim of this review paper is to critically investigate different possible methods to tackle issues related with liver diseases/disorders mainly using regenerative medicine. In this work the various regenerative treatment options are discussed, for improving the prognosis of chronic liver disorders. By reviewing existing literature, it is apparent that the current popular treatment option is liver transplantation, although the breakthroughs of stem cell-based therapy and bioartificial liver technology make them a promising alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiful Ali
- Department of Biomedical and Electronics Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK; (S.A.); (N.H.); (Z.A.)
| | - Nasira Haque
- Department of Biomedical and Electronics Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK; (S.A.); (N.H.); (Z.A.)
| | - Zohya Azhar
- Department of Biomedical and Electronics Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK; (S.A.); (N.H.); (Z.A.)
| | - Morvarid Saeinasab
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran;
| | - Farshid Sefat
- Department of Biomedical and Electronics Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK; (S.A.); (N.H.); (Z.A.)
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Polymer Science & Technology (Polymer IRC), University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)-1274-233679 or +44-(0)-781-381-7460
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Sosnowska M, Kutwin M, Strojny B, Wierzbicki M, Cysewski D, Szczepaniak J, Ficek M, Koczoń P, Jaworski S, Chwalibog A, Sawosz E. Diamond Nanofilm Normalizes Proliferation and Metabolism in Liver Cancer Cells. Nanotechnol Sci Appl 2021; 14:115-137. [PMID: 34511890 PMCID: PMC8420805 DOI: 10.2147/nsa.s322766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Surgical resection of hepatocellular carcinoma can be associated with recurrence resulting from the degeneration of residual volume of the liver. The objective was to assess the possibility of using a biocompatible nanofilm, made of a colloid of diamond nanoparticles (nfND), to fill the side after tumour resection and optimize its contact with proliferating liver cells, minimizing their cancerous transformation. Methods HepG2 and C3A liver cancer cells and HS-5 non-cancer cells were used. An aqueous colloid of diamond nanoparticles, which covered the cell culture plate, was used to create the nanofilm. The roughness of the resulting nanofilm was measured by atomic force microscopy. Mitochondrial activity and cell proliferation were measured by XTT and BrdU assays. Cell morphology and a scratch test were used to evaluate the invasiveness of cells. Flow cytometry determined the number of cells within the cell cycle. Protein expression in was measured by mass spectrometry. Results The nfND created a surface with increased roughness and exposed oxygen groups compared with a standard plate. All cell lines were prone to settling on the nanofilm, but cancer cells formed more relaxed clusters. The surface compatibility was dependent on the cell type and decreased in the order C3A >HepG2 >HS-5. The invasion was reduced in cancer lines with the greatest effect on the C3A line, reducing proliferation and increasing the G2/M cell population. Among the proteins with altered expression, membrane and nuclear proteins dominated. Conclusion In vitro studies demonstrated the antiproliferative properties of nfND against C3A liver cancer cells. At the same time, the need to personalize potential therapy was indicated due to the differential protein synthetic responses in C3A vs HepG2 cells. We documented that nfND is a source of signals capable of normalizing the expression of many intracellular proteins involved in the transformation to non-cancerous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malwina Sosnowska
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Kutwin
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Strojny
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Wierzbicki
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominik Cysewski
- Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jarosław Szczepaniak
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Ficek
- Department of Metrology and Optoelectronics, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Piotr Koczoń
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sławomir Jaworski
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - André Chwalibog
- Department of Veterinary and Animal, Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Ewa Sawosz
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Bhat S, Uthappa UT, Altalhi T, Jung HY, Kurkuri MD. Functionalized Porous Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications: A Focused Review. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 8:4039-4076. [PMID: 34499471 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterials have been widely used in tissue engineering applications at an increasing rate in recent years. The increased clinical demand for safe scaffolds, as well as the diversity and availability of biomaterials, has sparked rapid interest in fabricating diverse scaffolds to make significant progress in tissue engineering. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) has drawn substantial attention in recent years owing to its excellent physical, chemical, and biological properties and facile adaptable surface functionalization with other innumerable essential materials. This focused review spotlights a brief introduction on HAP, scope, a historical outline, basic structural features/properties, various synthetic strategies, and their scientific applications concentrating on functionalized HAP in the diverse area of tissue engineering fields such as bone, skin, periodontal, bone tissue fixation, cartilage, blood vessel, liver, tendon/ligament, and corneal are emphasized. Besides clinical translation aspects, the future challenges and prospects of HAP based biomaterials involved in tissue engineering are also discussed. Furthermore, it is expected that researchers may find this review expedient in gaining an overall understanding of the latest advancement of HAP based biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrinath Bhat
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bengaluru 562112, Karnataka, India
| | - U T Uthappa
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bengaluru 562112, Karnataka, India.,Department of Environment and Energy Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Tariq Altalhi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P. O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ho-Young Jung
- Department of Environment and Energy Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Mahaveer D Kurkuri
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bengaluru 562112, Karnataka, India
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12
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Zahmatkesh E, Ghanian MH, Zarkesh I, Farzaneh Z, Halvaei M, Heydari Z, Moeinvaziri F, Othman A, Ruoß M, Piryaei A, Gramignoli R, Yakhkeshi S, Nüssler A, Najimi M, Baharvand H, Vosough M. Tissue-Specific Microparticles Improve Organoid Microenvironment for Efficient Maturation of Pluripotent Stem-Cell-Derived Hepatocytes. Cells 2021; 10:1274. [PMID: 34063948 PMCID: PMC8224093 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver organoids (LOs) are receiving considerable attention for their potential use in drug screening, disease modeling, and transplantable constructs. Hepatocytes, as the key component of LOs, are isolated from the liver or differentiated from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). PSC-derived hepatocytes are preferable because of their availability and scalability. However, efficient maturation of the PSC-derived hepatocytes towards functional units in LOs remains a challenging subject. The incorporation of cell-sized microparticles (MPs) derived from liver extracellular matrix (ECM), could provide an enriched tissue-specific microenvironment for further maturation of hepatocytes inside the LOs. In the present study, the MPs were fabricated by chemical cross-linking of a water-in-oil dispersion of digested decellularized sheep liver. These MPs were mixed with human PSC-derived hepatic endoderm, human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and mesenchymal stromal cells to produce homogenous bioengineered LOs (BLOs). This approach led to the improvement of hepatocyte-like cells in terms of gene expression and function, CYP activities, albumin secretion, and metabolism of xenobiotics. The intraperitoneal transplantation of BLOs in an acute liver injury mouse model led to an enhancement in survival rate. Furthermore, efficient hepatic maturation was demonstrated after ex ovo transplantation. In conclusion, the incorporation of cell-sized tissue-specific MPs in BLOs improved the maturation of human PSC-derived hepatocyte-like cells compared to LOs. This approach provides a versatile strategy to produce functional organoids from different tissues and offers a novel tool for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ensieh Zahmatkesh
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran; (E.Z.); (Z.F.); (Z.H.); (F.M.); (S.Y.)
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran 1665659911, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Ghanian
- Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran; (M.H.G.); (I.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Ibrahim Zarkesh
- Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran; (M.H.G.); (I.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Zahra Farzaneh
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran; (E.Z.); (Z.F.); (Z.H.); (F.M.); (S.Y.)
| | - Majid Halvaei
- Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran; (M.H.G.); (I.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Zahra Heydari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran; (E.Z.); (Z.F.); (Z.H.); (F.M.); (S.Y.)
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran 1665659911, Iran
| | - Farideh Moeinvaziri
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran; (E.Z.); (Z.F.); (Z.H.); (F.M.); (S.Y.)
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran 1665659911, Iran
| | - Amnah Othman
- Department of Traumatology, Siegfried Weller Institute, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.O.); (M.R.); (A.N.)
| | - Marc Ruoß
- Department of Traumatology, Siegfried Weller Institute, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.O.); (M.R.); (A.N.)
| | - Abbas Piryaei
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717443, Iran;
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717443, Iran
| | - Roberto Gramignoli
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Saeed Yakhkeshi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran; (E.Z.); (Z.F.); (Z.H.); (F.M.); (S.Y.)
| | - Andreas Nüssler
- Department of Traumatology, Siegfried Weller Institute, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.O.); (M.R.); (A.N.)
| | - Mustapha Najimi
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institute of Experimental & Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran; (E.Z.); (Z.F.); (Z.H.); (F.M.); (S.Y.)
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran 1665659911, Iran
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran; (E.Z.); (Z.F.); (Z.H.); (F.M.); (S.Y.)
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran
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13
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Luo C, Lü D, Zheng L, Zhang F, Zhang X, Lü S, Zhang C, Jia X, Shu X, Li P, Li Z, Long M. Hepatic differentiation of human embryonic stem cells by coupling substrate stiffness and microtopography. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:3776-3790. [PMID: 33876166 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00174d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical or physical cues are associated with the growth and differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). While the substrate stiffness or topography independently affects the differentiation of ESCs, their cooperative regulation on lineage-specific differentiation remains largely unknown. Here, four topographical configurations on stiff or soft polyacrylamide hydrogel were combined to direct hepatic differentiation of human H1 cells via a four-stage protocol, and the coupled impacts of stiffness and topography were quantified at distinct stages. Data indicated that the substrate stiffness is dominant in stemness maintenance on stiff gel and hepatic differentiation on soft gel while substrate topography assists the differentiation of hepatocyte-like cells in positive correlation with the circularity of H1 clones initially formed on the substrate. The differentiated cells exhibited liver-specific functions such as maintaining the capacities of CYP450 metabolism, glycogen synthesis, ICG engulfment, and repairing liver injury in CCl4-treated mice. These results implied that the coupling of substrate stiffness and topography, combined with the biochemical signals, is favorable to improve the efficiency and functionality of hepatic differentiation of human ESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Luo
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Dongyuan Lü
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lu Zheng
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shouqin Lü
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Xiaohua Jia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xinyu Shu
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peiwen Li
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Zhan Li
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Mian Long
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory) and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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14
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Roy HS, Singh R, Ghosh D. SARS-CoV-2 and tissue damage: current insights and biomaterial-based therapeutic strategies. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:2804-2824. [PMID: 33666206 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm02077j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on humanity has gained worldwide attention and importance due to the rapid transmission, lack of treatment options and high mortality rate of the virus. While scientists across the world are searching for vaccines/drugs that can control the spread of the virus and/or reduce the risks associated with infection, patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 have been reported to have tissue/organ damage. With most tissues/organs having limited regenerative potential, interventions that prevent further damage or facilitate healing would be helpful. In the past few decades, biomaterials have gained prominence in the field of tissue engineering, in view of their major role in the regenerative process. Here we describe the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on multiple tissues/organs, and provide evidence for the positive role of biomaterials in aiding tissue repair. These findings are further extrapolated to explore their prospects as a therapeutic platform to address the tissue/organ damage that is frequently observed during this viral outbreak. This study suggests that the biomaterial-based approach could be an effective strategy for regenerating tissues/organs damaged by SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himadri Shekhar Roy
- Department of Biological Science, Institute of Nanoscience and Technology (INST), Habitat Centre, Sector 64, Phase 10, Mohali-160062, Punjab, India.
| | - Rupali Singh
- Department of Biological Science, Institute of Nanoscience and Technology (INST), Habitat Centre, Sector 64, Phase 10, Mohali-160062, Punjab, India.
| | - Deepa Ghosh
- Department of Biological Science, Institute of Nanoscience and Technology (INST), Habitat Centre, Sector 64, Phase 10, Mohali-160062, Punjab, India.
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15
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Ali M, Payne SL. Biomaterial-based cell delivery strategies to promote liver regeneration. Biomater Res 2021; 25:5. [PMID: 33632335 PMCID: PMC7905561 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-021-00206-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis is a widespread and untreatable condition that leads to lifelong impairment and eventual death. The scarcity of liver transplantation options requires the development of new strategies to attenuate disease progression and reestablish liver function by promoting regeneration. Biomaterials are becoming an increasingly promising option to both culture and deliver cells to support in vivo viability and long-term function. There is a wide variety of both natural and synthetic biomaterials that are becoming established as delivery vehicles with their own unique advantages and disadvantages for liver regeneration. We review the latest developments in cell transplantation strategies to promote liver regeneration, with a focus on the use of both natural and synthetic biomaterials for cell culture and delivery. We conclude that future work will need to refine the use of these biomaterials and combine them with novel strategies that recapitulate liver organization and function in order to translate this strategy to clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maqsood Ali
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Samantha L Payne
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
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16
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Jin M, Yi X, Liao W, Chen Q, Yang W, Li Y, Li S, Gao Y, Peng Q, Zhou S. Advancements in stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cell models for hepatotoxicity testing. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:84. [PMID: 33494782 PMCID: PMC7836452 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02152-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is one of the leading causes of clinical trial failures and high drug attrition rates. Currently, the commonly used hepatocyte models include primary human hepatocytes (PHHs), animal models, and hepatic cell lines. However, these models have disadvantages that include species-specific differences or inconvenient cell extraction methods. Therefore, a novel, inexpensive, efficient, and accurate model that can be applied to drug screening is urgently needed. Owing to their self-renewable ability, source abundance, and multipotent competence, stem cells are stable sources of drug hepatotoxicity screening models. Because 3D culture can mimic the in vivo microenvironment more accurately than can 2D culture, the former is commonly used for hepatocyte culture and drug screening. In this review, we introduce the different sources of stem cells used to generate hepatocyte-like cells and the models for hepatotoxicity testing that use stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixian Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Xiao Yi
- Department of Gynecology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Liao
- General Surgery Center, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Wanren Yang
- General Surgery Center, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yang Li
- General Surgery Center, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shao Li
- General Surgery Center, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yi Gao
- General Surgery Center, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qing Peng
- General Surgery Center, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Shuqin Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
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17
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He J, Pang Y, Yang H, Montagne K, Shinohara M, Mao Y, Sun W, Sakai Y. Modular assembly-based approach of loosely packing co-cultured hepatic tissue elements with endothelialization for liver tissue engineering. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1400. [PMID: 33313145 PMCID: PMC7723527 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-1598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background In liver tissue engineering, co-culturing hepatocytes with typical non-parenchymal hepatic cells to form cell aggregates is available to mimic the in vivo microenvironment and promote cell biological functions. With a modular assembly approach, endothelialized hepatic cell aggregates can be packed for perfusion culture, which enables the construction of large-scale liver tissues. Since tightly packed aggregates tend to fuse with each other and block perfusion flows, a loosely packed mode was introduced in our study. Methods Using an oxygen-permeable polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based microwell device, highly dense endothelialized hepatic cell aggregates were generated as hepatic tissue elements by co-culturing hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells, Swiss 3T3 cells, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The co-cultured aggregates were then harvested and applied in a PDMS-fabricated bioreactor for 10 days of perfusion culture. To maintain appropriate interstitial spaces for stable perfusion, biodegradable poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) scaffold fibers were used and mixed with the aggregates, forming a loosely packed mode. Results In a microwell co-culture, Swiss 3T3 cells significantly contributed to the formation of hepatic cell aggregates. HUVECs developed a peripheral distribution in aggregates for endothelialization. In the perfusion culture, compared with pure HepG2 aggregates, HepG2/Swiss 3T3/HUVECs co-cultured aggregates exhibited a higher level of cell proliferation and liver-specific function expression (i.e., glucose consumption and albumin secretion). Under the loosely packed mode, co-cultured aggregates showed a characteristic histological morphology with cell migration and adhesion to fibers. The assembled hepatic tissue elements were obtained with 32% of in vivo cell density. Conclusions In a co-culture of HepG2, Swiss 3T3, and HUVECs, Swiss 3T3 cells were observed to be beneficial for the formation of endothelialized hepatic cell aggregates. Loosely packed aggregates enabled long-term perfusion culture with high viability and biological function. This study will guide us in constructing large-scale liver tissue models by way of aggregate-based modular assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu He
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Pang
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Huayu Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, China
| | - Kevin Montagne
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marie Shinohara
- Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yilei Mao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing, China.,Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, College of Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yasuyuki Sakai
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Huang D, Gibeley SB, Xu C, Xiao Y, Celik O, Ginsberg HN, Leong KW. Engineering liver microtissues for disease modeling and regenerative medicine. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020; 30:1909553. [PMID: 33390875 PMCID: PMC7774671 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201909553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The burden of liver diseases is increasing worldwide, accounting for two million deaths annually. In the past decade, tremendous progress has been made in the basic and translational research of liver tissue engineering. Liver microtissues are small, three-dimensional hepatocyte cultures that recapitulate liver physiology and have been used in biomedical research and regenerative medicine. This review summarizes recent advances, challenges, and future directions in liver microtissue research. Cellular engineering approaches are used to sustain primary hepatocytes or produce hepatocytes derived from pluripotent stem cells and other adult tissues. Three-dimensional microtissues are generated by scaffold-free assembly or scaffold-assisted methods such as macroencapsulation, droplet microfluidics, and bioprinting. Optimization of the hepatic microenvironment entails incorporating the appropriate cell composition for enhanced cell-cell interactions and niche-specific signals, and creating scaffolds with desired chemical, mechanical and physical properties. Perfusion-based culture systems such as bioreactors and microfluidic systems are used to achieve efficient exchange of nutrients and soluble factors. Taken together, systematic optimization of liver microtissues is a multidisciplinary effort focused on creating liver cultures and on-chip models with greater structural complexity and physiological relevance for use in liver disease research, therapeutic development, and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dantong Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Sarah B. Gibeley
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Cong Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Yang Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Ozgenur Celik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Henry N. Ginsberg
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Kam W. Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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19
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Ruoß M, Rebholz S, Weimer M, Grom-Baumgarten C, Athanasopulu K, Kemkemer R, Käß H, Ehnert S, Nussler AK. Development of Scaffolds with Adjusted Stiffness for Mimicking Disease-Related Alterations of Liver Rigidity. J Funct Biomater 2020; 11:E17. [PMID: 32183326 PMCID: PMC7151584 DOI: 10.3390/jfb11010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced liver toxicity is one of the most common reasons for the failure of drugs in clinical trials and frequent withdrawal from the market. Reasons for such failures include the low predictive power of in vivo studies, that is mainly caused by metabolic differences between humans and animals, and intraspecific variances. In addition to factors such as age and genetic background, changes in drug metabolism can also be caused by disease-related changes in the liver. Such metabolic changes have also been observed in clinical settings, for example, in association with a change in liver stiffness, a major characteristic of an altered fibrotic liver. For mimicking these changes in an in vitro model, this study aimed to develop scaffolds that represent the rigidity of healthy and fibrotic liver tissue. We observed that liver cells plated on scaffolds representing the stiffness of healthy livers showed a higher metabolic activity compared to cells plated on stiffer scaffolds. Additionally, we detected a positive effect of a scaffold pre-coated with fetal calf serum (FCS)-containing media. This pre-incubation resulted in increased cell adherence during cell seeding onto the scaffolds. In summary, we developed a scaffold-based 3D model that mimics liver stiffness-dependent changes in drug metabolism that may more easily predict drug interaction in diseased livers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Ruoß
- Department of Traumatology, Siegfried Weller Institute, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (S.R.); (M.W.); (C.G.-B.); (S.E.); (A.K.N.)
| | - Silas Rebholz
- Department of Traumatology, Siegfried Weller Institute, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (S.R.); (M.W.); (C.G.-B.); (S.E.); (A.K.N.)
| | - Marina Weimer
- Department of Traumatology, Siegfried Weller Institute, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (S.R.); (M.W.); (C.G.-B.); (S.E.); (A.K.N.)
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry, Reutlingen University, 72762 Reutlingen, Germany; (K.A.); (R.K.)
| | - Carl Grom-Baumgarten
- Department of Traumatology, Siegfried Weller Institute, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (S.R.); (M.W.); (C.G.-B.); (S.E.); (A.K.N.)
| | - Kiriaki Athanasopulu
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry, Reutlingen University, 72762 Reutlingen, Germany; (K.A.); (R.K.)
| | - Ralf Kemkemer
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry, Reutlingen University, 72762 Reutlingen, Germany; (K.A.); (R.K.)
| | - Hanno Käß
- Faculty of Basic Science, University of Applied Sciences Esslingen, 73728 Esslingen am Neckar, Germany;
| | - Sabrina Ehnert
- Department of Traumatology, Siegfried Weller Institute, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (S.R.); (M.W.); (C.G.-B.); (S.E.); (A.K.N.)
| | - Andreas K. Nussler
- Department of Traumatology, Siegfried Weller Institute, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (S.R.); (M.W.); (C.G.-B.); (S.E.); (A.K.N.)
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20
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Abalymov A, Parakhonskiy B, Skirtach AG. Polymer- and Hybrid-Based Biomaterials for Interstitial, Connective, Vascular, Nerve, Visceral and Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E620. [PMID: 32182751 PMCID: PMC7182904 DOI: 10.3390/polym12030620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, materials based on polymers and hybrids possessing both organic and inorganic contents for repairing or facilitating cell growth in tissue engineering are discussed. Pure polymer based biomaterials are predominantly used to target soft tissues. Stipulated by possibilities of tuning the composition and concentration of their inorganic content, hybrid materials allow to mimic properties of various types of harder tissues. That leads to the concept of "one-matches-all" referring to materials possessing the same polymeric base, but different inorganic content to enable tissue growth and repair, proliferation of cells, and the formation of the ECM (extra cellular matrix). Furthermore, adding drug delivery carriers to coatings and scaffolds designed with such materials brings additional functionality by encapsulating active molecules, antibacterial agents, and growth factors. We discuss here materials and methods of their assembly from a general perspective together with their applications in various tissue engineering sub-areas: interstitial, connective, vascular, nervous, visceral and musculoskeletal tissues. The overall aims of this review are two-fold: (a) to describe the needs and opportunities in the field of bio-medicine, which should be useful for material scientists, and (b) to present capabilities and resources available in the area of materials, which should be of interest for biologists and medical doctors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatolii Abalymov
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Andre G. Skirtach
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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21
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Krüger M, Oosterhoff LA, van Wolferen ME, Schiele SA, Walther A, Geijsen N, De Laporte L, van der Laan LJW, Kock LM, Spee B. Cellulose Nanofibril Hydrogel Promotes Hepatic Differentiation of Human Liver Organoids. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901658. [PMID: 32090504 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
To replicate functional liver tissue in vitro for drug testing or transplantation, 3D tissue engineering requires representative cell models as well as scaffolds that not only promote tissue production but also are applicable in a clinical setting. Recently, adult liver-derived liver organoids are found to be of much interest due to their genetic stability, expansion potential, and ability to differentiate toward a hepatocyte-like fate. The current standard for culturing these organoids is a basement membrane hydrogel like Matrigel (MG), which is derived from murine tumor material and apart from its variability and high costs, possesses an undefined composition and is therefore not clinically applicable. Here, a cellulose nanofibril (CNF) hydrogel is investigated with regard to its potential to serve as an alternative clinical grade scaffold to differentiate liver organoids. The results show that its mechanical properties are suitable for differentiation with overall, either equal or improved, functionality of the hepatocyte-like cells compared to MG. Therefore, and because of its defined and tunable chemical definition, the CNF hydrogel presents a viable alternative to MG for liver tissue engineering with the option for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Krüger
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion AnimalsFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht University Uppsalalaan 8 3584 CT Utrecht The Netherlands
- LifeTec Group BV Kennedyplein 10‐11 5611 ZS Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Loes A. Oosterhoff
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion AnimalsFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht University Uppsalalaan 8 3584 CT Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Monique E. van Wolferen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion AnimalsFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht University Uppsalalaan 8 3584 CT Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Simon A. Schiele
- DWI – Leibniz‐Institut für Interaktive Materialien e.V.Advanced Materials for BiomedicineITMC – Institute of Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryRWTH University Aachen Forckenbeckstr. 50 52056 Aachen Germany
| | - Andreas Walther
- Albert‐Ludwigs‐Universität FreiburgInstitute for Macromolecular Chemistry Stefan‐Meier‐Strasse 3, Hermann Staudinger Building 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Niels Geijsen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion AnimalsFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht University Uppsalalaan 8 3584 CT Utrecht The Netherlands
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell ResearchUniversity Medical Center Utrecht Uppsalalaan 8 3584 CT Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Laura De Laporte
- DWI – Leibniz‐Institut für Interaktive Materialien e.V.Advanced Materials for BiomedicineITMC – Institute of Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryRWTH University Aachen Forckenbeckstr. 50 52056 Aachen Germany
| | | | - Linda M. Kock
- LifeTec Group BV Kennedyplein 10‐11 5611 ZS Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Bart Spee
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion AnimalsFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht University Uppsalalaan 8 3584 CT Utrecht The Netherlands
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22
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Kaur S, Tripathi DM, Venugopal JR, Ramakrishna S. Advances in biomaterials for hepatic tissue engineering. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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23
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da Silva Morais A, Vieira S, Zhao X, Mao Z, Gao C, Oliveira JM, Reis RL. Advanced Biomaterials and Processing Methods for Liver Regeneration: State-of-the-Art and Future Trends. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901435. [PMID: 31977159 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Liver diseases contribute markedly to the global burden of mortality and disease. The limited organ disposal for orthotopic liver transplantation results in a continuing need for alternative strategies. Over the past years, important progress has been made in the field of tissue engineering (TE). Many of the early trials to improve the development of an engineered tissue construct are based on seeding cells onto biomaterial scaffolds. Nowadays, several TE approaches have been developed and are applied to one vital organ: the liver. Essential elements must be considered in liver TE-cells and culturing systems, bioactive agents or growth factors (GF), and biomaterials and processing methods. The potential of hepatocytes, mesenchymal stem cells, and others as cell sources is demonstrated. They need engineered biomaterial-based scaffolds with perfect biocompatibility and bioactivity to support cell proliferation and hepatic differentiation as well as allowing extracellular matrix deposition and vascularization. Moreover, they require a microenvironment provided using conventional or advanced processing technologies in order to supply oxygen, nutrients, and GF. Herein the biomaterials and the conventional and advanced processing technologies, including cell-sheets process, 3D bioprinting, and microfluidic systems, as well as the future trends in these major fields are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain da Silva Morais
- 3B's Research GroupI3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and BiomimeticsUniversity of MinhoHeadquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine 4805‐017 Barco Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's–PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/ Guimarães Portugal
| | - Sílvia Vieira
- 3B's Research GroupI3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and BiomimeticsUniversity of MinhoHeadquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine 4805‐017 Barco Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's–PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/ Guimarães Portugal
| | - Xinlian Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and FunctionalizationDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Zhengwei Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and FunctionalizationDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Changyou Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and FunctionalizationDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Joaquim M. Oliveira
- 3B's Research GroupI3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and BiomimeticsUniversity of MinhoHeadquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine 4805‐017 Barco Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's–PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/ Guimarães Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision MedicineUniversity of Minho 4805‐017 Barco Guimarães Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B's Research GroupI3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and BiomimeticsUniversity of MinhoHeadquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine 4805‐017 Barco Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's–PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/ Guimarães Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision MedicineUniversity of Minho 4805‐017 Barco Guimarães Portugal
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24
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Liver Bioreactor Design Issues of Fluid Flow and Zonation, Fibrosis, and Mechanics: A Computational Perspective. J Funct Biomater 2020; 11:jfb11010013. [PMID: 32121053 PMCID: PMC7151609 DOI: 10.3390/jfb11010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering, with the goal of repairing or replacing damaged tissue and organs, has continued to make dramatic science-based advances since its origins in the late 1980’s and early 1990’s. Such advances are always multi-disciplinary in nature, from basic biology and chemistry through physics and mathematics to various engineering and computer fields. This review will focus its attention on two topics critical for tissue engineering liver development: (a) fluid flow, zonation, and drug screening, and (b) biomechanics, tissue stiffness, and fibrosis, all within the context of 3D structures. First, a general overview of various bioreactor designs developed to investigate fluid transport and tissue biomechanics is given. This includes a mention of computational fluid dynamic methods used to optimize and validate these designs. Thereafter, the perspective provided by computer simulations of flow, reactive transport, and biomechanics responses at the scale of the liver lobule and liver tissue is outlined, in addition to how bioreactor-measured properties can be utilized in these models. Here, the fundamental issues of tortuosity and upscaling are highlighted, as well as the role of disease and fibrosis in these issues. Some idealized simulations of the effects of fibrosis on lobule drug transport and mechanics responses are provided to further illustrate these concepts. This review concludes with an outline of some practical applications of tissue engineering advances and how efficient computational upscaling techniques, such as dual continuum modeling, might be used to quantify the transition of bioreactor results to the full liver scale.
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25
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Mirdamadi ES, Kalhori D, Zakeri N, Azarpira N, Solati-Hashjin M. Liver Tissue Engineering as an Emerging Alternative for Liver Disease Treatment. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2020; 26:145-163. [PMID: 31797731 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2019.0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases affect thousands of lives throughout the world every year. The shortage of liver donors for transplantation has been the main driving force to employ alternative methods such as liver tissue engineering (LTE) in fabricating a three-dimensional transplantable liver tissue or enhancing cell delivery techniques alleviating the need for liver donors. LTE consists of three components, cells, ECM (extracellular matrix), and signaling molecules, which we discuss the first and second. The three most common cell sources used in LTE are human and animal primary hepatocytes, and stem cells for different applications. Two major categories of ECM are used to mimic the microenvironment of these cells, named scaffolds and microbeads. Scaffolds have been made by numerous methods with a wide range of synthetic and natural biomaterials. Cell encapsulation has also been utilized by many polymeric biomaterials. To investigate their functions, many properties have been discussed in the literature, such as biochemical, geometrical, and mechanical properties, in both of these categories. Overall, LTE shows excellent potential in assisting hepatic disorders. However, some challenges exist that prevent the practical use of it clinically, making LTE an ongoing research subject in the scientific society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Sadat Mirdamadi
- BioFabrication Lab (BFL), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Dianoosh Kalhori
- BioFabrication Lab (BFL), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Zakeri
- BioFabrication Lab (BFL), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehran Solati-Hashjin
- BioFabrication Lab (BFL), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
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26
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da Silva Morais A, Oliveira JM, Reis RL. Biomaterials and Microfluidics for Liver Models. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1230:65-86. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-36588-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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27
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Fabrication and evaluation of modified poly(ethylene terephthalate) microfibrous scaffolds for hepatocyte growth and functionality maintenance. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 109:110523. [PMID: 32228959 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
For hepatocyte culture in vitro, the surface feature of utilized scaffolds exerts a direct impact on cell adhesion, growth and differentiated functionality. Herein, to regulate hepatocyte growth and differentiated functionality, modified microfibrous scaffolds were fabricated by surface grafting monoamine terminated lactobionic lactone (L-NH2) and gelatin onto non-woven poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibrous substrate (PET-Gal and PET-Gel), respectively. The physicochemical properties of PET scaffolds before and after modification were characterized. Upon 15-day culture, the effects of modified PET scaffolds on growth and differentiated functionality of human induced hepatocytes (hiHeps) were evaluated, compared with that of control without modification. Results demonstrated that both L-NH2 and gelatin modifications improved scaffold properties including hydrophilicity, water uptake ratio, stiffness and roughness, resulting in efficient cell adhesion, ~20-fold cell expansion and enhanced differentiated functionality. After culture for 15 days, PET-Gal cultured cells formed aggregates, displaying better cell viability and significantly higher differentiated functionality regarding albumin secretion, urea synthesis, phases I (cytochrome P450, CYP1A1/2 and CYP3A4) and II (uridine 5'-diphosphate glucuronosyltransferases, UGT) enzyme activity, biliary excretion and detoxification ability (ammonia elimination and bilirubin conjugation), compared with PET and PET-Gel cultured ones. Hence, as a three-dimensional (3D) microfibrous scaffold, PET-Gal promotes hiHeps growth and differentiated functionality maintenance, which is promisingly utilized in bioartificial liver (BAL) bioreactors.
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28
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Bizzaro D, Russo FP, Burra P. New Perspectives in Liver Transplantation: From Regeneration to Bioengineering. Bioengineering (Basel) 2019; 6:E81. [PMID: 31514475 PMCID: PMC6783848 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering6030081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced liver diseases have very high morbidity and mortality due to associated complications, and liver transplantation represents the only current therapeutic option. However, due to worldwide donor shortages, new alternative approaches are mandatory for such patients. Regenerative medicine could be the more appropriate answer to this need. Advances in knowledge of physiology of liver regeneration, stem cells, and 3D scaffolds for tissue engineering have accelerated the race towards efficient therapies for liver failure. In this review, we propose an update on liver regeneration, cell-based regenerative medicine and bioengineering alternatives to liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Bizzaro
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Gastroenterology/Multivisceral Transplant Section, University/Hospital Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy.
| | - Francesco Paolo Russo
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Gastroenterology/Multivisceral Transplant Section, University/Hospital Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Burra
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Gastroenterology/Multivisceral Transplant Section, University/Hospital Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy.
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29
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Agarwal T, Subramanian B, Maiti TK. Liver Tissue Engineering: Challenges and Opportunities. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:4167-4182. [PMID: 33417776 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liver tissue engineering aims at the possibility of reproducing a fully functional organ for the treatment of acute and chronic liver disorders. Approaches in this field endeavor to replace organ transplantation (gold standard treatment for liver diseases in a clinical setting) with in vitro developed liver tissue constructs. However, the complexity of the liver microarchitecture and functionality along with the limited supply of cellular components of the liver pose numerous challenges. This review provides a comprehensive outlook onto how the physicochemical, mechanobiological, and spatiotemporal aspects of the substrates could be tuned to address current challenges in the field. We also highlight the strategic advancements made in the field so far for the development of artificial liver tissue. We further showcase the currently available prototypes in research and clinical trials, which shows the hope for the future of liver tissue engineering.
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30
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Kumari J, Teotia AK, Karande AA, Kumar A. A minimally-invasive cryogel based approach for the development of human ectopic liver in a mouse model. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 108:1022-1032. [PMID: 31397074 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Human liver tissue is preferable over nonhuman liver tissue for preclinical drug screening, as the former can better predict side effects specific to humans. However, due to limited supply and ethical issues with human liver tissue, it is desirable to develop an animal model having functional human liver tissue. In this study, we have established an ectopic functional human liver tissue in a mouse model, using a minimally-invasive method. Firstly, a human liver tissue mass using HepG2 cells and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) incorporated poly(ethylene glycol)-alginate-gelatin (PAG) cryogel matrix was developed in vitro. It was later implanted in mouse peritoneal cavity using a 16 G needle. Viscoelastic nature along with low Young's modulus provided injectable properties to the cryogel. We confirmed minimal cell loss/death while injecting. Further, by in vivo study efficacy of both injectable and surgical implantation approaches were compared. No significant difference in terms of cell infiltration, human serum albumin (HSA) secretion and enzyme activity confirmed efficacy. This model developed using a minimally-invasive approach can overcome the limitations of surgical implantation due to its cost effective and user friendly nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Kumari
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, UP, India
| | - Arun K Teotia
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, UP, India
| | - Anjali A Karande
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, UP, India
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31
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Naeem EM, Sajad D, Talaei-Khozani T, Khajeh S, Azarpira N, Alaei S, Tanideh N, Reza TM, Razban V. Decellularized liver transplant could be recellularized in rat partial hepatectomy model. J Biomed Mater Res A 2019; 107:2576-2588. [PMID: 31361939 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In situ recellularization of the liver decellularized scaffold is a potential therapeutic alternative for liver transplantation. We aimed to develop an in situ procedure for recellularization of the rat liver using sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES) compared with Triton X-100/SDS. Rat liver specimens were rinsed with PBS, decellularized with either Triton X-100/SDS or SLES, and finally rinsed by distilled water. The efficiency of decellularized liver scaffolds was evaluated by histological, confocal Raman microscopy, histochemical staining, and DNA quantification assessments. Finally, in vivo studies were done to assess the biocompatibility of the liver scaffold by serum biochemical parameters and the recellularization capacity by histological and immunohistochemistry staining. Findings confirmed the preservation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components such as reticular, collagen, glycosaminoglycans, and neutral carbohydrates in both Triton X-100/SDS- and SLES-treated livers. Hoechst, feulgen, Hematoxylin and eosin, and DNA quantification assessments confirmed complete genetic content removal. The serological parameters showed no adverse impact on the liver functions. Transplantation of SLES-treated cell-free decellularized liver showed extensive neovascularization along with migration of the fibrocytes and adipocytes and some immune cells. Also, immunohistochemical staining showed that the oval cells, stellate cells, cholangiocytes and hepatocytes invaded extensively into the graft. It is concluded that SLES can be considered as a promising alternative in the liver decellularization process, and the transplanted decellularized liver can appropriately be revascularized and regenerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erfani M Naeem
- Department of Basic Sciences, Histology Section, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Daneshi Sajad
- Department of Basic Sciences, Histology Section, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Tahereh Talaei-Khozani
- Tissue Engineering Lab, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sahar Khajeh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sanaz Alaei
- Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Applied Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nader Tanideh
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tabandeh M Reza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Vahid Razban
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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32
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Natale A, Vanmol K, Arslan A, Van Vlierberghe S, Dubruel P, Van Erps J, Thienpont H, Buzgo M, Boeckmans J, De Kock J, Vanhaecke T, Rogiers V, Rodrigues RM. Technological advancements for the development of stem cell-based models for hepatotoxicity testing. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:1789-1805. [PMID: 31037322 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02465-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells are characterized by their self-renewal capacity and their ability to differentiate into multiple cell types of the human body. Using directed differentiation strategies, stem cells can now be converted into hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) and therefore, represent a unique cell source for toxicological applications in vitro. However, the acquired hepatic functionality of stem cell-derived HLCs is still significantly inferior to primary human hepatocytes. One of the main reasons for this is that most in vitro models use traditional two-dimensional (2D) setups where the flat substrata cannot properly mimic the physiology of the human liver. Therefore, 2D-setups are progressively being replaced by more advanced culture systems, which attempt to replicate the natural liver microenvironment, in which stem cells can better differentiate towards HLCs. This review highlights the most recent cell culture systems, including scaffold-free and scaffold-based three-dimensional (3D) technologies and microfluidics that can be employed for culture and hepatic differentiation of stem cells intended for hepatotoxicity testing. These methodologies have shown to improve in vitro liver cell functionality according to the in vivo liver physiology and allow to establish stem cell-based hepatic in vitro platforms for the accurate evaluation of xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Natale
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Koen Vanmol
- Brussels Photonics (B-PHOT), Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Flanders Make, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Aysu Arslan
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group (PBM), Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sandra Van Vlierberghe
- Brussels Photonics (B-PHOT), Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Flanders Make, Brussels, Belgium
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group (PBM), Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Dubruel
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group (PBM), Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jürgen Van Erps
- Brussels Photonics (B-PHOT), Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Flanders Make, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hugo Thienpont
- Brussels Photonics (B-PHOT), Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Flanders Make, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Joost Boeckmans
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joery De Kock
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tamara Vanhaecke
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vera Rogiers
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Robim M Rodrigues
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
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33
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Legallais C, Kim D, Mihaila SM, Mihajlovic M, Figliuzzi M, Bonandrini B, Salerno S, Yousef Yengej FA, Rookmaaker MB, Sanchez Romero N, Sainz-Arnal P, Pereira U, Pasqua M, Gerritsen KGF, Verhaar MC, Remuzzi A, Baptista PM, De Bartolo L, Masereeuw R, Stamatialis D. Bioengineering Organs for Blood Detoxification. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1800430. [PMID: 30230709 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201800430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
For patients with severe kidney or liver failure the best solution is currently organ transplantation. However, not all patients are eligible for transplantation and due to limited organ availability, most patients are currently treated with therapies using artificial kidney and artificial liver devices. These therapies, despite their relative success in preserving the patients' life, have important limitations since they can only replace part of the natural kidney or liver functions. As blood detoxification (and other functions) in these highly perfused organs is achieved by specialized cells, it seems relevant to review the approaches leading to bioengineered organs fulfilling most of the native organ functions. There, the culture of cells of specific phenotypes on adapted scaffolds that can be perfused takes place. In this review paper, first the functions of kidney and liver organs are briefly described. Then artificial kidney/liver devices, bioartificial kidney devices, and bioartificial liver devices are focused on, as well as biohybrid constructs obtained by decellularization and recellularization of animal organs. For all organs, a thorough overview of the literature is given and the perspectives for their application in the clinic are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Legallais
- UMR CNRS 7338 Biomechanics & Bioengineering; Université de technologie de Compiègne; Sorbonne Universités; 60203 Compiègne France
| | - Dooli Kim
- (Bio)artificial organs; Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology; Faculty of Science and Technology; TechMed Institute; University of Twente; P.O. Box 217 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Sylvia M. Mihaila
- Division of Pharmacology; Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences; Utrecht University; Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension; University Medical Center Utrecht and Regenerative Medicine Utrecht; Utrecht University; Heidelberglaan 100 3584 CX Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Milos Mihajlovic
- Division of Pharmacology; Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences; Utrecht University; Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Marina Figliuzzi
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri; via Stezzano 87 24126 Bergamo Italy
| | - Barbara Bonandrini
- Department of Chemistry; Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”; Politecnico di Milano; Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Simona Salerno
- Institute on Membrane Technology; National Research Council of Italy; ITM-CNR; Via Pietro BUCCI, Cubo 17C - 87036 Rende Italy
| | - Fjodor A. Yousef Yengej
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension; University Medical Center Utrecht and Regenerative Medicine Utrecht; Utrecht University; Heidelberglaan 100 3584 CX Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Maarten B. Rookmaaker
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension; University Medical Center Utrecht and Regenerative Medicine Utrecht; Utrecht University; Heidelberglaan 100 3584 CX Utrecht The Netherlands
| | | | - Pilar Sainz-Arnal
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragon); 50009 Zaragoza Spain
- Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS); 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Ulysse Pereira
- UMR CNRS 7338 Biomechanics & Bioengineering; Université de technologie de Compiègne; Sorbonne Universités; 60203 Compiègne France
| | - Mattia Pasqua
- UMR CNRS 7338 Biomechanics & Bioengineering; Université de technologie de Compiègne; Sorbonne Universités; 60203 Compiègne France
| | - Karin G. F. Gerritsen
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension; University Medical Center Utrecht and Regenerative Medicine Utrecht; Utrecht University; Heidelberglaan 100 3584 CX Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Marianne C. Verhaar
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension; University Medical Center Utrecht and Regenerative Medicine Utrecht; Utrecht University; Heidelberglaan 100 3584 CX Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Remuzzi
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri; via Stezzano 87 24126 Bergamo Italy
- Department of Management; Information and Production Engineering; University of Bergamo; viale Marconi 5 24044 Dalmine Italy
| | - Pedro M. Baptista
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragon); 50009 Zaragoza Spain
- Department of Management; Information and Production Engineering; University of Bergamo; viale Marconi 5 24044 Dalmine Italy
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área Temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas (CIBERehd); 28029 Barcelona Spain
- Fundación ARAID; 50009 Zaragoza Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz; 28040 Madrid Spain. Department of Biomedical and Aerospace Engineering; Universidad Carlos III de Madrid; 28911 Madrid Spain
| | - Loredana De Bartolo
- Institute on Membrane Technology; National Research Council of Italy; ITM-CNR; Via Pietro BUCCI, Cubo 17C - 87036 Rende Italy
| | - Rosalinde Masereeuw
- Division of Pharmacology; Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences; Utrecht University; Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Dimitrios Stamatialis
- (Bio)artificial organs; Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology; Faculty of Science and Technology; TechMed Institute; University of Twente; P.O. Box 217 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
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Damania A, Kumar A, Teotia AK, Kimura H, Kamihira M, Ijima H, Sarin SK, Kumar A. Decellularized Liver Matrix-Modified Cryogel Scaffolds as Potential Hepatocyte Carriers in Bioartificial Liver Support Systems and Implantable Liver Constructs. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:114-126. [PMID: 29210278 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b13727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in the use of decellularized organ scaffolds as regenerative matrices for tissue engineering holds great promise in addressing the issue of donor organ shortage. Decellularization preserves the mechanical integrity, composition, and microvasculature critical for zonation of hepatocytes in the liver. Earlier studies have reported the possibility of repopulating decellularized matrices with hepatic cell lines or stem cells to improve liver regeneration. In this work, we study the versatility of the decellularized liver matrix as a substrate coating of three-dimensional cryogel scaffolds. The coated cryogels were analyzed for their ability to maintain hepatic cell growth and functionality in vitro, which was found to be significantly better than the uncoated cryogel scaffolds. The decellularized liver matrix-coated cryogel scaffolds were evaluated for their potential application as a cell-loaded bioreactor for bioartificial liver support and as an implantable liver construct. Extracorporeal connection of the coated cryogel bioreactor to a liver failure model showed improvement in liver function parameters. Additionally, offline clinical evaluation of the bioreactor using patient-derived liver failure plasma showed its efficacy in improving liver failure conditions by approximately 30-60%. Furthermore, implantation of the decellularized matrix-coated cryogel showed complete integration with the native tissue as confirmed by hematoxylin and eosin staining of tissue sections. HepG2 cells and primary human hepatocytes seeded in the coated cryogel scaffolds implanted in the liver failure model maintained functionality in terms of albumin synthesis and cytochrome P450 activity post 2 weeks of implantation. In addition, a 20-60% improvement in liver function parameters was observed post implantation. These results, put together, suggest a possibility of using the decellularized matrix-coated cryogel scaffolds for liver tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apeksha Damania
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur-208016 Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anupam Kumar
- Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences , Vasant Kunj, New Delhi 110070, India
| | - Arun K Teotia
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur-208016 Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Haruna Kimura
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University , Fukuoka 8190395, Japan
| | - Masamichi Kamihira
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University , Fukuoka 8190395, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ijima
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University , Fukuoka 8190395, Japan
| | - Shiv Kumar Sarin
- Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences , Vasant Kunj, New Delhi 110070, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur-208016 Uttar Pradesh, India
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Mazza G, Al-Akkad W, Rombouts K, Pinzani M. Liver tissue engineering: From implantable tissue to whole organ engineering. Hepatol Commun 2017; 2:131-141. [PMID: 29404520 PMCID: PMC5796330 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The term “liver tissue engineering” summarizes one of the ultimate goals of modern biotechnology: the possibility of reproducing in total or in part the functions of the liver in order to treat acute or chronic liver disorders and, ultimately, create a fully functional organ to be transplanted or used as an extracorporeal device. All the technical approaches in the area of liver tissue engineering are based on allocating adult hepatocytes or stem cell‐derived hepatocyte‐like cells within a three‐dimensional structure able to ensure their survival and to maintain their functional phenotype. The hosting structure can be a construct in which hepatocytes are embedded in alginate and/or gelatin or are seeded in a pre‐arranged scaffold made with different types of biomaterials. According to a more advanced methodology termed three‐dimensional bioprinting, hepatocytes are mixed with a bio‐ink and the mixture is printed in different forms, such as tissue‐like layers or spheroids. In the last decade, efforts to engineer a cell microenvironment recapitulating the dynamic native extracellular matrix have become increasingly successful, leading to the hope of satisfying the clinical demand for tissue (or organ) repair and replacement within a reasonable timeframe. Indeed, the preclinical work performed in recent years has shown promising results, and the advancement in the biotechnology of bioreactors, ex vivo perfusion machines, and cell expansion systems associated with a better understanding of liver development and the extracellular matrix microenvironment will facilitate and expedite the translation to technical applications. (Hepatology Communications 2018;2:131–141)
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Mazza
- University College London, Division of Medicine, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health Royal Free Hospital London United Kingdom
| | - Walid Al-Akkad
- University College London, Division of Medicine, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health Royal Free Hospital London United Kingdom
| | - Krista Rombouts
- University College London, Division of Medicine, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health Royal Free Hospital London United Kingdom
| | - Massimo Pinzani
- University College London, Division of Medicine, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health Royal Free Hospital London United Kingdom
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Fan J, Yang J. Preparation and characterization of a chitosan/galactosylated hyaluronic acid/heparin scaffold for hepatic tissue engineering. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2017; 28:569-581. [PMID: 28125949 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2017.1288076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cell culture microenvironment and hepatocyte-specific three-dimensional tissue-engineering scaffold play important roles for bioartificial liver devices. In the present study, highly porous sponge scaffolds composed of chitosan (CS) and galactosylated hyaluronic acid (GHA, galactose moieties were covalently coupled with hyaluronic acid through ethylenediamine), were prepared by freezing-drying technique. Because the growth factors specifically bind to heparin with a high affinity and biological stability of the growth factors are modulated by heparin. Heparin was added into CS/GHA scaffold under mild conditions. The effects of heparin on the morphology, structure, porosity, mechanical properties of the CS/GHA/heparin scaffold were studied. CS/GHA scaffold containing heparin maintains the porous structure and good mechanical properties. Furthermore, addition of heparin with the growth factors into the scaffold resulted in a significantly improved the microenvironment of cell growth and prolonged liver functions of the hepatocytes such as albumin secretion, urea synthesis and ammonia elimination. These results indicate that this CS/GHA/heparin scaffold is a potential candidate for liver tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyong Fan
- a Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry and Functional Materials in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Dezhou University , Dezhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yang
- b The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences , Nankai University , Tianjin , People's Republic of China
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Damania A, Kumar A, Sarin SK, Kumar A. Optimized performance of the integrated hepatic cell-loaded cryogel-based bioreactor with intermittent perfusion of acute liver failure plasma. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2017; 106:259-269. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Apeksha Damania
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering; Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur; Kanpur 208016 UP India
| | - Anupam Kumar
- Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences (ILBS); New Delhi India
| | - Shiv K. Sarin
- Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences (ILBS); New Delhi India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering; Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur; Kanpur 208016 UP India
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Kim K, Utoh R, Ohashi K, Kikuchi T, Okano T. Fabrication of functional 3D hepatic tissues with polarized hepatocytes by stacking endothelial cell sheets in vitro. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015; 11:2071-2080. [PMID: 26549508 DOI: 10.1002/term.2102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cell sheet stratification technology has been used for reconstituting highly functional three-dimensional (3D) hepatic tissues in vitro. Triple-layered hepatic tissues with a hepatocyte-specific polarity were fabricated by sandwiching a hepatocyte sheet (Hep sheet) between two endothelial cell (EC) sheets. The morphological and functional characteristics of the triple-layered hepatic construct (EC-Hep-EC) were evaluated and compared with those of a double-layered hepatic construct with a single EC sheet (Hep-EC) and a Hep sheet only. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) observations revealed that the extracellular matrix was observed to be deposited in the space between the ECs and hepatocytes on both the upper and lower sides of the hepatocytes in the EC-Hep-EC construct. Immunohistochemistry with basolateral (CD147) and apical [multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP2)] membrane polarity markers clearly showed the recovery of in vivo-like hepatocyte polarization in the EC-Hep-EC group. In addition, hepatocyte-specific functions, including albumin secretion, ammonia removal and the induction of cytochrome P450, were also highly preserved. The presented technology for stratifying multiple cell sheets was simple in operation and successfully reproduced both the heterotypic/homotypic cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions with the inherent hepatocyte configurations, thus closely mimicking the in vivo environment. The triple-layered 3D hepatic constructs could therefore be valuable as a new experiment tool for drug-screening tests, an implantable tissue model for cell-based therapies and an efficient culture platform for bioartificial liver devices. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungsook Kim
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, 443-749, Korea
| | - Rie Utoh
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Ohashi
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,iPS Cell-based Projects on Cell Transplantation and Cell Dynamics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565 0871, Japan
| | - Tetsutaro Kikuchi
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teruo Okano
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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In Situ Transplantation of Alginate Bioencapsulated Adipose Tissues Derived Stem Cells (ADSCs) via Hepatic Injection in a Mouse Model. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138184. [PMID: 26372641 PMCID: PMC4570793 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Adipose tissue derived stem cells (ADSCs) transplantation has recently gained widespread enthusiasm, particularly in the perspective to use them as potential alternative cell sources for hepatocytes in cell based therapy, mainly because of their capability of hepatogenic differentiation in vitro and in vivo. But some challenges remain to be addressed, including whether ADSCs can be provided effectively to the target organ and whether subsequent proliferation of transplanted cells can be achieved. To date, intrasplenic injection is the conventional method to deliver ADSCs into the liver; however, a number of donor cells retained in the spleen has been reported. In this study, our objective is to evaluate a novel route to transplant ADSCs specifically to the liver. We aimed to test the feasibility of in situ transplantation of ADSCs by injecting bioencapsulated ADSCs into the liver in mouse model. Methods The ADSCs isolated from human alpha 1 antitrypsin (M-hAAT) transgenic mice were used to allow delivered ADSCs be readily identified in the liver of recipient mice, and alginate was selected as a cell carrier. We first evaluated whether alginate microspheres are implantable into the liver tissue by injection and whether ADSCs could migrate from alginate microspheres (study one). Once proven, we then examined the in vivo fate of ADSCs loaded microspheres in the liver. Specifically, we evaluated whether transplanted, undifferentiated ASDCs could be induced by the local microenvironment toward hepatogenic differentiation and the distribution of surviving ADSCs in major tissue organs (study two). Results Our results indicated ADSCs loaded alginate microspheres were implantable into the liver. Both degraded and residual alginate microspheres were observed in the liver up to three weeks. The viable ADSCs were detectable surrounding degraded and residual alginate microspheres in the liver and other major organs such as bone marrow and the lungs. Importantly, transplanted ADSCs underwent hepatogenic differentiation to become cells expressing albumin in the liver. These findings improve our understanding of the interplay between ADSCs (donor cells), alginate (biomaterial), and local microenvironment in a hepatectomized mouse model, and might improve the strategy of in situ transplantation of ADSCs in treating liver diseases.
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