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Hao MJ, Cheng ZY, Gao Y, Xin L, Yu CT, Wang TL, Li ZS, Wang LW. Liquid biopsy of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma: implications in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring. Scand J Gastroenterol 2024; 59:698-709. [PMID: 38466190 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2024.2310167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a common malignant tumour of the gastrointestinal tract. Early detection and access to appropriate treatment are crucial for the long-term survival of patients. However, limited diagnostic and monitoring methods are available for identifying early stage ESCC. Endoscopic screening and surgical resection are commonly used to diagnose and treat early ESCC. However, these methods have disadvantages, such as high recurrence, lethality, and mortality rates. Therefore, methods to improve early diagnosis of ESCC and reduce its mortality rate are urgently required. In 1961, Gary et al. proposed a novel liquid biopsy approach for clinical diagnosis. This involved examining exosomes, circulating tumour cells, circulating free DNA, and circulating free RNA in body fluids. The ability of liquid biopsy to obtain samples repeatedly, wide detection range, and fast detection speed make it a feasible option for non-invasive tumour detection. In clinical practice, liquid biopsy technology has gained popularity for early screening, diagnosis, treatment efficacy monitoring, and prognosis assessment. Thus, this is a highly promising examination method. However, there have been no comprehensive reviews on the four factors of liquid biopsy in the context of ESCC. This review aimed to analyse the progress of liquid biopsy research for ESCC, including its classification, components, and potential future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Juan Hao
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Anaesthesia and Surgery, Guiyang Fourth People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Xin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chu-Ting Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting-Lu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao-Shen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Luo-Wei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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2
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Li W, Xu T, Jin H, Li M, Jia Q. Emerging role of cancer-associated fibroblasts in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 253:155002. [PMID: 38056131 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.155002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal carcinoma is the sixth leading cause of cancer death globally and the majority of global cases are esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Difficulty in diagnosis exists as more than 70% of ESCC patients are diagnosed at the intermediate or advanced stage. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have been considered one of the crucial components in the process of tumor growth, promoting communications between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME). CAFs grow alongside malignancies dynamically and interact with ESCC cells to promote their progression, proliferation, invasion, tumor escape, chemo- and radio-resistance, etc. It is believed that CAFs qualify as a promising direction for treatment. Analyzing CAFs' subtypes and functions will elucidate the involvement of CAFs in ESCC and aid in therapeutics. This review summarizes current information on CAFs in ESCC and focuses on the latest interaction between CAFs and ESCC cancer cell discoveries. The origin of CAFs and their communication with ESCC cells and TME are also demonstrated. On the foundation of a thorough analysis, we highlight the clinical prospects and CAFs-related therapies in ESCC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianqi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hai Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China.
| | - Mingyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Qingge Jia
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
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3
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Ning XY, Ma JH, He W, Ma JT. Role of exosomes in metastasis and therapeutic resistance in esophageal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:5699-5715. [PMID: 38075847 PMCID: PMC10701334 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i42.5699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) has a high incidence and mortality rate and is emerging as one of the most common health problems globally. Owing to the lack of sensitive detection methods, uncontrollable rapid metastasis, and pervasive treatment resistance, EC is often diagnosed in advanced stages and is susceptible to local recurrence. Exosomes are important components of intercellular communication and the exosome-mediated crosstalk between the cancer and surrounding cells within the tumor microenvironment plays a crucial role in the metastasis, progression, and therapeutic resistance of EC. Considering the critical role of exosomes in tumor pathogenesis, this review focused on elucidating the impact of exosomes on EC metastasis and therapeutic resistance. Here, we summarized the relevant signaling pathways involved in these processes. In addition, we discussed the potential clinical applications of exosomes for the early diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Yu Ning
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jin-Hu Ma
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Wei He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jun-Ting Ma
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China
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4
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Chen X, Li Y, Li M, Xie Y, Wang K, Zhang L, Zou Z, Xiong L. Exosomal miRNAs assist in the crosstalk between tumor cells and immune cells and its potential therapeutics. Life Sci 2023; 329:121934. [PMID: 37460057 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that carry active substances (including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids) and are essential for homeostasis and signal transmission. Recent studies have focused on the function of exosomal miRNAs in tumor progression. Researchers have expanded the use of exosomes and miRNAs as potential therapeutic tools and biomarkers to detect tumor progression. Immune cells, as an important part of the tumor microenvironment (TME), secrete a majority of exosome-derived miRNAs involved in the biological processes of malignancies. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Currently, there is no literature that systematically summarizes the communication of exosome-derived miRNAs between tumor cells and immune cells. Based on the cell specificity of exosome-derived miRNAs, this review provides the first comprehensive summary of the significant miRNAs from the standpoint of exosome sources, which are tumor cells and immune cells. Furthermore, we elaborated on the potential clinical applications of these miRNAs, attempting to propose existing difficulties and future possibilities in tumor diagnostics and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yuqiu Li
- Queen Mary College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Miao Li
- Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yujie Xie
- College of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Keqin Wang
- First Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Lifang Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Zhuoling Zou
- Queen Mary College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Lixia Xiong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
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Si MY, Rao DY, Xia Y, Sang CP, Mao KY, Liu XJ, Zhang ZX, Tang ZX. Role of exosomal noncoding RNA in esophageal carcinoma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1126890. [PMID: 37234976 PMCID: PMC10206631 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1126890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is a common malignant tumor with a high degree of malignancy. Understanding its pathogenesis and identifying early diagnostic biomarkers can significantly improve the prognosis of esophageal cancer patients. Exosomes are small double-membrane vesicles found in various body fluids containing various components (DNA, RNA, and proteins) that mediate intercellular signal communication. Non-coding RNAs are a class of gene transcription products that encode polypeptide functions and are widely detected in exosomes. There is growing evidence that exosomal non-coding RNAs are involved in cancer growth, metastasis and angiogenesis, and can also be used as diagnostic and prognostic markers. This article reviews the recent progress in exosomal non-coding RNAs in esophageal cancer, including research progress, diagnostic value, proliferation, migration, invasion, and drug resistance, provide new ideas for the precise treatment of esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Yan Si
- First Clinical Medical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Ding-Yu Rao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yao Xia
- First Clinical Medical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Cheng-Peng Sang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai-Yun Mao
- First Clinical Medical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Jin Liu
- First Clinical Medical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Zu-Xiong Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Xian Tang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
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Zhao L, Yu L, Wang X, He J, Zhu X, Zhang R, Yang A. Mechanisms of function and clinical potential of exosomes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2023; 553:215993. [PMID: 36328162 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains one of the most lethal and widespread malignancies in China. Exosomes, a subset of tiny extracellular vesicles manufactured by all cells and present in all body fluids, contribute to intercellular communication and have become a focus of the search for new therapeutic strategies for cancer. A number of global analyses of exosome-mediated functions and regulatory mechanism in malignant diseases have recently been reported. There is extensive evidence that exosomes can be used as diagnostic and prognostic markers for cancer. However, our understanding of their clinical value and mechanisms of action in ESCC is still limited and has not been systematically reviewed. Here, we review current research specifically focused on the functions and mechanisms of action of ESCC tumor-derived exosomes and non-ESCC-derived exosomes in ESCC progression and describe opportunities and challenges in the clinical translation of exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Lili Yu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Xiangpeng Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Jangtao He
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China.
| | - Rui Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Angang Yang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drugs, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China; The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Qiu L, Yue J, Ding L, Yin Z, Zhang K, Zhang H. Cancer-associated fibroblasts: An emerging target against esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2022; 546:215860. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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8
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Dysregulated expression of microRNAs acts as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers for glioma patients. Mol Genet Genomics 2022; 297:1389-1401. [DOI: 10.1007/s00438-022-01927-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Jing Z, Chen K, Gong L. The Significance of Exosomes in Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Esophageal Cancer. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:6115-6127. [PMID: 34511909 PMCID: PMC8423492 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s321555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is one of the most common malignancy in China with high mortality. Understanding pathogenesis and identifying early diagnosis biomarkers can significantly improve the prognosis of patients with esophageal cancer. Exosomes are small vesicular structures containing a variety of components (including DNA, RNA, and proteins) mediating cell-to-cell material exchange and signal communication. Growing evidences have shown that exosomes and its components are involved in growth, metastasis and angiogenesis in cancer, and could also be used as diagnostic and prognostic markers. In this review, we summarized recent progress to elucidate the significance of exosomes in the esophageal cancer progression, microenvironment remodeling, therapeutic resistance, and immunosuppression. We also discuss the utility of exosomes as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic tool in esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Jing
- Department of Oncology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Gong
- Department of Infectious Disease (Liver Diseases), The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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Seibold T, Waldenmaier M, Seufferlein T, Eiseler T. Small Extracellular Vesicles and Metastasis-Blame the Messenger. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174380. [PMID: 34503190 PMCID: PMC8431296 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Due to their systemic nature, metastatic lesions are a major problem for curative cancer treatment. According to a common model for metastasis, tumor cells disseminate by local invasion, survival in the blood stream and extravasation into suitable tissue environments. At secondary sites, metastatic cells adapt, proliferate and foster vascularization to satisfy nutrient and oxygen demand. In recent years, tumors were shown to extensively communicate with cells in the local microenvironment and future metastatic sites by secreting small extracellular vesicles (sEVs, exosomes). sEVs deliver bioactive cargos, e.g., proteins, and in particular, several nucleic acid classes to reprogram target cells, which in turn facilitate tumor growth, cell motility, angiogenesis, immune evasion and establishment of pre-metastatic niches. sEV-cargos also act as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis. This review discusses how tumor cells utilize sEVs with nucleic acid cargos to progress through metastasis, and how sEVs may be employed for prognosis and treatment. Abstract Cancer is a complex disease, driven by genetic defects and environmental cues. Systemic dissemination of cancer cells by metastasis is generally associated with poor prognosis and is responsible for more than 90% of cancer deaths. Metastasis is thought to follow a sequence of events, starting with loss of epithelial features, detachment of tumor cells, basement membrane breakdown, migration, intravasation and survival in the circulation. At suitable distant niches, tumor cells reattach, extravasate and establish themselves by proliferating and attracting vascularization to fuel metastatic growth. These processes are facilitated by extensive cross-communication of tumor cells with cells in the primary tumor microenvironment (TME) as well as at distant pre-metastatic niches. A vital part of this communication network are small extracellular vesicles (sEVs, exosomes) with a size of 30–150 nm. Tumor-derived sEVs educate recipient cells with bioactive cargos, such as proteins, and in particular, major nucleic acid classes, to drive tumor growth, cell motility, angiogenesis, immune evasion and formation of pre-metastatic niches. Circulating sEVs are also utilized as biomarker platforms for diagnosis and prognosis. This review discusses how tumor cells facilitate progression through the metastatic cascade by employing sEV-based communication and evaluates their role as biomarkers and vehicles for drug delivery.
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Zarin B, Rafiee L, Daneshpajouhnejad P, Haghjooy Javanmard S. A review on the role of CAFs and CAF-derived exosomes in progression and metastasis of digestive system cancers. Tumour Biol 2021; 43:141-157. [PMID: 34420992 DOI: 10.3233/tub-200075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers evolve as a result of the accelerated proliferation of cancer cells in a complicated, enriched, and active microenvironment. Tumor microenvironment (TME) components are the master regulators of any step of cancer development. The tumor microenvironment is composed of many cellular and noncellular components that contribute to the evolution of cancer cells. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are activated fibroblasts in the TME that implicate in tumor progression and metastasis dissemination through secretion of oncogenic factors which are carried to the secondary metastatic sites through exosomes. In this review, we aimed to assess the role of CAF-derived exosomes in TME construction and pre-metastatic niche formation in different cancers of the digestive system in order to better understand some important mechanisms of metastasis and provide possible targets for clinical intervention. This review article is divided into two thematic parts explaining the general mechanisms of pre-metastatic niche formation and metastasis and the role of CAF-derived exosomes in different digestive system cancers including colorectal, gastric, esophageal, pancreatic, and liver cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahare Zarin
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Laleh Rafiee
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Liu S, Lin Z, Rao W, Zheng J, Xie Q, Lin Y, Lin X, Chen H, Chen Y, Hu Z. Upregulated expression of serum exosomal hsa_circ_0026611 is associated with lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Cancer 2021; 12:918-926. [PMID: 33403048 PMCID: PMC7778553 DOI: 10.7150/jca.50548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To identify the diagnostic and prognostic values of serum exosomal hsa_circ_0026611 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods: ESCC serum exosome global circRNA expression was detected using a circRNA microarray. The expression levels of candidate serum exosome circRNAs were detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). A receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was generated to confirm the diagnostic value. Survival data and their differences were observed by the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank tests. The Cox regression analysis was employed to identify prognostic factors. Results: The expression levels of serum exosomal has_circ_0026611 in ESCC with lymph node metastasis were significantly higher than those in ESCC without lymph node metastasis (P =0.001). In addition, serum exosomal hsa_circ_0026611 expression could be used as a significant parameter to discriminate between non-lymph node-metastatic and lymph node-metastatic ESCC with an area under curve (AUC) of 0.724 (95% CI: 0.604~0.865). The multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that survival was poor in patients with high serum exosomal hsa_circ_0026611 expression levels compared to those with low serum exosomal hsa_circ_0026611 levels (for OS, HR [95% CI]: 3.79 [1.27, 11.29], for DFS, HR [95% CI]: 2.77 [1.06, 7.22]). Conclusion: Serum exosomal hsa_circ_0026611 expression is significantly upregulated in ESCC with lymph node metastasis and is a predictor of ESCC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Zheng Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Wenqing Rao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Qianwen Xie
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Yulan Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Xi Lin
- Department of Statistics Office, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Huilin Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Anxi County Hospital, Quanzhou 352400, China
| | - Yuanmei Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Zhijian Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
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MicroRNA Profiling in Oesophageal Adenocarcinoma Cell Lines and Patient Serum Samples Reveals a Role for miR-451a in Radiation Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238898. [PMID: 33255413 PMCID: PMC7727862 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many patients with Oesophageal Adenocarcinoma (OAC) do not benefit from chemoradiotherapy treatment due to therapy resistance. To better understand the mechanisms involved in resistance and to find potential biomarkers, we investigated the association of microRNAs, which regulate gene expression, with the response to individual treatments, focusing on radiation. Intrinsic radiation resistance and chemotherapy drug resistance were assessed in eight OAC cell lines, and miRNA expression profiling was performed via TaqMan OpenArray qPCR. miRNAs discovered were either uniquely associated with resistance to radiation, cisplatin, or 5-FU, or were common to two or all three of the treatments. Target mRNA pathway analyses indicated several potential mechanisms of treatment resistance. miRNAs associated with the in vitro treatment responses were then investigated for association with pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) in pre-treatment serums of patients with OAC. miR-451a was associated uniquely with resistance to radiation treatment in the cell lines, and with the response to nCRT in patient serums. Inhibition of miR-451a in the radiation resistant OAC cell line OE19 increased radiosensitivity (Survival Fraction 73% vs. 87%, p = 0.0003), and altered RNA expression. Pathway analysis of effected small non-coding RNAs and corresponding mRNA targets suggest potential mechanisms of radiation resistance in OAC.
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14
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Shoucair I, Weber Mello F, Jabalee J, Maleki S, Garnis C. The Role of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts and Extracellular Vesicles in Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186837. [PMID: 32957712 PMCID: PMC7555043 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a key role in the communication between cancer cells and stromal components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this context, cancer cell-derived EVs can regulate the activation of a CAF phenotype in TME cells, which can be mediated by several EV cargos (e.g., miRNA, proteins, mRNA and lncRNAs). On the other hand, CAF-derived EVs can mediate several processes during tumorigenesis, including tumor growth, invasion, metastasis, and therapy resistance. This review aimed to discuss the molecular aspects of EV-based cross-talk between CAFs and cancer cells during tumorigenesis, in addition to assessing the roles of EV cargo in therapy resistance and pre-metastatic niche formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issraa Shoucair
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (I.S.); (F.W.M.); (J.J.); (S.M.)
| | - Fernanda Weber Mello
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (I.S.); (F.W.M.); (J.J.); (S.M.)
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88.040-370, Brazil
| | - James Jabalee
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (I.S.); (F.W.M.); (J.J.); (S.M.)
| | - Saeideh Maleki
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (I.S.); (F.W.M.); (J.J.); (S.M.)
| | - Cathie Garnis
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
- Correspondence:
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15
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Deng Z, Wu J, Xu S, Chen F, Zhang Z, Jin A, Wang J. Exosomes-microRNAs interacted with gastric cancer and its microenvironment: a mini literature review. Biomark Med 2020; 14:141-150. [PMID: 32064893 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2019-0387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes have appeared as fundamental vehicle-modulated crosstalk among various cells in the tumor microenvironment. The systematic understanding of exosomes in gastric cancer (GC) enhances our comprehension about the tumor growth, metastasis, chemoresistance and diagnosis of cancers. The versatile functions of exosomes provide reasonable explanations about the propensity for GC metastasis. The selectively enriched components, especially some exosomal miRNAs, are potential noninvasive biomarkers for sensitive and specific GC diagnosis. Given the characteristics of exosomes, frontier researchers are stimulated to modulate the biogenesis, concentrations or release of exosomes so as to disturb malignant signals between cells. Abnormal expression profiles of exosomal miRNAs afford potential GC therapeutic or diagnostic strategies in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Deng
- The BioBank, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhong Wu
- The Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Xu
- The Department of Pathology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Chen
- The Department of Pathology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqing Zhang
- The BioBank, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Anqi Jin
- The BioBank, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- The Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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16
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Bai H, Wu S. miR-451: A Novel Biomarker and Potential Therapeutic Target for Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:11069-11082. [PMID: 31908476 PMCID: PMC6924581 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s230963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, non-coding, single-stranded small RNAs involved in a variety of cellular processes, including ontogeny, cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. They can also function as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. Recent studies have revealed that miRNA-451 (miR-451) is involved in the regulation of various human physiological and pathological processes. Furthermore, it has been shown that miR-451 not only directly affects the biological functions of tumor cells but also indirectly affects tumor cell invasion and metastasis upon secretion into the tumor microenvironment via exosomes. Thus, miR-451 also influences the progression of tumorigenesis and drug resistance. This review summarizes the expression of miR-451 in various cancer types and the relationship between miR-451 and the diagnosis, treatment, and drug resistance of solid tumors. In addition, we address possible mechanisms of action of miR-451 and its potential application as a biomarker in the diagnosis and treatment of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Bai
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanxi Dayi Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Suhui Wu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanxi Dayi Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
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17
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Bellavia D, Salamanna F, Raimondi L, De Luca A, Carina V, Costa V, Alessandro R, Fini M, Giavaresi G. Deregulated miRNAs in osteoporosis: effects in bone metastasis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3723-3744. [PMID: 31147752 PMCID: PMC11105262 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03162-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Starting from their role exerted on osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation and activity pathways, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been recently identified as regulators of different processes in bone homeostasis. For this purpose, in a recent review, we highlighted, as deregulated miRNAs could be involved in different bone diseases such as osteoporosis. In addition, recent studies supported the concept that osteoporosis-induced bone alterations might offer a receptive site for cancer cells to form bone metastases, However, to date, no data on specific-shared miRNAs between osteoporosis and bone metastases have been considered and described to clarify the evidence of this link. The main goal of this review is to underline as deregulated miRNAs in osteoporosis may have specific roles in the development of bone metastases. The review showed that several circulating osteoporotic miRNAs could facilitate tumor progression and bone-metastasis formation in several tumor types, i.e., breast cancer, prostate cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and multiple myeloma. In detail, serum up-regulation of pro-osteoporotic miRNAs, as well as serum down-regulation of anti-osteoporotic miRNAs are common features of all these tumors and are able to promote bone metastasis. These results are of key importance and could help researcher and clinicians to establish new therapeutic strategies connected with deregulation of circulating miRNAs and able to interfere with pathogenic processes of osteoporosis, tumor progressions, and bone-metastasis formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - F Salamanna
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - L Raimondi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - A De Luca
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - V Carina
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - V Costa
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - R Alessandro
- Section of Biology and Genetics, Department of BioMedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), University of Palermo, 90133, Palermo, Italy
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - M Fini
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - G Giavaresi
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
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18
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Abbaszadegan MR, Keyvani V, Moghbeli M. Genetic and molecular bases of esophageal Cancer among Iranians: an update. Diagn Pathol 2019; 14:97. [PMID: 31470870 PMCID: PMC6717340 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-019-0875-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Background Esophageal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer related deaths among the Iranians. There is still a high ratio of mortality and low 5 years survival which are related to the late onset and diagnosis. Majority of patients refer for the treatment in advanced stages of tumor progression. Main body It is required to define an efficient local panel of diagnostic and prognostic markers for the Iranians. Indeed such efficient specific panel of markers will pave the way to decrease the mortality rate and increase the 5 years survival among the Iranian patients via the early diagnosis and targeted therapy. Conclusion in present review we have reported all of the molecular markers in different signaling pathways and cellular processes which have been assessed among the Iranian esophageal cancer patients until now.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vahideh Keyvani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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19
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Nakamura K, Sawada K, Kobayashi M, Miyamoto M, Shimizu A, Yamamoto M, Kinose Y, Kimura T. Role of the Exosome in Ovarian Cancer Progression and Its Potential as a Therapeutic Target. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081147. [PMID: 31405096 PMCID: PMC6721530 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dissemination is a distinct form of metastasis in ovarian cancer that precedes hematogenic or lymphatic metastasis. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles of 30–150 nm in diameter secreted by different cell types and internalized by target cells. There is emerging evidence that exosomes facilitate the peritoneal dissemination of ovarian cancer by mediating intercellular communication between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment through the transfer of nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. Furthermore, therapeutic applications of exosomes as drug cargo delivery are attracting research interest because exosomes are stabilized in circulation. This review highlights the functions of exosomes in each process of the peritoneal dissemination of ovarian cancer and discusses their potential for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Nakamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Kenjiro Sawada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan.
| | - Masaki Kobayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - Mayuko Miyamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - Aasa Shimizu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - Misa Yamamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - Yasuto Kinose
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Biomedical Research Building II/III, 421 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tadashi Kimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
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20
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Lin M, Zhou C, He S, Yu H, Guo T, Ye J, Feng X, Bian X. The research advances of exosomes in esophageal cancer. Biomark Med 2019; 13:685-695. [PMID: 31161775 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2018-0314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal carcinoma (EC) is one of the most common human digestive tract tumors, with high morbidity and mortality. It is necessary to elucidate the mechanism of cancer progression and seek early EC diagnostic markers for prompt detection and intervention. Exosomes are membrane nanovesicles secreted from many nucleated cells, 30-100 nm in diameter, containing various proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. They exist in peripheral blood, urine, ascites and other body fluids, widely engaged with intercellular material exchange and signal communication. Exosomes secreted from EC cells or tissues conduct important functions in tumor growth and progression. The detection and analysis of tumor-derived or tumor-associated exosomes has potential for EC early diagnosis and prognosis assessment. In the present paper, the exosomes' biological behaviors, isolation, detection and functions in EC progression - using as potential biomarkers for EC diagnosis or prognosis - are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Lin
- Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Taizhou 225300, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Chenglin Zhou
- Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Taizhou 225300, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Siyu He
- Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Taizhou 225300, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Hong Yu
- Pathology Department, Taizhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Taizhou 225300, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Ting Guo
- Clinical Medical Institute, Taizhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Taizhou 225300, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Jun Ye
- Clinical Medical Institute, Taizhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Taizhou 225300, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Xiaoqian Feng
- Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Taizhou 225300, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Xuefeng Bian
- Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Taizhou 225300, Jiangsu Province, PR China
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21
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Khordadmehr M, Jigari-Asl F, Ezzati H, Shahbazi R, Sadreddini S, Safaei S, Baradaran B. A comprehensive review on miR-451: A promising cancer biomarker with therapeutic potential. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:21716-21731. [PMID: 31140618 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are proposed as a family of short noncoding molecules able to manage and control the expression of the gene targets at the posttranscriptional level. They contribute in several fundamental physiological mechanisms as well as a verity of human and animal diseases such as cancer progression. Among these tiny RNAs, miR-451 placed on chromosome 17 at 17q11.2 presents an essential role in many biological processes in health condition and also in pathogenesis of different diseases. Besides, it has been recently considered as a valuable biomarker for cancer detection, prognosis and treatment. Therefore, this review will provide the critical functions of miR-451 on biological mechanisms including cell cycle and proliferation, cell survival and apoptosis, differentiation and development as well as disease initiation and progression such as tumor formation, migration, invasion, and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monireh Khordadmehr
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farinaz Jigari-Asl
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Ezzati
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Roya Shahbazi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sanam Sadreddini
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sahar Safaei
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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22
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Emerging Function and Clinical Values of Exosomal MicroRNAs in Cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 16:791-804. [PMID: 31163321 PMCID: PMC6545365 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are a subset of membrane-bound extracellular vesicles with diameters ranging from 30 to 100 nm. Exosomes enclose a variety of molecules, such as lipids, proteins, and non-coding RNAs. In the past decades, microRNAs (miRNAs) have attracted great attention in cancer research, as they play an important role in the occurrence and development of cancer. Increasing evidence indicates that tumor cells communicate with not only other tumor cells but also cells present in the tumor microenvironment via secretion and transfer of exosomal miRNAs. More importantly, exosomal miRNAs are found to serve as signaling molecules to regulate tumor growth, angiogenesis, metastasis, sensitivity to chemotherapy, and immune evasion. Deregulated expression of exosomal miRNAs is an early event in carcinogenesis and may reflect the malignant characteristics of cancer. Owing to the wide existence and high stability of exosomal miRNAs in body fluids, they may represent a novel class of non-invasive biomarkers for cancer. In this review, we highlight the recent advances on the functional role of exosomal miRNAs in cancer pathogenesis. We also discuss the potential clinical utility of exosome-shuttled miRNAs as biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
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23
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Shen Y, Ding Y, Ma Q, Zhao L, Guo X, Shao Y, Niu C, He Y, Zhang F, Zheng D, Wei W, Liu F. Identification of Novel Circulating miRNA Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Squamous Dysplasia. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2019; 28:1212-1220. [PMID: 30988139 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-18-1199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating miRNAs have been identified as diagnostic biomarkers for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), but their efficacy in discovering early-stage ESCC is still unsatisfying. Esophageal squamous dysplasia (ESD) is the precursor lesion of ESCC. Notably, little is known about the role(s) of circulating miRNAs in identifying ESD. In this study, we, therefore, aimed to identify serum miRNAs as novel diagnostic markers for detecting ESD and ESCC. METHODS The genome-wide miRNA expression was profiled in 104 (52 ESCC and 52 controls) serum samples using microarray. Seven candidate miRNAs from the microarray assay were evaluated for their diagnostic performance in another cohort of 266 participants (96 ESCC, 92 ESD, and 78 healthy controls). RESULTS The serum levels of miR-16-5p, miR-197-5p, miR-451a, and miR-92a-3p were associated with ESCC; the biomarker based on the panel of these four miRNAs could efficiently distinguish patients with ESCC from the controls [AUC = 0.856; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.794-0.905; P < 0.001]. The serum levels of miR-16-5p, miR-320c, miR-638, and miR-92a-3p were significantly higher in patients with ESD than in controls, and this four-miRNA signature could efficiently differentiate patients with ESD from the controls (AUC = 0.842; 95% CI, 0.778-0.893; P < 0.001). In addition, compared with serum carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 199, miRNA-based panels had a better diagnostic performance in distinguishing patients with ESCC and ESD from healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified two novel panels of circulating miRNAs with high efficiency in detecting ESCC and ESD, suggesting that circulating miRNAs, in particular the combination of them, might serve as noninvasive biomarkers for the early detection of ESCC. IMPACT This study suggests the feasibility of using circular miRNA-based blood tests to aid in the detection of ESD and ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanjie Ding
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Ma
- National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Xudong Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Shao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Niu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan He
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Deqiang Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqiang Wei
- National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Fen Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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24
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Li K, Chen Y, Li A, Tan C, Liu X. Exosomes play roles in sequential processes of tumor metastasis. Int J Cancer 2018; 144:1486-1495. [PMID: 30155891 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Overwhelming evidence demonstrates that exosomes, a series of biologically functional small vesicles of endocytic origin carrying a variety of active constituents, especially tumor-derived exosomes, contribute to tumor progression and metastasis. This review focuses on the specific multifaceted roles of exosomes in affecting sequenced four crucial processes of metastasis, through which cancer cells spread from primary to secondary organs and finally form macroscopic metastatic lesions. First, exosomes modulate the primary tumor sites to assist cancer growth and dissemination. In this part, five main biological events are reviewed, including the transfer of oncogenic constituents, the recruitment and activation of fibroblasts, the induction of angiogenesis, immunosuppression and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) promotion. In Step 2, we list two recently disclosed mechanisms during the organ-specific homing process: the exosomal integrin model and exosomal epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/miR-26/hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) model. Subsequently, Step 3 focuses on the interactions between exosomes and pre-metastatic niche, in which we highlight the specific functions of exosomes in angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, immune modulation and metabolic, epigenetic and stromal reprogramming of pre-metastatic niche. Finally, we summarize the mechanisms of exosomes in helping the metastatic circulating tumor cells escape from immunologic surveillance, survive in the blood circulation and proliferate in host organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyu Li
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yonghua Chen
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ang Li
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunlu Tan
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xubao Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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25
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Role of miRNAs in cell signaling of cancer associated fibroblasts. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 101:94-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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26
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Alkasalias T, Moyano-Galceran L, Arsenian-Henriksson M, Lehti K. Fibroblasts in the Tumor Microenvironment: Shield or Spear? Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051532. [PMID: 29883428 PMCID: PMC5983719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumorigenesis is a complex process involving dynamic interactions between malignant cells and their surrounding stroma, including both the cellular and acellular components. Within the stroma, fibroblasts represent not only a predominant cell type, but also a major source of the acellular tissue microenvironment comprising the extracellular matrix (ECM) and soluble factors. Normal fibroblasts can exert diverse suppressive functions against cancer initiating and metastatic cells via direct cell-cell contact, paracrine signaling by soluble factors, and ECM integrity. The loss of such suppressive functions is an inherent step in tumor progression. A tumor cell-induced switch of normal fibroblasts into cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), in turn, triggers a range of pro-tumorigenic signals accompanied by distraction of the normal tissue architecture, thus creating an optimal niche for cancer cells to grow extensively. To further support tumor progression and metastasis, CAFs secrete factors such as ECM remodeling enzymes that further modify the tumor microenvironment in combination with the altered adhesive forces and cell-cell interactions. These paradoxical tumor suppressive and promoting actions of fibroblasts are the focus of this review, highlighting the heterogenic molecular properties of both normal and cancer-associated fibroblasts, as well as their main mechanisms of action, including the emerging impact on immunomodulation and different therapy responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Twana Alkasalias
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Solnavägen 9, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Salahaddin University, Irbil 44002, Kurdistan-Iraq.
| | - Lidia Moyano-Galceran
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Solnavägen 9, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Marie Arsenian-Henriksson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Solnavägen 9, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Kaisa Lehti
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Solnavägen 9, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology and Medicum, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 63, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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27
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Yang F, Ning Z, Ma L, Liu W, Shao C, Shu Y, Shen H. Exosomal miRNAs and miRNA dysregulation in cancer-associated fibroblasts. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:148. [PMID: 28851377 PMCID: PMC5576273 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0718-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The present review aimed to assess the role of exosomal miRNAs in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), normal fibroblasts (NFs), and cancer cells. The roles of exosomal miRNAs and miRNA dysregulation in CAF formation and activation were summarized. Methods All relevant publications were retrieved from the PubMed database, with key words such as CAFs, CAF, stromal fibroblasts, cancer-associated fibroblasts, miRNA, exosomal, exosome, and similar terms. Results Recent studies have revealed that CAFs, NFs, and cancer cells can secrete exosomal miRNAs to affect each other. Dysregulation of miRNAs and exosomal miRNAs influence the formation and activation of CAFs. Furthermore, miRNA dysregulation in CAFs is considered to be associated with a secretory phenotype change, tumor invasion, tumor migration and metastasis, drug resistance, and poor prognosis. Conclusions Finding of exosomal miRNA secretion provides novel insights into communication among CAFs, NFs, and cancer cells. MicroRNA dysregulation is also involved in the whole processes of CAF formation and function. Dysregulation of miRNAs in CAFs can affect the secretory phenotype of the latter cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengming Yang
- Department of Oncology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqiang Ning
- Department of Oncology, The first People's Hospital of Wujiang district, Suzhou, 215200, China
| | - Ling Ma
- Department of Oncology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weitao Liu
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuchu Shao
- Department of Oncology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongqian Shu
- Department of Oncology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China. .,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hua Shen
- Department of Oncology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China. .,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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