1
|
Vincent A, Krishnakumar S, Parameswaran S. Heterozygous RB1 mutation enhanced ATP production in human iPSC-derived retinal organoids. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:606. [PMID: 38704498 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09564-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent in vitro studies using RB1+/- fibroblasts and MSCs have shown molecular and functional disruptions without the need for biallelic loss of RB1. However, this was not reflected in the recent in vitro studies employing RB1+/- retinal organoids. To gain further insights into the molecular disruptions in the RB1+/- retinal organoids, we performed a high throughput RNA sequencing analysis. METHODS AND RESULTS iPSCs were generated from RB1+/+ and RB1+/- OAMSCs derived from retinoblastoma patients. RB1+/+ and RB1+/- iPSCs were subjected to a step-wise retinal differentiation protocol. Retinal differentiation was evaluated by Real-time PCR and flow cytometry analysis of the retinal markers. To gain further insights into the molecular differences in RB1+/- retinal organoids, a high throughput RNA sequencing followed by differential gene expression analysis and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed. The analysis revealed a shift from the regular metabolic process of glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation in the RB1+/- retinal organoids. To investigate further, we performed assays to determine the levels of pyruvate, lactate and ATP in the retinal organoids. The results revealed significant increase in ATP and pyruvate levels in RB1+/- retinal organoids of day 120 compared to that of the RB1+/+. The results thus revealed enhanced ATP production in the RB1+/- retinal organoids. CONCLUSION The study provides novel insights into the metabolic phenotype of heterozygous RB1 mutant suggesting dysregulation of energy metabolism and glycolytic pathways to be first step even before the changes in cellular proliferation or other phenotypic consequences ensue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ambily Vincent
- Radheshyam Kanoi Stem Cell Laboratory, Kamalnayan Bajaj Institute for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Vision Research Foundation, 41, College Road, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed-to-Be University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Subramanian Krishnakumar
- Radheshyam Kanoi Stem Cell Laboratory, Kamalnayan Bajaj Institute for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Vision Research Foundation, 41, College Road, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sowmya Parameswaran
- Radheshyam Kanoi Stem Cell Laboratory, Kamalnayan Bajaj Institute for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Vision Research Foundation, 41, College Road, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang J, Lu L, Zou G, Ye Z, Jin F, Wang L, Ke G, Dong K, Tao L. Transcriptomic Analysis of Retinal Gene in Experimental Retinal Detachment Rats and Exploration of S100A9 and TLR4 in Human Vitreous. Curr Eye Res 2023; 48:1170-1178. [PMID: 37846082 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2023.2254016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To screen for the differentially expressed genes in experimental retinal detachment rats, and to explore the expression of S100 calcium-binding protein A9 and Toll-like receptor 4 in the vitreous of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment patients. METHODS Three rats of experimental retinal detachment and three normal rats were enrolled in the study. Transcriptomics (RNAseq) sequencing technology was used to screen differentially expressed genes in the retinas of the experimental retinal detachment group and the normal group. The selected differentially expressed genes for gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes functional enrichment analysis were performed. In addition, the vitreous of 15 patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and six patients with the control group were collected. The expressions of S100 calcium-binding protein A9 and Toll-like receptor 4 were detected by Elisa, and the differences in expression levels were analyzed statistically. RESULTS A total of 198 differentially expressed genes were screened by RNAseq sequencing, including 118 upregulated genes and 80 downregulated genes. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis confirmed that the most enriched pathway was the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Compared to the normal group, the expressions of suppressor of cytokine signaling-3, Storkhead box-2, S100 calcium-binding protein A9, Spi-1 proto-oncogene, phosphodiesterase 1B, and kinesin-light chain 1 mRNA in the retinas of the experimental retinal detachment rats were up-regulated, and the expressions of Max interacting protein 1 and the voltage-gated sodium 1 were down-regulated. Compared to the control group, the expressions of S100 calcium-binding protein A9 and Toll-like receptor 4 were upregulated by Elisa in the vitreous humor of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment patients with a statistically significant difference (p all <.05). CONCLUSION The differentially expressed genes of experimental retinal detachment rats were suppressor of cytokine signaling-3, Storkhead box-2, S100 calcium-binding protein A9, Spi-1 proto-oncogene, phosphodiesterase 1B, kinesin-light chain 1, Max interacting protein 1, voltage-gated sodium 1, etc. The differences of S100 calcium-binding protein A9 and Toll-like receptor 4 expressions between the rhegmatogenous retinal detachment patients and the control group were statistically significant, indicating that they may play a potential role in the inflammatory process of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Eye Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Li Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Eye Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Gaocheng Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Ziyang Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Eye Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Feiyu Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Eye Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Eye Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Genjie Ke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Eye Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Kai Dong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Eye Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Liming Tao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
MAPK Pathways in Ocular Pathophysiology: Potential Therapeutic Drugs and Challenges. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040617. [PMID: 36831285 PMCID: PMC9954064 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways represent ubiquitous cellular signal transduction pathways that regulate all aspects of life and are frequently altered in disease. Once activated through phosphorylation, these MAPKs in turn phosphorylate and activate transcription factors present either in the cytoplasm or in the nucleus, leading to the expression of target genes and, as a consequence, they elicit various biological responses. The aim of this work is to provide a comprehensive review focusing on the roles of MAPK signaling pathways in ocular pathophysiology and the potential to influence these for the treatment of eye diseases. We summarize the current knowledge of identified MAPK-targeting compounds in the context of ocular diseases such as macular degeneration, cataract, glaucoma and keratopathy, but also in rare ocular diseases where the cell differentiation, proliferation or migration are defective. Potential therapeutic interventions are also discussed. Additionally, we discuss challenges in overcoming the reported eye toxicity of some MAPK inhibitors.
Collapse
|
4
|
Öhman T, Gawriyski L, Miettinen S, Varjosalo M, Loukovaara S. Molecular pathogenesis of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Sci Rep 2021; 11:966. [PMID: 33441730 PMCID: PMC7806834 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80005-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is an ophthalmic emergency, which usually requires prompt surgery to prevent further detachment and restore sensory function. Although several individual factors have been suggested, a systems level understanding of molecular pathomechanisms underlying this severe eye disorder is lacking. To address this gap in knowledge we performed the molecular level systems pathology analysis of the vitreous from 127 patients with RRD using state-of-the art quantitative mass spectrometry to identify the individual key proteins, as well as the biochemical pathways contributing to the development of the disease. RRD patients have specific vitreous proteome profiles compared to other diseases such as macular hole, pucker, or proliferative diabetic retinopathy eyes. Our data indicate that various mechanisms, including glycolysis, photoreceptor death, and Wnt and MAPK signaling, are activated during or after the RRD to promote retinal cell survival. In addition, platelet-mediated wound healing processes, cell adhesion molecules reorganization and apoptotic processes were detected during RRD progression or proliferative vitreoretinopathy formation. These findings improve the understanding of RRD pathogenesis, identify novel targets for treatment of this ophthalmic disease, and possibly affect the prognosis of eyes treated or operated upon due to RRD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiina Öhman
- Institute of Biotechnology and Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, P.O. Box 65, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lisa Gawriyski
- Institute of Biotechnology and Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, P.O. Box 65, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sini Miettinen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, P.O. Box 65, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Varjosalo
- Institute of Biotechnology and Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, P.O. Box 65, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Sirpa Loukovaara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Unit of Vitreoretinal Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4 C, 00290, Helsinki, Finland. .,Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sadigh S, Luo X, Cideciyan AV, Sumaroka A, Boxley SL, Hall LM, Sheplock R, Feuer WJ, Stambolian DS, Jacobson SG. Drusen and photoreceptor abnormalities in African-Americans with intermediate non-neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Curr Eye Res 2014; 40:398-406. [PMID: 24912073 DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2014.925934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE/AIM To investigate the relationship of drusen and photoreceptor abnormalities in African-American (AA) patients with intermediate non-neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). MATERIALS AND METHODS AA patients with intermediate AMD (n = 11; age 52-77 years) were studied with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Macular location and characteristics of large drusen (≥125 µm) were determined. Thickness of photoreceptor laminae was quantified overlying drusen and in other macular regions. A patient with advanced AMD (age 87) was included to illustrate the disease spectrum. RESULTS In this AA patient cohort, the spectrum of changes known to occur in AMD, including large drusen, sub-retinal drusenoid deposits and geographic atrophy, were identified. In intermediate AMD eyes (n = 17), there were 183 large drusen, the majority of which were pericentral in location. Overlying the drusen there was significant thinning of the photoreceptor outer nuclear layer (termed ONL(+)) as well as the inner and outer segments (IS + OS). The reductions in IS + OS thickness were directly related to ONL(+) thickness. In a fraction (∼8%) of paradrusen locations with normal lamination sampled within ∼280 µm of peak drusen height, ONL(+) was significantly thickened compared to age and retinal-location-matched normal values. Topographical maps of the macula confirmed ONL thickening in regions neighboring and distant to large drusen. CONCLUSIONS We confirm there is a pericentral distribution of drusen across AA-AMD maculae rather than the central localization in Caucasian AMD. Reductions in the photoreceptor laminae overlying drusen are evident. ONL(+) thickening in some macular areas of AA-AMD eyes may be an early phenotypic marker for photoreceptor stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sam Sadigh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|