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Wang Y, Xu M, Yao Y, Li Y, Zhang S, Fu Y, Wang X. Extracellular cancer‑associated fibroblasts: A novel subgroup in the cervical cancer microenvironment that exhibits tumor‑promoting roles and prognosis biomarker functions. Oncol Lett 2024; 27:167. [PMID: 38449793 PMCID: PMC10915806 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor invasion and metastasis are the processes that primarily cause adverse outcomes in patients with cervical cancer. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which participate in cancer progression and metastasis, are novel targets for the treatment of tumors. The present study aimed to assess the heterogeneity of CAFs in the cervical cancer microenvironment through single-cell RNA sequencing. After collecting five cervical cancer samples and obtaining the CAF-associated gene sets, the CAFs in the cervical cancer microenvironment were divided into myofibroblastic CAFs and extracellular (ec)CAFs. The ecCAFs appeared with more robust pro-tumorigenic effects than myCAFs according to enrichment analysis. Subsequently, through combining the ecCAF hub genes and bulk gene expression data for cervical cancer obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Ontology databases, univariate Cox regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator analyses were performed to establish a CAF-associated risk signature for patients with cancer. The established risk signature demonstrated a stable and strong prognostic capability in both the training and validation cohorts. Subsequently, the association between the risk signature and clinical data was evaluated, and a nomogram to facilitate clinical application was established. The risk score was demonstrated to be associated with both the tumor immune microenvironment and the therapeutic responses. Moreover, the signature also has predictive value for the prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and bladder urothelial carcinoma, which were also associated with human papillomavirus infection. In conclusion, the present study assessed the heterogeneity of CAFs in the cervical cancer microenvironment, and a subgroup of CAFs that may be closely associated with tumor progression was defined. Moreover, a signature based on the hub genes of ecCAFs was shown to have biomarker functionality in terms of predicting survival rates, and therefore this CAF subgroup may become a therapeutic target for cervical cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehan Wang
- Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Mingxia Xu
- Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Yeli Yao
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Songfa Zhang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Yunfeng Fu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
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2
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Kim SJ, Park M, Choi A, Yoo S. Microbiome and Prostate Cancer: Emerging Diagnostic and Therapeutic Opportunities. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:112. [PMID: 38256945 PMCID: PMC10819128 DOI: 10.3390/ph17010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This review systematically addresses the correlation between the microbiome and prostate cancer and explores its diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Recent research has indicated an association between the urinary and gut microbiome composition and prostate cancer incidence and progression. Specifically, the urinary microbiome is a potential non-invasive biomarker for early detection and risk evaluation, with altered microbial profiles in prostate cancer patients. This represents an advancement in non-invasive diagnostic approaches to prostate cancer. The role of the gut microbiome in the efficacy of various cancer therapies has recently gained attention. Gut microbiota variations can affect the metabolism and effectiveness of standard treatment modalities, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and hormone therapy. This review explores the potential of gut microbiome modification through dietary interventions, prebiotics, probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation for improving the treatment response and mitigating adverse effects. Moreover, this review discusses the potential of microbiome profiling for patient stratification and personalized treatment strategies. While the current research identifies the pivotal role of the microbiome in prostate cancer, it also highlights the necessity for further investigations to fully understand these complex interactions and their practical applications in improving patient outcomes in prostate cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Jin Kim
- Department of Urology, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung 25440, Republic of Korea;
| | - Myungchan Park
- Department of Urology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ahnryul Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medical Convergence, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung 25601, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangjun Yoo
- Department of Urology, SNU-SMG Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07061, Republic of Korea
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3
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Tsydenova IA, Ibragimova MK, Tsyganov MM, Litviakov NV. Human papillomavirus and prostate cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16597. [PMID: 37789036 PMCID: PMC10547781 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43767-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The involvement of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the prostate carcinogenesis is a controversial issue. The presented meta-analysis was carried out to systematize the currently available research results regarding this question. The meta-analysis includes case-control studies from 1991 to 2022, which were collected from publicly available bibliometric databases. The meta-analysis was performed using Meta-Essentials_1.5 software. We used Begg's and Egger's methods to assess publication bias. Cochran's Q test was used to assess heterogeneity and the I2 index was employed for calculating the variation in the pooled estimations. The analysis was based on data from 27 case-control studies, which in total yielded 1607 tumour tissue samples of prostate and 1515 control samples (317 samples of normal tissue, 1198 samples of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)). According to the data obtained, there was high risk of prostate cancer by HPV infection in both cases. HPV was found in prostate cancer in 25.8% of cases, while in normal tissue samples the virus was detected in 9.2% of cases and in 17.4% with BPH as a control. In particular, more studies on the association of HPV and prostate cancer are needed to prove the role of HPV in the development of prostate cancer. In addition to the controversial question of whether HPV infection is associated with prostate cancer risk, it is worth considering whether the samples used as a control have an impact on the results. The impact of HPV in prostate tumour tissue samples on outcome should also be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina A Tsydenova
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia, 634028.
- National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia, 634050.
| | - Marina K Ibragimova
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia, 634028
- National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia, 634050
- Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia, 634050
| | - Matvey M Tsyganov
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia, 634028
| | - Nikolai V Litviakov
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia, 634028
- National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia, 634050
- Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia, 634050
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4
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Mukherjee AG, Ramesh Wanjari U, Valsala Gopalakrishnan A, Jayaraj R, Katturajan R, Kannampuzha S, Murali R, Namachivayam A, Evan Prince S, Vellingiri B, Dey A, Renu K. HPV-associated cancers: insights into the mechanistic scenario and latest updates. Med Oncol 2023; 40:212. [PMID: 37358816 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02085-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Cancer and related diseases are the second leading cause of death worldwide. The human papillomavirus (HPV) is an infectious agent that can be spread mainly through sexual contact and has been linked to several malignancies in both sexes. HPV is linked to almost all cases of cervical cancer. It is also linked to many head and neck cancer (HNC) cases, especially oropharyngeal cancer. Also, some HPV-related cancers, like vaginal, vulvar, penile, and anal cancers, are related to the anogenital area. Over the past few decades, testing for and preventing cervical cancer has improved, but anogenital cancers are still harder to confirm. HPV16 and HPV18 have been extensively researched due to their significant carcinogenic potential. The products of two early viral genes, E6 and E7, have been identified as playing crucial roles in cellular transformation, as emphasized by biological investigations. The complete characterization of numerous mechanisms employed by E6 and E7 in undermining the regulation of essential cellular processes has significantly contributed to our comprehension of HPV-induced cancer progression. This review focuses on the various types of cancers caused by HPV infection and also sheds light on the signaling cascades involved in the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Goutam Mukherjee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Uddesh Ramesh Wanjari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
| | - Rama Jayaraj
- Jindal Institute of Behavioral Sciences (JIBS), Jindal Global Institution of Eminence Deemed to Be University, 28, Sonipat, 131001, India
- Director of Clinical Sciences, Northern Territory Institute of Research and Training, Darwin, NT, 0909, Australia
| | - Ramkumar Katturajan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Sandra Kannampuzha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Reshma Murali
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Arunraj Namachivayam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Sabina Evan Prince
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Stem cell and Regenerative Medicine/Translational Research, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab (CUPB), Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700073, India
| | - Kaviyarasi Renu
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600077, India
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Nellessen T, Ebner B, Pyrgidis N, Ledderose S, Kretschmer A, Marcon J, Teupser D, Mayr D, Faihs V, Stief CG, French LE, Herlemann A, Reinholz M. Characterization of Human Papilloma Virus in Prostate Cancer Patients Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy-A Prospective Study of 140 Patients. Viruses 2023; 15:1264. [PMID: 37376564 DOI: 10.3390/v15061264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The association between human papilloma virus (HPV) and the pathogenesis of prostate cancer (PCa) is still controversial. Existing studies often lack information about clinical risk factors, are limited by their retrospective design or only use a single detection method for HPV. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 140 patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP) for PCa at the Department of Urology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Germany, were prospectively enrolled. Knowledge of HPV and sociodemographic parameters were assessed with questionnaires. The following methods were used for HPV detection: RP specimens were tested for HPV DNA by PCR. If HPV DNA was detected, an LCD-Array hybridization technique was used for HPV subtyping, and immunohistochemical staining for p16 was performed as a surrogate marker for HPV infection. Serological titers of HPV-16 L1 antibodies were measured using an HPV-16-specific immunoassay. RESULTS HPV DNA was detected in 9.3% (13/140) of RP specimens, with HPV-16 being the most predominantly detected subtype (5/13 = 39%). HPV-16 L1 antibody levels were below the limit of detection in 98% of patients (137/140). We found no significant difference between HPV PCR-positive (HPV+) and -negative (HPV-) patients in terms of HPV-16 antibody levels, history of HPV-associated diseases, level of education or marital status. Seventy-five percent of all PCa patients had never heard of HPV before. An acinar adenocarcinoma of the prostate was the most frequently detected histologic type in both HPV+ (100%) and HPV- (98%) patients (p = 0.86). HPV+ patients had fewer positive biopsy cores (3.5 vs. 5.8; p = 0.01) and a lower maximal tumor infiltration rate per core (37% vs. 57%; p = 0.03) compared to HPV- patients. However, when analyzing the whole prostate and the lymph nodes after RP, there were no significant differences in TNM stage, Gleason score or tumor volume between both groups. In a subgroup analysis of all high-risk HPV patients (n = 6), we found no significant differences in sociodemographic, clinical or histopathological parameters compared to HPV- or low-risk HPV+ patients. CONCLUSION In our prospective study, we were not able to prove a clinically significant impact of HPV status on tumor characteristics in RP specimens. Most men with PCa had never heard of HPV, despite its proven causal association with other tumor entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Nellessen
- Department of Urology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Benedikt Ebner
- Department of Urology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Pyrgidis
- Department of Urology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Ledderose
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Kretschmer
- Department of Urology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Julian Marcon
- Department of Urology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Teupser
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Doris Mayr
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Valentina Faihs
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein, Technical University of Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Christian G Stief
- Department of Urology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Lars E French
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Annika Herlemann
- Department of Urology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Reinholz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
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Sosse SA, Laraqui A, Mrabti M, Alami M, Mzibri ME, Ennaji MM. Molecular evaluation of human papillomavirus as an oncogenic biomarker in prostate cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2023:10.1007/s11033-023-08474-6. [PMID: 37217619 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08474-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common tumors in men, regardless of ethnicity and demographics. In many risk factors causing PCa, genes and viral infections are strong candidates for the development of prostate tumors. Indeed, tissue infections of PCa have been reported by the presence of several types of viruses including Human Papillomaviruses (HPV). OBJECTIVE the present study was planned to determine whether HPV DNA could be detected in the blood of known men with prostate cancer and to assess the potential association between HPV infection and clinico-pathological characteristics of the patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS In order to achieve our objectives, 150 liquid blood samples were taken from Moroccan patients, 100 patients with PCa, and 50 control cases. The viral DNA was extracted, calibrated and the target genes were amplified by PCR using specific primers and the use of 2% agarose gel with visualization under UV. RESULTS Of the 100 samples tested, (10%) were infected with HPV), However, none of the control cases were infected with HPV. The analysis of the data made it possible to establish a correlation between the frequency of the viral infection of the human papilloma and the tumoral criteria. CONCLUSION Therefore, this study strengthens the potential role of HPV as a cofactor in prostate cancer development, and we propose that infection with this virus may be involved in the development of PCa metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soukayna Alaoui Sosse
- Team of Virology, Oncology and Biotechnologies. laboratory of Virology, Oncology, Biosciences, Environment and New Energies, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques- Mohammedia, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Abdelilah Laraqui
- Department of urology, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, university of Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Mrabti
- Department of urology, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, university of Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Alami
- Department of urology, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital, university of Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | - Moulay Mustapha Ennaji
- Team of Virology, Oncology and Biotechnologies. laboratory of Virology, Oncology, Biosciences, Environment and New Energies, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques- Mohammedia, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco.
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Lawson JS, Glenn WK. Multiple pathogens and prostate cancer. Infect Agent Cancer 2022; 17:23. [PMID: 35637508 PMCID: PMC9150368 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-022-00427-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this review is to consider whether multiple pathogens have roles in prostate cancer. METHODS We have reviewed case control studies in which infectious pathogens in prostate cancer were compared to normal and benign prostate tissues. We also reviewed additional evidence from relevant published articles. RESULTS We confirmed that high risk human papilloma viruses are a probable cause of prostate cancer. We judged Escherichia coli, Cutibacterium acnes, Neisseria gonorrhoea, Herpes simplex, Epstein Barr virus and Mycoplasmas as each having possible but unproven roles in chronic prostatic inflammation and prostate cancer. We judged Cytomegalovirus, Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis and the Polyoma viruses as possible but unlikely to have a role in prostate cancer. CONCLUSIONS AND ACTIONS The most influential cause of prostate cancer appears to be infection induced chronic inflammation. Given the high prevalence of prostate cancer it is important for action to can be taken without waiting for additional conclusive evidence. These include: 1. Encouragement of all boys (as well as girls) to have HPV vaccines 2. The vigorous use of antibiotics to treat all bacterial pathogens identified in the urogenital tract 3. The use of antiviral medications to control herpes infections 4. Education about safe sexual practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S. Lawson
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052 Australia
| | - Wendy K. Glenn
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052 Australia
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Abumsimir B, Mrabti M, Laraqui A, Ameur A, Koraishi S, Mzibri M, Lamsisi M, Ennaji Y, Almahasneh I, Ennaji M. Molecular characterization of human papillomavirus and mouse mammary tumor virus‑ like infections in prostate cancer tissue and relevance with tumor characteristics. Mol Clin Oncol 2022; 16:97. [PMID: 35400121 PMCID: PMC8985070 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2022.2530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The suspected roles of human Papillomavirus (HPV) and mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) infections in prostate tumor development were recently reported. To detect the frequency of HPV and MMTV-like infections and clinical correlates of tumor characteristics, DNA samples from 50 men treated at Teaching Hospital of Rabat City (Morocco) between June 2017 and February 2019, were genotyped and confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Eight infections of HPV18 and two infections of MMTV-like were detected, and 50% of patients were at a Gleason score of 6. A significant association between Gleason score and HPV or MMTV-like infection was noted (P=0.0008); 90% of patients with viral infections presented with T1 and T2 pathological stage tumors. Yet, no significant differences were found between infected and noninfected men regarding other pathological parameters including prostate-specific antigen (PSA), tumor histological stage, age at diagnosis and radical prostatectomy treatment (P=0.2179, 0.4702, 0.8101, and 0.9644, respectively). The molecular evolution of HPV and MMTV in comparison with previously aligned sequences was discussed. Our findings provide a highlight on the correlations between the clinical-pathological parameters of prostate tumors and HPV and MMTV infections. Prospective studies with a wide sample size are needed for more statistical clarification of the association between viral infections with prostate tumor criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berjas Abumsimir
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Centre (PDRC), Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Al‑Ahliyya Amman University (AAU), Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Mohammed Mrabti
- Research and Biosafety Laboratory, Mohammed V Construction Teaching Hospital, Rabat 6203, Morocco
| | - Abdelilah Laraqui
- Research and Biosafety Laboratory, Mohammed V Construction Teaching Hospital, Rabat 6203, Morocco
| | - Ahmed Ameur
- Research and Biosafety Laboratory, Mohammed V Construction Teaching Hospital, Rabat 6203, Morocco
| | - Saad Koraishi
- Innovation Centre, LBM Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University‑Fes, Fes 1796, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Mzibri
- Biology and Medical Research Unit, CNESTEN‑Rabat, Rabat 1382, Morocco
| | - Maryame Lamsisi
- Team of Virology, Cancerology, and Medical Biotechnologies, Laboratory of Virology, Microbiology, Quality and Medical Biotechnologies/ETB, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques‑Mohammedia, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Mohammedia 20650, Morocco
| | - Youssef Ennaji
- Team of Virology, Cancerology, and Medical Biotechnologies, Laboratory of Virology, Microbiology, Quality and Medical Biotechnologies/ETB, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques‑Mohammedia, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Mohammedia 20650, Morocco
| | - Ihsan Almahasneh
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Moulay Ennaji
- Team of Virology, Cancerology, and Medical Biotechnologies, Laboratory of Virology, Microbiology, Quality and Medical Biotechnologies/ETB, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques‑Mohammedia, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Mohammedia 20650, Morocco
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9
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Infection with Human Papillomavirus as a Potential Risk Factor for Prostate Cancer: A Case-control Study. ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/archcid.107137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Prostate cancer is one of the most frequent cancers in men, with several risk factors, including infection. In this study, we aimed to assess the association of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection with prostate cancer risk and aggressiveness. Methods: This case-control study was performed on a total of 70 archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) prostatic tissue blocks. Among them, 35 histopathologically confirmed prostate cancer tissues and 35 benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) samples were enrolled as cases and controls, respectively. The specimens were examined by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in situ hybridization for the detection of HPV DNA of both low-risk (6, 11) and high-risk (16, 18) types. Results: The primary results of PCR for the L1 region revealed HPV infection in 34.3% and 8.6% of the cases and controls, respectively (P = 0.018). The HPV typing using hybridization revealed a significant difference between the two groups in terms of infection with HPV types 16 and 18 (P = 0.003, P = 0.028, respectively). The findings showed no significant association of HPV infection with age and prostate specific antigen (PSA) level of the patients. In addition, no significant association was found between infection with HPV and Gleason score (GS). Conclusions: Our findings indicated that HPV infection, especially with high-risk types 16 and 18, has a significant association with prostatic carcinogenesis. In addition, although patients with GS = 7 showed higher rates of infection with HPV, we did not observe any statistical association between HPV infection and GS.
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10
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Kombe Kombe AJ, Li B, Zahid A, Mengist HM, Bounda GA, Zhou Y, Jin T. Epidemiology and Burden of Human Papillomavirus and Related Diseases, Molecular Pathogenesis, and Vaccine Evaluation. Front Public Health 2021; 8:552028. [PMID: 33553082 PMCID: PMC7855977 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.552028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnosed in more than 90% of cervical cancers, the fourth deadliest cancer in women, human papillomavirus (HPV) is currently the most common pathogen responsible for female cancers. Moreover, HPV infection is associated with many other diseases, including cutaneous and anogenital warts, and genital and upper aerodigestive tract cancers. The incidence and prevalence of these pathologies vary considerably depending on factors including HPV genotype, regional conditions, the study population, and the anatomical site sampled. Recently, features of the cervicovaginal microbiota are found to be associated with the incidence of HPV-related diseases, presenting a novel approach to identify high-risk women through both blood and cervical samples. Overall, the HPV repartition data show that HPV infection and related diseases are more prevalent in developing countries. Moreover, the available (2-, 4-, and 9-valent) vaccines based on virus-like particles, despite their proven effectiveness and safety, present some limitations in terms of system development cost, transport cold chain, and oncogenic HPV variants. In addition, vaccination programs face some challenges, leading to a considerable burden of HPV infection and related diseases. Therefore, even though the new (9-valent) vaccine seems promising, next-generation vaccines as well as awareness programs associated with HPV vaccination and budget reinforcements for immunization are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud John Kombe Kombe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Gabonese Scientific Research Consortium, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Bofeng Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Ayesha Zahid
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Hylemariam Mihiretie Mengist
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Guy-Armel Bounda
- Gabonese Scientific Research Consortium, Libreville, Gabon.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Sinomedica Co., Ltd., Mong Kok, Hong Kong
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Tengchuan Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Chinese Academy of Science Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai, China
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11
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Lawson JS, Glenn WK. Evidence for a causal role by human papillomaviruses in prostate cancer - a systematic review. Infect Agent Cancer 2020; 15:41. [PMID: 32684946 PMCID: PMC7359253 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-020-00305-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is hypothesised that high risk for cancer human papillomaviruses (HPVs) have a causal role in prostate cancer. In 26 case control studies, high risk HPVs have been identified in benign and prostate cancers. High risk HPVs were identified in 325 (22.6%) of 1284 prostate cancers and in 113 (8.6%) of 1313 normal or benign prostate controls (p = 0.001). High risk HPVs of the same type have been identified in both normal and benign prostate tissues prior to the development of HPV positive prostate cancer. High risk HPVs can be associated with inflammatory prostatitis leading to benign prostate hyperplasia and later prostate cancer. Normal human prostate epithelial cells can be immortalised by experimental exposure to HPVs. HPVs are probably sexually transmitted. The role of HPVs in prostate cancer is complex and differs from HPVs associated cervical cancer. HPV infections may initiate prostate oncogenesis directly and influence oncogenesis indirectly via APOBEC enzymes. HPVs may collaborate with other pathogens in prostate oncogenesis. Although HPVs are only one of many pathogens that have been identified in prostate cancer, they are the only infectious pathogen which can be prevented by vaccination. A causal role for HPVs in prostate cancer is highly likely.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Lawson
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Wendy K Glenn
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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12
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Moghoofei M, Keshavarz M, Ghorbani S, Babaei F, Nahand JS, Tavakoli A, Mortazavi HS, Marjani A, Mostafaei S, Monavari SH. Association between human papillomavirus infection and prostate cancer: A global systematic review and meta-analysis. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2019; 15:e59-e67. [PMID: 30740893 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.13124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although an increasing number of studies have been conducted to evaluate the association between human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and distribution of HPV types worldwide with the risk of prostate cancer (PC), the results remain inadequate. Hence, we investigated the association between HPV infection and PC risk using a meta-analysis. Relevant studies from January 1990 to December 2016 were searched in PubMed, Web of sciences, and Scopus databases. Pooled odds ratio (OR) and their corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to find the association between the prevalence of HPV and prostate cancer risk. To do so, data from 24 studies with 5546 prostate cancer cases were pooled in order to evaluate the heterogeneity of chief parameters including study region, specimen type, HPV DNA source, detection technique, publication calendar period, and Gleason score. All statistical analyses were performed using STATA 11 and MedCalc 13. A significant positive association was found between HPV infection and PC risk (OR = 1.281; P = 0.026). The genotype 16 was more frequently found in patients with PC which significantly increased the cancer risk (OR = 1.60; P < 0.001). Age 65 and older could significantly escalate PC risk (OR = 3.564; P < 0.001). Our results clearly favor the potential pathogenetic link between HPV infection and increased risk of PC affirming that HPV infections could play a part in the risk of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Moghoofei
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohsen Keshavarz
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Ghorbani
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Babaei
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Javid Sadri Nahand
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Tavakoli
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Helya Sadat Mortazavi
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezoo Marjani
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shayan Mostafaei
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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13
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Cai T, Di Vico T, Durante J, Tognarelli A, Bartoletti R. Human papilloma virus and genitourinary cancers: a narrative review. MINERVA UROL NEFROL 2018; 70:579-587. [PMID: 30160386 DOI: 10.23736/s0393-2249.18.03141-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human papilloma virus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted pathogen and its potential role in the genesis of several diseases such as cervical, head and neck, anal and penile cancers, is now largely recognized. Aim of this review article was to evaluate and summarize the state of the art of HPV-related urogenital cancers, focusing on the potentially innovative methods for the diagnosis of infection that should be used to improve viral causative detection and prevent its diffusion through sexual intercourses. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION The initial search was carried out by using the Medline and the Google Scholar computerized databases through the selected key-words to identify the more recent literature on HPV epidemiology and its relationship with the main relevant urinary tract cancers. Studies were selected, extracted, analyzed and summarized. The PRISMA statement criteria were adopted and reported. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Polymerase chain reaction assay (HPV test) represents the best option for the diagnosis of HPV infection. Difficulties for the diagnosis in male are due to the site of investigation (glans, sub coronal sulcus, scrotum, urine, sperm) and the method adopted to take the sample (brushing, tissue biopsy). Due to these reasons several studies analyzed seemed to be incomparable. HPV infection is generally found in about 20% of heterosexual men. Its connection with cervical, anal, head and neck and penile cancer has been previously evidenced in 90%, 60%, 68% and 40% of cases respectively. In particular, HPV infection differed significantly among penile squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) subtypes ranging from 22.4% in verrucous subtype to 66.3% for the basaloid/warty subtype. Although the connection between prostate cancer and HPV infection has never been previously confirmed, forest plot analysis relative to a series of nine studies done during the last ten years, demonstrated a 7.7 objective risk (OR) for subjects with HPV infection to develop subsequent prostate cancer. On the other hand, some authors found comparable results in subjects with prostate cancer, benign prostate hyperplasia and prostate inflammation, thus demonstrating that this link still remains questionable. Similarly, the connection between HPV infection and urothelial, testicular and renal cancer continue to be hotly debated although HPV has been found in the urine, semen and renal tissue of patients respectively. CONCLUSIONS Integrated parts of HPV (E6 and E7 fractions) have been previously found in cervical, head and neck, anal and penile cancers. Conversely, although the evidence of concomitant HPV infection, integrated viral genome in cancer cells DNA had never been demonstrated in all the other genito-urinary tract cancers, and its role in the tumor genesis remain still largely debated. This is the reason why HPV infection should be tested in all patients with genitourinary cancer to better investigate about its potential role in the tumor genesis and development. Moreover, HPV infection option should be kept in mind when considering possible viral transmission to sexual partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Cai
- Unit of Urology, Santa Chiara Hospital, Trento, Italy
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14
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The high-risk HPV infection and urinary system tumor. INFECTION INTERNATIONAL 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/ii-2018-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractHPV is classified into high-risk and low-risk types depending on its probability of leading to tumorigenesis. Many studies have shown that HPV infection, especially the infection caused by the high-risk type, is always related to prostate cancer, bladder cancer, penile cancer, testicular cancer, and other urinary system tumors. However, previous studies differed in sexual openness and racial genetic susceptibility of the study object, sample size, and experimental methods. Hence, the correlation between high-risk HPV infection and urinary system tumors remains controversial. The early open reading frame of the HPV genome is composed of E1–E7, among which E6 and E7 are the key transfer proteins. The combination of these proteins with oncogene and anti-oncogene may be one of the mechanisms leading to tumorigenesis.
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15
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Glenn WK, Ngan CC, Amos TG, Edwards RJ, Swift J, Lutze-Mann L, Shang F, Whitaker NJ, Lawson JS. High risk human papilloma viruses (HPVs) are present in benign prostate tissues before development of HPV associated prostate cancer. Infect Agent Cancer 2017; 12:46. [PMID: 28811834 PMCID: PMC5553674 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-017-0157-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although high risk HPVs are associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer it is not known if they have a causal role. The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential role of human papilloma viruses (HPVs) in prostate cancer. The aims are (i) to investigate the presence and confirm the identity of high risk HPVs in benign prostate tissues prior to the development of HPV positive prostate cancer in the same patients, and (ii) to determine if HPVs are biologically active. Methods We used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to identify HPVs in specimens from 52 Australian men with benign prostate biopsies who 1 to 10 years later developed prostate cancer. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to assess the expression of HPV E7 oncoproteins, cytokeratin and prostate specific antigen (PSA). We used RNASeq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to identify possible HPV RNA sequences in prostate cancer. Results HPV screening using standard PCR was conducted on 28 of the 52 sets of benign and later prostate cancers. HPV L1 genes were identified in 13 (46%) benign and 8 (29%) of 28 later prostate cancers in the same patients. HPV E7 genes were identified in 23 (82%) benign and 19 (68%) of 28 subsequent prostate cancers in the same patients. The same HPV types were present in both the benign and subsequent prostate cancers in 9 sets of specimens. HPV type 16 was identified in 15% of benign and 3% of prostate cancers. HPV type 18 was identified in 26% of benign and 16% of prostate cancers. Small numbers of HPV types 45, 47, 76 and 115 were also identified. High confidence RNA-Seq evidence for high risk HPV types 16 and 18 was identified in 12 (2%) of the 502 TCGA prostate cancer transcriptomes. High risk HPV E7 oncoprotein was positively expressed in 23 (82%) of 28 benign prostate specimens but only in 8 (29%) of 28 of the later prostate cancer specimens. This difference is statistically significant (p = 0.001). Prostate specific antigen (PSA) was more highly expressed in 26 (50%) of 52 prostate cancer specimens as compared to prior benign prostate specimens in the same patients. Conclusions High risk HPVs are present in benign prostate tissues prior to the development of HPV positive prostate cancer. There is a significantly higher expression of HPV E7 oncoproteins in benign prostate tissues as compared to late prostate cancer that subsequently developed in the same patients. This observation suggests that HPV oncogenic activity is an early phenomenon in a majority of prostate oncogenesis. TCGA RNA-Seq data suggests that HPV is biologically active in some prostate tumour samples. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13027-017-0157-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy K Glenn
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Christopher C Ngan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Timothy G Amos
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Richard J Edwards
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Joshua Swift
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Louise Lutze-Mann
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Fei Shang
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Noel J Whitaker
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - James S Lawson
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
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16
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Yin B, Liu W, Yu P, Liu C, Chen Y, Duan X, Liao Z, Chen Y, Wang X, Pan X, Tao Z. Association between human papillomavirus and prostate cancer: A meta-analysis. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:1855-1865. [PMID: 28789421 PMCID: PMC5529902 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Observational studies have suggested an association between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the risk of prostate cancer (PCa). However, the association between HPV infection and the risk of PCa remains unclear. The aim of the present meta-analysis study was to investigate whether HPV serves a role in increasing the risk of PCa. Relevant previous studies up to May 2015 were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Wan Fang database and China Biomedical Literature Database. A random-effects model or fixed-effects model was employed to determine odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), when appropriate. Heterogeneity was evaluated using Q and I2 statistical analysis. A total of 24 case-control studies involving 971 patients and 1,085 controls were investigated to estimate the association between HPV infection and PCa risk. The pooled estimate for OR was 2.27 (95% CI, 1.40-3.69). Stratified pooled analyses were subsequently performed according to the HPV detection methods, geographical regions, publication years and types of tissue. Sensitivity analysis based on various exclusion criteria maintained the significance with respect to PCa individually. Little evidence of publication bias was observed. The meta-analysis suggested that HPV infection is associated with increasing risk of PCa, which indicated a potential pathogenetic link between HPV and PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Pan Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Chunhua Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Xiuzhi Duan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoping Liao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Yuhua Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Xuchu Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Zhihua Tao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
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17
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Aydin M, Bozkurt A, Cikman A, Gulhan B, Karabakan M, Gokce A, Alper M, Kara M. Lack of evidence of HPV etiology of prostate cancer following radical surgery and higher frequency of the Arg/Pro genotype in Turkish men with prostate cancer. Int Braz J Urol 2017; 43:36-46. [PMID: 28124524 PMCID: PMC5293381 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2015.0429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the possible role of HPV in the development of prostate cancer (PCa) and investigate the distribution of the p53 codon 72 polymorphism in PCa in a Turkish population. Materials and methods A total of 96 tissues, which had been obtained using a radical surgery method, formalin-fixed and parafin-embedded, were used in this study. The study group consisted of 60 PCa tissues (open radical prostatectomy) and the control group contained 36 benign prostatic hyperplasia tissues (BPH) (transvesical open prostatectomy). The presence of HPV and the p53 codon 72 polymorphism was investigated in both groups using real-time PCR and pyrosequencing. Results The results of the real-time PCR showed no HPV DNA in any of the 36 BPH tissue samples. HPV-DNA was positive in only 1 of the 60 PCa samples (1.7%). The HPV type of this sample was identified as HPV-57. The distribution of the three genotypes, Arg/Arg, Arg/Pro and Pro/Pro was found to be 45.6, 45.6, and 8.8% in the PCa group and 57.1%, 34.3% and 8.6% in the control group, respectively. Compared with the control group, patients with PCa had a higher frequency of the Arg/Pro genotype and Proline allele (odds ratio (OR)=1.67, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.68-4.09, p=0.044; OR=1.13, 95% CI=0.76-1.68, p=0.021, respectively). Conclusions The results of the study do not support the hyphothesis that prostate cancer is associated with HPV infection but indicated that Proline allele can be a risk factor in the development of PCa in the Turkish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Aydin
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Aliseydi Bozkurt
- Department of Urology, Erzincan University, Mengucek Gazi Training and Research Hospital, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Aytekin Cikman
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Baris Gulhan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Karabakan
- Department of Urology, Erzincan University, Mengucek Gazi Training and Research Hospital, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Aysun Gokce
- Department of Pathology, Dıskapı Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat Alper
- Department of Pathology, Dıskapı Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat Kara
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey
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18
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Zhao X, Zhou Z, Chen Y, Chen W, Ma H, Pu J. Role of antibodies to human papillomavirus 16 in prostate cancer: A seroscreening by peptide microarray. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317698371. [PMID: 28618964 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317698371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence is accumulating in estimating the potential role of human papillomavirus infection in prostate carcinogenesis. However, the results remain inconclusive. We measured the serostatus of antibodies to one of the high-risk human papillomaviruses, human papillomavirus 16, with a newly developed peptide microarray. Serum samples were collected from 75 untreated prostate cancer patients, along with 80 control subjects. We identified 12 peptides with significant differences in prostate cancer samples from all 241 peptides derived from human papillomavirus 16. Our results showed human papillomavirus 16 infection in 64.0% of prostate cancer serum samples, which is significantly different compared with the controls ( p < 0.01) because only 17.5% of the control serum was considered seropositive. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve was 0.793 (95% confidence interval 0.721-0.864), indicating that the new microarray technique may have diagnostic value. The results showed an association between serological evidence for human papillomavirus 16 infection and risk of prostate cancer. The different serostatus of antibodies in the two subgroups indicated that human papillomavirus 16 infection might occur and play a potential role of progression in a minority of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Zhao
- 1 Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- 1 Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ye Chen
- 1 Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wen Chen
- 2 Suzhou SJ Biomaterials Co., Ltd, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Ma
- 3 Nano-Bio-Chem Centre, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jinxian Pu
- 1 Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
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19
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Babakhani F, Azad TM, Kondori N, Jalilvand S, Mozhgani SH, Ghavami N, Farzanehpour M, Babaei F. Detection of HPV genotypes and their association with p53 codon 72 polymorphism in prostate cancer. Future Virol 2017. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2017-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aim: In this study, we focused on the p53 codon 72 polymorphism and HPV infections as a possible contributing factor in susceptibility to prostate cancer (PCa). Methods: Eighty histopathologically confirmed prostate biopsies comprising of 40 cancer cases and 40 benign prostate hyperplasia cases were used. Results: A significant difference was not observed between HPV presence and PCa progression. Our results showed that the p53 protein with Arg (p53-Arg72) variant contributes to the development of PCa. Conclusion: There is a near-significant association between Arg/Arg polymorphism and PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Babakhani
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Talat Mokhtari Azad
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Kondori
- Pediatric Department, Faculty Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Somayeh Jalilvand
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayed-Hamidreza Mozhgani
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nastaran Ghavami
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Farzanehpour
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Babaei
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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20
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Araujo-Neto AP, Ferreira-Fernandes H, Amaral CMM, Santos LG, Freitas AC, Silva-Neto JC, Rey JA, Burbano RR, Silva BBD, Yoshioka FKN, Pinto GR. Lack of detection of human papillomavirus DNA in prostate carcinomas in patients from northeastern Brazil. Genet Mol Biol 2016; 39:24-9. [PMID: 27007894 PMCID: PMC4807381 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2015-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer among men in western populations, and despite its high mortality, its etiology remains unknown. Inflammatory processes are related to the etiology of various types of tumors, and prostate inflammation, in particular, has been associated with prostate cancer carcinogenesis and progression. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with benign and malignant lesions in the anogenital tract of both females and males. The possible role of HPV in prostate carcinogenesis is a subject of great controversy. In this study, we aimed to examine the prevalence of HPV infections in prostate carcinomas of patients from northeastern Brazil. This study included 104 tissue samples from primary prostate carcinoma cases. HPV DNA was purified and then amplified using MY09/11 and GP5+/GP6+ degenerate primer sets that detect a wide range of HPV types, and with specific PCR primers sets for E6 and E7 HPV regions to detect HPV 16. None of the samples showed amplification products of HPV DNA for primer sets MY09/11 and GP5+/GP6+, or the specific primer set for the E6 and E7 HPV regions. HPV infection, thus, does not seem to be one of the causes of prostate cancer in the population studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari P Araujo-Neto
- Laboratório de Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Piauí, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - Hygor Ferreira-Fernandes
- Laboratório de Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Piauí, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - Carolina M M Amaral
- Departamento de Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Lina G Santos
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Antônio C Freitas
- Departamento de Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Jacinto C Silva-Neto
- Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Juan A Rey
- Molecular Oncogenetics Laboratory, Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rommel R Burbano
- Laboratório de Citogenética Humana, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | | | - France K N Yoshioka
- Laboratório de Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Piauí, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - Giovanny R Pinto
- Laboratório de Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Piauí, Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
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Yang L, Xie S, Feng X, Chen Y, Zheng T, Dai M, Ke Zhou C, Hu Z, Li N, Hang D. Worldwide Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus and Relative Risk of Prostate Cancer: A Meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14667. [PMID: 26441160 PMCID: PMC4594101 DOI: 10.1038/srep14667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the increasing number of studies conducted recently to evaluate the association between HPV infections and the risk of prostate cancer, the results remain inconclusive. Furthermore, the prevalence and distribution of overall and individual HPV types worldwide in prostate cancer has not been reported until now. Therefore, we estimated the prevalence of HPV in prostate cancer by pooling data of 46 studies with 4919 prostate cancer cases, taking into account the heterogeneity of major related parameters, including study region, specimen type, HPV DNA source, detection method, publication calendar period and Gleason score. Moreover, we tested the association of HPV infections with prostate cancer risks by a meta-analysis of 26 tissue-based case-control studies. We found that the prevalence of HPV infection was 18.93% (95% CI = 17.84-20.05%) in prostate cancer cases, and most of which were high-risk HPV types (17.73%, 95% CI = 16.52-18.99%). The prevalence varied by region, PCR primers used, publication calendar period and Gleason score. Our study also showed a significantly increased risk of prostate cancer with the positivity of overall HPV detected in prostate tissues (OR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.29-2.49) and revealed the geographic variation of association strength (P < 0.001). In conclusion, HPV infections may contribute to the risk of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- National Office for Cancer Prevention and Control, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of hospital infection control, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Fourth Medical College of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuanghua Xie
- National Office for Cancer Prevention and Control, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Feng
- National Office for Cancer Prevention and Control, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuheng Chen
- National Office for Cancer Prevention and Control, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tongzhang Zheng
- School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Min Dai
- National Office for Cancer Prevention and Control, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Cindy Ke Zhou
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhibin Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Ni Li
- National Office for Cancer Prevention and Control, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Hang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, China
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Bae JM. Human papillomavirus 16 infection as a potential risk factor for prostate cancer: an adaptive meta-analysis. Epidemiol Health 2015; 37:e2015005. [PMID: 25687950 PMCID: PMC4371392 DOI: 10.4178/epih/e2015005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although an expert review published in 2013 concluded that an association between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and prostate cancer (PCa) risk had not yet been firmly established, a 2011 systematic review of 14 articles revealed an increased prevalence of HPV-16 DNA in PCa tissues. Another meta-analysis of the related articles is needed to evaluate the potential link between HPV infection and PCa risk. METHODS A snowballing search strategy was applied to the previously cited articles in the above-mentioned expert review and systematic review. Additional articles selected for this meta-analysis should fulfill all following inclusion criteria: (a) evaluation of detected HPV-16 DNA in tissue samples and the PCa risk and (b) report of the HPV-16 prevalence in both cancer and control tissues. Estimated summary odds ratios (sOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using fixed effect or random-effect models. RESULTS Hand searching identified 16 new articles. The sOR of the total 30 articles indicated a significant HPV-16 infection-related increase in the PCa risk (sOR, 1.851; 95% CI, 1.353 to 2.532, I(2)=37.82%). CONCLUSIONS These facts provide additional supportive evidence for a causal role of HPV-16 infection in prostate carcinogenesis. As the PCa incidence rates have increased rapidly in Asian countries, including Korea, during the last several decades, further studies of HPV-related PCa carcinogenesis may be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Myon Bae
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
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Implication of high risk human papillomavirus HR-HPV infection in prostate cancer in Indian population--a pioneering case-control analysis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:7822. [PMID: 25592643 PMCID: PMC4296305 DOI: 10.1038/srep07822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer with sexual history as a consistent risk factor. This is the pioneering study that evaluates the frequency of HPV infection in prostate cancer in India. Ninety five (95) histopathologically confirmed cancer and fifty five (55) BPH from Indian population were analyzed for HPV infection using a pair of consensus sequence primer followed by type specific PCRs for both high-risk and low-risk HPV types. The data demonstrate HPV infection in 41% of prostate tumor biopsies and 20% in BPH. Subsequent PCR- based HPV typing using type - specific primers revealed 32% were infected with HPV type 16 whereas 6% were found to be positive for HPV type 18, while in BPH controls only 5% of the BPH controls were infected with HPV 16 and this difference was highly significant (p = 0.0004). Significant proportion of HPV infected (74%) cases belonged to stage III and IV (p < 0.001) with a high Gleason score ≥8 (p = 0.003). The study represents for the first time the incidence of HPV infection in prostate cancer in Indian population and strengthens the hypothesis that HPV infection could be one of the co factor associated with progression of prostate cancer.
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Ghasemian E, Monavari SHR, Irajian GR, Jalali Nodoshan MR, Roudsari RV, Yahyapour Y. Evaluation of human papillomavirus infections in prostatic disease: a cross-sectional study in Iran. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 14:3305-8. [PMID: 23803120 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.5.3305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of inflammation in prostate diseases is suggested by the presence of inflammatory cells within the prostate in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa) patients. In addition, bacterial and viral infection may lead to chronic and recurrent inflammation of the prostate. The human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are a family of sexually transmitted viruses which have been implicated in the aetiology of cervical cancer and several other malignancies. This study evaluated the frequency of HPV infection in individuals with prostatic disease in Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included formalin fixed paraffin- embedded tissue samples of 196 primary prostate cases, including 29 PCa and 167 BPH samples. HPV DNA was purified and amplified through MY09/MY11 and GP5+/GP6+ primers with nested PCR. All patients were interviewed using a questionnaire to collect demographic information. RESULTS Nested PCR showed that HPV DNA was found in 17.2 percent of PCa samples and 4.8 percent of BPH samples (not significant). CONCLUSIONS Our data do not support a significant role of HPV infection in prostatic disease in Iranian patients, but demographic data indicated a probable association between presence of HPV DNA and risk of inflammation in prostate tissue which might lead to prostate carcinoma. Further studies are required to elucidate any roles of HPV infection in prostatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Ghasemian
- Department of Microbiology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fars, Iran
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25
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Pascale M, Pracella D, Barbazza R, Marongiu B, Roggero E, Bonin S, Stanta G. Is human papillomavirus associated with prostate cancer survival? DISEASE MARKERS 2013; 35:607-13. [PMID: 24288430 PMCID: PMC3830784 DOI: 10.1155/2013/735843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in prostate carcinogenesis is highly controversial: some studies suggest a positive association between HPV infection and an increased risk of prostate cancer (PCa), whereas others do not reveal any correlation. In this study, we investigated the prognostic impact of HPV infection on survival in 150 primary PCa patients. One hundred twelve (74.67%) patients had positive expression of HPV E7 protein, which was evaluated in tumour tissue by immunohistochemistry. DNA analysis on a subset of cases confirmed HPV infection and revealed the presence of genotype 16. In Kaplan-Meier analysis, HPV-positive cancer patients showed worse overall survival (OS) (median 4.59 years) compared to HPV-negative (median 8.24 years, P = 0.0381). In multivariate analysis age (P < 0.001), Gleason score (P < 0.001), nuclear grading (P = 0.002), and HPV status (P = 0.034) were independent prognostic factors for OS. In our cohort, we observed high prevalence of HPV nuclear E7 oncoprotein and an association between HPV infection and PCa survival. In the debate about the oncogenic activity of HPV in PCa, our results further confirm the need for additional studies to clarify the possible role of HPV in prostate carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariarosa Pascale
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Ospedale San Giovanni, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Danae Pracella
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Hospital, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Renzo Barbazza
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Hospital, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Barbara Marongiu
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Ospedale San Giovanni, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Enrico Roggero
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Ospedale San Giovanni, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Serena Bonin
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Hospital, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giorgio Stanta
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Hospital, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
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Whitaker NJ, Glenn WK, Sahrudin A, Orde MM, Delprado W, Lawson JS. Human papillomavirus and Epstein Barr virus in prostate cancer: Koilocytes indicate potential oncogenic influences of human papillomavirus in prostate cancer. Prostate 2013; 73:236-41. [PMID: 22851253 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study is to determine if high risk human papillomaviruses (HPV) and Epstein Barr virus (EBV) are both present in the same prostate cancer specimens. METHODS We used a range of analytical techniques including in situ polymerase chain reaction (IS-PCR) and standard liquid PCR followed by sequencing of the product to seek to identify HPV and EBV in normal, benign, and malignant prostate tissues. RESULTS Both HPV type 18 and EBV gene sequences were identified in a high and approximately equal proportion of normal, benign, and prostate cancer specimens. These sequences were located in the nuclei of prostate epithelial cells. HPV associated koilocytes were identified in 24% of prostate cancer specimens. CONCLUSIONS The presence of both HPV and EBV gene sequences in most of the same normal, benign, and malignant prostate specimens is particularly noteworthy because of recent experimental evidence demonstrating that EBV and HPV can collaborate to increase proliferation of cultured cervical cells. Because the presence of EBV and HPV in normal, benign, and malignant prostate tissues appears to be ubiquitous, it is possible that they are harmless. On the other hand HPV type 18 in particular, has high oncogenic potential and may be associated with some prostate cancers. The identification of HPV associated koilocytes in prostate cancer specimens is an indication of HPV infection and potential oncogenic influences of human papillomavirus in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel J Whitaker
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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