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Miyani B, Li Y, Guzman HP, Briceno RK, Vieyra S, Hinojosa R, Xagoraraki I. Bioinformatics-based screening tool identifies a wide variety of human and zoonotic viruses in Trujillo-Peru wastewater. One Health 2024; 18:100756. [PMID: 38798735 PMCID: PMC11127556 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Peru was one of the most affected countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, multiple other viral diseases (enteric, respiratory, bloodborne, and vector-borne) are endemic and rising. According to Peru's Ministry of Health, various health facilities in the country were reallocated for the COVID-19 pandemic, thereby leading to reduced action to curb other diseases. Many viral diseases in the area are under-reported and not recognized. The One Health approach, in addition to clinical testing, incorporates environmental surveillance for detection of infectious disease outbreaks. The purpose of this work is to use a screening tool that is based on molecular methods, high throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis of wastewater samples to identify virus-related diseases circulating in Trujillo-Peru. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the tool, we collected nine untreated wastewater samples from the Covicorti wastewater utility in Trujillo-Peru on October 22, 2022. High throughput metagenomic sequencing followed by bioinformatic analysis was used to assess the viral diversity of the samples. Our results revealed the presence of sequences associated with multiple human and zoonotic viruses including Orthopoxvirus, Hepatovirus, Rhadinovirus, Parechovirus, Mamastrovirus, Enterovirus, Varicellovirus, Norovirus, Kobuvirus, Bocaparvovirus, Simplexvirus, Spumavirus, Orthohepevirus, Cardiovirus, Molliscipoxvirus, Salivirus, Parapoxvirus, Gammaretrovirus, Alphavirus, Lymphocryptovirus, Erythroparvovirus, Sapovirus, Cosavirus, Deltaretrovirus, Roseolovirus, Flavivirus, Betacoronavirus, Rubivirus, Lentivirus, Betapolyomavirus, Rotavirus, Hepacivirus, Alphacoronavirus, Mastadenovirus, Cytomegalovirus and Alphapapillomavirus. For confirmation purposes, we tested the samples for the presence of selective viruses belonging to the genera detected above. PCR based molecular methods confirmed the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), monkeypox virus (MPXV), noroviruses GI and GII (NoVGI and NoVGII), and rotavirus A (RoA) in our samples. Furthermore, publicly available clinical data for selected viruses confirm our findings. Wastewater or other environmental media surveillance, combined with bioinformatics methods, has the potential to serve as a systematic screening tool for the identification of human or zoonotic viruses that may cause disease. The results of this method can guide further clinical surveillance efforts and allocation of resources. Incorporation of this bioinformatic-based screening tool by public health officials in Peru and other Latin American countries will help manage endemic and emerging diseases that could save human lives and resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brijen Miyani
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
| | - Yabing Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
| | - Heidy Peidro Guzman
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
| | - Ruben Kenny Briceno
- Institute for Global Health, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
| | - Sabrina Vieyra
- Institute for Global Health, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
| | - Rene Hinojosa
- Institute for Global Health, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
| | - Irene Xagoraraki
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
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Farrag MA, Aziz IM, Alsaleh AN, Almajhdi FN. Human bocavirus in Saudi Arabia: Molecular epidemiology and Co-infections among children with acute respiratory tract infections during 2014-2016. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28350. [PMID: 38560213 PMCID: PMC10981067 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory tract infections due to a variety of viruses continue to threaten the human population worldwide, particularly in developing countries. Among the responsible viruses, Human Bocavirus (HBoV), a novel discovered virus, causes respiratory tract and gastroenteritis disorders in young children. In Saudi Arabia, data regarding virus molecular epidemiology and evolution and its implication in respiratory tract infection are scarce. In the current study, genetic diversity and circulation pattern of HBoV-1 among hospitalized children due to acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) during two consecutive years were charted. We found that 3.44% (2014/2015) and 11.25% (2015/2016) of children hospitalized due to ARTI were infected by HBoV-1. We have shown that HBoV was detected year-round without a marked seasonal peak. HBoV-1 also was co-detected with one or multiple other respiratory viruses. The multisequence analysis showed high sequence identity (∼99%) (few point mutation sites) between strains of each genotype and high sequence variation (∼79%) between HBoV-1 and the other 3 genotypes. Phylogenetic analysis showed the clustering of the study's isolates in the HBoV-1 subclade. Our data reveal that genetically conserved HBoV-1 was circulating among admitted children during the course of the study. Further epidemiological and molecular characterization of multiple HBoV-1 strains for different years and from all regions of Saudi Arabia are required to understand and monitor the virus evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Farrag
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim M. Aziz
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma N. Alsaleh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad N. Almajhdi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Peng L, Yang F, Shi J, Pan L, Liu Y, Mao D, Luo Y. Molecular characterization of human bocavirus in municipal wastewaters using amplicon target sequencing. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170674. [PMID: 38316309 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Human bocavirus (HBoV) is an emerging health concern worldwide, associated with range of clinical manifestations, including gastroenteritis and respiratory infections. Therefore, it is crucial to comprehend and minimize their prevalence in different systems. In this study, we conducted regular sampling throughout the year in two different sizes and work processes of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Tianjin, China. Our objective was to investigate the occurrence, prevalence, and endurance of HBoV in wastewater, while also evaluating the efficacy of amplicon target sequencing in directly detecting HBoV in wastewater. At two WWTPs, HBoV2 (45.51 %-45.67 %) and HBoV3 (38.30 %-40.25 %) were the most common genotypes identified, and the mean concentration range of HBoV was 2.54-7.40 log10 equivalent copies/l as determined by multiplex real-time quantitative PCR assay. A positive rate of HBoV was found in 96.6 % (29/30) samples of A-WWTP, and 96.6 % (26/27) samples of B-WWTP. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that the nucleotide similarity between the HBoV DNA sequences to the reference HBoV sequences published globally ranged from 90.14 %-100 %. A significant variation in the read abundance of HBoV2 and HBoV3 in two wastewater treatment plants (p < 0.05) was detected, specifically in the Winter and Summer seasons. The findings revealed a strong correlation between the genotypes detected in wastewater and the clinical data across various regions in China. In addition, it is worth mentioning that HBoV4 was exclusively detected in wastewater and not found in the clinical samples from patients. This study highlights the high prevalence of human bocavirus in municipal wastewater. This finding illustrates that amplicon target sequencing can amplify a wide variety of viruses, enabling the identification of newly discovered viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Peng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Fengxia Yang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China.
| | - Jingliang Shi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Liuzhu Pan
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yixin Liu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Daqing Mao
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yi Luo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing university, Nanjing 210093, China.
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Mejías-Molina C, Pico-Tomàs A, Martínez-Puchol S, Itarte M, Torrell H, Canela N, Borrego CM, Corominas L, Rusiñol M, Bofill-Mas S. Wastewater-based epidemiology applied at the building-level reveals distinct virome profiles based on the age of the contributing individuals. Hum Genomics 2024; 18:10. [PMID: 38303015 PMCID: PMC10832175 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-024-00580-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human viruses released into the environment can be detected and characterized in wastewater. The study of wastewater virome offers a consolidated perspective on the circulation of viruses within a population. Because the occurrence and severity of viral infections can vary across a person's lifetime, studying the virome in wastewater samples contributed by various demographic segments can provide valuable insights into the prevalence of viral infections within these segments. In our study, targeted enrichment sequencing was employed to characterize the human virome in wastewater at a building-level scale. This was accomplished through passive sampling of wastewater in schools, university settings, and nursing homes in two cities in Catalonia. Additionally, sewage from a large urban wastewater treatment plant was analysed to serve as a reference for examining the collective excreted human virome. RESULTS The virome obtained from influent wastewater treatment plant samples showcased the combined viral presence from individuals of varying ages, with astroviruses and human bocaviruses being the most prevalent, followed by human adenoviruses, polyomaviruses, and papillomaviruses. Significant variations in the viral profiles were observed among the different types of buildings studied. Mamastrovirus 1 was predominant in school samples, salivirus and human polyomaviruses JC and BK in the university settings while nursing homes showed a more balanced distribution of viral families presenting papillomavirus and picornaviruses and, interestingly, some viruses linked to immunosuppression. CONCLUSIONS This study shows the utility of building-level wastewater-based epidemiology as an effective tool for monitoring the presence of viruses circulating within specific age groups. It provides valuable insights for public health monitoring and epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Mejías-Molina
- Laboratory of Viruses Contaminants of Water and Food, Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics Department, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
- The Water Research Institute (IdRA), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | | | - Sandra Martínez-Puchol
- Laboratory of Viruses Contaminants of Water and Food, Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics Department, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Itarte
- Laboratory of Viruses Contaminants of Water and Food, Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics Department, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- The Water Research Institute (IdRA), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Helena Torrell
- Centre for Omic Sciences (COS), Joint Unit Universitat Rovira I Virgili-EURECAT, Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructures (ICTS), Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Núria Canela
- Centre for Omic Sciences (COS), Joint Unit Universitat Rovira I Virgili-EURECAT, Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructures (ICTS), Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Carles M Borrego
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Girona, Spain
- Group of Molecular Microbial Ecology, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Marta Rusiñol
- Laboratory of Viruses Contaminants of Water and Food, Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics Department, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- The Water Research Institute (IdRA), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sílvia Bofill-Mas
- Laboratory of Viruses Contaminants of Water and Food, Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics Department, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- The Water Research Institute (IdRA), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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do Nascimento LG, Sarmento SK, Leonardo R, Gutierrez MB, Malta FC, de Oliveira JM, Guerra CR, Coutinho R, Miagostovich MP, Fumian TM. Detection and Molecular Characterization of Enteric Viruses in Bivalve Mollusks Collected in Arraial do Cabo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112359. [PMID: 36366459 PMCID: PMC9695388 DOI: 10.3390/v14112359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral bivalve contamination is a recognized food safety hazard. Therefore, this study investigated the detection rates, seasonality, quantification, and genetic diversity of enteric viruses in bivalve samples (mussels and oysters). We collected 97 shellfish samples between March 2018 and February 2020. The screening of samples by qPCR or RT-qPCR revealed the detection of norovirus (42.3%), rotavirus A (RVA; 16.5%), human adenovirus (HAdV; 24.7%), and human bocavirus (HBoV; 13.4%). There was no detection of hepatitis A virus. In total, 58.8% of shellfish samples tested positive for one or more viruses, with 42.1% of positive samples contaminated with two or more viruses. Norovirus showed the highest median viral load (3.3 × 106 GC/g), followed by HAdV (median of 3.5 × 104 GC/g), RVA (median of 1.5 × 103 GC/g), and HBoV (median of 1.3 × 103 GC/g). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that norovirus strains belonged to genotype GII.12[P16], RVA to genotype I2, HAdV to types -C2, -C5, and -F40, and HBoV to genotypes -1 and -2. Our results demonstrate the viral contamination of bivalves, emphasizing the need for virological monitoring programs to ensure the quality and safety of shellfish for human consumption and as a valuable surveillance tool to monitor emerging viruses and novel variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Gonçalves do Nascimento
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sylvia Kahwage Sarmento
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Raphael Leonardo
- Laboratory of Viral Morphology and Morphogenesis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Meylin Bautista Gutierrez
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fábio Correia Malta
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Mendes de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Technological Development in Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Caroline Rezende Guerra
- Laboratory of Marine Genetics, Department of Marine Biotechnology, Sea Studies Institute Admiral Paulo Moreira (IEAPM), Arraial do Cabo 28930-000, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Coutinho
- Laboratory of Marine Genetics, Department of Marine Biotechnology, Sea Studies Institute Admiral Paulo Moreira (IEAPM), Arraial do Cabo 28930-000, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marize Pereira Miagostovich
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tulio Machado Fumian
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-21-2562-1817
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Booranathawornsom T, Pombubpa K, Tipayamongkholgul M, Kittigul L. Molecular characterization of human bocavirus in recycled water and sewage sludge in Thailand. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 100:105276. [PMID: 35367361 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to assess the presence and molecular characterization of human bocavirus (HBoV) in recycled water and sewage sludge samples in Thailand. One hundred and two recycled water and eighty-six sewage sludge samples collected from a wastewater treatment plant were tested for the presence of HBoV using nested PCR with broad-range primer pairs targeting the capsid proteins VP1 and VP2. HBoV DNA was detected in recycled water of 9/102 (8.8%) samples and sewage sludge of 27/86 (31.4%) samples. Based on DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, the HBoV DNA sequences had 98.8-100.0% nucleotide identity to the sequences from HBoV reported globally. Thirty-five HBoV-positive samples were identified to genotypes as the predominant HBoV2; 26 followed by HBoV3; 8 and the rare HBoV4; 1 sample. Concerning recycled water, HBoV2 was detected in 3 (2.9%) and HBoV3 was detected in 5 (4.9%) of all samples. The sewage sludge samples were characterized as HBoV2 in 23 (26.7%), HBoV3 in 3 (3.5%) and HBoV4 in 1 (1.2%) of all samples. The frequency of HBoV detected in recycled water and sewage sludge samples significantly differed in sample type (p-value = 0.007). The findings of three HBoV genotypes in recycled water and sewage sludge emphasized the circulation of the virus in the environment and the potential source of transmission to the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thitiya Booranathawornsom
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, 420/1 Ratchawithi Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Kannika Pombubpa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, 420/1 Ratchawithi Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Mathuros Tipayamongkholgul
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, 420/1 Ratchawithi Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Leera Kittigul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, 420/1 Ratchawithi Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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Abstract
Human bocavirus (HBoV) has been recognized as one of the common pathogens which cause respiratory disease and acute gastroenteritis in children worldwide. Recently, our studies reported the detection of HBoV in children with acute gastroenteritis and in oysters in Thailand. However, studies on the presence of HBoV in environmental waters in Thailand have not yet been conducted. In this study, 126 environmental water samples collected from November 2016 to July 2018 were investigated. Detection of HBoV was based on amplification of the VP1/VP2 region of the HBoV genome by nested PCR followed by nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. HBoV was detected in 34 out of 126 samples (27.0%). All four HBoV genotypes, HBoV1 to HBoV4, were detected. HBoV2 was the most frequently detected genotype (61.8%), followed by HBoV1 (23.5%), HBoV4 (8.8%), and HBoV3 (5.9%). The highest detection rate of HBoV was observed during the warmest months in Thailand: April 2017 and March 2018. Phylogenetic analysis of VP1/VP2 nucleotide sequences of HBoV genotypes revealed that all four of the genotypes detected in environmental waters were closely related to genotypes detected in patients with acute gastroenteritis, which had been reported previously in the same geographical area. This study reports the existence of multiple HBoV genotypes in environmental waters and provides evidence of a considerably high magnitude of HBoV contamination in these waters. These findings demonstrate the potential risk of waterborne transmission of HBoV to humans. IMPORTANCE Recently, we reported the detection of HBoV genotypes 1, 2, and 3 in pediatric patients with acute gastroenteritis, and the detection of HBoV1 and 2 in oysters in Thailand. In this study, we reported the detection of HBoV1, 2, 3, and 4 contamination in environmental waters within the same geographic area. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the HBoV genotypes detected in environmental waters and in oysters were closely related to HBoV detected in patients. These findings imply that HBoV contamination in oysters and in environmental waters could be a potential sources of foodborne and waterborne transmission to humans.
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Predominance of Human Bocavirus Genotypes 1 and 2 in Oysters in Thailand. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e0045621. [PMID: 34047634 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00456-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human bocavirus (HBoV) has been recognized as an important pathogen that causes respiratory infection and acute gastroenteritis in young children worldwide. HBoV is most likely transmitted by the respiratory route and by fecal-oral transmission. Recently, HBoV has been detected in several types of environmental water and in bivalve shellfish. However, study of the existence of HBoV in oysters is still undocumented in Thailand. In this study, 144 oyster samples collected from different markets in Chiang Mai, Thailand, in 2017 and 2018 were investigated for the presence of HBoV by nested PCR and sequencing. HBoV was detected in 11 out of 144 samples (7.6%). Nine HBoV-positive samples (81.8%) were identified as genotype 1 (HBoV1) and two (18.2%) as HBoV2. A monthly investigation of HBoV in oyster samples from July 2017 to June 2018 showed that HBoV was sporadically detected in particular months spanning the rainy and colder season, with a peak in January. This study demonstrates the presence and genotype diversity of HBoV in oyster samples in Thailand. The findings contribute to evaluating the risk of foodborne transmission of HBoV and to monitoring outbreaks of HBoV in Thailand and in other countries. IMPORTANCE Human bocavirus is recognized as an important cause of respiratory infection and of acute gastroenteritis in children worldwide. Human bocavirus has been widely detected in many clinical specimens, as well as in several types of environmental samples. Most previous studies describe the incidence of bocavirus infection in humans, whereas few data are available for the occurrence of human bocavirus in food materials, particularly that in bivalve shellfish. Our findings provide evidence for the existence and prevalence of human bocavirus in oysters, suggesting that further monitoring of the potential risk of food- and waterborne transmission of this virus to humans should be undertaken.
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Atabakhsh P, Kargar M, Doosti A. Molecular surveillance of human rotaviruses in drinking water and investigation of the efficiency of their removal in Isfahan water treatment plant. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:759. [PMID: 31741059 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7834-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Enteric viruses, especially human rotaviruses present in aquatic environments, are microbial criteria in quality assessment of water resources. The present research aimed to investigate molecular monitoring of human rotavirus and efficacy evaluation of Isfahan water treatment plant (WTP) in the elimination of viruses. In total, 60 water samples were collected from different units of WTP. Zeta plus electropositive Virosorb cartridge filter and elution buffer was used for concentrating water samples. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for detecting rotavirus antigen. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) with SYBR Green I fluorescent dye was performed for molecular detection of rotavirus. Multiplex nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used for rotavirus G genotyping. Total coliform count varies from 102-103 CFU/mL in the raw water resources. Rotavirus antigen was detected in 17 samples (28.33%) by ELISA, and 13 samples (21.67%) were found positive by RT-PCR. These included 41.18% (7 cases) of raw water influent, 29.41% (5 cases) after sedimentation, 23.52% (4 cases) after ozonation, and 5.88% (1 case) after filtration in ELISA method. The highest number of rotaviruses was detected by qRT-PCR in autumn (46.15% (6 cases)). The commonest circulating G type in the sampling points was the mixed types, which was identified in 6 samples (46.15%), followed by non-typeable (23.07%), G3 (15.38%), G1 (7.69%), and G8 (7.69%), respectively. Despite the presence of rotavirus in raw water, after clarification and ozonation, filtration and treated water did not show the presence of rotavirus. The results of this study showed that multi-stage treatment has a positive effect on virus removal in WTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paymaneh Atabakhsh
- Department of Microbiology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kargar
- Department of Microbiology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran.
| | - Abbas Doosti
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
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Salvo M, Mir D, Tort LFL, Lizasoain A, Colina R, Victoria M. Description of a human Bocavirus recombinant strain in the Americas. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2019; 114:e190219. [PMID: 31644704 PMCID: PMC6804322 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760190219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human bocaviruses (HBoV) are mainly associated with respiratory and gastroenteric
infections. These viruses belong to the family Parvoviridae,
genus Bocaparvovirus and are classified in four subtypes
(HBoV1-4). Recombination and point mutation have been described as basis of
parvovirus evolution. In this study three viral sequences were obtained from
positives HBoV sewage samples collected in two Uruguayan cities and were
characterised by different methods as recombinant strains. This recombination
event was localised in the 5’ end of VP1 gene and the parental strains belonged
to subtypes 3 and 4. These three Uruguayan strains are identical at the
nucleotide sequences in the analysed genome region of the virus. As far as we
known, this study represents the first detection of HBoV recombinants strains in
the Americas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías Salvo
- Universidad de la República, Centro Universitario Regional Litoral Norte, Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Salto, Uruguay
| | - Daiana Mir
- Universidad de la República, Centro Universitario Regional Litoral Norte, Genomics and Bioinformatics Unit, Salto, Uruguay
| | - Luis Fernando López Tort
- Universidad de la República, Centro Universitario Regional Litoral Norte, Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Salto, Uruguay
| | - Andrés Lizasoain
- Universidad de la República, Centro Universitario Regional Litoral Norte, Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Salto, Uruguay
| | - Rodney Colina
- Universidad de la República, Centro Universitario Regional Litoral Norte, Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Salto, Uruguay
| | - Matías Victoria
- Universidad de la República, Centro Universitario Regional Litoral Norte, Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Salto, Uruguay
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