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Mare Y, Zewotir T, Belay DB. Additive modeling of zonal level crop production in Ethiopia. Sci Rep 2025; 15:12391. [PMID: 40216941 PMCID: PMC11992157 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-97496-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2025] [Indexed: 04/14/2025] Open
Abstract
Crop production is the main source of food security and income for smallholder private farmers in Sub-Saharan countries. To have a sustainable source of food security and economy, it is important to identify covariates that affect crop production linearly and nonlinearly. Annual agricultural sample survey data of eight Meher seasons, from 2012/13 to 2019/20, is used in this study with the main objective of identifying the set of covariates that have linear and nonlinear effects on crop production and estimating their effects using an additive mixed effects model. The minimum, mean, and maximum crop production across the country for the study period were 1.616, 8.693, and 147.843 quintals, respectively, and 50% of the farmers produced less than 6.95 quintals. The histogram, kernel density, and P-P plots suggested that log-transformed crop production is approximately normally distributed. From the competing models' summary statistics, information criteria values, and analysis of variance tests, relaxing the linearity assumption and including a random effect in the model has improved model performance, suggesting the additive mixed effects model best fits the data on hand. Gambella, SNNP, and Oromia regions have significantly different overall mean crop production than the reference in Dire Dawa town. Covariates like year, proportion of female farmers, household age, and UREA fertilizer used have a significant nonlinear effect, while covariates like proportion of educated farmers, area used, and proportion of farmers who received credit service have a significant linear effect on log crop production. The basic model assumptions are not violated, so the final additive mixed effects model can be used for prediction and inference purposes. We recommend farmers use more croplands, indigenous seeds, and UREA fertilizer; practice pure agriculture; and participate in local farmers associations. Policies regarding the participation of female and educated farmers, the implementation and effectiveness of credit services and extension programs, private investors to participate in crop production, and the provision of farm inputs to the elderly farmers should be revised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidnekachew Mare
- Department of Statistics, College of Science, Bahir Dar University, P.O. Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
- Department of Statistics, College of Natural Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.
| | - Temesgen Zewotir
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, College of Agriculture Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Denekew Bitew Belay
- Department of Statistics, College of Science, Bahir Dar University, P.O. Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
- Department of Statistics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Tosoroni A, Di Vittori V, Nanni L, Musari E, Papalini S, Bitocchi E, Bellucci E, Pieri A, Ghitarrini S, Susek K, Papa R. Recent Advances in Molecular Tools and Pre-Breeding Activities in White Lupin ( Lupinus albus). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2025; 14:914. [PMID: 40265878 PMCID: PMC11945954 DOI: 10.3390/plants14060914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2025] [Revised: 02/27/2025] [Accepted: 03/05/2025] [Indexed: 04/24/2025]
Abstract
The higher adaptation of landraces to local agroclimatic conditions resulting from natural and moderate artificial selection by farmers within specific environments makes them a crucial source of alleles and genotypes for cultivation and breeding programs. Unlike modern cultivars, which have been developed under more intense artificial selective pressures, landraces exhibit a broader genetic base that has been documented in landrace collections for many crops. This review provides an overview of the importance of genetic resource valorisation in legume species, focusing on cultivated species of the Lupinus genus, particularly white lupin (Lupinus albus). On the one hand, legumes, including Lupins, are considered a crucial alternative source of protein within the framework of more sustainable agriculture. On the other hand, they are often neglected species in terms of breeding efforts, despite receiving increasing attention in recent years. Here, we also report on the latest advances in the development of genomic tools, such as the novel pangenome of white lupin and the identification of markers and loci for target adaptation traits, such as tolerance to alkaline soils, which can effectively support the breeding of Lupinus albus, especially for the introgression of desirable alleles from locally adapted varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Tosoroni
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (A.T.); (L.N.); (E.M.); (S.P.); (E.B.); (E.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Valerio Di Vittori
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (A.T.); (L.N.); (E.M.); (S.P.); (E.B.); (E.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Laura Nanni
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (A.T.); (L.N.); (E.M.); (S.P.); (E.B.); (E.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Evan Musari
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (A.T.); (L.N.); (E.M.); (S.P.); (E.B.); (E.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Simone Papalini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (A.T.); (L.N.); (E.M.); (S.P.); (E.B.); (E.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Elena Bitocchi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (A.T.); (L.N.); (E.M.); (S.P.); (E.B.); (E.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Elisa Bellucci
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (A.T.); (L.N.); (E.M.); (S.P.); (E.B.); (E.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Alice Pieri
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (A.T.); (L.N.); (E.M.); (S.P.); (E.B.); (E.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Sofia Ghitarrini
- Società Produttori Sementi S.p.A., Via Macero n.1, 40050 Argelato, Italy;
| | - Karolina Susek
- Legume Genomics Team, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 34, 60-479 Poznan, Poland
| | - Roberto Papa
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (A.T.); (L.N.); (E.M.); (S.P.); (E.B.); (E.B.); (A.P.)
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Hernández-Téllez AR, Rodríguez-Montes de Oca GA, Román-Reyes JC, Tello-Ballinas JA, Galaviz-Espinoza MA, Álvarez-González CA. Histological study of the development of the digestive system during larval feeding in the pike silverside Chirostoma estor. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024; 50:2437-2452. [PMID: 39198296 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-024-01396-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
Chirostoma estor (Jordan, 1879) is an endemic freshwater species with a high potential for aquaculture; however, as in many other fish, larviculture of this species is the most critical stage, in which the higher mortality rates. Therefore, it is necessary to fully describe the development of the digestive system to establish better feeding protocols in the larval culture of C. estor, both for aquaculture and restoration purposes. In the present study, larviculture was carried out from hatching to 20 days after hatching (DAH). The organisms were fed with the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis from 2 to 14 DAH, and nauplii of Artemia sp. from 15 to 20 DAH. A total of 12 organisms (0, 3, 5, 10, 15, and 20 DAH) were taken for size and weight growth and histological and histochemical analysis. The histological analysis indicated that after 3 DAH, the opening of the mouth and anus was observed, coinciding with the beginning of exogenous feeding. In addition, the digestive system developed, with differentiation of the oropharyngeal sections, esophagus, and intestine, folding of the intestinal mucosa, as well as associated organs (liver and pancreas) that reach their maximum development at 20 DAH. Thus, C. estor at this stage of development can digest and absorb nutrients despite being an agastric fish. The results obtained in this study will facilitate a better understanding of the ontogenetic morphophysiological development processes, associated with the transition of larvae to exogenous feeding, which ensures a higher percentage of survival during larval development and of course, adds to the diversity ontogenetics of teleostean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rosa Hernández-Téllez
- Posgrado en Ciencias en Recursos Acuáticos, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Paseo Claussen S/N. Col. Los Pinos, C.P. 82000, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Alejandro Rodríguez-Montes de Oca
- Posgrado en Ciencias en Recursos Acuáticos, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Paseo Claussen S/N. Col. Los Pinos, C.P. 82000, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico.
- Laboratorio de Reproducción y Cultivo de Peces, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Paseo Claussen S/N. Col. Los Pinos, C.P. 82000, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico.
| | - José Cristóbal Román-Reyes
- Posgrado en Ciencias en Recursos Acuáticos, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Paseo Claussen S/N. Col. Los Pinos, C.P. 82000, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Reproducción y Cultivo de Peces, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Paseo Claussen S/N. Col. Los Pinos, C.P. 82000, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Juan Antonio Tello-Ballinas
- Instituto Mexicano de Investigación en Pesca y Acuacultura Sustentables, Centro Regional de Investigación Acuícola Pesquera-Pátzcuaro, Calz. Ibarra No. 28, Col. Ibarra, C.P. 61609, Pátzcuaro, Michoacán, Mexico
| | | | - Carlos Alfonso Álvarez-González
- Laboratorio de Fisiología en Recursos Acuáticos (LAFIRA), División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Carretera Villahermosa- Cárdenas Km. 0.5 S/N, entronque a Bosques de Saloya, C.P. 86150, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
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Ortega R, Miralles I, Domene MA, Meca D, Del Moral F. Ecological practices increase soil fertility and microbial diversity under intensive farming. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 954:176777. [PMID: 39378938 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Revised: 09/30/2024] [Accepted: 10/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024]
Abstract
Intensive farming offers a potential solution to feed the growing population due to its high productivity. Conventional management (CO) based on inorganic fertilization practices degrades soil quality, but restorative practices including ecological intensification (EI) and organic management results in maintaining soil quality without compromising productivity. In this paper, two different management systems were evaluated: CO, based on inorganic fertilization, and EI, focused on providing organic nutrients to soils to support crops. EI increased soil fertility, together with higher alpha diversity indices, more differentially abundant amplicon sequence variant (ASVs) (247 EI vs. 165 CO) and indicator taxa (60 EI vs. 32 CO). Distinct bacterial taxa were associated with the different management systems, revealing their roles in soil processes and nutrient availability. In the CO treatment, indicator genera such as Nitrospira and Desulfarculaceae were linked to N fertilization and nitrite oxidation, while RB41 was associated with phosphorus availability. Ammoniphilus, PAUC26f, and BSV26 were also indicators of CO management. Conversely, EI treatment promoted bacteria involved in organic matter decomposition and nutrient cycling, such as Halomonas, Chryseolinea and Rhodobacteraceae. Gemmatimonas, Steroidobacter, Altererythrobacter, Acidibacter and Anseongella contribute to carbon and nitrogen cycling. Burkholderiaceae and Rhodopirellula play roles in phosphate solubilization and organic P mineralization, respectively. Numerous taxa with plant growth-promoting (PGP) attributes, such as BIrii41, Pseudomonas, and Lysobacter, were also identified as indicators of the EI treatment. EI associated bacteria were positively correlated with soil organic carbon contents, nitrates, and exchangeable bases, while negatively correlated with CO bacteria. A distance-based multivariate multiple regression (DistLM) demonstrated a strong relationship (r2 = 0.78) between soil physicochemical variables and bacterial community structure, with SOC explaining the most variations in the model. Other significant parameters included potassium (K), electrical conductivity (EC), and nitrates. The results suggest that EI promotes more sustainable soils in terms of fertility and microbial diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Ortega
- Department of Agronomy & Center for Intensive Mediterranean Agrosystems and Agri-food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), University of Almeria, E-04120 Almería, Spain..
| | - Isabel Miralles
- Department of Agronomy & Center for Intensive Mediterranean Agrosystems and Agri-food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), University of Almeria, E-04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Domene
- Cajamar Research Station, Cajamar Foundation, Grupo Cooperativo Cajamar, Paraje Las Palmerillas 25, 04710 El Ejido, Almería, Spain
| | - David Meca
- Cajamar Research Station, Cajamar Foundation, Grupo Cooperativo Cajamar, Paraje Las Palmerillas 25, 04710 El Ejido, Almería, Spain
| | - Fernando Del Moral
- Department of Agronomy & Center for Intensive Mediterranean Agrosystems and Agri-food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), University of Almeria, E-04120 Almería, Spain
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Schneider K, Barreiro-Hurle J, Vossen J, Schouten HJ, Kessel G, Andreasson E, Kieu NP, Strassemeyer J, Hristov J, Rodriguez-Cerezo E. Insights on cisgenic plants with durable disease resistance under the European Green Deal. Trends Biotechnol 2023; 41:1027-1040. [PMID: 37419837 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Significant shares of harvests are lost to pests and diseases, therefore, minimizing these losses could solve part of the supply constraints to feed the world. Cisgenesis is defined as the insertion of genetic material into a recipient organism from a donor that is sexually compatible. Here, we review (i) conventional plant breeding, (ii) cisgenesis, (iii) current pesticide-based disease management, (iv) potential economic implications of cultivating cisgenic crops with durable disease resistances, and (v) potential environmental implications of cultivating such crops; focusing mostly on potatoes, but also apples, with resistances to Phytophthora infestans and Venturia inaequalis, respectively. Adopting cisgenic varieties could provide benefits to farmers and to the environment through lower pesticide use, thus contributing to the European Green Deal target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Schneider
- Joint Research Centre, European Commission, Calle Inca Garcilaso 3, 41092, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Jesus Barreiro-Hurle
- Joint Research Centre, European Commission, Calle Inca Garcilaso 3, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jack Vossen
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6700, AJ, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk J Schouten
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6700, AJ, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Geert Kessel
- Field Crops, Wageningen University & Research, Edelhertweg 1, 8219, PH, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Andreasson
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp Campus, Sweden
| | - Nam Phuong Kieu
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp Campus, Sweden
| | - Jörn Strassemeyer
- Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Strategies and Technology Assessment, 14532, Kleinmachnow, Germany
| | - Jordan Hristov
- Joint Research Centre, European Commission, Calle Inca Garcilaso 3, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
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Kang HS, Park JH, Auh JH. Effects of Protein Hydrolysate from Silkworm ( Bombyx mori) pupae on the C2C12 Myogenic Differentiation. Foods 2023; 12:2840. [PMID: 37569109 PMCID: PMC10417612 DOI: 10.3390/foods12152840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects and active compounds of silkworm pupae, an edible insect, on C2C12 muscle differentiation. The protein of silkworm pupae was extracted using sonication after defatting with hexane. Subsequently, the extract was rehydrated using Alcalase to obtain a protein hydrolysate. The silkworm pupae protein hydrolysate effectively promoted C2C12 myogenic differentiation without cytotoxicity. Subsequently, the hydrolysate was fractionated into four subfractions using preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (Prep-HPLC). Subfraction 1 was the most effective in promoting C2C12 myogenic differentiation and significantly upregulated the expression of myoblast transcription factors, 1.5-fold of myoblast determination protein 1 (MyoD), 2-fold of myogenin, and 3-fold of myosin heavy chain (MyHC). Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and multivariate statistical analysis were used to identify the active peptides in silkworm pupae responsible for the observed effects; then, dipeptides and essential amino acids, such as isoleucine (Ile), valine (Val), and methionine (Met), were identified. In addition, Val, Ile, and two dipeptides underwent quantification to determine the potential bioactive peptides that enhanced C2C12 myogenic differentiation. This study suggests that the peptides from silkworm pupae could be used as a nutraceutical to enhance muscle growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joong-Hyuck Auh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
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Liu H, Soares-Filho BS, Leite-Filho AT, Zhang S, Du J, Yi Y. How to balance land demand conflicts to guarantee sustainable land development. iScience 2023; 26:106641. [PMID: 37192976 PMCID: PMC10182322 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe arable land loss and ecological problems raise attention to protect/develop land for food and ecology demand. Spatial conflict appears in front of multidemand for urbanization, food, and ecology. Our study took China as an example and explicitly outlined spatial preference of urbanization, food, and ecology. From the aspect of land amount, there are enough lands to support multidemand with a surplus of agriculture land of 45.5 × 106 ha. However, spatial conflict widely appears among the multidemands. We tested the impacts of different priorities on urban pattern, crop yield, and ecology and found the priority of food > ecology > urbanization gave the best outcome. Our results verified the importance of including priority of land multidemand to avoid confusion and increase efficiency in the implementation of land policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxi Liu
- Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | | | | | - Shanghong Zhang
- Renewable Energy School, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jizeng Du
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yujun Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Corresponding author
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Kröncke N, Neumeister M, Benning R. Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy for Quantitative Analysis of Fat and Fatty Acid Content in Living Tenebrio molitor Larvae to Detect the Influence of Substrate on Larval Composition. INSECTS 2023; 14:insects14020114. [PMID: 36835684 PMCID: PMC9964368 DOI: 10.3390/insects14020114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have shown that mealworms (Tenebrio molitor L.) could provide animals and humans with valuable nutrients. Tenebrio molitor larvae were studied to determine whether their rearing diets affected their fat and fatty acid content and to ascertain if it is possible to detect the changes in the larval fat composition using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS). For this reason, a standard control diet (100% wheat bran) and an experimental diet, consisting of wheat bran and the supplementation of a different substrate (coconut flour, flaxseed flour, pea protein flour, rose hip hulls, grape pomace, or hemp protein flour) were used. The results showed lesser weight gain and slower growth rates for larvae raised on diets with a high fat content. A total of eight fatty acids were identified and quantified, where palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids were the most prevalent and showed a correlation between larval content and their content in the rearing diets. There was a high content of lauric acid (3.2-4.6%), myristic acid (11.4-12.9%), and α-linolenic acid 8.4-13.0%) in mealworm larvae as a result of the high dietary content of these fatty acids. NIR spectra were also influenced by the fat and fatty acid composition, as larval absorbance values differed greatly. The coefficient of the determination of prediction (R2P) was over 0.97, with an RPD value of 8.3 for the fat content, which indicates the high predictive accuracy of the NIR model. Furthermore, it was possible to develop calibration models with great predictive efficiency (R2P = 0.81-0.95, RPD = 2.6-5.6) for all fatty acids, except palmitoleic and stearic acids which had a low predictive power (R2P < 0.5, RPD < 2.0). The detection of fat and fatty acids using NIRS can help insect producers to quickly and easily analyze the nutritional composition of mealworm larvae during the rearing process.
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Hernández-López I, Ortiz-Solà J, Alamprese C, Barros L, Shelef O, Basheer L, Rivera A, Abadias M, Aguiló-Aguayo I. Valorization of Local Legumes and Nuts as Key Components of the Mediterranean Diet. Foods 2022; 11:foods11233858. [PMID: 36496665 PMCID: PMC9740325 DOI: 10.3390/foods11233858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Legumes and nuts are components of high importance in the diet of many countries, mainly those in the Mediterranean region. They are also very versatile and culturally diverse foods found all over the world, acting as a basic protein source in certain countries. Their genetic diversity is needed to sustain the food supply and security for humans and livestock, especially because of the current loss of habitats, species, and genetic diversity worldwide, but also because of the ever present need to feed the increasing human population. Even though both legumes and nuts are considered as high-protein food and environmentally friendly crops, developed countries have lower consumption rates when compared to Asia or Africa. With a view to increasing the consumption of legumes and nuts, the objective of this review is to present the advantages on the use of autochthonous varieties from different countries around the world, thus providing a boost to the local market in the area. The consumption of these varieties could be helped by their use in ready-to-eat foods (RTE), which are now on the rise thanks to today's fast-paced lifestyles and the search for more nutritious and sustainable foods. The versatility of legumes and nuts covers a wide range of possibilities through their use in plant-based dairy analogues, providing alternative-protein and maximal amounts of nutrients and bioactive compounds, potential plant-based flours for bakery and pasta, and added-value traditional RTE meals. For this reason, information about legume and nut nutrition could possibly increase its acceptance with consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Hernández-López
- IRTA, Postharvest Programme, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Ortiz-Solà
- IRTA, Postharvest Programme, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Cristina Alamprese
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Oren Shelef
- Department of Natural Resources, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO)—Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Loai Basheer
- Food Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Tel Hai College, Upper Galilee 1220800, Israel
| | - Ana Rivera
- Miquel Agustí Foundation, Campus Baix Llobregat, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain
- Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Campus Baix Llobregat, Polytechnic University of Catalonia-BarcelonaTech, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain
| | - Maribel Abadias
- IRTA, Postharvest Programme, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ingrid Aguiló-Aguayo
- IRTA, Postharvest Programme, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Kestel JH, Field DL, Bateman PW, White NE, Allentoft ME, Hopkins AJM, Gibberd M, Nevill P. Applications of environmental DNA (eDNA) in agricultural systems: Current uses, limitations and future prospects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 847:157556. [PMID: 35882340 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Global food production, food supply chains and food security are increasingly stressed by human population growth and loss of arable land, becoming more vulnerable to anthropogenic and environmental perturbations. Numerous mutualistic and antagonistic species are interconnected with the cultivation of crops and livestock and these can be challenging to identify on the large scales of food production systems. Accurate identifications to capture this diversity and rapid scalable monitoring are necessary to identify emerging threats (i.e. pests and pathogens), inform on ecosystem health (i.e. soil and pollinator diversity), and provide evidence for new management practices (i.e. fertiliser and pesticide applications). Increasingly, environmental DNA (eDNA) is providing rapid and accurate classifications for specific organisms and entire species assemblages in substrates ranging from soil to air. Here, we aim to discuss how eDNA is being used for monitoring of agricultural ecosystems, what current limitations exist, and how these could be managed to expand applications into the future. In a systematic review we identify that eDNA-based monitoring in food production systems accounts for only 4 % of all eDNA studies. We found that the majority of these eDNA studies target soil and plant substrates (60 %), predominantly to identify microbes and insects (60 %) and are biased towards Europe (42 %). While eDNA-based monitoring studies are uncommon in many of the world's food production systems, the trend is most pronounced in emerging economies often where food security is most at risk. We suggest that the biggest limitations to eDNA for agriculture are false negatives resulting from DNA degradation and assay biases, as well as incomplete databases and the interpretation of abundance data. These require in silico, in vitro, and in vivo approaches to carefully design, test and apply eDNA monitoring for reliable and accurate taxonomic identifications. We explore future opportunities for eDNA research which could further develop this useful tool for food production system monitoring in both emerging and developed economies, hopefully improving monitoring, and ultimately food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua H Kestel
- Trace and Environmental DNA (TrEnD) Laboratory, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth 6102, WA, Australia; Molecular Ecology and Evolution Group (MEEG), School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, Australia.
| | - David L Field
- Molecular Ecology and Evolution Group (MEEG), School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, Australia
| | - Philip W Bateman
- Trace and Environmental DNA (TrEnD) Laboratory, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth 6102, WA, Australia; Behavioural Ecology Laboratory, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth 6102, WA, Australia
| | - Nicole E White
- Trace and Environmental DNA (TrEnD) Laboratory, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth 6102, WA, Australia
| | - Morten E Allentoft
- Trace and Environmental DNA (TrEnD) Laboratory, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth 6102, WA, Australia; Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna J M Hopkins
- Molecular Ecology and Evolution Group (MEEG), School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, Australia
| | - Mark Gibberd
- Centre for Crop Disease Management (CCDM), School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth 6102, WA, Australia
| | - Paul Nevill
- Trace and Environmental DNA (TrEnD) Laboratory, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth 6102, WA, Australia
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11
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Zhang R, Li P, Xu L, Zhong S, Wei H. An integrated accounting system of quantity, quality and value for assessing cultivated land resource assets: A case study in Xinjiang, China. Glob Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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12
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Spatiotemporal Patterns in and Key Influences on Cultivated-Land Multi-Functionality in Northeast China’s Black-Soil Region. LAND 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/land11071101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cultivated-land multi-functionality has become an important way to achieve sustainable cultivated-land protection, and it has become a hot spot in the field of land-management policy. Taking the cultivated black soils in the grain-producing area of Jilin Province, Northeast China, as a case study, this paper assessed the multi-functions of cultivated land over the past 30 years by applying the improved TOPSIS model. Furthermore, the key limiting factors and influencing factors of the multi-functions of cultivated land were identified through the obstacle-degree model and the Geo-detector. The results show that the level of multi-functionality rose from 1990 to 2020, but an increase in both economic and social functions hindered improvements in the ecological function of cultivated land. There were obvious spatial differences in the functions of cultivated land in different counties, with ecological functions showing the highest degree of differentiation, followed by social and economic functions. The per capita agricultural output, the degree of agricultural mechanization, the average output from cultivated land, and the agricultural-labor productivity had the most restrictive effects on the functions of cultivated land, with barrier-degree values of 15.90, 13.90, 11.76, and 10.30, respectively. Coupling–coordination in the multi-functions and sub-functions of cultivated land showed an upward trend, from “low coupling coordination–antagonistic coupling coordination” to “high coupling coordination-optimal coupling coordination”. The government should include the level of multi-functional utilization in future policies for the management and utilization of cultivated land and take measures to reduce the differences in the functions of cultivated land among regions. Quantifying the multi-functional value of cultivated land and subsidizing land cultivation should encourage farmers to protect the land and help to strengthen multi-functional planning and functional design, improve ecological utilization, and promote the sustainable use of cultivated land.
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13
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Kröncke N, Benning R. Determination of Moisture and Protein Content in Living Mealworm Larvae ( Tenebrio molitor L.) Using Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS). INSECTS 2022; 13:560. [PMID: 35735897 PMCID: PMC9224910 DOI: 10.3390/insects13060560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Yellow mealworm larvae (Tenebrio molitor L.) are a sustainable source of protein for food and feed. This study represents a new approach in analyzing changes in the nutritional composition of mealworm larvae using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) combined with multivariate analysis. The moisture and protein content of living larvae were scanned with a near-infrared spectrometer using wavelengths from 1100 to 2100 nm. Different feeding groups with varying moisture sources and amount and the difference between low (50%) and high (75%) humidity were tested, and the influence on larval moisture and protein content was measured. A calibration was developed, with modified partial least squares as the regression method. The NIR spectra were influenced by the moisture and protein content of the larvae, because the absorbance values of the larval groups differed greatly. The coefficient of the determination of calibration (R2c) and prediction (R2p) were over 0.98 for moisture and over 0.94 for protein content. The moisture source and content also had a significant influence on the weight gain of the larvae. Consequently, significant differences in protein content could be determined, depending on the water supply available. With respect to wet weight, the larvae moisture content varied from 60 to 74% and protein content from 16 to 24%. This investigation revealed that with non-invasive NIRS online monitoring, the composition of insects can be continuously recorded and evaluated so that specific feeding can be carried out in the course of larval development and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Kröncke
- Institute of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Bremerhaven, An der Karlstadt 8, 27568 Bremerhaven, Germany;
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14
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Nwachukwu BC, Babalola OO. Metagenomics: A Tool for Exploring Key Microbiome With the Potentials for Improving Sustainable Agriculture. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.886987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms are immense in nature and exist in every imaginable ecological niche, performing a wide range of metabolic processes. Unfortunately, using traditional microbiological methods, most microorganisms remain unculturable. The emergence of metagenomics has resolved the challenge of capturing the entire microbial community in an environmental sample by enabling the analysis of whole genomes without requiring culturing. Metagenomics as a non-culture approach encompasses a greater amount of genetic information than traditional approaches. The plant root-associated microbial community is essential for plant growth and development, hence the interactions between microorganisms, soil, and plants is essential to understand and improve crop yields in rural and urban agriculture. Although some of these microorganisms are currently unculturable in the laboratory, metagenomic techniques may nevertheless be used to identify the microorganisms and their functional traits. A detailed understanding of these organisms and their interactions should facilitate an improvement of plant growth and sustainable crop production in soil and soilless agriculture. Therefore, the objective of this review is to provide insights into metagenomic techniques to study plant root-associated microbiota and microbial ecology. In addition, the different DNA-based techniques and their role in elaborating plant microbiomes are discussed. As an understanding of these microorganisms and their biotechnological potentials are unlocked through metagenomics, they can be used to develop new, useful and unique bio-fertilizers and bio-pesticides that are not harmful to the environment.
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15
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Parsaeimehr A, Ebirim RI, Ozbay G. CRISPR-Cas technology a new era in genomic engineering. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS 2022; 34:e00731. [PMID: 35686011 PMCID: PMC9171425 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2022.e00731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
CRISPR-Cas systems offer a flexible and easy-to-use molecular platform to precisely modify and control organisms' genomes in a variety of fields, from agricultural biotechnology to therapeutics. With CRISPR technology, crop genomes can be precisely edited in a shorter and more efficient approach compared to traditional breeding or classic mutagenesis. CRISPR-Cas system can be used to manage the fermentation process by addressing phage resistance, antimicrobial activity, and genome editing. CRISPR-Cas technology has opened up a new era in gene therapy and other therapeutic fields and given hope to thousands of patients with genetic diseases. Anti-CRISPR molecules are powerful tools for regulating the CRISPR-Cas systems.
The CRISPR-Cas systems have offered a flexible, easy-to-use platform to precisely modify and control the genomes of organisms in various fields, ranging from agricultural biotechnology to therapeutics. This system is extensively used in the study of infectious, progressive, and life-threatening genetic diseases for the improvement of quality and quantity of major crops and in the development of sustainable methods for the generation of biofuels. As CRISPR-Cas technology continues to evolve, it is becoming more controllable and precise with the addition of molecular regulators, which will provide benefits for everyone and save many lives. Studies on the constant growth of CRISPR technology are important due to its rapid development. In this paper, we present the current applications and progress of CRISPR-Cas genome editing systems in several fields of research, we further highlight the applications of anti-CRISPR molecules to regulate CRISPR-Cas gene editing systems, and we discuss ethical considerations in CRISPR-Cas applications.
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16
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Agroecological Transition: A Territorial Examination of the Simultaneity of Limited Farmer Livelihoods and Food Insecurity. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14063160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional disease, persistent food insecurity, ecological devastation, and limited sustainable livelihoods among small and beginning (SB) farmers coexist as unintended consequences of trying to address these challenges separately. Agroecology is useful for holistically understanding a community’s food system dynamics, identifying regime lock-ins, and developing pathways to transition to a sustainable food system. Focusing on two often divergent publics, SB farmers and food-insecure populations, this research answers the questions: What critical agroecological characteristics are lacking in a food system contributing to both limited livelihoods of SB farmers and food-insecure populations? In what ways might the relationships of these two publics be central to an agroecological transition to a regional sustainable food system? We present a case study for the city-region Duluth-Northland, Minnesota, USA, by combining methodological and theoretical insights from participatory action research, agroecology, and sustainability transitions literature. Results include a current state of regional food flows, illuminate the food system’s enabling and inhibitory factors, and highlight opportunities for exercising local agency to transition to a sustainable food system using agroecological principles. This research suggests developing relational spaces where two typically divergent publics can dialogue and build reciprocal relationships to construct new food pathways. Findings also highlight a need to develop a social infrastructure to support SB farmer livelihoods, recognize their contribution to the public good, and simultaneously address multiple dimensions of food insecurity. This study provides preliminary guidance for mobilizing action at the nexus of health and food access, environment, and regenerative agriculture livelihoods.
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17
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Zhang Y, Granger S, Semenov M, Upadhayay H, Collins A. Diffuse water pollution during recent extreme wet-weather in the UK: Environmental damage costs and insight into the future? JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION 2022; 338:130633. [PMID: 35241877 PMCID: PMC8872830 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.130633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Periods of extreme wet-weather elevate agricultural diffuse water pollutant loads and climate projections for the UK suggest wetter winters. Within this context, we monitored nitrate and suspended sediment loss using a field and landscape scale platform in SW England during the recent extreme wet-weather of 2019-2020. We compared the recent extreme wet-weather period to both the climatic baseline (1981-2010) and projected near- (2041-2060) and far- (2071-2090) future climates, using the 95th percentiles of conventional rainfall indices generated for climate scenarios downscaled by the LARS-WG weather generator from the 19 global climate models in the CMIP5 ensemble for the RCP8.5 emission scenario. Finally, we explored relationships between pollutant loss and the rainfall indices. Grassland field-scale monthly average nitrate losses increased from 0.39-1.07 kg ha-1 (2016-2019) to 0.70-1.35 kg ha-1 (2019-2020), whereas losses from grassland ploughed up for cereals, increased from 0.63-0.83 kg ha-1 to 2.34-4.09 kg ha-1. Nitrate losses at landscape scale increased during the 2019-2020 extreme wet-weather period to 2.04-4.54 kg ha-1. Field-scale grassland monthly average sediment losses increased from 92-116 kg ha-1 (2016-2019) to 281-333 kg ha-1 (2019-2020), whereas corresponding losses from grassland converted to cereal production increased from 63-80 kg ha-1 to 2124-2146 kg ha-1. Landscape scale monthly sediment losses increased from 8-37 kg ha-1 in 2018 to between 15 and 173 kg ha-1 during the 2019-2020 wet-weather period. 2019-2020 was most representative of the forecast 95th percentiles of >1 mm rainfall for near- and far-future climates and this rainfall index was related to monitored sediment, but not nitrate, loss. The elevated suspended sediment loads generated by the extreme wet-weather of 2019-2020 therefore potentially provide some insight into the responses to the projected >1 mm rainfall extremes under future climates at the study location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Zhang
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, EX20 2SB, UK
| | - S.J. Granger
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, EX20 2SB, UK
| | - M.A. Semenov
- Plant Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - H.R. Upadhayay
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, EX20 2SB, UK
| | - A.L. Collins
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, EX20 2SB, UK
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18
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Graded Moisture Deficit Effect on Secondary Metabolites, Antioxidant, and Inhibitory Enzyme Activities in Leaf Extracts of Rosa damascena Mill. var. trigentipetala. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8020177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Drought affects plant growth and yield in many agricultural areas worldwide by producing negative water potentials in the root zone that reduce water availability, affecting plant development and metabolism. This study investigated the effect of varying moisture regimes (100% field capacity (FC), well-watered plants, 50% FC (moderate water stress), and 25% FC (severe water stress)) on growth parameters, chlorophyll content, and bioactive molecule patterns, and the impact on antioxidant, lipoxygenase (LOX), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities in Rosa damascena. The water deficit treatments reduced biomass production for both treatments (−29 and −33%, respectively, for MWS and SWS) and total chlorophyll (−18 and −38% respectively for MWS and SWS), relative to the control. The 50% FC treatment had the greatest effect on the phenolic profiles and their respective functionalities, with significant increases in the levels of total phenolic, benzoic (gallic, p-coumaric, and syringic acids) (+32%), and cinnamic (caffeic and trans-cinnamic acid) acids (+19%) and flavonoids (epicatechin-3-O-gallate) (+15%) compared to well-watered leaves (control leaves). The 50% FC treatment also exhibited the highest potential antioxidant activities (apart from NO-quenching activity), evidenced by the lowest IC50 and EC50 values. The inhibitory LOX and AChE capacities varied depending on the severity of stress, with superior activity in the 50% FC treatment. Overall, the drought tolerance in rose was associated mainly with its suitable manipulation of antioxidant production and orderly regulation of LOX and AChE activities.
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19
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Nugrahaeningtyas E, Lee DJ, Song JI, Kim JK, Park KH. Potential Application of Urease and Nitrification Inhibitors to
Mitigate Emissions from the Livestock Sector: A Review. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 64:603-620. [PMID: 35969707 PMCID: PMC9353359 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2022.e5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Human activities have caused an increase in greenhouse gas emissions, resulting
in climate change that affects many factors of human life including its effect
on water and food quality in certain areas with implications for human health.
CH4 and N2O are known as potent non-CO2
GHGs. The livestock industry contributes to direct emissions of CH4
(38.24%) and N2O (6.70%) through enteric fermentation and manure
treatment, as well as indirect N2O emissions via NH3
volatilization. NH3 is also a secondary precursor of particulate
matter. Several approaches have been proposed to address this issue, including
dietary management, manure treatment, and the possibility of inhibitor usage.
Inhibitors, including urease and nitrification inhibitors, are widely used in
agricultural fields. The use of urease and nitrification inhibitors is known to
be effective in reducing nitrogen loss from agricultural soil in the form of
NH3 and N2O and can further reduce CH4 as a
side effect. However, the effectiveness of inhibitors in livestock manure
systems has not yet been explored. This review discusses the potential of
inhibitor usage, specifically of N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide,
dicyandiamide, and 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, to reduce emissions from
livestock manure. This review focuses on the application of inhibitors to
manure, as well as the association of these inhibitors with health, toxicity,
and economic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eska Nugrahaeningtyas
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence,
Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Dong-Jun Lee
- Department of Animal Environment, National
Institute of Animal Science, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Jun-Ik Song
- Division of Animal Husbandry, Yonam
College, Cheonan 31005, Korea
| | - Jung-Kon Kim
- Department of Animal Environment, National
Institute of Animal Science, Wanju 55365, Korea
- Corresponding author: Jung-Kon Kim,
Department of Animal Environment, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju
55365, Korea. Tel: +82-63-238-7407, E-mail:
| | - Kyu-Hyun Park
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence,
Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
- Corresponding author: Kyu-Hyun Park,
Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University,
Chuncheon 24341, Korea. Tel: +82-33-250-8621, E-mail:
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20
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Worming the Circular Economy for Biowaste and Plastics: Hermetia illucens, Tenebrio molitor, and Zophobas morio. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14031594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The negative impact of the modern-day lifestyle on the environment was aggravated during the COVID-19 pandemic through the increased use of single-use plastics from food take-aways to medical supplies. Similarly, the closure of food outlets and disrupted supply chains have also resulted in significant food wastage. As the pandemic rages on, the aggravation of increased waste becomes an increasingly urgent problem that threatens the biodiversity, ecosystems, and human health worldwide through pollution. While there are existing methods to deal with organic and plastic waste, many of the solutions cause additional problems. Increasingly proposed as a natural solution to man-made problems, there are insect solutions for dealing with the artificial and organic waste products and moving towards a circular economy, making the use of natural insect solutions commercially sustainable. This review discusses the findings on how some of these insects, particularly Hermetia illucens, Tenebrio molitor, and Zophobas morio, can play an increasingly important role in food and plastics, with a focus on the latter.
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21
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Gardiner LJ, Krishna R. Bluster or Lustre: Can AI Improve Crops and Plant Health? PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10122707. [PMID: 34961177 PMCID: PMC8707749 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In a changing climate where future food security is a growing concern, researchers are exploring new methods and technologies in the effort to meet ambitious crop yield targets. The application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) including Machine Learning (ML) methods in this area has been proposed as a potential mechanism to support this. This review explores current research in the area to convey the state-of-the-art as to how AI/ML have been used to advance research, gain insights, and generally enable progress in this area. We address the question-Can AI improve crops and plant health? We further discriminate the bluster from the lustre by identifying the key challenges that AI has been shown to address, balanced with the potential issues with its usage, and the key requisites for its success. Overall, we hope to raise awareness and, as a result, promote usage, of AI related approaches where they can have appropriate impact to improve practices in agricultural and plant sciences.
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22
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Zhang S, Hu W, Li M, Guo Z, Wang L, Wu L. Multiscale research on spatial supply-demand mismatches and synergic strategies of multifunctional cultivated land. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 299:113605. [PMID: 34454203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional cultivated land has both sides of supply and demand, and their matches are very important to boost the high-quality development of agriculture and rural areas. The supply-demand match index and GIS spatial analysis were employed to explore the supply-demand mismatches and synergic strategies of multifunctional cultivated land. Taking the Wuhan Metropolitan Area (WMA), China as an example, we obtained the following results: (1) There were obvious supply-demand mismatches of multifunctional cultivated land in the production function, ecological function, and landscape culture function. The spatial distribution of supply-demand mismatches of the three different functions of cultivated land is different. The supply of cultivated land production function is less than the demand, while the supply of landscape culture function is greater than the demand. The supply matches the demand of cultivated land in the ecological function. (2) The supply-demand mismatches of multifunctional cultivated land have scale effects. From the 1 km × 1 km grid scale to the township, county (district), and prefecture-level city scales, the proportion of deficit regions of production function and ecological function decreases with increasing scale. In contrast, the deficit regions of landscape culture function are always concentrated in the center of the WMA. It is considered that we should improve the supply of cultivated land in the production function, protect ecological function and enhance the demand of landscape culture function. Moreover, the management of multifunctional cultivated land needs to strengthen the multiscale spatial linkage and differential strategies of the supply side and demand side.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Zhang
- College of Public Administration, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Weiyan Hu
- College of Public Administration, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Mengran Li
- College of Public Administration, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhaoxia Guo
- College of Public Administration, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Liye Wang
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Lihong Wu
- College of Public Administration, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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23
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Wolka K, Biazin B, Martinsen V, Mulder J. Soil and water conservation management on hill slopes in southwest Ethiopia. II. Modeling effects of soil bunds on surface runoff and maize yield using AquaCrop. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 296:113187. [PMID: 34217940 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
On the cultivated slopes of the highlands of southwest Ethiopia, soil degradation due to water erosion is a challenge for crop production. To limit surface runoff and soil erosion, soil bunds often in combination with trenches, constructed along contour lines, are common. In addition to the interception of surface runoff, soil bunds may affect crop yield. Here, we evaluate effect of soil bunds on surface runoff and maize yield, using FAO's AquaCrop model, calibrated based on field experiments in the Bokole-Karetha watershed, in SW Ethiopia. Experiments were conducted in 2018 and 2019 on three neighboring fields, each comprising plots in triplicate without and with soil bunds. Experimental data from 2018 to 2019, which were average and above average with respect to rainfall, indicate that water availability was sufficient or even in excess for maize production. Soil bunds significantly (p < 0.05) reduced surface runoff, but maize yield did not differ significantly. In plots without soil bunds, the AquaCrop model described surface runoff satisfactorily after slight adjustment of the curve number (related to infiltration capacity) in one of the three fields. Maize yields were reproduced adequately after calibrating soil fertility and adjusting water productivity. After calibration and validation, the AquaCrop model was used to hindcast surface runoff and grain yield from 1999 to 2017, given available climatic data for the region. Hindcasts show that maize yield in the Bokole-Karetha watershed, with its relatively high rainfall, is not significantly affected by rainfall in two of the three fields. In the third field maize yield decreases slightly, but significantly (p < 0.05) with rainfall. In the short run, yield differences between plots with and without soil bunds are not significant. However, eventually high surface runoff from plots without soil bunds are expected to result in unsustainable crop production, due to significant erosion and degradation of the often nutrient-poor soils. Implementation of soil and water management techniques, combined with fertilization, are important to prevent soil degradation and nutrient stress on sloping land.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kebede Wolka
- Norwegian University of Life Science, Faculty of Environmental Science and Natural Resource Management, P.O. Box 5003, No1432, Aas, Norway; Hawassa University, Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resource, P.O. Box, 128, Shashemene, Ethiopia.
| | - Birhanu Biazin
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, P.O. Box, 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Vegard Martinsen
- Norwegian University of Life Science, Faculty of Environmental Science and Natural Resource Management, P.O. Box 5003, No1432, Aas, Norway
| | - Jan Mulder
- Norwegian University of Life Science, Faculty of Environmental Science and Natural Resource Management, P.O. Box 5003, No1432, Aas, Norway
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Bayissa TN, Geerardyn M, Gobena S, Vanhauteghem D, Du Laing G, Wakijra Kabeta M, Janssens GPJ. Impact of species and their edible parts on the macronutrient and mineral composition of fish from the same aquatic environment, the Gilgel Gibe Reservoir, Ethiopia. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 106:220-228. [PMID: 33904627 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Fish is an important source of easily digestible animal protein and other essential nutrients. It plays a pivotal role in food security and poverty alleviation in developing countries. However, the nations of the global South consume a limited number of fish species. This study aimed to evaluate the macronutrient and mineral composition of Whole fish (Labeobarbus intermedius, Garra quadrimaculata) and fillet (Oreochromis niloticus, Labeobarbus intermedius). A total of 64 fish samples were collected from Gilgel Gibe reservoir, Ethiopia, and analysed for its macronutrient and mineral composition. The proximate composition and mineral contents of fillets and whole body samples were determined. The whole fish showed a much higher fat and ash percentage than the fillets (p < 0.05). The fillets contained a much higher protein concentration than the whole fish (p < 0.05). The higher Ca:P ratios in whole fish compared to fillet in our study confirm the importance for a healthy human skeletal development, especially in diets where Ca is typically lacking. Whole Garra appeared to be containing important trace elements such as zinc and iron, a feature that was not found to the same extent in the whole Labeobarbus. These differences may find its origin in the feeding pattern of these fish species in the reservoir. The advantage of benthic species such as Garra to enrich the human diet with essential minerals may, however, coincide with the accumulation of toxic heavy metals as a potential result of soil erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tokuma Negisho Bayissa
- Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium.,Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Michelle Geerardyn
- Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Sagni Gobena
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Donna Vanhauteghem
- Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Gijs Du Laing
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Geert Paul Jules Janssens
- Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
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Evaluations of the Roles of Organizational Support, Organizational Norms and Organizational Learning for Adopting Environmentally Friendly Technologies: A Case of Kiwifruit Farmers’ Cooperatives of Meixian, China. LAND 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/land10030284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Environmentally friendly technologies have long been recognized as a widespread phenomenon working within the functions and performance of farms. Farmer’s cooperative organization might profoundly foster the environmentally friendly technologies (EFT) and availing competitive advantage to the farmer. Illustrated by the natural-resource-based view of the farm (NRBV), this study examined the influence of organizational support, organizational norms, and organizational learning on adopting EFT and proposed a model quantifying the impacts of these approaches towards availing competitive capabilities (i.e., cost, quality, flexibility, and delivery). The framework is empirically endorsed by employing the partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) with the help of a household survey from a spectrum of 292 farmers of 38 kiwifruit cooperatives of Meixian County, China, from August to September 2020. The findings demonstrate that organizational support, organizational norms, and organizational learning positively influence EFT. Moreover, the study found EFT positively impacts product cost, product quality, product delivery, and production flexibility. Interestingly, the relationship between the adoption of environmentally friendly technologies and the competitive capabilities of kiwifruit farmers of Meixian is positively significant. The study proposes several policy recommendations emphasizing the role of organizations in the form of farmer’s cooperatives in boosting farmers to engage in proenvironmental behavior and, therefore, shifting the trends of future research directions on the adoption of environmentally friendly technologies.
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Nitrogen Losses and Potential Mitigation Strategies for a Sustainable Agroecosystem. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13042400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) in the agricultural production system influences many aspects of agroecosystems and several critical ecosystem services widely depend on the N availability in the soil. Cumulative changes in regional ecosystem services may lead to global environmental changes. Thus, the soil N status in agriculture is of critical importance to strategize its most efficient use. Nitrogen is also one of the most susceptible macronutrients to environmental loss, such as ammonia volatilization (NH3), nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, nitrate leaching (NO3), etc. Any form of N losses from agricultural systems can be major limitations for crop production, soil sustainability, and environmental safeguard. There is a need to focus on mitigation strategies to minimize global N pollution and implement agricultural management practices that encourage regenerative and sustainable agriculture. In this review, we identified the avenues of N loss into the environment caused by current agronomic practices and discussed the potential practices that can be adapted to prevent this N loss in production agriculture. This review also explored the N status in agriculture during the COVID-19 pandemic and the existing knowledge gaps and questions that need to be addressed.
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Downscaling of MODIS NDVI by Using a Convolutional Neural Network-Based Model with Higher Resolution SAR Data. REMOTE SENSING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/rs13040732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is a simple but powerful indicator, that can be used to observe green live vegetation efficiently. Since its introduction in the 1970s, NDVI has been used widely for land management, food security, and physical models. For these applications, acquiring NDVI in both high spatial resolution and high temporal resolution is preferable. However, there is generally a trade-off between temporal and spatial resolution when using satellite images. To relieve this problem, a convolutional neural network (CNN) based downscaling model was proposed in this research. This model is capable of estimating 10-m high resolution NDVI from MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) 250-m resolution NDVI by using Sentinel-1 10-m resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. First, this downscaling model was trained to estimate Sentinel-2 10-m resolution NDVI from a combination of upscaled 250-m resolution Sentinel-2 NDVI and 10-m resolution Sentinel-1 SAR data, by using data acquired in 2019 in the target area. Then, the generality of this model was validated by applying it to test data acquired in 2020, with the result that the model predicted the NDVI with reasonable accuracy (MAE = 0.090, ρ = 0.734 on average). Next, 250-m NDVI from MODIS data was used as input to confirm this model under conditions replicating an actual application case. Although there were mismatch in the original MODIS and Sentinel-2 NDVI data, the model predicted NDVI with acceptable accuracy (MAE = 0.108, ρ = 0.650 on average). Finally, this model was applied to predict high spatial resolution NDVI using MODIS and Sentinel-1 data acquired in target area from 1 January 2020~31 December 2020. In this experiment, double cropping of cabbage, which was not observable at the original MODIS resolution, was observed by enhanced temporal resolution of high spatial resolution NDVI images (approximately ×2.5). The proposed method enables the production of 10-m resolution NDVI data with acceptable accuracy when cloudless MODIS NDVI and Sentinel-1 SAR data is available, and can enhance the temporal resolution of high resolution 10-m NDVI data.
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Pereira LL, Júnior DB, de Sousa LHBP, dos Santos Gomes W, Cardoso WS, Guarçoni RC, ten Caten CS. Relationship Between Coffee Processing and Fermentation. FOOD ENGINEERING SERIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-54437-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Göpel J, Schüngel J, Stuch B, Schaldach R. Assessing the effects of agricultural intensification on natural habitats and biodiversity in Southern Amazonia. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0225914. [PMID: 33237901 PMCID: PMC7688104 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing trend toward agricultural intensification in Southern Amazonia makes it essential to explore the future impacts of this development on the extent of natural habitats and biodiversity. This type of analysis requires information on future pathways of land-use and land-cover change (LULCC) under different socio-economic conditions and policy settings. For this purpose, the spatially explicit land-use change model LandSHIFT was applied to calculate a set of high-resolution land-use change scenarios for the Brazilian states Para and Mato Grosso. The period of the analysis were the years 2010-2030. The resulting land-use maps were combined with maps depicting vertebrate species diversity in order to examine the impact of natural habitat loss on species ranges as well as the overall LULCC-induced effect on vertebrate diversity as expressed by the Biodiversity Intactness Index (BII). The results of this study indicate a general decrease in biodiversity intactness in all investigated scenarios. However, agricultural intensification combined with diversified environmental protection policies show least impact of LULCC on vertebrate species richness and conservation of natural habitats compared to scenarios with low agricultural intensification or scenarios with less effective conservation policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Göpel
- Center for Environmental Systems Research (CESR), University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - Jan Schüngel
- Center for Environmental Systems Research (CESR), University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - Benjamin Stuch
- Center for Environmental Systems Research (CESR), University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Schaldach
- Center for Environmental Systems Research (CESR), University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
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Goli S, Rammohan A, Reddy SP. The interaction of household agricultural landholding and Caste on food security in rural Uttar Pradesh, India. Food Secur 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12571-020-01109-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Navarro-Racines C, Tarapues J, Thornton P, Jarvis A, Ramirez-Villegas J. High-resolution and bias-corrected CMIP5 projections for climate change impact assessments. Sci Data 2020; 7:7. [PMID: 31959765 PMCID: PMC6971081 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-019-0343-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Projections of climate change are available at coarse scales (70–400 km). But agricultural and species models typically require finer scale climate data to model climate change impacts. Here, we present a global database of future climates developed by applying the delta method –a method for climate model bias correction. We performed a technical evaluation of the bias-correction method using a ‘perfect sibling’ framework and show that it reduces climate model bias by 50–70%. The data include monthly maximum and minimum temperatures and monthly total precipitation, and a set of bioclimatic indices, and can be used for assessing impacts of climate change on agriculture and biodiversity. The data are publicly available in the World Data Center for Climate (WDCC; cera-www.dkrz.de), as well as in the CCAFS-Climate data portal (http://ccafs-climate.org). The database has been used up to date in more than 350 studies of ecosystem and agricultural impact assessment. Measurement(s) | climate change • precipitation process • precipitation amount • consecutive dry months index per time period • temperature of air | Technology Type(s) | computational modeling technique | Factor Type(s) | spatial region | Sample Characteristic - Environment | climate system | Sample Characteristic - Location | Earth (planet) |
Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11353664
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Navarro-Racines
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia.,CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), c/o CIAT, Cali, Colombia
| | - Jaime Tarapues
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia.,CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), c/o CIAT, Cali, Colombia
| | - Philip Thornton
- CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), c/o CIAT, Cali, Colombia.,International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Andy Jarvis
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia.,CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), c/o CIAT, Cali, Colombia
| | - Julian Ramirez-Villegas
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia. .,CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), c/o CIAT, Cali, Colombia. .,School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
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33
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Kim TK, Yong HI, Kim YB, Kim HW, Choi YS. Edible Insects as a Protein Source: A Review of Public Perception, Processing Technology, and Research Trends. Food Sci Anim Resour 2019; 39:521-540. [PMID: 31508584 PMCID: PMC6728817 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2019.e53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the current trends related to insect as food resources
among consumers, industry, and academia. In Western societies, edible insects
have a greater potential as animal feed than as human food because of cultural
biases associated with harmful insects, although the abundant characteristics of
edible insects should benefit human health. Nevertheless, many countries in
Asia, Oceania, Africa, and Latin America utilize insects as a major protein
source. Using insects can potentially solve problems related to the conventional
food-supply chain, including global water, land, and energy deficits. Academic,
industry, and government-led efforts have attempted to reduce negative
perceptions of insects through developing palatable processing methods, as well
as providing descriptions of health benefits and explaining the necessity of
reducing reliance on other food sources. Our overview reveals that entomophagy
is experiencing a steady increase worldwide, despite its unfamiliarity to the
consumers influenced by Western eating habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Kyung Kim
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Hae In Yong
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Young-Boong Kim
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Hyun-Wook Kim
- Department of Animal Science & Biotechnology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, Korea
| | - Yun-Sang Choi
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea
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Ekhlaspour P, Foroumandi E, Ebrahimi-Mameghani M, Jafari-Koshki T, Arefhosseini SR. Household food security status and its associated factors in Baft-Kerman, IRAN: a cross-sectional study. Ecol Food Nutr 2019; 58:608-619. [DOI: 10.1080/03670244.2019.1652818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Ekhlaspour
- Department of Nutrition, School of Nutrition and food sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elaheh Foroumandi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Nutrition and food sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehrangiz Ebrahimi-Mameghani
- Department of Nutrition, School of Nutrition and food sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tohid Jafari-Koshki
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Rafie Arefhosseini
- Department of Nutrition, School of Nutrition and food sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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35
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Cui X, Cen H, Guan C, Tian D, Liu H, Zhang Y. Photosynthesis capacity diversified by leaf structural and physiological regulation between upland and lowland switchgrass in different growth stages. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2019; 47:38-49. [PMID: 31578165 DOI: 10.1071/fp19086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding and enhancing switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) photosynthesis will help to improve yield and quality for bio-industrial applications on cellulosic biofuel production. In the present study, leaf anatomical traits and physiological characteristics related to photosynthetic capacity of both lowland and upland switchgrass were recorded from four varieties across the vegetative, elongation and reproductive growth stages. Compared with the upland varieties, the lowland switchgrass showed 37-59, 22-64 and 27-73% higher performance on height, stem and leaf over all three growth stages. Leaf anatomical traits indicated that the leaves of lowland varieties provided more space for carbon assimilation and transportation caused by enhanced cell proliferation with more bundles sheath cells and larger contact areas between the bundle sheath and mesophyll cells (CAMB), which lead to the 32-72% higher photosynthetic capacity found in the lowland varieties during vegetative and elongation growth. However, photosynthetic capacity became 22-51% higher in the upland varieties during the reproductive stage, which is attributed to more photosynthetic pigment. In conclusion, lowland varieties gain a photosynthetic advantage with enhanced bundle sheath cell proliferation, while the upland varieties preserved more photosynthetic pigments. Our study provides new insights for improving the yield in crops by enhancing photosynthesis with anatomical and physiological strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Cui
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huifang Cen
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Cong Guan
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Danyang Tian
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huayue Liu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yunwei Zhang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; and Corresponding author.
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36
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Yield gap of cassava crop as a measure of food security - an example for the main Brazilian producing regions. Food Secur 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12571-018-0831-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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37
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Skraly FA, Ambavaram MMR, Peoples O, Snell KD. Metabolic engineering to increase crop yield: From concept to execution. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 273:23-32. [PMID: 29907305 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Although the return on investment over the last 20 years for mass screening of individual plant genes to improve crop performance has been low, the investment in these activities was essential to establish the infrastructure and tools of modern plant genomics. Complex traits such as crop yield are likely multigenic, and the exhaustive screening of random gene combinations to achieve yield gains is not realistic. Clearly, smart approaches must be developed. In silico analyses of plant metabolism and gene networks can move a trait discovery program beyond trial-and-error approaches and towards rational design strategies. Metabolic models employing flux-balance analysis are useful to determine the contribution of individual genes to a trait, or to compare, optimize, or even design metabolic pathways. Regulatory association networks provide a transcriptome-based view of the plant and can lead to the identification of transcription factors that control expression of multiple genes affecting a trait. In this review, the use of these models from the perspective of an Ag innovation company's trait discovery and development program will be discussed. Important decisions that can have significant impacts on the cost and timeline to develop a commercial trait will also be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank A Skraly
- Yield10 Bioscience, Inc., 19 Presidential Way, Woburn, MA 01801, United States
| | | | - Oliver Peoples
- Yield10 Bioscience, Inc., 19 Presidential Way, Woburn, MA 01801, United States
| | - Kristi D Snell
- Yield10 Bioscience, Inc., 19 Presidential Way, Woburn, MA 01801, United States.
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Ambavaram MMR, Ali A, Ryan KP, Peoples O, Snell KD, Somleva MN. Novel transcription factors PvBMY1 and PvBMY3 increase biomass yield in greenhouse-grown switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.). PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 273:100-109. [PMID: 29907302 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Increasing crop yield requires the coordination of multiple metabolic pathways spanning photosynthetic carbon fixation, central carbon metabolism, and finally targeted carbon deposition to end product. In this study, we used a transcriptome-based gene regulatory association network to search for transcription factor genes that could play a role in increasing carbon flow through pathways associated with these processes to increase biomass yield in switchgrass. Two novel switchgrass transcription factors, PvBMY1 (BioMass Yield 1, belonging to the APETALA2/Ethylene Response Factor family of transcription factors) and PvBMY3 (BioMass Yield 3, a member of the Nuclear-Factor Y family of transcription factors), with predicted roles in the regulation of photosynthesis and related metabolism were identified. These genes were overexpressed in switchgrass to determine their impact on biomass yield. A significant increase in both aboveground and root biomass was observed in transgenic greenhouse grown plants compared to wild-type control plants with the best line producing 160% more aboveground biomass than controls. Transgenic lines with elevated electron transport rate of photosystems I and II as well as increased levels of starch and soluble sugars were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aminat Ali
- Yield10 Bioscience, Inc., 19 Presidential Way, Woburn, MA 01801, United States
| | - Kieran P Ryan
- Yield10 Bioscience, Inc., 19 Presidential Way, Woburn, MA 01801, United States
| | - Oliver Peoples
- Yield10 Bioscience, Inc., 19 Presidential Way, Woburn, MA 01801, United States
| | - Kristi D Snell
- Yield10 Bioscience, Inc., 19 Presidential Way, Woburn, MA 01801, United States.
| | - Maria N Somleva
- Yield10 Bioscience, Inc., 19 Presidential Way, Woburn, MA 01801, United States
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39
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Opportunities and Challenges for the Estimation of Aquaculture Production Based on Earth Observation Data. REMOTE SENSING 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/rs10071076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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40
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Sinyolo S, Mudhara M. The Impact of Entrepreneurial Competencies on Household Food Security Among Smallholder Farmers in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa. Ecol Food Nutr 2017; 57:71-93. [DOI: 10.1080/03670244.2017.1416361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sikhulumile Sinyolo
- Discipline of Agricultural Economics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Maxwell Mudhara
- Discipline of Agricultural Economics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
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Quantifying Postharvest Loss and the Implication of Market-Based Decisions: A Case Study of Two Commercial Domestic Tomato Supply Chains in Queensland, Australia. HORTICULTURAE 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae3030044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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