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Han Y, Hacker D, Donders BC, Parperis C, Thuenauer R, Leterrier C, Grünewald K, Mikhaylova M. Unveiling the cell biology of hippocampal neurons with dendritic axon origin. J Cell Biol 2025; 224:e202403141. [PMID: 39495320 PMCID: PMC11536041 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202403141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 11/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In mammalian axon-carrying-dendrite (AcD) neurons, the axon emanates from a basal dendrite, instead of the soma, to create a privileged route for action potential generation at the axon initial segment (AIS). However, it is unclear how such unusual morphology is established and whether the structure and function of the AIS in AcD neurons are preserved. By using dissociated hippocampal cultures as a model, we show that the development of AcD morphology can occur prior to synaptogenesis and independently of the in vivo environment. A single precursor neurite first gives rise to the axon and then to the AcD. The AIS possesses a similar cytoskeletal architecture as the soma-derived AIS and similarly functions as a trafficking barrier to retain axon-specific molecular composition. However, it does not undergo homeostatic plasticity, contains lesser cisternal organelles, and receives fewer inhibitory inputs. Our findings reveal insights into AcD neuron biology and underscore AIS structural differences based on axon onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Han
- AG Optobiology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- AG “Neuronal Protein Transport”, Centre for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Hamburg, Germany
- Structural Cell Biology of Viruses, Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Hacker
- AG Optobiology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Roland Thuenauer
- Advanced Light and Fluorescence Microscopy (ALFM) Facility, Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Hamburg, Germany
- Technology Platform Light Microscopy, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Technology Platform Microscopy and Image Analysis (TP MIA), Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Kay Grünewald
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Hamburg, Germany
- Structural Cell Biology of Viruses, Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marina Mikhaylova
- AG Optobiology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- AG “Neuronal Protein Transport”, Centre for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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2
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Sanz-Gálvez R, Falardeau D, Kolta A, Inglebert Y. The role of astrocytes from synaptic to non-synaptic plasticity. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1477985. [PMID: 39493508 PMCID: PMC11527691 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1477985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 10/02/2024] [Indexed: 11/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Information storage and transfer in the brain require a high computational power. Neuronal network display various local or global mechanisms to allow information storage and transfer in the brain. From synaptic to intrinsic plasticity, the rules of input-output function modulation have been well characterized in neurons. In the past years, astrocytes have been suggested to increase the computational power of the brain and we are only just starting to uncover their role in information processing. Astrocytes maintain a close bidirectional communication with neurons to modify neuronal network excitability, transmission, axonal conduction, and plasticity through various mechanisms including the release of gliotransmitters or local ion homeostasis. Astrocytes have been significantly studied in the context of long-term or short-term synaptic plasticity, but this is not the only mechanism involved in memory formation. Plasticity of intrinsic neuronal excitability also participates in memory storage through regulation of voltage-gated ion channels or axonal morphological changes. Yet, the contribution of astrocytes to these other forms of non-synaptic plasticity remains to be investigated. In this review, we summarized the recent advances on the role of astrocytes in different forms of plasticity and discuss new directions and ideas to be explored regarding astrocytes-neuronal communication and regulation of plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Sanz-Gálvez
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche sur le Cerveau et l’Apprentissage (CIRCA), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Dominic Falardeau
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche sur le Cerveau et l’Apprentissage (CIRCA), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Arlette Kolta
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche sur le Cerveau et l’Apprentissage (CIRCA), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Stomatology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Yanis Inglebert
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche sur le Cerveau et l’Apprentissage (CIRCA), Montréal, QC, Canada
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3
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Moore S, Meschkat M, Ruhwedel T, Trevisiol A, Tzvetanova ID, Battefeld A, Kusch K, Kole MHP, Strenzke N, Möbius W, de Hoz L, Nave KA. A role of oligodendrocytes in information processing. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5497. [PMID: 33127910 PMCID: PMC7599337 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19152-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelinating oligodendrocytes enable fast propagation of action potentials along the ensheathed axons. In addition, oligodendrocytes play diverse non-canonical roles including axonal metabolic support and activity-dependent myelination. An open question remains whether myelination also contributes to information processing in addition to speeding up conduction velocity. Here, we analyze the role of myelin in auditory information processing using paradigms that are also good predictors of speech understanding in humans. We compare mice with different degrees of dysmyelination using acute multiunit recordings in the auditory cortex, in combination with behavioral readouts. We find complex alterations of neuronal responses that reflect fatigue and temporal acuity deficits. We observe partially discriminable but similar deficits in well myelinated mice in which glial cells cannot fully support axons metabolically. We suggest a model in which myelination contributes to sustained stimulus perception in temporally complex paradigms, with a role of metabolically active oligodendrocytes in cortical information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharlen Moore
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Neurosciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Göttingen Graduate Center for Neurosciences, Biophysics and Molecular Biosciences, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - Martin Meschkat
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Torben Ruhwedel
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Trevisiol
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Iva D Tzvetanova
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
- Section of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Arne Battefeld
- Department of Axonal Signaling, Netherlands Institute for Neurosciences, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Kathrin Kusch
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maarten H P Kole
- Department of Axonal Signaling, Netherlands Institute for Neurosciences, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nicola Strenzke
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wiebke Möbius
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Livia de Hoz
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.
- Charité Medical University, Neuroscience Research Center, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Göttingen, Germany
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4
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Lee JW. Protonic conductor: better understanding neural resting and action potential. J Neurophysiol 2020; 124:1029-1044. [PMID: 32816602 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00281.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
With the employment of the transmembrane electrostatic proton localization theory with a new membrane potential equation, neural resting and action potential is now much better understood as the voltage contributed by the localized protons/cations at a neural liquid- membrane interface. Accordingly, the neural resting/action potential is essentially a protonic/cationic membrane capacitor behavior. It is now understood with a newly formulated action potential equation: when action potential is <0 (negative number), the localized protons/cations charge density at the liquid-membrane interface along the periplasmic side is >0 (positive number); when the action potential is >0, the concentration of the localized protons and localized nonproton cations is <0, indicating a "depolarization" state. The nonlinear curve of the localized protons/cations charge density in the real-time domain of an action potential spike appears as an inverse mirror image to the action potential. The newly formulated action potential equation provides biophysical insights for neuron electrophysiology, which may represent a complementary development to the classic Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation. With the use of the action potential equation, the biological significance of axon myelination is now also elucidated as to provide protonic insulation and prevent any ions both inside and outside of the neuron from interfering with the action potential signal, so that the action potential can quickly propagate along the axon with minimal (e.g., 40 times less) energy requirement.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The newly formulated action potential equation provides biophysical insights for neuron electrophysiology, which may represent a complementary development to the classic Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation. The nonlinear curve of the localized protons/cations charge density in the real-time domain of an action potential spike appears as an inverse mirror image to the action potential. The biological significance of axon myelination is now elucidated as to provide protonic insulation and prevent any ions from interfering with action potential signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Weifu Lee
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia
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5
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Benedetti B, Dannehl D, Janssen JM, Corcelli C, Couillard-Després S, Engelhardt M. Structural and Functional Maturation of Rat Primary Motor Cortex Layer V Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6101. [PMID: 32847128 PMCID: PMC7503395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rodent neocortical neurons undergo prominent postnatal development and maturation. The process is associated with structural and functional maturation of the axon initial segment (AIS), the site of action potential initiation. In this regard, cell size and optimal AIS length are interconnected. In sensory cortices, developmental onset of sensory input and consequent changes in network activity cause phasic AIS plasticity that can also control functional output. In non-sensory cortices, network input driving phasic events should be less prominent. We, therefore, explored the relationship between postnatal functional maturation and AIS maturation in principal neurons of the primary motor cortex layer V (M1LV), a non-sensory area of the rat brain. We hypothesized that a rather continuous process of AIS maturation and elongation would reflect cell growth, accompanied by progressive refinement of functional output properties. We found that, in the first two postnatal weeks, cell growth prompted substantial decline of neuronal input resistance, such that older neurons needed larger input current to reach rheobase and fire action potentials. In the same period, we observed the most prominent AIS elongation and significant maturation of functional output properties. Alternating phases of AIS plasticity did not occur, and changes in functional output properties were largely justified by AIS elongation. From the third postnatal week up to five months of age, cell growth, AIS elongation, and functional output maturation were marginal. Thus, AIS maturation in M1LV is a continuous process that attunes the functional output of pyramidal neurons and associates with early postnatal development to counterbalance increasing electrical leakage due to cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Benedetti
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (D.D.); (S.C.-D.)
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1000 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominik Dannehl
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (D.D.); (S.C.-D.)
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (J.M.J.); (C.C.)
- Mannheim Center for Translational Neuroscience (MCTN), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jan Maximilian Janssen
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (J.M.J.); (C.C.)
- Mannheim Center for Translational Neuroscience (MCTN), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Corinna Corcelli
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (J.M.J.); (C.C.)
- Mannheim Center for Translational Neuroscience (MCTN), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sébastien Couillard-Després
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (D.D.); (S.C.-D.)
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1000 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maren Engelhardt
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (J.M.J.); (C.C.)
- Mannheim Center for Translational Neuroscience (MCTN), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
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6
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Moldovan M. Threshold tracking as a tool to study activity-dependent axonal plasticity. Clin Neurophysiol 2020; 131:1381-1382. [PMID: 32224021 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Moldovan
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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7
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Klein CS, Rymer WZ, Fisher MA. Altered nerve excitability properties after stroke are potentially associated with reduced neuromuscular activation. Clin Neurophysiol 2020; 131:1407-1418. [PMID: 32184063 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine limb differences in motor axon excitability properties in stroke survivors and their relation to maximal electromyographic (EMG) activity. METHODS The median nerve was stimulated to record compound muscle action potentials (CMAP) from the abductor pollicis brevis (APB) in 28 stroke subjects (57.3 ± 7.5 y) and 24 controls (56.7 ± 9.3 y). RESULTS Paretic limb axons differed significantly from non-paretic limb axons including (1) smaller superexcitability and subexcitability, (2) higher threshold during subthreshold depolarizing currents, (3) greater accommodation (S3) to hyperpolarization, and (4) a larger stimulus-response slope. There were smaller differences between the paretic and control limbs. Responses in the paretic limb were reproduced in a model by a 5.6 mV hyperpolarizing shift in the activation voltage of Ih (the current activated by hyperpolarization), together with an 11.8% decrease in nodal Na+ conductance or a 0.9 mV depolarizing shift in the Na+ activation voltage. Subjects with larger deficits in APB maximal voluntary EMG had larger limb differences in excitability properties. CONCLUSIONS Stroke leads to altered modulation of Ih and altered Na+ channel properties that may be partially attributed to a reduction in neuromuscular activation. SIGNIFICANCE Plastic changes occur in the axon node and internode that likely influence axon excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Klein
- Guangdong Work Injury Rehabilitation Center, Guangzhou 510440, China; Sensory Motor Performance Program, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - W Z Rymer
- Sensory Motor Performance Program, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M A Fisher
- Department of Neurology, Hines VAH, Hines, IL 60141, USA; Loyola University Chicago Medical Center, 2160 S. First Ave., Maywood, IL 60153, USA
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8
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Ai A, Behforouz A, Ehterami A, Sadeghvaziri N, Jalali S, Farzamfar S, Yousefbeigi A, Ai A, goodarzi A, Salehi M, Ai J. Sciatic nerve regeneration with collagen type I hydrogel containing chitosan nanoparticle loaded by insulin. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2018.1534114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Armin Ai
- Dental Student of Scientific Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aria Behforouz
- Dental Student of Scientific Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arian Ehterami
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nooshin Sadeghvaziri
- Dental Student of Scientific Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samar Jalali
- Dental Student of Scientific Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Farzamfar
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aylar Yousefbeigi
- Dental Student of Scientific Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arman Ai
- School of medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash goodarzi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Salehi
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
- Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Jafar Ai
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Salehi M, Naseri-Nosar M, Ebrahimi-Barough S, Nourani M, Vaez A, Farzamfar S, Ai J. Regeneration of sciatic nerve crush injury by a hydroxyapatite nanoparticle-containing collagen type I hydrogel. J Physiol Sci 2018; 68:579-587. [PMID: 28879494 PMCID: PMC10717918 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-017-0564-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The current study aimed to enhance the efficacy of peripheral nerve regeneration using a hydroxyapatite nanoparticle-containing collagen type I hydrogel. A solution of type I collagen, extracted from the rat tails, was incorporated with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (with the average diameter of ~212 nm) and crosslinked with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDC) to prepare the hydrogel. The Schwann cell cultivation on the prepared hydrogel demonstrated a significantly higher cell proliferation than the tissue culture plate, as positive control, after 48 h (n = 3, P < 0.005) and 72 h (n = 3, P < 0.01). For in vivo evaluation, the prepared hydrogel was administrated on the sciatic nerve crush injury in Wistar rats. Four groups were studied: negative control (with injury but without interventions), positive control (without injury), collagen hydrogel and hydroxyapatite nanoparticle-containing collagen hydrogel. After 12 weeks, the administration of hydroxyapatite nanoparticle-containing collagen significantly (n = 4, P < 0.005) enhanced the functional behavior of the rats compared with the collagen hydrogel and negative control groups as evidenced by the sciatic functional index, hot plate latency and compound muscle action potential amplitude measurements. The overall results demonstrated the applicability of the produced hydrogel for the regeneration of peripheral nerve injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Salehi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1417755469, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Naseri-Nosar
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1417755469, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Ebrahimi-Barough
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1417755469, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammdreza Nourani
- Nano Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, 1435944711, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Vaez
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1417755469, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Farzamfar
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1417755469, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Ai
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1417755469, Tehran, Iran.
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10
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Vural A, Doppler K, Meinl E. Autoantibodies Against the Node of Ranvier in Seropositive Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy: Diagnostic, Pathogenic, and Therapeutic Relevance. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1029. [PMID: 29867996 PMCID: PMC5960694 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovery of disease-associated autoantibodies has transformed the clinical management of a variety of neurological disorders. Detection of autoantibodies aids diagnosis and allows patient stratification resulting in treatment optimization. In the last years, a set of autoantibodies against proteins located at the node of Ranvier has been identified in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). These antibodies target neurofascin, contactin1, or contactin-associated protein 1, and we propose to name CIDP patients with these antibodies collectively as seropositive. They have unique clinical characteristics that differ from seronegative CIDP. Moreover, there is compelling evidence that autoantibodies are relevant for the pathogenesis. In this article, we review the current knowledge on the characteristics of autoantibodies against the node of Ranvier proteins and their clinical relevance in CIDP. We start with a description of the structure of the node of Ranvier followed by a summary of assays used to identify seropositive patients; and then, we describe clinical features and characteristics linked to seropositivity. We review knowledge on the role of these autoantibodies for the pathogenesis with relevance for the emerging concept of nodopathy/paranodopathy and summarize the treatment implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atay Vural
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Biomedical Center, University Hospitals, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kathrin Doppler
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Edgar Meinl
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Biomedical Center, University Hospitals, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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11
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Sriperumbudur KK, Pau HW, van Rienen U. Effect of Tissue Heterogeneity on the Transmembrane Potential of Type-1 Spiral Ganglion Neurons: A Simulation Study. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2018; 65:658-668. [DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2017.2700361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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12
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Colombo JA. Cellular complexity in subcortical white matter: a distributed control circuit? Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223:981-985. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1609-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Duménieu M, Oulé M, Kreutz MR, Lopez-Rojas J. The Segregated Expression of Voltage-Gated Potassium and Sodium Channels in Neuronal Membranes: Functional Implications and Regulatory Mechanisms. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:115. [PMID: 28484374 PMCID: PMC5403416 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons are highly polarized cells with apparent functional and morphological differences between dendrites and axon. A critical determinant for the molecular and functional identity of axonal and dendritic segments is the restricted expression of voltage-gated ion channels (VGCs). Several studies show an uneven distribution of ion channels and their differential regulation within dendrites and axons, which is a prerequisite for an appropriate integration of synaptic inputs and the generation of adequate action potential (AP) firing patterns. This review article will focus on the signaling pathways leading to segmented expression of voltage-gated potassium and sodium ion channels at the neuronal plasma membrane and the regulatory mechanisms ensuring segregated functions. We will also discuss the relevance of proper ion channel targeting for neuronal physiology and how alterations in polarized distribution contribute to neuronal pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maël Duménieu
- Research Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for NeurobiologyMagdeburg, Germany
| | - Marie Oulé
- Research Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for NeurobiologyMagdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael R Kreutz
- Research Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for NeurobiologyMagdeburg, Germany.,Leibniz Group "Dendritic Organelles and Synaptic Function", University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH)Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jeffrey Lopez-Rojas
- Research Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for NeurobiologyMagdeburg, Germany
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14
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Griggs RB, Yermakov LM, Susuki K. Formation and disruption of functional domains in myelinated CNS axons. Neurosci Res 2016; 116:77-87. [PMID: 27717670 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Communication in the central nervous system (CNS) occurs through initiation and propagation of action potentials at excitable domains along axons. Action potentials generated at the axon initial segment (AIS) are regenerated at nodes of Ranvier through the process of saltatory conduction. Proper formation and maintenance of the molecular structure at the AIS and nodes are required for sustaining conduction fidelity. In myelinated CNS axons, paranodal junctions between the axolemma and myelinating oligodendrocytes delineate nodes of Ranvier and regulate the distribution and localization of specialized functional elements, such as voltage-gated sodium channels and mitochondria. Disruption of excitable domains and altered distribution of functional elements in CNS axons is associated with demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis, and is likely a mechanism common to other neurological disorders. This review will provide a brief overview of the molecular structure of the AIS and nodes of Ranvier, as well as the distribution of mitochondria in myelinated axons. In addition, this review highlights important structural and functional changes within myelinated CNS axons that are associated with neurological dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan B Griggs
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Leonid M Yermakov
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Keiichiro Susuki
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States.
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