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Bousquet J, Ansotegui IJ, Anto JM, Arnavielhe S, Bachert C, Basagaña X, Bédard A, Bedbrook A, Bonini M, Bosnic-Anticevich S, Braido F, Cardona V, Czarlewski W, Cruz AA, Demoly P, De Vries G, Dramburg S, Mathieu-Dupas E, Erhola M, Fokkens WJ, Fonseca JA, Haahtela T, Hellings PW, Illario M, Ivancevich JC, Jormanainen V, Klimek L, Kuna P, Kvedariene V, Laune D, Larenas-Linnemann D, Lourenço O, Onorato GL, Matricardi PM, Melén E, Mullol J, Papadopoulos NG, Pfaar O, Pham-Thi N, Sheikh A, Tan R, To T, Tomazic PV, Toppila-Salmi S, Tripodi S, Wallace D, Valiulis A, van Eerd M, Ventura MT, Yorgancioglu A, Zuberbier T. Mobile Technology in Allergic Rhinitis: Evolution in Management or Revolution in Health and Care? THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2019; 7:2511-2523. [PMID: 31445223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2019.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Smart devices and Internet-based applications (apps) are largely used in allergic rhinitis and may help to address some unmet needs. However, these new tools need to first of all be tested for privacy rules, acceptability, usability, and cost-effectiveness. Second, they should be evaluated in the frame of the digital transformation of health, their impact on health care delivery, and health outcomes. This review (1) summarizes some existing mobile health apps for allergic rhinitis and reviews those in which testing has been published, (2) discusses apps that include risk factors of allergic rhinitis, (3) examines the impact of mobile health apps in phenotype discovery, (4) provides real-world evidence for care pathways, and finally (5) discusses mobile health tools enabling the digital transformation of health and care, empowering citizens, and building a healthier society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Bousquet
- University Hospital, Montpellier, France; MACVIA-France, Fondation partenariale FMC VIA-LR, Montpellier, France; VIMA, INSERM U 1168, VIMA: Ageing and chronic diseases Epidemiological and public health approaches, Villejuif, Université Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Montigny le Bretonneux, France; Euforea, Brussels, Belgium; Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Berlin Institute of Health, Comprehensive Allergy Center, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ignacio J Ansotegui
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Hospital Quirónsalud Bizkaia, Erandio, Spain
| | - Josep M Anto
- ISGlobAL, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Claus Bachert
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, ENT Department, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xavier Basagaña
- ISGlobAL, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Annabelle Bédard
- ISGlobAL, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Bedbrook
- MACVIA-France, Fondation partenariale FMC VIA-LR, Montpellier, France
| | - Matteo Bonini
- UOC Pneumologia, Istituto di Medicina Interna, F Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; National Heart and Lung Institute, Royal Brompton Hospital & Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sinthia Bosnic-Anticevich
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Glebe, NSW, Australia; Woolcock Emphysema Centre and Sydney Local Health District, Glebe, NSW, Australia
| | - Fulvio Braido
- Department of Internal Medicine (DiMI), University of Genoa, Genova, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Vicky Cardona
- Allergy Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Vall d'Hebron & ARADyAL Research Network, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Alvaro A Cruz
- ProAR-Nucleo de Excelencia em Asma, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; WHO GARD Planning Group, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Pascal Demoly
- Department of Pulmonology, Division of Allergy, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Equipe EPAR-IPLESP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | | | - Stephanie Dramburg
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Marina Erhola
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Wytske J Fokkens
- Euforea, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joao A Fonseca
- CINTESIS, Center for Research in Health Technology and Information Systems, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Medida, Lda, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tari Haahtela
- Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Peter W Hellings
- Euforea, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maddalena Illario
- Division for Health Innovation, Campania Region and Federico II University Hospital Naples (R&D and DISMET), Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Ludger Klimek
- Center for Rhinology and Allergology, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Piotr Kuna
- Division of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Barlicki University Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Violeta Kvedariene
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinic of Chest Diseases and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Désirée Larenas-Linnemann
- Center of Excellence in Asthma and Allergy, Médica Sur Clinical Foundation and Hospital, México City, Mexico
| | - Olga Lourenço
- Faculty of Health Sciences and CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | | | - Paolo M Matricardi
- AG Molecular Allergology and Immunomodulation, Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Charité Medical University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Erik Melén
- E. Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joaquim Mullol
- Rhinology Unit & Smell Clinic, ENT Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Clinical & Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, IDIBAPS, CIBERES, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nikos G Papadopoulos
- Division of Infection, Immunity & Respiratory Medicine, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Allergy Department, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, Athens General Children's Hospital "P&A Kyriakou", University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Oliver Pfaar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Rhinology and Allergy, University Hospital Marburg, Phillipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nhân Pham-Thi
- Allergy Department, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
| | - Aziz Sheikh
- The Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Tan
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Glebe, NSW, Australia; Woolcock Emphysema Centre and Sydney Local Health District, Glebe, NSW, Australia
| | - Teresa To
- Sidkkids Hospital and Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Sanna Toppila-Salmi
- Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Dana Wallace
- Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Fla
| | - Arunas Valiulis
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinic of Children's Diseases, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania; Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania; European Academy of Paediatrics (EAP/UEMS-SP), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Maria Teresa Ventura
- University of Bari Medical School, Unit of Geriatric Immunoallergology, Bari, Italy
| | - Arzu Yorgancioglu
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Torsten Zuberbier
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Uniersität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Comprehensive Allergy-Centre, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Berlin, Germany; Member of GA(2)LEN, Berlin, Germany
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3
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Bousquet J, Arnavielhe S, Bedbrook A, Bewick M, Laune D, Mathieu-Dupas E, Murray R, Onorato GL, Pépin JL, Picard R, Portejoie F, Costa E, Fonseca J, Lourenço O, Morais-Almeida M, Todo-Bom A, Cruz AA, da Silva J, Serpa FS, Illario M, Menditto E, Cecchi L, Monti R, Napoli L, Ventura MT, De Feo G, Larenas-Linnemann D, Fuentes Perez M, Huerta Villabolos YR, Rivero-Yeverino D, Rodriguez-Zagal E, Amat F, Annesi-Maesano I, Bosse I, Demoly P, Devillier P, Fontaine JF, Just J, Kuna TP, Samolinski B, Valiulis A, Emuzyte R, Kvedariene V, Ryan D, Sheikh A, Schmidt-Grendelmeier P, Klimek L, Pfaar O, Bergmann KC, Mösges R, Zuberbier T, Roller-Wirnsberger RE, Tomazic P, Fokkens WJ, Chavannes NH, Reitsma S, Anto JM, Cardona V, Dedeu T, Mullol J, Haahtela T, Salimäki J, Toppila-Salmi S, Valovirta E, Gemicioğlu B, Yorgancioglu A, Papadopoulos N, Prokopakis EP, Bosnic-Anticevich S, O’Hehir R, Ivancevich JC, Neffen H, Zernotti E, Kull I, Melen E, Wickman M, Bachert C, Hellings P, Palkonen S, Bindslev-Jensen C, Eller E, Waserman S, Sova M, De Vries G, van Eerd M, Agache I, Casale T, Dykewickz M, Naclerio RN, Okamoto Y, Wallace DV. MASK 2017: ARIA digitally-enabled, integrated, person-centred care for rhinitis and asthma multimorbidity using real-world-evidence. Clin Transl Allergy 2018; 8:45. [PMID: 30386555 PMCID: PMC6201545 DOI: 10.1186/s13601-018-0227-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
mHealth, such as apps running on consumer smart devices is becoming increasingly popular and has the potential to profoundly affect healthcare and health outcomes. However, it may be disruptive and results achieved are not always reaching the goals. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) has evolved from a guideline using the best evidence-based approach to care pathways suited to real-life using mobile technology in allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma multimorbidity. Patients largely use over-the-counter medications dispensed in pharmacies. Shared decision making centered around the patient and based on self-management should be the norm. Mobile Airways Sentinel networK (MASK), the Phase 3 ARIA initiative, is based on the freely available MASK app (the Allergy Diary, Android and iOS platforms). MASK is available in 16 languages and deployed in 23 countries. The present paper provides an overview of the methods used in MASK and the key results obtained to date. These include a novel phenotypic characterization of the patients, confirmation of the impact of allergic rhinitis on work productivity and treatment patterns in real life. Most patients appear to self-medicate, are often non-adherent and do not follow guidelines. Moreover, the Allergy Diary is able to distinguish between AR medications. The potential usefulness of MASK will be further explored by POLLAR (Impact of Air Pollution on Asthma and Rhinitis), a new Horizon 2020 project using the Allergy Diary.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Bousquet
- MACVIA-France, Fondation Partenariale FMC VIA-LR, CHRU Arnaud de Villeneuve, 371 Avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, Montpellier, France
- INSERM U 1168, VIMA: Ageing and Chronic Diseases Epidemiological and Public Health Approaches, Villejuif, Université Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, UMR-S 1168, Montigny le Bretonneux, France
- Euforea, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - A. Bedbrook
- MACVIA-France, Fondation Partenariale FMC VIA-LR, CHRU Arnaud de Villeneuve, 371 Avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, Montpellier, France
| | | | - D. Laune
- KYomed-INNOV, Montpellier, France
| | | | - R. Murray
- MedScript Ltd, Dundalk, Co Louth Ireland
| | - G. L. Onorato
- MACVIA-France, Fondation Partenariale FMC VIA-LR, CHRU Arnaud de Villeneuve, 371 Avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, Montpellier, France
| | - J. L. Pépin
- Laboratoire HP2, Grenoble, INSERM, U1042, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - R. Picard
- Conseil Général de l’Economie Ministère de l’Economie, de l’Industrie et du Numérique, Paris, France
| | - F. Portejoie
- MACVIA-France, Fondation Partenariale FMC VIA-LR, CHRU Arnaud de Villeneuve, 371 Avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, Montpellier, France
| | - E. Costa
- UCIBIO, REQUINTE, Faculty of Pharmacy and Competence Center on Active and Healthy Ageing, University of Porto (Porto4Ageing), Porto, Portugal
| | - J. Fonseca
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research- CINTESIS, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Medida, Lda, Porto, Portugal
| | - O. Lourenço
- Faculty of Health Sciences and CICS – UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | | | - A. Todo-Bom
- Imunoalergologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra and Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A. A. Cruz
- ProAR – Nucleo de Excelencia em Asma, Federal University of Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Brazil
- WHO GARD Planning Group, Salvador, Brazil
| | - J. da Silva
- Allergy Service, University Hospital of Federal University of Santa Catarina (HU-UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - F. S. Serpa
- Asthma Reference Center, Escola Superior de Ciencias da Santa Casa de Misericordia de Vitoria, Vitória, Esperito Santo Brazil
| | - M. Illario
- Division for Health Innovation, Campania Region and Federico II University Hospital Naples (R&D and DISMET), Naples, Italy
| | - E. Menditto
- CIRFF, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - L. Cecchi
- SOS Allergology and Clinical Immunology, USL Toscana Centro, Prato, Italy
| | - R. Monti
- Department of Medical Sciences, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, University of Torino & Mauriziano Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - L. Napoli
- Consortium of Pharmacies and Services COSAFER, Salerno, Italy
| | - M. T. Ventura
- Unit of Geriatric Immunoallergology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - G. De Feo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - D. Larenas-Linnemann
- Center of Excellence in Asthma and Allergy, Hospital Médica Sur, México City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | - F. Amat
- Allergology Department, Centre de l’Asthme et des Allergies Hôpital d’Enfants Armand-Trousseau (APHP), Paris, France
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Sorbonne Universités, Equipe EPAR, 75013 Paris, France
| | - I. Annesi-Maesano
- Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases, Department Institute Pierre Louis of Epidemiology and Public Health, INSERM, UPMC Sorbonne Université, Medical School Saint Antoine, Paris, France
| | | | - P. Demoly
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - P. Devillier
- UPRES EA220, Pôle des Maladies des Voies Respiratoires, Hôpital Foch, Université Paris-Saclay, Suresnes, France
| | | | - J. Just
- Allergology Department, Centre de l’Asthme et des Allergies Hôpital d’Enfants Armand-Trousseau (APHP), Paris, France
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Sorbonne Universités, Equipe EPAR, 75013 Paris, France
| | - T. P. Kuna
- Division of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Barlicki University Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - B. Samolinski
- Department of Prevention of Environmental Hazards and Allergology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A. Valiulis
- Clinic of Children’s Diseases, and Institute of Health Sciences Department of Public Health, Vilnius University Institute of Clinical Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
- European Academy of Paediatrics (EAP/UEMS-SP), Brussels, Belgium
| | - R. Emuzyte
- Clinic of Children’s Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - V. Kvedariene
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - D. Ryan
- Woodbrook Medical Centre, Loughborough, UK
- Allergy and Respiratory Research Group, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Medical School, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A. Sheikh
- Centre of Medical Informatics, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - L. Klimek
- Center for Rhinology and Allergology, Wiesbaden, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - O. Pfaar
- Center for Rhinology and Allergology, Wiesbaden, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - K. C. Bergmann
- Comprehensive Allergy-Centre-Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA2LEN), Berlin, Germany
| | - R. Mösges
- Institute of Medical Statistics, and Computational Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- CRI-Clinical Research International-Ltd, Hamburg, Germany
| | - T. Zuberbier
- Comprehensive Allergy-Centre-Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA2LEN), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - P. Tomazic
- Department of ENT, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - W. J. Fokkens
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N. H. Chavannes
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - S. Reitsma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J. M. Anto
- ISGlobAL, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - V. Cardona
- Allergy Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Vall ‘dHebron & ARADyAL Research Network, Barcelona, Spain
| | - T. Dedeu
- AQuAS, Barcelona, Spain
- EUREGHA, European Regional and Local Health Association, Brussels, Belgium
| | - J. Mullol
- Rhinology Unit and Smell Clinic, ENT Department, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, IDIBAPS, CIBERES, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - T. Haahtela
- Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J. Salimäki
- Association of Finnish Pharmacists, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S. Toppila-Salmi
- Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - E. Valovirta
- Department of Lung Diseases and Clinical Immunology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Terveystalo Allergy Clinic, Turku, Finland
| | - B. Gemicioğlu
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A. Yorgancioglu
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
- GARD Executive Committee, Manisa, Turkey
| | - N. Papadopoulos
- Center for Pediatrics and Child Health, Institute of Human Development, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Allergy Department, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, Athens General Children’s Hospital “P&A Kyriakou”, University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - E. P. Prokopakis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece
| | - S. Bosnic-Anticevich
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Glebe, NSW Australia
| | - R. O’Hehir
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC Australia
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - J. C. Ivancevich
- Servicio de Alergia e Immunologia, Clinica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - H. Neffen
- Director of Center of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Diseases, Santa Fe, Argentina Center for Allergy and Immunology, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - E. Zernotti
- Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - I. Kull
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E. Melen
- Sachs’ Children and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M. Wickman
- Centre for Clinical Research Sörmland, Uppsala University, Eskilstuna, Sweden
| | - C. Bachert
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, ENT Department, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - P. Hellings
- Euforea, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Univ Hospitals Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
- Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S. Palkonen
- EFA European Federation of Allergy and Airways Diseases Patients’ Associations, Brussels, Belgium
| | - C. Bindslev-Jensen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense University Hospital, Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis (ORCA), Odense, Denmark
| | - E. Eller
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense University Hospital, Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis (ORCA), Odense, Denmark
| | - S. Waserman
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Immunology and Allergy, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - M. Sova
- University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - I. Agache
- Faculty of Medicine, Transylvania University, Brasov, Romania
| | - T. Casale
- Division of Allergy/Immunology, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA
| | - M. Dykewickz
- Section of Allergy and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO USA
| | | | - Y. Okamoto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - D. V. Wallace
- Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida USA
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