1
|
Mahmoud HY, Rady AA, Tanaka T. Molecular detection and characterization of Theileria annulata, Babesia bovis, and Babesia bigemina infecting cattle and buffalo in southern Egypt. Parasite Epidemiol Control 2024; 25:e00340. [PMID: 38333559 PMCID: PMC10847785 DOI: 10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne diseases have a major adverse effect on livestock worldwide, causing enormous economic losses in meat and milk production as well threatening animal and public health. In this study, we aimed to detect and characterize piroplasms isolated from cattle and buffalo in southern Egypt, using molecular techniques. Three hundred blood samples were collected from cattle and buffalo in two governorates in southern Egypt. All 300 samples (100%) were confirmed to contain DNA, as they exhibited bands of bovine β-actin gene at the expected 227 bp for cattle and buffalo. The samples were analyzed by PCR for the presence of piroplasms, specifically Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina, and Theileria annulata. Samples positive for the piroplasma 18S ribosomal RNA gene were further examined for two additional genes, spherical body protein 4 gene, to provide an enhanced degree of specificity for the identification of B. bovis and B. bigemina, and the major merozoite surface antigen gene for T. annulata. The infection rate for piroplasma spp. was 60/300 (20%). The positivity rates were 10.7% (32/300) for T. annulata, 5.3% (16/300) for B. bovis, and 4% (12/300) for B. bigemina. By host species, 42/150 (28%) cattle and 18/150 (12%) buffalo were positive for piroplasms. None of the isolates sequenced for the B. bovis isolates from buffalo in this study showed 100% identity with any sequence deposited in GenBank for the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (maximum identity value = 99.74%). Similarly, no T. annulata small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequence identified in this study exhibited 100% identity with any sequence deposited in GenBank (maximum identity value = 99.89%). The current study provides a partial sequence of the T. annulata merozoite-piroplasm surface antigen gene, as well as the B. bovis and B. bigemina spherical body protein 4 genes, in cattle and buffalo in southern Egypt, and is the first report on these piroplasma genes in cattle and buffalo in southern Egypt.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Y.A.H. Mahmoud
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Animal Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Abdelrahman A. Rady
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Animal Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Tetsuya Tanaka
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Multiplex PCR for rapid differential diagnosis of co-prevalent species of Theileria (Theileria annulata and Theileria orientalis) in cattle. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:1189-1197. [PMID: 36897381 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07819-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Theileriosis is a tick-borne disease that causes enormous losses in the dairy industry. There are several species of Theileria that can infect bovines. Generally, more than one species are prevalent in any geographical area; thus, chances of co-infections are high. Differentiation of these species may not be possible by microscopic examination or serological tests. Therefore, in this study, a multiplex PCR assay was standardized and evaluated for rapid and simultaneous differential detection of two species of Theileria viz., Theileria annulata and Theileria orientalis. Species-specific primers were designed to target the merozoite piroplasm surface antigen gene (TAMS1) of T. annulata and the major piroplasm surface protein gene of T. orientalis, yielding specific amplicon of 229 bp and 466 bp, respectively. The sensitivity of multiplex PCR was 102 and 103 copies for T. annulata and T. orientalis, respectively. The simplex and multiplex PCRs were specific and showed no cross-reactivity with other hemoprotozoa for either primer. For comparative evaluation, blood samples from 216 cattle were tested by simplex and multiplex PCR for both species. Using multiplex PCR, 131 animals were found infected for theileriosis, of which 112 were infected with T. annulata, five were infected with T. orientalis, and 14 had mixed infections. This is the first report of T. orientalis from Haryana, India. Representative sequences of T. annulata (ON248941) and T. orientalis (ON248942) were submitted in GenBank. The standardized multiplex PCR assay used in this study was specific, sensitive, for the screening of field samples.
Collapse
|
3
|
Cao T, Liu J, Li Z, Shi K, Shi M, Li Y, Guan G, Yin H, Luo J. Establishment and application of a qPCR diagnostic method for Theileria annulata. Parasitol Res 2022; 121:973-980. [PMID: 35080659 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07434-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Bovine theileriosis caused by several Theileria species including Theileria annulata, Theileria parva, Theileria orientalis, Theileria mutans, and Theileria sinensis is a significant hemoprotozoan tick-borne disease. Among these, Theileria species, T. annulata, which causes tropical theileriosis (TT), is regarded as one of the most pathogenic and is responsible for high mortality. At present, most conventional diagnostic methods for tropical theileriosis are time-consuming and laborious and cannot distinguish newfound T. sinensis in China. Therefore, a high sensitivity and specificity real-time quantitative PCR method based on the TA19140 target molecule was developed, and the method was found to be specific for T. annulata. No cross-reaction was observed with T. sinensis, T. orientalis, Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina, or Hyalomma anatolicum which is negative for T. annulata. A total of 809 field samples from different regions of China were analyzed by using the developed qPCR and conventional PCR. The positive samples for T. annulata detected by real-time qPCR and conventional PCR were 66/809 (8.16%) and 20/809 (2.47%), respectively, and all positive amplicons by qPCR were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. The results showed that the developed qPCR for the T. annulata 19,140 gene was more sensitive than conventional PCR. In addition, we first discovered that TA19140 was mainly expressed at the schizont and merozoite stages of T. annulata by relative quantification. The protein encoded by the TA19140 gene may be used as a potential diagnostic antigen for tropical theileriosis. In conclusion, a real-time quantitative PCR diagnostic method targeting the TA19140 gene was successfully established and could be used for both the quantitative and qualitative analysis of T. annulata infection from cattle and vector ticks, which will greatly help to control and diagnosis of tropical theileriosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianxing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, People's Republic of China
| | - Junlong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangyan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, People's Republic of China
| | - Youquan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiquan Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Foughali AA, Ziam H, Aiza A, Boulkrout H, Berber A, Bitam I, Gharbi M. Cross-sectional survey of cattle haemopathogens in Constantine, Northeast Algeria. Vet Med Sci 2021; 7:1237-1244. [PMID: 33683831 PMCID: PMC8294368 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of haemopathogens in cattle in Beni Hamidene locality, district of Constantine (Νortheastern Algeria). Between June and October 2014, 169 bovines from 25 farms were included in this survey, 32 (18.9%) among them were suspected of piroplasmosis and/or anaplasmosis. Infection prevalences were estimated by microscopic examination of Giemsa‐stained blood smears and blood samples from all included cattle (n = 169). Animals were infected by Theileria annulata (65/169; 38.46%), Anaplasma marginale (22/169; 13%) and Babesia bovis (5/169; 3%). Two co‐infection patterns were found: Theileria annulata/Anaplasma marginale (7.69%) and Theileria annulata/Babesia bovis (1.18%). Only one farm had no cattle infected by any of the haemopathogens. There was a signification difference of T. annulata infection prevalence according to age category (p =.04). These results emphasised mainly the presence of bovine tropical theileriosis in northeastern, Beni Hamidene locality, province of Constantine, Algeria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asma Amina Foughali
- Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Environnement : Interactions et Génomes. Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumédiène, Algiers, Algeria.,Institut des Sciences Vétérinaires, Université Saad Dahlab, Ouled Yaich, Blida, Algeria
| | - Hocine Ziam
- Institut des Sciences Vétérinaires, Université Saad Dahlab, Ouled Yaich, Blida, Algeria.,Laboratoire de Biotechnologie, Environnement et Santé, Université Saad Dahlab, Blida, Algeria
| | - Asma Aiza
- Laboratoire des Biotechnologies Liées à la Reproduction Animale (LBRA), Université Blida 1, Blida, Algeria
| | | | - Ali Berber
- Laboratoire des Biotechnologies Liées à la Reproduction Animale (LBRA), Université Blida 1, Blida, Algeria
| | - Idir Bitam
- Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Environnement : Interactions et Génomes. Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumédiène, Algiers, Algeria.,École Supérieure en Sciences de l'Aliment et des Industries Agroalimentaires (ESSAIA), El Harrach, Alger, Algeria
| | - Mohamed Gharbi
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, École Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi Thabet, Univ. Manouba, Sidi Thabet, 2020, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Agina OA, Shaari MR, Isa NMM, Ajat M, Zamri-Saad M, Hamzah H. Clinical Pathology, Immunopathology and Advanced Vaccine Technology in Bovine Theileriosis: A Review. Pathogens 2020; 9:E697. [PMID: 32854179 PMCID: PMC7558346 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9090697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Theileriosis is a blood piroplasmic disease that adversely affects the livestock industry, especially in tropical and sub-tropical countries. It is caused by haemoprotozoan of the Theileria genus, transmitted by hard ticks and which possesses a complex life cycle. The clinical course of the disease ranges from benign to lethal, but subclinical infections can occur depending on the infecting Theileria species. The main clinical and clinicopathological manifestations of acute disease include fever, lymphadenopathy, anorexia and severe loss of condition, conjunctivitis, and pale mucous membranes that are associated with Theileria-induced immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia and/or non-regenerative anaemia. Additionally, jaundice, increases in hepatic enzymes, and variable leukocyte count changes are seen. Theileria annulata and Theileria parva induce an incomplete transformation of lymphoid and myeloid cell lineages, and these cells possess certain phenotypes of cancer cells. Pathogenic genotypes of Theileria orientalis have been recently associated with severe production losses in Southeast Asia and some parts of Europe. The infection and treatment method (ITM) is currently used in the control and prevention of T. parva infection, and recombinant vaccines are still under evaluation. The use of gene gun immunization against T. parva infection has been recently evaluated. This review, therefore, provides an overview of the clinicopathological and immunopathological profiles of Theileria-infected cattle and focus on DNA vaccines consisting of plasmid DNA with genes of interest, molecular adjuvants, and chitosan as the most promising next-generation vaccine against bovine theileriosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Onyinyechukwu Ada Agina
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria
| | - Mohd Rosly Shaari
- Animal Science Research Centre, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Headquarters, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Nur Mahiza Md Isa
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Mokrish Ajat
- Department of Veterinary Pre-clinical sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Mohd Zamri-Saad
- Research Centre for Ruminant Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Hazilawati Hamzah
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sahoo N, Behera BK, Khuntia HK, Dash M. Prevalence of carrier state theileriosis in lactating cows. Vet World 2017; 10:1471-1474. [PMID: 29391688 PMCID: PMC5771172 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.1471-1474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The objective of this study was to examine the carrier status of theileriosis among apparently healthy cross-bred jersey cattle population of Odisha using conventional blood smear examination and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Materials and Methods: A total of 34 apparently healthy cross-bred Jersey lactating cows were considered in this study. Blood samples were subjected to microscopic examination after staining with Giemsa stain and PCR based molecular diagnosis using two sets of primer, i.e., N516/N517 and TorF1/TorF2 specific for Theileria annulata and Theileriaorientalis, respectively. Results: Examination of blood samples revealed presence of theileria parasites to a magnitude of 20.59% for T. annulata, 8.82% for T. orientalis, and 2.94% for both. Conclusion: Molecular diagnosis was found to be much more sensitive than conventional method for diagnosis of theileriosis. T. annulata was found to be the predominant species affecting the exotic cattle. T. orientalis was detected in apparently healthy cows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niranjana Sahoo
- Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Bikash Kumar Behera
- Centre for Wildlife Health, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Hemant Kumar Khuntia
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, 751023, Odisha, India
| | - Manojita Dash
- Centre for Wildlife Health, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751003, Odisha, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
George N, Bhandari V, Reddy DP, Sharma P. Molecular and Phylogenetic analysis revealed new genotypes of Theileria annulata parasites from India. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:468. [PMID: 26381127 PMCID: PMC4573477 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-1075-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tick borne diseases impinge cattle worldwide causing mortality and resulting in huge economic losses. Theileriosis is one of the important tick borne diseases mainly caused by Theileria annulata and one of the commonly occurring infections among the livestock. T. annulata causes immense loss to the livestock industry and therefore, efficacious eradication and control strategies are needed for the control of the disease. Genetic diversity among T. annulata parasites is another important aspect which is overlooked in India. Thus, the present study aims to evaluate the prevalence along with genetic diversity and phylogeny of the prevailing T. annulata population of India. Methods Genomic DNA was extracted from cattle blood samples (n = 862) from different regions of Andhra Pradesh. Molecular diagnosis using T. annulata 18S rRNA based PCR was performed to detect parasites in cattle. Further, 18S rRNA gene was cloned and sequenced to determine similarity and diversity from the known T. annulata sequences. Results We observed an overall prevalence rate of 32.40 % T. annulata infection in Andhra Pradesh based on PCR assay. The sequence analysis revealed novel genotypes among the T. annulata strains from India. Thirteen strains showed closed proximity with a strain from China whereas one Indian strain showed similarity with a South African strain [Theileria sp (buffalo)] based on phylogenetic analysis. Nucleotide heterogeneity of the 18S rRNA sequence among the strains examined varied from 0.1 to 8.6 % when compared with the published strains. Conclusion The present study provides us with the molecular prevalence of theileriosis, and will support the accomplishment of actions or in design of strategy to control theileriosis transmission to cattle. Additionally, it highlights the emergence of strains with novel genotypes from India.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neena George
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology-DBT (NIAB), D. No. 1-121/1, 4th and 5th Floors, Axis Clinicals Building, Miyapur, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
| | - Vasundhra Bhandari
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology-DBT (NIAB), D. No. 1-121/1, 4th and 5th Floors, Axis Clinicals Building, Miyapur, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
| | - D Peddi Reddy
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology-DBT (NIAB), D. No. 1-121/1, 4th and 5th Floors, Axis Clinicals Building, Miyapur, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
| | - Paresh Sharma
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology-DBT (NIAB), D. No. 1-121/1, 4th and 5th Floors, Axis Clinicals Building, Miyapur, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
| |
Collapse
|