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Xu X, Wang J, Xia Y, Yin Y, Zhu T, Chen F, Hai C. Autophagy, a double-edged sword for oral tissue regeneration. J Adv Res 2024; 59:141-159. [PMID: 37356803 PMCID: PMC11081970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral health is of fundamental importance to maintain systemic health in humans. Stem cell-based oral tissue regeneration is a promising strategy to achieve the recovery of impaired oral tissue. As a highly conserved process of lysosomal degradation, autophagy induction regulates stem cell function physiologically and pathologically. Autophagy activation can serve as a cytoprotective mechanism in stressful environments, while insufficient or over-activation may also lead to cell function dysregulation and cell death. AIM OF REVIEW This review focuses on the effects of autophagy on stem cell function and oral tissue regeneration, with particular emphasis on diverse roles of autophagy in different oral tissues, including periodontal tissue, bone tissue, dentin pulp tissue, oral mucosa, salivary gland, maxillofacial muscle, temporomandibular joint, etc. Additionally, this review introduces the molecular mechanisms involved in autophagy during the regeneration of different parts of oral tissue, and how autophagy can be regulated by small molecule drugs, biomaterials, exosomes/RNAs or other specific treatments. Finally, this review discusses new perspectives for autophagy manipulation and oral tissue regeneration. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Overall, this review emphasizes the contribution of autophagy to oral tissue regeneration and highlights the possible approaches for regulating autophagy to promote the regeneration of human oral tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China; Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yunlong Xia
- Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China; Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yuan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Tianxiao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China; Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Faming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Chunxu Hai
- Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China.
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2
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Cao Q, Dong P, Han H. Therapeutic Effects of the major alkaloid constituents of Evodia rutaecarpa in Alzheimer's disease. Psychogeriatrics 2024; 24:443-457. [PMID: 38173117 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.13051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Since the report of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in 1907, it has garnered widespread attention due to its intricate pathogenic mechanisms, significant impact on patients' lives, and the substantial burden it places on society. Presently, effective treatments for AD remain elusive. Recent pharmacological studies on the traditional East Asian herb, Evodia rutaecarpa, have revealed that the bioactive alkaloid components within it can ameliorate AD-related cognitive impairments and neurological damage through various pathways, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-acetylcholinesterase activities. Consequently, this article provides an overview of the pharmacological effects and research status of the four main alkaloid components found in Evodia concerning AD. We hope this article will serve as a valuable reference for experimental and clinical research on the use of Evodia in AD prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Cao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Peiliang Dong
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Hua Han
- College of Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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Binmahfouz LS, Hassanein EH, Bagher AM, Hareeri RH, Alamri ZZ, Algandaby MM, Abdel-Daim MM, Abdel-Naim AB. Berberine alleviates chlorpyrifos-induced nephrotoxicity in rats via modulation of Nrf2/HO-1 axis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25233. [PMID: 38327393 PMCID: PMC10847644 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPS), an organophosphorus insecticide, is widely used for agricultural and non-agricultural purposes with hazardous health effects. Berberine (BBR) is a traditional Chinese medicine and a phytochemical with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. The present study evaluated the effects of BBR against kidney damage induced by CPS and the underlying mechanisms. An initial study indicated that BBR 50 mg/kg was optimal under our experimental conditions. Then, 24 rats (6/group) were randomized into: control, BBR (50 mg/kg/day), CPS (10 mg/kg/day), and CPS + BBR. BBR was administration 1 h prior to CPS. Each treatment was delivered daily for a period of 28 consecutive days using a gastric gavage tube. Compared to CPS-alone treated rats, BBR effectively improved renal function by preventing the rise in serum urea, creatinine, and uric levels. The reno-protective effects of BBR were confirmed through a histological examination of kidney tissues. BBR restored oxidant-antioxidant balance in renal tissues mediated by Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 axis modulation. In addition, BBR decreased nitric oxide (NO) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. This was paralleled with the potent down-regulation of NF-κB. Furthermore, BBR exhibited anti-apoptotic activities supported by the upregulation of Bcl-2 and down-regulation of Bax and caspase-3 expression. In conclusion, our data suggest that BBR attenuates CPS-induced nephrotoxicity in rats by restoring oxidant-antioxidant balance and inhibiting inflammatory response and apoptosis in renal tissue. This is mediated, at least partly, by modulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenah S. Binmahfouz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad H.M. Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Amina M. Bagher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawan H. Hareeri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zaenah Z. Alamri
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mardi M. Algandaby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Medicinal Plants Research Group, Deanship of Scientific Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, 21442, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Ashraf B. Abdel-Naim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Medicinal Plants Research Group, Deanship of Scientific Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Li W, Xiang Z, Yu W, Huang X, Jiang Q, Abumansour A, Yang Y, Chen C. Natural compounds and mesenchymal stem cells: implications for inflammatory-impaired tissue regeneration. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:34. [PMID: 38321524 PMCID: PMC10848428 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03641-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a common and important pathological process occurring in any part of the body and relating to a variety of diseases. Effective tissue repair is critical for the survival of impaired organisms. Considering the side effects of the currently used anti-inflammatory medications, new therapeutic agents are urgently needed for the improvement of regenerative capacities of inflammatory-impaired tissues. Mesenchymal stromal stem/progenitor cells (MSCs) are characterized by the capabilities of self-renewal and multipotent differentiation and exhibit immunomodulatory capacity. Due to the ability to modulate inflammatory phenotypes and immune responses, MSCs have been considered as a potential alternative therapy for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Natural compounds (NCs) are complex small multiple-target molecules mostly derived from plants and microorganisms, exhibiting therapeutic effects in many disorders, such as osteoporosis, diabetes, cancer, and inflammatory/autoimmune diseases. Recently, increasing studies focused on the prominent effects of NCs on MSCs, including the regulation of cell survival and inflammatory response, as well as osteogenic/adipogenic differentiation capacities, which indicate the roles of NCs on MSC-based cytotherapy in several inflammatory diseases. Their therapeutic effects and fewer side effects in numerous physiological processes, compared to chemosynthetic drugs, made them to be a new therapeutic avenue combined with MSCs for impaired tissue regeneration. Here we summarize the current understanding of the influence of NCs on MSCs and related downstream signaling pathways, specifically in pathological inflammatory conditions. In addition, the emerging concepts through the combination of NCs and MSCs to expand the therapeutic perspectives are highlighted. A promising MSC source from oral/dental tissues is also discussed, with a remarkable potential for MSC-based therapy in future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zichao Xiang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Yu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 S. 40th St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xiaobin Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 S. 40th St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Qian Jiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 S. 40th St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Arwa Abumansour
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 S. 40th St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ying Yang
- Research and Innovation Oral Care, Colgate-Palmolive Company, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Chider Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 S. 40th St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Center of Innovation and Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Gao Y, Nie K, Wang H, Dong H, Tang Y. Research progress on antidepressant effects and mechanisms of berberine. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1331440. [PMID: 38318145 PMCID: PMC10839030 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1331440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Depression, a global health problem with growing prevalence, brings serious impacts on the daily life of patients. However, the antidepressants currently used in clinical are not perfectly effective, which greatly reduces the compliance of patients. Berberine is a natural quaternary alkaloid which has been shown to have a variety of pharmacological effects, such as hypoglycemic, lipid-regulation, anti-cancer, antibacterial, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, and antidepressant. This review summarizes the evidence of pharmacological applications of berberine in treating depression and elucidates the mechanisms of berberine regulating neurotransmitter levels, promoting the regeneration of hippocampal neurons, improving hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction, anti-oxidative stress, and suppressing inflammatory status in order to provide a reference for further research and clinical application of berberine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Kexin Nie
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hongzhan Wang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yueheng Tang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Chen D, Sun W, Liu H, Wang K, Gao M, Guo L, Xu S. SeMet alleviates LPS-induced eggshell gland necroptosis mediated inflammation by regulating the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 751:109847. [PMID: 38052383 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can lead to inflammation in a variety of tissues and organs. Selenium (Se) plays a crucial role in mitigating inflammatory damage. Compared with inorganic selenium, organic selenium, such as selenomethionine (SeMet), has the advantages of a higher absorption rate and lower toxicity in animals. This study examined the protective effects of SeMet on eggshell gland tissue damage caused by LPS. Hy-Line Brown laying hens were chosen as the experimental animals and were randomly assigned to four groups: control group (C), lipopolysaccharide group (LPS), SeMet group (Se), and SeMet + lipopolysaccharide group (Se + LPS). H&E staining and transmission electron microscope were performed to observe the pathological changes of eggshell glands, oxidative stress related indicators were measured using relevant kits, qRT‒PCR and western blotting were used to evaluate the mRNA and protein levels of the Nrf2 pathway, necroptosis, and inflammation related indicators. The results showed that LPS treatment increased the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), decreased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and decreased the content of glutathione (GSH). LPS increased the levels of Keap1, RIPK1, RIPK3, MLKL, TNF-α, COX-2, and NF-κB, while decreasing the levels of HO-1, NQO1, Nrf2, and Caspase-8. However, SeMet treatment effectively reversed the changes of the above indicators, indicating that SeMet alleviates eggshell gland cell necroptosis-mediated inflammation induced by LPS via regulating the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. This study elucidated the mechanism by which SeMet alleviates LPS-induced eggshell gland tissue damage in Hy-Line Brown laying hens and provided a new direction for expanding the application of SeMet in the feeding and production of laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Wenying Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Huanyi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Kun Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Meichen Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Linlin Guo
- SCIEX Analytical Instrument Trading Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200335, PR China
| | - Shiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
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Yuan H, Wang B, Ye Z, Li S. Berberine Alleviates the Damage, Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction of PC12 Cells Induced by High Glucose by Activating the KEAP1/Nrf2/ARE Pathway. Mol Biotechnol 2023; 65:1632-1643. [PMID: 36737555 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00651-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic encephalopathy (DE) is one of the major chronic complications of diabetes mellitus. This study aims to investigate the inhibitory effect of berberine (BBR) on the damage of PC12 cells induced by high glucose (HG). Differentiated PC12 cells were treated with different concentrations of glucose/BBR. The cell morphology, cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, apoptosis, oxidative stress (OS), mitochondrial structure, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), mitochondrial complex I-V activity, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels were evaluated. The mRNA and protein levels of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway-related genes were assessed by RT-qPCR and Western blot. High-dose BBR and HG jointly treated-PC12 cells were treated with Nrf2-specific inhibitor ML385 to further verify whether Nrf2 was the target of BBR. The results showed that BBR inhibited cell damage, OS, and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by HG. The inhibitory effect of high BBR was more significant. The Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway was inhibited in PC12 cells induced by HG. BBR could activate the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway, thus up-regulating the expression levels of antioxidant enzymes. ML385 antagonized the ameliorating effect of BBR on OS and mitochondrial dysfunction. The conclusion is that BBR can activate the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway, upregulate the expression patterns of antioxidant enzymes, and reduce cell damage, OS, and mitochondrial dysfunction of PC12 cells induced by HG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.1 South Second Street, Fei'e West Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Baohua Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.1 South Second Street, Fei'e West Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zicheng Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.1 South Second Street, Fei'e West Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Saimei Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.1 South Second Street, Fei'e West Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong Province, China.
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Alidoust L, Akhoondian M, Atefi AH, Keivanlou MH, Hedayati Ch M, Jafari A. Stem cell-conditioned medium is a promising treatment for Alzheimer's disease. Behav Brain Res 2023; 452:114543. [PMID: 37311523 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Alzheimer's disease (AD), a prevalent progressive neurodegenerative disease, is mainly characterized by dementia, memory loss, and cognitive disorder. Rising research was performed to develop pharmacological or non-pharmacological approaches to treat or improve AD complications. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are stromal cells that can self-renew and exhibit multilineage differentiation. Recent evidence suggested that some of the therapeutic effects of MSCs are mediated by the secreted paracrine factors. These paracrine factors, called MSC- conditioned medium (MSC-CM), may stimulate endogenous repair, promote angio- and artery genesis, and reduce apoptosis through paracrine mechanisms. The current study aims to systematically review the advantages of MSC-CM to the development of research and therapeutic concepts for AD management. MATERIAL AND METHODS The present systematic review was performed using PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus from April 2020 to May 2022 following the "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews" (PRISMA) guidelines. The keywords, including "Conditioned medium OR Conditioned media OR Stem cell therapy" AND "Alzheimer's," was searched, and finally, 13 papers were extracted. RESULTS The obtained data revealed that MSC-CMs might positively affect neurodegenerative diseases prognosis, especially AD, through various mechanisms, including a decrease in neuro-inflammation, reduction of oxidative stress and Aβ formation, modulation of Microglia function and count, reduction of apoptosis, induction of synaptogenesis and neurogenesis. Also, the results showed that MSC-CM administration could significantly improve cognitive and memory function, increase the expression of neurotrophic factors, decrease the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, improve mitochondrial function, reduce cytotoxicity, and increase neurotransmitter levels. CONCLUSION While inhibiting the induction of neuroinflammation could be considered the first therapeutic effect of CMs, the prevention of apoptosis could be regarded as the most crucial effect of CMs on AD improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Alidoust
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohammad Akhoondian
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Amir Homayoun Atefi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Mojtaba Hedayati Ch
- Department of Microbiology, Virology and Microbial Toxins, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Microbial Toxins Physiology Group (MTPG), Universal Scientific Education Research Network (USERN), Rasht, Iran
| | - Adele Jafari
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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Pang QQ, Kim JH, Kim HY, Kim JH, Cho EJ. Protective Effects and Mechanisms of Pectolinarin against H 2O 2-Induced Oxidative Stress in SH-SY5Y Neuronal Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:5826. [PMID: 37570795 PMCID: PMC10420989 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the protective effects and mechanisms of pectolinarin against oxidative stress-induced cell damage in SH-SY5Y cells. Neurodegenerative diseases-such as Alzheimer's disease-are potentially associated with oxidative stress, which causes excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that damage DNA and proteins in neuronal cells. The results of this study demonstrate that pectolinarin can scavenge hydroxyl and nitric oxide radicals in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, pectolinarin significantly increased cell viability while reducing ROS production and LDH release in the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced control group. Additionally, Pectolinarin recovered protein expression from H2O2-altered levels back to close-to-normal SH-SY5Y cell levels for components of the oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis pathways-such as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), kelch-like ECH-associated protein (Keap1), anti-heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), B-cell lympho-ma-2 (Bcl-2) protein, and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax). These findings suggest that pectolinarin has the potential to be used as a plant material for functional foods to be applied in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, by mitigating oxidative stress-induced damage to neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Qi Pang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition & Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ji Hyun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea; (J.H.K.); (H.Y.K.)
| | - Hyun Young Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea; (J.H.K.); (H.Y.K.)
| | - Ji-Hyun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition & Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea;
| | - Eun Ju Cho
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition & Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea;
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10
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Gendy AM, Soubh A, Elnagar MR, Hamza E, Ahmed KA, Aglan A, El-Haddad AE, Farag MA, El-Sadek HM. New insights into the role of berberine against 3-nitropropionic acid-induced striatal neurotoxicity: Possible role of BDNF-TrkB-PI3K/Akt and NF-κB signaling. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 175:113721. [PMID: 36907500 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Berberine (Berb) is a major alkaloid with potential protective effects against multiple neurological disorders. Nevertheless, its positive effect against 3-nitropropionic acid (3NP) induced Huntington's disease (HD) modulation has not been fully elucidated. Accordingly, this study aimed to assess the possible action mechanisms of Berb against such neurotoxicity using an in vivo rats model pretreated with Berb (100 mg/kg, p.o.) alongisde 3NP (10 mg/kg, i.p.) at the latter 2 weeks to induce HD symptoms. Berb revealed its capacity to partially protect the striatum as mediated via the activation of BDNF-TrkB-PI3K/Akt signaling and amelioration of neuroinflammation status by blocking NF-κB p65 with a concomitant reduction in its downstream cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β. Moreover, its antioxidant potential was evidenced from induction of Nrf2 and GSH levels concurrent with a reduction in MDA level. Furthermore, Berb anti-apoptotic effect was manifested through the induction of pro-survival protein (Bcl-2) and down-regulation of the apoptosis biomarker (caspase-3). Finally, Berb intake ascertained its striatum protective action by improving the motor and histopathological abnormalities with concomitant dopamine restoration. In conclusion, Berb appears to modulate 3NP-induced neurotoxicity by moderating BDNF-TrkB-PI3K/Akt signaling besides its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, as well as anti-apoptotic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah M Gendy
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza, 12585, Egypt.
| | - Ayman Soubh
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza, 12566, Egypt
| | - Mohamed R Elnagar
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11823, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Islamic University, Najaf, 54001, Iraq
| | - Eman Hamza
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt; Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Horus University, Damietta, 11765, Egypt
| | - Kawkab A Ahmed
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Aglan
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11823, Egypt
| | - Alaadin E El-Haddad
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza, 12585, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Hagar M El-Sadek
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza, 12585, Egypt
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11
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Fu K, Chen H, Mei L, Wang J, Gong B, Li Y, Cao R. Berberine enhances autophagic flux by activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway in bovine endometrial epithelial cells to resist LPS-induced apoptosis. Anim Sci J 2023; 94:e13847. [PMID: 37427761 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Berberine exerts many beneficial effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced bovine endometrial epithelial cells (BEECs). Recently, we also found that berberine shows significant antiapoptotic and autophagy-promoting activities, but the underlying mechanism has not been elucidated. This research explored the association between the antiapoptotic and autophagy-promoting activities of berberine in LPS-treated BEECs. BEECs were first preconditioned with an inhibitor of autophagic flux (chloroquine [CQ]) for 1 h, treated with berberine for 2 h, and then incubated with LPS for 3 h. Cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry, and autophagy activities were assessed by immunoblot analysis of LC3II and p62. The results indicated that the antiapoptotic activity of berberine was notably inhibited in LPS-treated BEECs after preconditioning with CQ for 1 h. Furthermore, to determine whether berberine promoted autophagy by activating the nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway, we assessed autophagy in LPS-treated BEECs after preconditioning with a signaling pathway inhibitor of Nrf2 (ML385). The results indicated that the enhanced autophagy activity induced by berberine was partially reversed in LPS-treated BEECs after the Nrf2 signaling pathway was disturbed by ML385. In conclusion, berberine enhances autophagic flux to allow resistance to LPS-induced apoptosis by activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway in BEECs. The present study may provide new insight into the antiapoptotic mechanism of berberine in LPS-induced BEECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqiang Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Shandong, Qingdao, China
| | - Han Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Shandong, Qingdao, China
| | - Lian Mei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Shandong, Qingdao, China
| | - Jifang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Shandong, Qingdao, China
| | - Benzhi Gong
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong, Jining, China
| | - Yan Li
- Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Shandong, Junan, China
| | - Rongfeng Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Shandong, Qingdao, China
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12
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Lan D, Qi S, Yao C, Li X, Liu H, Wang D, Wang Y. Quercetin protects rat BMSCs from oxidative stress via ferroptosis. J Mol Endocrinol 2022; 69:401-413. [PMID: 35900382 DOI: 10.1530/jme-22-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin has been shown to have a wide range of beneficial effects, such as anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation and immunomodulation. The study was designed to explore the role and molecular mechanisms of quercetin on the protective effect of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) under oxidative stress in vitro. BMSCs were isolated from 4-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats. Upon H2O2 stimulation in vitro, the effects of quercetin on the proliferation, anti-oxidation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs were evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8, reactive oxygen species analysis, Western blot (WB), real-time PCR (RT-PCR), alkaline phosphatase staining and alizarin red staining. Additionally, ferroptosis-related markers were examined by WB, RT-PCR and Mito-FerroGreen. Finally, PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway was explored in these processes. We found that quercetin significantly maintained BMSCs viability upon H2O2 stimulation. Quercetin upregulated protein (ALP, OPN and RUNX2) and mRNA (Alp, Opn, Ocn and Runx2) levels of osteogenic markers, downregulated ROS levels and upregulated antioxidative gene expressions (Nrf2, Cat, Sod-1 and Sod-2) compared with the H2O2 group. The ferroptosis in BMSCs was activated after H2O2 stimulation, and the phosphorylation level of PI3K, AKT and mTOR was upregulated in H2O2-stimulated BMSCs. More importantly, quercetin inhibited ferroptosis and the phosphorylation level of PI3K, AKT and mTOR were downregulated after quercetin treatment. We conclude that quercetin maintained the viability and the osteoblastic differentiation of BMSCs upon H2O2 stimulation, potentially via ferroptosis inhibition by PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Lan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Medical College, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Shengcai Qi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Medical College, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Chao Yao
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Medical College, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Medical College, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Haijiang Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Endodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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13
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Carbon Monoxide-Releasing Molecule-3 Suppresses the Malignant Biological Behavior of Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma via Regulating Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:9418332. [PMID: 36158873 PMCID: PMC9507709 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9418332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide-releasing molecule-3 (CORM-3) is a water-soluble complex which has the ability to release carbon monoxide (CO). The study is aimed at investigating the epidemiological characters and effects of CORM-3 on tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) cells and the mechanisms involved. Firstly, CAL27 and SCC4 were treated with CORM-3 or iCORM-3. The proliferation, migration, and invasion of cells were separately evaluated by CCK-8, scratch assay, and transwell assay. We found that the optimal concentration of CORM-3 on the proliferation of CAL27 and SCC4 cells was 400 μM, and CORM-3 was significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of TSCC cells. Meanwhile, CORM-3 increased the protein expression of HO-1 detected by western blot. Short-hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) were constructed to manipulate the expression of HO-1 in CAL27 and SCC4 cells. Then, rescue assays were conducted to explore the reversion effect of shHO-1 on the CORM-3 function. Mechanistically, CORM-3 decreased the protein of Keap1 expression as well as increased Nrf2 expression. Upregulation of E-cadherin was observed, as well as the downregulation of N-cadherin expression significantly. The antitumor effect of CORM-3 was used to xenograft tumor in nude mice for further investigation in vivo, and the result showed that CORM-3 significantly suppressed tumor growth in xenograft nude mice. These data suggest that CORM-3 acts as a tumor suppressor by regulating the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in TSCC, which provides a potential chemotherapeutic strategy for TSCC.
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14
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Hosseini A, Samadi M, Baeeri M, Rahimifard M, Haghi-Aminjan H. The neuroprotective effects of melatonin against diabetic neuropathy: A systematic review of non-clinical studies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:984499. [PMID: 36120309 PMCID: PMC9470957 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.984499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds: Diabetes can cause diabetic neuropathy (DN), a nerve injury. High blood sugar (glucose) levels can harm nerves all over your body. The nerves in your legs and feet are the most commonly affected by DN. The purpose of this study was to conduct a review of melatonin’s potential neuroprotective properties against DN. Method: A full systematic search was conducted in several electronic databases (Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science) up to March 2022 under the PRISMA guidelines. Forty-seven studies were screened using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Finally, the current systematic review included nine publications that met the inclusion criteria. Result: According to in vivo findings, melatonin treatment reduces DN via inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways. However, compared to the diabetes groups alone, melatonin treatment exhibited an anti-oxidant trend. According to other research, DN also significantly produces biochemical alterations in neuron cells/tissues. Additionally, histological alterations in neuron tissue following DN were detected. Conclusion: Nonetheless, in the majority of cases, these diabetes-induced biochemical and histological alterations were reversed when melatonin was administered. It is worth noting that the administration of melatonin ameliorates the neuropathy caused by diabetes. Melatonin exerts these neuroprotective effects via various anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and other mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asieh Hosseini
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahedeh Samadi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Baeeri
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahban Rahimifard
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Mahban Rahimifard, ; Hamed Haghi-Aminjan,
| | - Hamed Haghi-Aminjan
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- *Correspondence: Mahban Rahimifard, ; Hamed Haghi-Aminjan,
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15
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Teli P, Kale V, Vaidya A. Mesenchymal stromal cells-derived secretome protects Neuro-2a cells from oxidative stress-induced loss of neurogenesis. Exp Neurol 2022; 354:114107. [PMID: 35551901 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (ND) are characterized by debilitating medical conditions that principally affect the neuronal cells in the human brain. One of the major reasons that there are no effective drugs for the treatment of ND is because researchers face technical challenges while conducting studies to understand the molecular mechanism behind ND. Although various studies have established in vitro neurodegenerative model systems, we feel that these model systems are not physiologically relevant, as they do not mimic the in vivo situation of chronic insult. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to establish an in vitro neurodegenerative model system by inducing oxidative stress in such a way that the neuronal cells remain viable, but lose their structural and functional characteristics. Using a murine neuroblastoma cell line, Neuro-2a, we demonstrate that induction of oxidative stress significantly affects various neurite outgrowth parameters and reduces the expression of neuronal and autophagy markers without causing apoptosis in them. Previously, we have discussed the possible therapeutic applications of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and their secretome in the treatment of ND. Here, using two distinct approaches, we show that when Neuro-2a cells subjected to oxidative stress are exposed to MSC-derived conditioned medium (secretome), they exhibit a significant improvement in various neuronal parameters and in the expression of neuronal markers. Overall, our findings support the salutary role of MSC-derived secretome in rescuing the oxidative stress-induced loss of neurogenesis using a physiologically relevant in vitro model system. Our data underscore the propensity of the MSC-secretome in reversing ND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajakta Teli
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune 412115, India; Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune 412115, India
| | - Vaijayanti Kale
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune 412115, India; Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune 412115, India
| | - Anuradha Vaidya
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune 412115, India; Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune 412115, India.
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16
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Wu Q, Dong J, Bai X, Jiang Y, Li J, Fan S, Cheng Y, Jiang G. Propionate ameliorates diabetes-induced neurological dysfunction through regulating the PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 925:174974. [PMID: 35490725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A large body of research has established diabetes-related cognitive deterioration, sometimes known as "diabetic encephalopathy". Current evidence supports that oxidative stress, neuronal apoptosis, and cerebral microcirculation weakness are associated with cognition deficits induced by diabetes. The present study explores the effect of propionate on neurological deficits, cerebral blood flow, and oxidative stress in diabetic mice. Propionate in different doses (37.5, 75 and 150 mg/kg) was orally administrated daily. Here, we show that propionate can markedly improve neurological function, which is correlated with its capabilities of stimulating nitrogen monoxide (NO) production, increasing cerebral microcirculation, suppressing oxidative stress, and reducing neuron loss in the hippocampus. In addition, the results of Western Blotting indicated that the brain-protective function of propionate in streptozocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) mice is related to phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/serine-threonine protein kinase (Akt)/endothelial nitrogen monoxide synthase (eNOS) signaling pathway. In a diabetic mouse model, propionate reduces cerebral microcirculation, hippocampus apoptosis, and neurological impairment. Thus, propionate, now employed as a food preservative, may also help slow diabetes-induced cognitive loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wu
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Haining, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jiajun Dong
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Haining, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xinying Bai
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jinjin Li
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Shiqi Fan
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yahong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Gaofeng Jiang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
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17
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Wang H, Wang B, Wang S, Chen J, Zhi W, Guan Y, Cai B, Zhu Y, Jia Y, Huang S, Zhu X. Injectable in situ intelligent thermo-responsive hydrogel with glycyrrhetinic acid-conjugated nano graphene oxide for chemo-photothermal therapy of malignant hepatocellular tumor. J Biomater Appl 2022; 37:151-165. [PMID: 35343281 DOI: 10.1177/08853282221078107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Malignant tumor is one of the major diseases with high morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study is to prepare berberine hydrochloride (BH) in situ thermo-sensitive hydrogel based on glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) modified nano graphene oxide (NGO) (GA-BH-NGO-gel). NGO was taken as the photosensitizer, GA was taken as the target molecule, and BH was taken as the model drug. The physicochemical properties and anti-tumor activity in vivo and in vitro were also studied. This subject could provide a certain theoretical basis for the chemo-photothermal therapy combined treatment of malignant tumor. The release behavior of GA-BH-NGO-gel in vitro presented sustained and temperature-dependent drug release effect. The anti-tumor activity studies in vivo and in vitro had shown that GA-BH-NGO-gel had stronger anti-tumor activity, which could be targeting distributed to the tumor tissues. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of GA-BH-NGO-gel was enhanced when combined with 808 nm of laser irradiation. In this research, the chemo-photothermal combination therapy was applied into the tumor treatment, which may provide certain research ideas for the clinical treatment of malignant tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huahua Wang
- School of Pharmacy, 232830Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Baiyan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, 232830Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shasha Wang
- School of Pharmacy, 232830Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- School of Pharmacy, 232830Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Zhi
- School of Pharmacy, 232830Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanbin Guan
- School of Pharmacy, 232830Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bangrong Cai
- School of Pharmacy, 232830Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanhui Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, 232830Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongyan Jia
- School of Pharmacy, 232830Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shengnan Huang
- School of Pharmacy, 232830Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiali Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, 232830Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
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18
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Combination of stem cell therapy and acupuncture to treat ischemic stroke: a prospective review. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:87. [PMID: 35241146 PMCID: PMC8896103 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02761-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the second leading cause globally that leads to severe disability and death. Stem cell therapy has been developed over the recent years to treat stroke and diminish the mortality and disability rate of brain injuries. Acupuncture, which can activate endogenous recovery via physical stimuli, has been applied to enhance the recovery and rehabilitation of stroke patients. Attempts have been made to combine stem cell therapy and acupuncture to treat stroke patients and have shown the promising results. This prospective review will look into the possible mechanisms of stem cell therapy and acupuncture and intend to undercover the potential benefit of the combined therapy. It intends to bridge the modern emerging stem cell therapy and traditional acupuncture at cellular and molecular levels and to demonstrate the potential benefit to improve clinical outcomes.
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19
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Walia V, Kaushik D, Mittal V, Kumar K, Verma R, Parashar J, Akter R, Rahman MH, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Karthika C, Bhattacharya T, Chopra H, Ashraf GM. Delineation of Neuroprotective Effects and Possible Benefits of AntioxidantsTherapy for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Diseases by Targeting Mitochondrial-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species: Bench to Bedside. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 59:657-680. [PMID: 34751889 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02617-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is considered the sixth leading cause of death in elderly patients and is characterized by progressive neuronal degeneration and impairment in memory, language, etc. AD is characterized by the deposition of senile plaque, accumulation of fibrils, and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) which are responsible for neuronal degeneration. Amyloid-β (Aβ) plays a key role in the process of neuronal degeneration in the case of AD. It has been reported that Aβ is responsible for the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), depletion of endogenous antioxidants, increase in intracellular Ca2+ which further increases mitochondria dysfunctions, oxidative stress, release of pro-apoptotic factors, neuronal apoptosis, etc. Thus, oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathogenesis of AD. Antioxidants are compounds that have the ability to counteract the oxidative damage conferred by ROS. Therefore, the antioxidant therapy may provide benefits and halt the progress of AD to advance stages by counteracting neuronal degeneration. However, despite the beneficial effects imposed by the antioxidants, the findings from the clinical studies suggested inconsistent results which might be due to poor study design, selection of the wrong antioxidant, inability of the molecule to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), treatment in the advanced state of disease, etc. The present review insights into the neuroprotective effects and limitations of the antioxidant therapy for the treatment of AD by targeting mitochondrial-derived ROS. This particular article will certainly help the researchers to search new avenues for the treatment of AD by utilizing mitochondrial-derived ROS-targeted antioxidant therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Walia
- SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Deepak Kaushik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Vineet Mittal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Kuldeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Ravinder Verma
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, G.D. Goenka University, Gurugram, 122103, India
| | - Jatin Parashar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Rokeya Akter
- Department of Pharmacy, Jagannath University, Sadarghat, Dhaka, 1100, Bangladesh
| | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani, Dhaka, 1213, Bangladesh.
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- School of Health Science University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehrandun, Uttarkhand, 248007, India
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, 616 Birkat Al Mouz, P.O. Box 33, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, 616 Birkat Al Mouz, P.O. Box 33, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Chenmala Karthika
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, The Nilgiris, Ooty, 643001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Tanima Bhattacharya
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Hitesh Chopra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Protective Effect of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Secretome against Hepatocyte Apoptosis Induced by Liver Ischemia-Reperfusion with Partial Hepatectomy Injury. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:9969372. [PMID: 34457008 PMCID: PMC8390152 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9969372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is an inevitable complication of liver surgery and liver transplantation. Hepatocyte apoptosis plays a significant role in the pathological process of hepatic IRI. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are known to repair and regenerate damaged tissues by producing bioactive factors, including cytokines, exosomes, and extracellular matrix components, which collectively form the secretome of these cells. The aim of this study was to assess the protective effects of the ADSCs secretome after liver ischemia-reperfusion combined with partial hepatectomy in miniature pigs. We successfully established laparoscopic liver ischemia-reperfusion with partial hepatectomy in miniature pigs and injected saline, DMEM, ADSC-secretome, and ADSCs directly into the liver parenchyma immediately afterwards. Both ADSCs and the ADSC-secretome improved the IR-induced ultrastructural changes in hepatocytes and significantly decreased the proportion of TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells along with caspase activity. Consistent with this, P53, Bax, Fas, and Fasl mRNA and protein levels were markedly decreased, while Bcl-2 was significantly increased in the animals treated with ADSCs and ADSC-secretome. Our findings indicate that ADSCs exert therapeutic effects in a paracrine manner through their secretome, which can be a viable alternative to cell-based regenerative therapies.
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21
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Atia MM, Alghriany AA. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells rescue rat hippocampal cells from aluminum oxide nanoparticle-induced apoptosis via regulation of P53, Aβ, SOX2, OCT4, and CYP2E1. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:1156-1168. [PMID: 34150525 PMCID: PMC8190131 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess a preventive capacity against free radical toxicity in various tissues. The present study aimed to demonstrate the reformative and treatment roles of adipose-derived MSCs (AD-MSCs) against severe toxicity in the hippocampal cells of the brain caused by aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3-NPs). Rats were divided into five experimental groups: an untreated control group, a control group receiving NaCl, a group receiving Al2O3-NPs (6 mg/kg) for 20 days, a group that was allowed to recover (R) for 20 days following treatment with Al2O3-NPs, and a Al2O3-NPs + AD-MSCs group, where each rat was injected with 0.8 × 106 AD-MSCs via the caudal vein. Oral administration of Al2O3-NPs increased the protein levels of P53, cleaved caspase-3, CYP2E1, and beta-amyloid (Aβ); contrarily, AD-MSCs transplantation downregulated the levels of these proteins. In addition, the AD-MSCs-treated hippocampal cells were protected from Al2O3-NPs-induced toxicity, as detected by the expression levels of Sox2 and Oct4 that are essential for the maintenance of self-renewal. It was also found that AD-MSCs injection significantly altered the levels of brain total peroxide and monoamine oxidase (MAO)-A and MAO-B activities. Histologically, our results indicated that AD-MSCs alleviated the severe damage in the hippocampal cells induced by Al2O3-NPs. Moreover, the role of AD-MSCs in reducing hippocampal cell death was reinforced by the regulation of P53, cleaved caspase-3, Aβ, and CYP2E1 proteins, as well as by the regulation of SOX2 and OCT4 levels and MAO-A and MAO-B activities.
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Key Words
- AD-MSCs, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells
- Adipose-Derived mesenchymal stem cells
- Al2O3-NPs, Aluminum oxide nanoparticles
- Aluminum oxide nanoparticles
- Apoptosis
- Aβ, amyloid beta
- EGTA, ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid
- Hippocampal cells
- MAO-A and B, monoamine oxidase A, B
- Oct4, octamer-binding transcription factor 4
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Sox2, sex-determining region Y-box 2
- TEM, transmission electron microscopy
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona M. Atia
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Egypt
| | - Alshaimaa A.I. Alghriany
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Egypt
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22
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Zhang C, Ma S, Zhao X, Wen B, Sun P, Fu Z. Upregulation of antioxidant and autophagy pathways via NRF2 activation protects spinal cord neurons from ozone damage. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:428. [PMID: 33846774 PMCID: PMC8047762 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ozone therapy can relieve multiple types of pain but exhibits potential neurotoxicity, the mechanism of which is unclear. The present study aimed to identify the role of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived-2)-related 2 (NRF2) in preventing spinal cord injury caused by ozone overdose. Primary neuronal cells were extracted from newborn Wistar rats and authenticated by immunofluorescence using anti-microtubule-associated protein 2 as a cell type-specific marker. Cell viability assay with different ozone concentrations (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 µg/ml) was used to determine the concentration that caused primary neuron injury; 30 min of 40 µg/ml ozone therapy notably decreased cell viability to 71%. In order to test the effects of ozone, the cells were divided into five treatment groups [0-, 30- and 40 µg/ml ozone, tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) + 40 µg/ml ozone (T40) and tBHQ (T0)]. Cells in the T40 and T0 groups received 40 µmol/l tBHQ on the fifth day of SCN cultivation. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting showed that protein expression levels of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and mRNA expression levels of HO-1 and NRF2 were decreased. NRF2, ubiquitin-binding protein p62 and microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B expression levels were decreased following treatment with 40 µg/ml ozone. Immunofluorescence showed that NRF2 nuclear expression levels also decreased following 40 µg/ml ozone treatment. However, cells in the T40 group did not display decreased NRF2 nuclear expression levels. Normal/Apoptotic/Necrotic Cell Detection kit revealed that necrosis rate increased following treatment with 40 µg/ml ozone; however, the T40 group did not exhibit this increased necrosis. At 40 µg/ml, ozone increased spinal cord neuron (SCN) death in vitro. Moreover, treatment with 40 µg/ml ozone damaged SCNs. The p62/NRF2/antioxidant response element pathway prevented such injury. tBHQ activated this pathway, upregulated autophagy and increased local nuclear NRF2 concentration, thus enhancing the antioxidant system to protect SCNs from injury caused by high concentrations of ozone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhang
- Department of Pain Management, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Shulin Ma
- Department of Pain Management, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Bei Wen
- Department of Pain Management, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Panpan Sun
- Department of Pain Management, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Zhijian Fu
- Department of Pain Management, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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23
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Wang Z, Li K, Maskey AR, Huang W, Toutov AA, Yang N, Srivastava K, Geliebter J, Tiwari R, Miao M, Li X. A small molecule compound berberine as an orally active therapeutic candidate against COVID-19 and SARS: A computational and mechanistic study. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21360. [PMID: 33749932 PMCID: PMC8250068 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001792r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease, COVID-19, has grown into a global pandemic and a major public health threat since its breakout in December 2019. To date, no specific therapeutic drug or vaccine for treating COVID-19 and SARS has been FDA approved. Previous studies suggest that berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid, has shown various biological activities that may help against COVID-19 and SARS, including antiviral, anti-allergy and inflammation, hepatoprotection against drug- and infection-induced liver injury, as well as reducing oxidative stress. In particular, berberine has a wide range of antiviral activities such as anti-influenza, anti-hepatitis C, anti-cytomegalovirus, and anti-alphavirus. As an ingredient recommended in guidelines issued by the China National Health Commission for COVID-19 to be combined with other therapy, berberine is a promising orally administered therapeutic candidate against SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. The current study comprehensively evaluates the potential therapeutic mechanisms of berberine in preventing and treating COVID-19 and SARS using computational modeling, including target mining, gene ontology enrichment, pathway analyses, protein-protein interaction analysis, and in silico molecular docking. An orally available immunotherapeutic-berberine nanomedicine, named NIT-X, has been developed by our group and has shown significantly increased oral bioavailability of berberine, increased IFN-γ production by CD8+ T cells, and inhibition of mast cell histamine release in vivo, suggesting a protective immune response. We further validated the inhibition of replication of SARS-CoV-2 in lung epithelial cells line in vitro (Calu3 cells) by berberine. Moreover, the expression of targets including ACE2, TMPRSS2, IL-1α, IL-8, IL-6, and CCL-2 in SARS-CoV-2 infected Calu3 cells were significantly suppressed by NIT-X. By supporting protective immunity while inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines; inhibiting viral infection and replication; inducing apoptosis; and protecting against tissue damage, berberine is a promising candidate in preventing and treating COVID-19 and SARS. Given the high oral bioavailability and safety of berberine nanomedicine, the current study may lead to the development of berberine as an orally, active therapeutic against COVID-19 and SARS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen‐Zhen Wang
- Academy of Chinese Medical ScienceHenan University of Chinese MedicineZhengzhouChina
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyNew York Medical CollegeValhallaNYUSA
| | - Kun Li
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of IowaIowa CityIAUSA
| | - Anish R. Maskey
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyNew York Medical CollegeValhallaNYUSA
| | - Weihua Huang
- Department of PathologyNew York Medical CollegeValhallaNYUSA
| | | | - Nan Yang
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyNew York Medical CollegeValhallaNYUSA
- General Nutraceutical TechnologyElmsfordNYUSA
| | - Kamal Srivastava
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyNew York Medical CollegeValhallaNYUSA
- General Nutraceutical TechnologyElmsfordNYUSA
| | - Jan Geliebter
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyNew York Medical CollegeValhallaNYUSA
- Department of OtolaryngologySchool of MedicineNew York Medical CollegeValhallaNYUSA
| | - Raj Tiwari
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyNew York Medical CollegeValhallaNYUSA
- Department of OtolaryngologySchool of MedicineNew York Medical CollegeValhallaNYUSA
| | - Mingsan Miao
- Academy of Chinese Medical ScienceHenan University of Chinese MedicineZhengzhouChina
| | - Xiu‐Min Li
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyNew York Medical CollegeValhallaNYUSA
- Department of OtolaryngologySchool of MedicineNew York Medical CollegeValhallaNYUSA
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24
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Limanaqi F, Biagioni F, Mastroiacovo F, Polzella M, Lazzeri G, Fornai F. Merging the Multi-Target Effects of Phytochemicals in Neurodegeneration: From Oxidative Stress to Protein Aggregation and Inflammation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9101022. [PMID: 33092300 PMCID: PMC7589770 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9101022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Wide experimental evidence has been provided in the last decade concerning the neuroprotective effects of phytochemicals in a variety of neurodegenerative disorders. Generally, the neuroprotective effects of bioactive compounds belonging to different phytochemical classes are attributed to antioxidant, anti-aggregation, and anti-inflammatory activity along with the restoration of mitochondrial homeostasis and targeting alterations of cell-clearing systems. Far from being independent, these multi-target effects represent interconnected events that are commonly implicated in the pathogenesis of most neurodegenerative diseases, independently of etiology, nosography, and the specific misfolded proteins being involved. Nonetheless, the increasing amount of data applying to a variety of neurodegenerative disorders joined with the multiple effects exerted by the wide variety of plant-derived neuroprotective agents may rather confound the reader. The present review is an attempt to provide a general guideline about the most relevant mechanisms through which naturally occurring agents may counteract neurodegeneration. With such an aim, we focus on some popular phytochemical classes and bioactive compounds as representative examples to design a sort of main highway aimed at deciphering the most relevant protective mechanisms which make phytochemicals potentially useful in counteracting neurodegeneration. In this frame, we emphasize the potential role of the cell-clearing machinery as a kernel in the antioxidant, anti-aggregation, anti-inflammatory, and mitochondrial protecting effects of phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Limanaqi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Francesca Biagioni
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (F.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Federica Mastroiacovo
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (F.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Maico Polzella
- Aliveda Laboratories, Viale Karol Wojtyla 19, 56042 Crespina Lorenzana, Italy;
| | - Gloria Lazzeri
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- Correspondence: (G.L.); (F.F.)
| | - Francesco Fornai
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (F.B.); (F.M.)
- Correspondence: (G.L.); (F.F.)
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25
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Zhao M, Wang W, Jiang Z, Zhu Z, Liu D, Pan F. Long-Term Effect of Post-traumatic Stress in Adolescence on Dendrite Development and H3K9me2/BDNF Expression in Male Rat Hippocampus and Prefrontal Cortex. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:682. [PMID: 32850808 PMCID: PMC7412801 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to a harsh environment in early life increases in the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) of an individual. Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role in neurodevelopment in developmental stages. Both chronic and traumatic stresses induce a decrease in the level of BDNF and reduce neural plasticity, which is linked to the pathogenesis of PTSD. Also, studies have shown that stress alters the epigenetic marker H3K9me2, which can bind to the promoter region of the Bdnf gene and reduce BDNF protein level. However, the long-term effects of traumatic stress during adolescence on H3K9me2, BDNF expression and dendrite development are not well-known. The present study established a model of PTSD in adolescent rats using an inescapable foot shock (IFS) procedure. Anxiety-like behaviors, social interaction behavior and memory function were assessed by the open field test, elevated plus maze test, three-chamber sociability test and Morris water maze test. In addition, neuronal development and H3K9me2/BDNF expression in hippocampus (HIP) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) were evaluated by Golgi staining, western blotting, qRT-PCR analysis and CHIP-qPCR analysis. Additionally, the Unc0642, a small molecule inhibitor of histone methyltransferase (EHMT2) was used for intervention. The results showed that the IFS procedure induced the PTSD-like behaviors in rats, resulted in fewer dendrite branches and shorter dendrite length in CA1 of HIP and PFC, increased H3K9me2 level and decreased BDNF expression in HIP and PFC. Also, although all the changes can persist to adulthood, Unc0642 administration relieved most of alterations. Our study suggests that traumatic stress in adolescence leads to immediate and long-term mental disorders, neuronal morphological changes, lower BDNF level and increased H3K9me2 level in the HIP and PFC, indicating that H3K9me2/BDNF dysfunction plays a key role in pathogenesis of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Zhao
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Ethics, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Ethics, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhijun Jiang
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Ethics, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zemeng Zhu
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Ethics, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dexiang Liu
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Ethics, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fang Pan
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Ethics, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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26
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Huang CH, Wang FT, Chan WH. Dose-dependent beneficial and harmful effects of berberine on mouse oocyte maturation and fertilization and fetal development. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2020; 9:431-443. [PMID: 32905254 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfaa043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from several traditional Chinese herbal medicines, suppresses growth and induces apoptosis in some tumor cell lines. It has also been shown that berberine possesses anti-atherosclerosis and antioxidant activities in hyperlipidemic model rats. Our previous study in mice found that berberine causes harmful effects on preimplantation and postimplantation embryonic development, both in vitro and in vivo, by triggering reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated apoptotic cascades in mouse blastocysts. In the current investigation, we further showed that berberine treatment has distinct dose-dependent effects on oocyte maturation and subsequent development. Preincubation of oocytes with 2.5 μM berberine significantly enhanced maturation and in vitro fertilization (IVF) rates, with subsequent beneficial effects on embryonic development. In contrast, preincubation with 10 μM berberine negatively impacted mouse oocyte maturation, decreased IVF rates and impaired subsequent embryonic development. Similar dose-dependent effects were also demonstrated in vivo. Specifically, intravenous injection of berberine significantly enhanced mouse oocyte maturation, IVF rate and early-stage embryo development after fertilization at a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight but significantly impaired oocyte maturation and IVF rates and caused harmful effects on early embryonic development at a dose of 5 mg/kg. Mechanistically, we found that berberine enhanced intracellular ROS production and apoptosis of oocytes at a concentration of 10 μM but actually significantly decreased total intracellular ROS content and had no apoptotic effect at a concentration of 2.5 μM. Moreover, pretreatment of oocytes with Ac-DEVD-cho, a caspase-3-specific inhibitor, effectively blocked berberine-induced negative impacts on oocyte maturation, fertilization and subsequent development. Collectively, these findings establish the dose-dependent beneficial versus deleterious effects of berberine and suggest that the mechanism underlying the deleterious effects of berberine involves a caspase-3-dependent apoptotic process acting downstream of an increase in intracellular ROS levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hsun Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health & Welfare, hongshan Road, Taoyuan District, Taoyuan City 33004, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Ting Wang
- Rehabilitation and Technical Aid Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Shipai Road, Beitou District, Taipei City 11217, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsiung Chan
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung Li District, Taoyuan City 32023, Taiwan
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27
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Angeloni C, Gatti M, Prata C, Hrelia S, Maraldi T. Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Counteracting Oxidative Stress-Related Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093299. [PMID: 32392722 PMCID: PMC7246730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases include a variety of pathologies such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and so forth, which share many common characteristics such as oxidative stress, glycation, abnormal protein deposition, inflammation, and progressive neuronal loss. The last century has witnessed significant research to identify mechanisms and risk factors contributing to the complex etiopathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as genetic, vascular/metabolic, and lifestyle-related factors, which often co-occur and interact with each other. Apart from several environmental or genetic factors, in recent years, much evidence hints that impairment in redox homeostasis is a common mechanism in different neurological diseases. However, from a pharmacological perspective, oxidative stress is a difficult target, and antioxidants, the only strategy used so far, have been ineffective or even provoked side effects. In this review, we report an analysis of the recent literature on the role of oxidative stress in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases as well as in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, retinal ganglion cells, and ataxia. Moreover, the contribution of stem cells has been widely explored, looking at their potential in neuronal differentiation and reporting findings on their application in fighting oxidative stress in different neurodegenerative diseases. In particular, the exposure to mesenchymal stem cells or their secretome can be considered as a promising therapeutic strategy to enhance antioxidant capacity and neurotrophin expression while inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, which are common aspects of neurodegenerative pathologies. Further studies are needed to identify a tailored approach for each neurodegenerative disease in order to design more effective stem cell therapeutic strategies to prevent a broad range of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Angeloni
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
| | - Martina Gatti
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 71, 41124 Modena, Italy; (M.G.); (T.M.)
| | - Cecilia Prata
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Silvana Hrelia
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Corso d’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy;
| | - Tullia Maraldi
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 71, 41124 Modena, Italy; (M.G.); (T.M.)
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