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Smith KS, Kinsella EA, Moodie S, McCorquodale L, Teachman G. Mindfulness in paediatric occupational therapy practice: a phenomenological inquiry. Disabil Rehabil 2024; 46:2056-2064. [PMID: 37218111 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2023.2214380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE While research into mindfulness practices is on the rise across populations, there is evidence to suggest that clinical practice has outpaced the literature with regard to mindfulness in pediatric rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to explore the perceptions of occupational therapists who opt to incorporate mindfulness into their clinical practices with children and youth. METHODS Hermeneutic phenomenology was the methodology of the study. The theoretical framework employed a Heideggerian-informed phenomenology of practice. Eight occupational therapists practicing in Canada and the United States participated in 90-120 min semi-structured interviews that elicited first-hand accounts of mindfulness in pediatric occupational therapy practice. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using Finlay's four-step approach. RESULTS Six salient themes were identified in the data: drawing from personal practice, enhancing participation, fostering healthy habits, adapting for children, keeping it playful, and doing with. CONCLUSION The findings of this study offer insights for therapists who are considering incorporating mindfulness into their practices with children and youth. Further, this research highlights a number of research priorities that require further inquiry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Sarah Smith
- Graduate Program in Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Anne Kinsella
- Graduate Program in Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- Institute of Health Sciences Education, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sheila Moodie
- Graduate Program in Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- National Centre for Audiology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Lisa McCorquodale
- Graduate Program in Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- School of Occupational Therapy, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Gail Teachman
- Graduate Program in Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- School of Occupational Therapy, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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Palmer R, Roos C, Vafaie N, Kober H. The effect of ten versus twenty minutes of mindfulness meditation on state mindfulness and affect. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20646. [PMID: 38001316 PMCID: PMC10673854 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46578-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to elucidate the effects of "dose" of a single-session of mindfulness meditation on state mindfulness and affect as well as moderators of effects. 372 adults recruited remotely via Amazon's MTurk platform were randomly assigned to either a: 10-min mindfulness meditation, 20-min mindfulness meditation, 10-min control, or 20-min control. Control conditions were recordings of a National Geographic article. Primary outcomes were changes in state mindfulness, anxiety, and negative and positive affect. Moderator variables included neuroticism, trait mindfulness, and prior meditation experience. Collapsing across doses, participants in mindfulness conditions reported greater increases in state mindfulness than in control conditions. There was a greater increase in state mindfulness in the 10-min mindfulness condition versus 10-min control condition. There were no differences between 10- and 20-min mindfulness conditions. Exploratory moderation analyses indicated that meditation (10 or 20) versus control (10 or 20) predicted increased state mindfulness among participants with lower trait mindfulness. Additionally, 20-min versus 10-min meditation predicted greater decreases in state anxiety among individuals with high trait mindfulness. Dose-response relationships were minimal, suggesting that 10 and 20 min of meditation may improve state mindfulness comparably. Findings support the benefits of brief mindfulness meditation and suggest that trait mindfulness moderates certain outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Corey Roos
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nilofar Vafaie
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hedy Kober
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Bazzano AN, Sun Y, Zu Y, Fleckman JM, Blackson EA, Patel T, Shorty-Belisle A, Liederman KH, Roi C. Yoga and Mindfulness for Social-Emotional Development and Resilience in 3-5 Year-Old Children: Non-Randomized, Controlled Intervention. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:109-118. [PMID: 36660255 PMCID: PMC9844140 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s385413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Early childhood is the key life course period for development of social-emotional skills, providing the foundation for school readiness and resilience in later life. Age-appropriate yoga and mindfulness programs may contribute to the development of critical skills in children. Young children from minoritized communities that face structural racism and health disparities may benefit from programs that support social-emotional development and contribute to future academic success. Systematic reviews of yoga interventions for young children have indicated the potential for effectiveness in supporting social-emotional development, executive function, and physical activity. However, studies of yoga and mindfulness with non-White children are sparse and, overall, the evidence base to date for such programs remains limited by non-controlled studies and the variable quality of studies evaluating programs in early childhood settings. Methods The analysis of data from a non-randomized, controlled intervention aimed to assess the effect of exposure to a yoga and mindfulness program for early childhood development of social-emotional skills in a majority Black/African American urban preschool setting in southeastern US. Children in the intervention received group yoga and mindfulness led by a certified children's yoga teacher who also had training and experience as a school teacher. Intervention participants engaged in activities for 20 minutes once per week for 32 weeks, while the control group had no yoga. The final sample included 579 in the historical control group and 122 in the intervention group. Results Results indicated that children who participated in the yoga and mindfulness program had higher total protective factor (TPF) subscores on the Devereux Early Childhood Assessment over time than children who did not receive yoga and mindfulness programming, and that the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Participation in the intervention group significantly predicted increases in initiative score, self-control score, and TPF score, as well as a decrease in the behavioral concerns. Discussion School based yoga and mindfulness programming can support social-emotional skills and resilience in young children. Additional studies with larger sample sizes and randomization are needed on use of yoga and mindfulness in young children for social-emotional development, particularly for Black/African American children and others from minoritized communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra N Bazzano
- Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Department of Social, Behavioral, and Population Sciences, New Orleans, LA, USA,Correspondence: Alessandra N Bazzano, Email
| | - Yaoyao Sun
- Peking University, Institute of Mental Health, Sixth Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China,NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health. National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanhao Zu
- Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Julia M Fleckman
- Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Department of Social, Behavioral, and Population Sciences, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Emma A Blackson
- Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Department of Social, Behavioral, and Population Sciences, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Tejal Patel
- Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Department of Social, Behavioral, and Population Sciences, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | | | - Cody Roi
- Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Sun Y, Lamoreau R, O’Connell S, Horlick R, Bazzano AN. Yoga and Mindfulness Interventions for Preschool-Aged Children in Educational Settings: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18116091. [PMID: 34198737 PMCID: PMC8201280 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18116091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Early childhood and the pre-school stage of development constitute a dynamic period for acquisition of social-emotional competencies. Yoga and mindfulness practices (YMP) have become increasingly used in schools for social emotional learning, but less is known about their utility in early childhood settings. A systematic review using PRISMA guidelines was undertaken to explore the effect of YMP on social emotional function among preschool-aged children (3-5 years). The review resulted in identification of 1115 records, of which 80 full text articles were screened, with final inclusion of 16 studies. Included studies evaluated the effect of YMP on social-emotional functioning, and identified the potential for YMP to improve regulatory skills such as behavioral self-regulation and executive function. Among studies reviewed, 13 reported improvements in these domains, but quality appraisal indicated significant variability in risk of bias across studies, and heterogeneity of outcome measurements hindered comparison. Programs appeared to produce better results when implemented for at least 6 weeks and among children who had lower baseline social-emotional functioning. YMP constitute a promising strategy for social emotional development in early childhood settings, but additional rigorously designed studies are needed to expand understanding of how and why these programs are effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Sun
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China;
| | - Renee Lamoreau
- School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA; (R.L.); (R.H.)
| | - Samantha O’Connell
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - Raquel Horlick
- School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA; (R.L.); (R.H.)
| | - Alessandra N. Bazzano
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-504-988-2338
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Whiting SB, Wass SV, Green S, Thomas MSC. Stress and Learning in Pupils: Neuroscience Evidence and its Relevance for Teachers. MIND, BRAIN AND EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL MIND, BRAIN, AND EDUCATION SOCIETY 2021; 15:177-188. [PMID: 34239601 PMCID: PMC8248342 DOI: 10.1111/mbe.12282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of how stress affects primary school children's attention and learning has developed rapidly. We know that children experience differing levels of stressors (factors that cause stress) in their environments, and that this can influence how they respond to new stressors when they occur in educational contexts. Here, we review evidence showing that stress can increase children's attention and learning capacities in some circumstances but hinder them in others. We show how children differ in their attention and learning styles, dependent on stress levels: for example, more highly stressed children may be more distracted by superficial features and may find it harder to engage in planning and voluntary control. We review intervention research on stress management techniques in children, concentrating on psychological techniques (such as mindfulness and stress reappraisal), physiological techniques (such as breathing exercises) and environmental factors (such as reducing noise). At the current time, raising teachers' awareness of pupils' differing stress responses will be an important step in accommodating the differing needs of children in their classrooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue B Whiting
- Department of Psychological Sciences Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK
| | - Sam V Wass
- School of Psychology University of East London, London, UK
| | - Simon Green
- Department of Psychological Sciences Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK
| | - Michael S C Thomas
- Department of Psychological Sciences Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK
- Centre for Educational Neuroscience Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK
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Sciutto MJ, Veres DA, Marinstein TL, Bailey BF, Cehelyk SK. Effects of a School-Based Mindfulness Program for Young Children. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2021; 30:1516-1527. [PMID: 33875914 PMCID: PMC8046640 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-021-01955-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Schools are an attractive setting for implementation of mindfulness-based programs because mindfulness practices, by their very nature, align with a wide range of core educational goals. The present study investigated the effects of an 8-week (16 session) school-based mindfulness program for young children across 8 classrooms (K through 2) using a quasi-experimental delayed-intervention control group design. Results indicated that the mindfulness program was associated with significant improvements in teacher ratings of externalizing and prosocial behaviors. Program outcomes were not associated with child sex or race/ethnicity, but did vary by grade. Descriptive analyses suggest that outcomes tended to be more positive in classrooms with higher levels of teacher and student engagement. Results of the present study add to the growing knowledge base on the positive effects of school-based mindfulness programs and point to a need for more rigorous inquiry into the extent to which students and teachers are engaged with mindfulness programs both during the program itself and in their day to day functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J. Sciutto
- Department of Psychology, Muhlenberg College, Allentown, PA 18104 USA
| | | | | | - Brooke F. Bailey
- Department of Psychology, Muhlenberg College, Allentown, PA 18104 USA
| | - Sarah K. Cehelyk
- Department of Psychology, Muhlenberg College, Allentown, PA 18104 USA
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Xu J, Chang EC, Novak CJ, Shen J, Zheng S, Wang Y, Zhou N, Liu L, Gregory AE, Schaffer MR, Ablow DB, Kwon M, Lucas AG, Chang OD. Differential psychological needs fulfillment mediate positive emotions and distinctive positive outcomes among Chinese adolescents. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01472-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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