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Maione F, Oddo D, Galvagno F, Falcomatà C, Pandini M, Macagno M, Pessei V, Barault L, Gigliotti C, Mira A, Corti G, Lamba S, Riganti C, Castella B, Massaia M, Rad R, Saur D, Bardelli A, Di Nicolantonio F. Preclinical efficacy of carfilzomib in BRAF-mutant colorectal cancer models. Mol Oncol 2024; 18:1552-1570. [PMID: 38348572 PMCID: PMC11161726 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf (BRAF) mutations are found in 8-15% of colorectal cancer patients and identify a subset of tumors with poor outcome in the metastatic setting. We have previously reported that BRAF-mutant human cells display a high rate of protein production, causing proteotoxic stress, and are selectively sensitive to the proteasome inhibitors bortezomib and carfilzomib. In this work, we tested whether carfilzomib could restrain the growth of BRAF-mutant colorectal tumors not only by targeting cancer cells directly, but also by promoting an immune-mediated antitumor response. In human and mouse colorectal cancer cells, carfilzomib triggered robust endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy, followed by the emission of immunogenic-damage-associated molecules. Intravenous administration of carfilzomib delayed the growth of BRAF-mutant murine tumors and mobilized the danger-signal proteins calreticulin and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). Analyses of drug-treated samples revealed increased intratumor recruitment of activated cytotoxic T cells and natural killers, concomitant with the downregulation of forkhead box protein P3 (Foxp3)+ T-cell surface glycoprotein CD4 (CD4)+ T cells, indicating that carfilzomib promotes reshaping of the immune microenvironment of BRAF-mutant murine colorectal tumors. These results will inform the design of clinical trials in BRAF-mutant colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Maione
- Department of OncologyUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
- Candiolo Cancer InstituteFPO‐IRCCSCandioloItaly
| | - Daniele Oddo
- Department of OncologyUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Federica Galvagno
- Department of OncologyUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
- Candiolo Cancer InstituteFPO‐IRCCSCandioloItaly
| | - Chiara Falcomatà
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional GenomicsSchool of Medicine, Technical University of MunichMunichGermany
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Marta Pandini
- Tumor Microenvironment UnitIstituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Humanitas Research HospitalMilanItaly
- Department of Biomedical SciencesHumanitas UniversityMilanItaly
| | | | | | | | | | - Alessia Mira
- Department of OncologyUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | | | - Simona Lamba
- Department of OncologyUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
- Candiolo Cancer InstituteFPO‐IRCCSCandioloItaly
| | | | - Barbara Castella
- Laboratory of Blood Tumor Immunology (LBTI), Molecular Biotechnology Center “Guido Tarone” (MBC)University of TurinTurinItaly
| | - Massimo Massaia
- Laboratory of Blood Tumor Immunology (LBTI), Molecular Biotechnology Center “Guido Tarone” (MBC)University of TurinTurinItaly
- SC EmatologiaAzienda Ospedaliera S. Croce e CarleCuneoItaly
| | - Roland Rad
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional GenomicsSchool of Medicine, Technical University of MunichMunichGermany
- Tumor Microenvironment UnitIstituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Humanitas Research HospitalMilanItaly
- German Cancer ConsortiumHeidelbergGermany
| | - Dieter Saur
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional GenomicsSchool of Medicine, Technical University of MunichMunichGermany
- Tumor Microenvironment UnitIstituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Humanitas Research HospitalMilanItaly
- German Cancer ConsortiumHeidelbergGermany
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der IsarTechnische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Alberto Bardelli
- Department of OncologyUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
- IFOM ETSThe AIRC Institute of Molecular OncologyMilanItaly
| | - Federica Di Nicolantonio
- Department of OncologyUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
- Candiolo Cancer InstituteFPO‐IRCCSCandioloItaly
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Wu B, Tapadar S, Ruan Z, Sun C, Arnold R, Johnston A, Olugbami J, Arunsi U, Gaul D, Petros J, Kobayashi T, Duda DG, Oyelere AK. A Novel Liver Cancer-Selective Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Is Effective Against Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Induces Durable Responses with Immunotherapy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.27.587062. [PMID: 38585757 PMCID: PMC10996603 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.27.587062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular cancer (HCC) progression is facilitated by gene-silencing chromatin histone hypoacetylation due to histone deacetylases (HDACs) activation. However, inhibiting HDACs, an effective treatment for lymphomas, has shown limited success in solid tumors. We report the discovery of a class of HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) that demonstrates exquisite selective cytotoxicity against human HCC cells. The lead compound STR-V-53 (3) showed favorable safety profile in mice and robustly suppressed tumor growth in orthotopic xenograft models of HCC. When combined with the anti-HCC drug sorafenib, STR-V-53 showed greater in vivo efficacy. Moreover, STR-V-53 combined with anti-PD1 therapy increased the CD8+ to regulatory T-cell (Treg) ratio and survival in an orthotopic HCC model in immunocompetent mice. This combination therapy resulted in durable responses in 40% of the mice. Collectively, our data demonstrate that the novel HDACi STR-V-53 is an effective anti-HCC agent that can induce profound responses when combined with standard immunotherapy.
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Zimarino C, Moody W, Davidson SE, Munir H, Shields JD. Disruption of CD47-SIRPα signaling restores inflammatory function in tumor-associated myeloid-derived suppressor cells. iScience 2024; 27:109546. [PMID: 38577107 PMCID: PMC10993187 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous immune population with diverse immunosuppressive functions in solid tumors. Here, we explored the role of the tumor microenvironment in regulating MDSC differentiation and immunosuppressive properties via signal-regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα)/CD47 signaling. In a murine melanoma model, we observed progressive increases in monocytic MDSCs and monocyte-derived dendritic cells that exhibited potent T cell-suppressive capabilities. These adaptations could be recapitulated in vitro by exposing hematopoietic stem cells to tumor-derived factors. Engagement of CD47 with SIRPα on myeloid cells reduced their phagocytic capability, enhanced expression of immune checkpoints, increased reactive oxygen species production, and suppressed T cell proliferation. Perturbation of SIRPα signaling restored phagocytosis and antigen presentation by MDSCs, which was accompanied by renewed T cell activity and delayed tumor growth in multiple solid cancers. These data highlight that therapeutically targeting myeloid functions in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors could enhance anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Zimarino
- MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - William Moody
- MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah E. Davidson
- MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hafsa Munir
- MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Helmholtz Institute for Translational Oncology Mainz (HI-TRON Mainz) – A Helmholtz Institute of the DKFZ, Mainz, Germany
- German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Division of Dermal Oncoimmunology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jacqueline D. Shields
- MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Kings College London, London, UK
- Centre for Cancer Sciences, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Sitnikova SI, Walker JA, Prickett LB, Morrow M, Valge-Archer VE, Robinson MJ, Wilkinson RW, Dovedi SJ. Age-induced changes in anti-tumor immunity alter the tumor immune infiltrate and impact response to immuno-oncology treatments. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1258291. [PMID: 37920465 PMCID: PMC10618668 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1258291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Immuno-oncology (IO) research relies heavily on murine syngeneic tumor models. However, whilst the average age for a cancer diagnosis is 60 years or older, for practical purposes the majority of preclinical studies are conducted in young mice, despite the fact that ageing has been shown to have a significant impact on the immune response. Methods Using aged (60-72 weeks old) mice bearing CT26 tumors, we investigated the impact of ageing on tumor growth as well as the immune composition of the tumor and peripheral lymphoid organs. Results We found many differences in the immune cell composition of both the tumor and tumor-draining lymph node between aged and young mice, such as a reduction in the naïve T cell population and a decreased intratumoral CD8/Treg ratio in aged animals. We hypothesized that these differences may contribute to impaired anti-cancer immune responses in aged mice and therefore assessed the anti-tumor efficacy of different IO therapies in aged mice, including both co-stimulation (using an anti-OX40 antibody) and immune checkpoint blockade (using anti-PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies). Whilst aged mice retained the capacity to generate anti-tumor immune responses, these were significantly attenuated when compared to the responses observed in young mice. Discussion These differences highlight the importance of age-related immunological changes in assessing and refining the translational insights gained from preclinical mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura B. Prickett
- Early Oncology Bioscience, Research & Development (R&D), AstraZeneca, Waltham, MA, United States
| | - Michelle Morrow
- Early Oncology Discovery, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Simon J. Dovedi
- Early Oncology Discovery, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Geršak K, Geršak BM, Gazić B, Klevišar Ivančič A, Drev P, Ružić Gorenjec N, Grašič Kuhar C. The Possible Role of Anti- and Protumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Pathologic Complete Response in Early Breast Cancer Patients Treated with Neoadjuvant Systemic Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4794. [PMID: 37835488 PMCID: PMC10571934 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment, composed of pro- and antitumor immune cells, affects cancer cell behavior. We aimed to evaluate whether tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) density and TIL subtypes in core biopsies at the diagnosis of breast cancer patients could predict a pathologic complete response (pCR; ypT0/is ypN0) from neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST). The TIL subtypes were determined based on the proportions of presumably antitumor (CD8+, CXCL13+) and protumor (PD-1+, FOXP3+) immune cells. A prospective, noninterventional study, including 171 participants undergoing NST, was performed. The median TIL density for the entire cohort was 10% (IQR: 3.5-23.8), and 59 (35%) patients achieved pCR. TIL density was positively associated with pCR (univariately and multivariably). In the multivariable logistic regression model, TIL density was an independent predictor of pCR (p = 0.012, OR 1.27; 95% CI 1.05-1.54) when controlled for age (p = 0.232), Ki-67 (p = 0.001), node-negative status (p = 0.024), and HER2+/triple negative vs. luminal B-like subtype (p < 0.001). In our sample, higher proportions of PD-1+ TILs and FOXP3+ TILs were associated with a higher probability of pCR but the association was not statistically significant and we could not make any conclusions on the direction of associations in the model with all four biomarkers. In the exploratory multivariable analysis, we showed that only higher CD8+ TILs were associated with pCR. In conclusion, TIL density and its subtypes are associated with pCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Geršak
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov Trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia (B.G.); (A.K.I.); (C.G.K.)
- Division of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloška Cesta 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Blaž Matija Geršak
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov Trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia (B.G.); (A.K.I.); (C.G.K.)
| | - Barbara Gazić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov Trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia (B.G.); (A.K.I.); (C.G.K.)
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloška Cesta 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Andreja Klevišar Ivančič
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov Trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia (B.G.); (A.K.I.); (C.G.K.)
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloška Cesta 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Primož Drev
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloška Cesta 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Nina Ružić Gorenjec
- Institute for Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov Trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Cvetka Grašič Kuhar
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov Trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia (B.G.); (A.K.I.); (C.G.K.)
- Division of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloška Cesta 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Kaur S, Awad D, Finney RP, Meyer TJ, Singh SP, Cam MC, Karim BO, Warner AC, Roberts DD. CD47-Dependent Regulation of Immune Checkpoint Gene Expression and MYCN mRNA Splicing in Murine CD8 and Jurkat T Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2612. [PMID: 36768931 PMCID: PMC9916813 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated expression of CD47 in some cancers is associated with poor survival related to its function as an innate immune checkpoint when expressed on tumor cells. In contrast, elevated CD47 expression in cutaneous melanomas is associated with improved survival. Previous studies implicated protective functions of CD47 expressed by immune cells in the melanoma tumor microenvironment. RNA sequencing analysis of responses induced by CD3 and CD28 engagement on wild type and CD47-deficient Jurkat T lymphoblast cells identified additional regulators of T cell function that were also CD47-dependent in mouse CD8 T cells. MYCN mRNA expression was upregulated in CD47-deficient cells but downregulated in CD47-deficient cells following activation. CD47 also regulated alternative splicing that produces two N-MYC isoforms. The CD47 ligand thrombospondin-1 inhibited expression of these MYCN mRNA isoforms, as well as induction of the oncogenic decoy MYCN opposite strand (MYCNOS) RNA during T cell activation. Analysis of mRNA expression data for melanomas in The Cancer Genome Atlas identified a significant coexpression of MYCN with CD47 and known regulators of CD8 T cell function. Thrombospondin-1 inhibited the induction of TIGIT, CD40LG, and MCL1 mRNAs following T cell activation in vitro. Increased mRNA expression of these T cell transcripts and MYCN in melanomas was associated with improved overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhbir Kaur
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Duha Awad
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Richard P. Finney
- CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics, Resource, Office of Science and Technology Resources, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Thomas J. Meyer
- CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics, Resource, Office of Science and Technology Resources, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Satya P. Singh
- Inflammation Biology Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Margaret C. Cam
- CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics, Resource, Office of Science and Technology Resources, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Baktiar O. Karim
- Molecular Histopathology Laboratory, Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Andrew C. Warner
- Molecular Histopathology Laboratory, Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - David D. Roberts
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Crump LS, Kines KT, Richer JK, Lyons TR. Breast cancers co-opt normal mechanisms of tolerance to promote immune evasion and metastasis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C1475-C1495. [PMID: 36189970 PMCID: PMC9662806 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00189.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Normal developmental processes, such as those seen during embryonic development and postpartum mammary gland involution, can be reactivated by cancer cells to promote immune suppression, tumor growth, and metastatic spread. In mammalian embryos, paternal-derived antigens are at risk of being recognized as foreign by the maternal immune system. Suppression of the maternal immune response toward the fetus, which is mediated in part by the trophoblast, is critical to ensure embryonic survival and development. The postpartum mammary microenvironment also exhibits immunosuppressive mechanisms accompanying the massive cell death and tissue remodeling that occurs during mammary gland involution. These normal immunosuppressive mechanisms are paralleled during malignant transformation, where tumors can develop neoantigens that may be recognized as foreign by the immune system. To circumvent this, tumors can dedifferentiate and co-opt immune-suppressive mechanisms normally utilized during fetal tolerance and postpartum mammary involution. In this review, we discuss those similarities and how they can inform our understanding of cancer progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndsey S Crump
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kelsey T Kines
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Young Women's Breast Cancer Translational Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jennifer K Richer
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Traci R Lyons
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Young Women's Breast Cancer Translational Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado
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Yang L, Zhang X, Huang X, Dong X, Jing S, Zhang Y, Zhao B, Wang Z, Qu H. Correlation between IFNAR1 expression in peripheral blood T lymphocytes and inflammatory cytokines, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and chemosensitivity in patients with colorectal cancer. Cytokine 2022; 159:156008. [PMID: 36063748 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.156008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
IFN-α receptor (IFNAR) is critical for maintaining the crosstalk between cancer cells and lymphocytes. We investigated IFNAR1 expression in peripheral blood CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and explored their relationships with plasma cytokines, chemosensitivity and infiltrated T cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of colorectal cancer (CRC). The levels of IFNAR1, IFN-γ, and PD1 in peripheral T cells were tested using flow cytometry. Immunohistochemical staining of IFNAR1 in CRC tissues was performed. A cytometric bead array was used to determine the plasma concentrations of cytokines. In CRC patients, IFNAR1 levels were significantly increased in peripheral blood T cells, and plasma IL-6 levels were also significantly increased. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that IFNAR1 expression in CD8+ T cells was negatively associated with plasma IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNFα. IFNAR1 expression in CD4+ T cells was positively associated with TME infiltrated levels of CD8+ T cells. The levels of CD8+ T cells with IFNAR1 and plasma IFN-γ were associated with chemosensitivity. Collectively, IFNAR1 levels in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were significantly upregulated in CRC patients and positively associated with T-cell infiltration. IFNAR1 may be a chemotherapy biomarker for predicting response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China; Medical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Xiaoxi Huang
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Xichen Dong
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Shui Jing
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Yudong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Baocheng Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China.
| | - Zhenjun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China.
| | - Hao Qu
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China.
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Folate Receptor 4-Expressing T cell Is Associated with Disease-Free Survival in Patients with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:4351949. [PMID: 35756495 PMCID: PMC9217542 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4351949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Folic acid receptor 4 (FR4) significantly downregulates the expression of regular T cells (Treg) and improves the effect of chemotherapy and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. However, the FR4 expression in squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unclear. Methods Patients with primary ESCC who visited our hospital between 1st February 2012 and 30th September 2016 were enrolled in this study. FR4 expressions in ESCC patients were detected by immunohistochemistry staining, and the association with clinical characteristics and the overall survival (OS) or disease-free survival (DFS) was analyzed. Results One hundred and forty-eight qualified cases of ESCC patients were retrieved, including 34 females. Ninety-four cases had lymph node metastasis (63.51%), 104 patients received adjuvant therapy (70.27%), and the rate of FR4 positive was 67.57% (100/148). Among FR4 positive patients, 75 cases received adjuvant therapy, and patients who received chemotherapy were significantly better than that of patients who did not receive chemotherapy. In patients with FR4 negative expression, 48 cases received adjuvant therapy, which was significantly worse than that of patients who did not receive chemotherapy. Conclusions Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy prolonged the survival in FR4 positive ESCC patients, whereas adjuvant therapy in patients with FR4 negative needs to be further improved.
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