1
|
Xu S, Jia J, Mao R, Cao X, Xu Y. Mitophagy in acute central nervous system injuries: regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic potentials. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:2437-2453. [PMID: 39248161 PMCID: PMC11801284 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-24-00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute central nervous system injuries, including ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, and spinal cord injury, are a major global health challenge. Identifying optimal therapies and improving the long-term neurological functions of patients with acute central nervous system injuries are urgent priorities. Mitochondria are susceptible to damage after acute central nervous system injury, and this leads to the release of toxic levels of reactive oxygen species, which induce cell death. Mitophagy, a selective form of autophagy, is crucial in eliminating redundant or damaged mitochondria during these events. Recent evidence has highlighted the significant role of mitophagy in acute central nervous system injuries. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the process, classification, and related mechanisms of mitophagy. We also highlight the recent developments in research into the role of mitophagy in various acute central nervous system injuries and drug therapies that regulate mitophagy. In the final section of this review, we emphasize the potential for treating these disorders by focusing on mitophagy and suggest future research paths in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Xu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Junqiu Jia
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Rui Mao
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiang Cao
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Nanjing Neurology Medical Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Nanjing Neurology Medical Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang H, Kazaleh M, Gioscia-Ryan R, Millar J, Temprano-Sagrera G, Wood S, Van Den Bergh F, Blin MG, Wragg KM, Luna A, Hawkins RB, Soleimanpour SA, Sabater-Lleal M, Shu C, Beard DA, Ailawadi G, Deng JC, Goldstein DR, Salmon M. Deficiency of mitophagy mediator Parkin in aortic smooth muscle cells exacerbates abdominal aortic aneurysm. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2025:2024.10.30.621201. [PMID: 39554010 PMCID: PMC11565987 DOI: 10.1101/2024.10.30.621201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2024]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are a degenerative aortic disease and associated with hallmarks of aging, such as mitophagy. Despite this, the exact associations among mitophagy, aging, and AAA progression remain unknown. In our study, gene expression analysis of human AAA tissue revealed downregulation of mitophagy pathways, mitochondrial structure, and function-related proteins. Human proteomic analyses identified decreased levels of mitophagy mediators PINK1 and Parkin. Aged mice and, separately, a murine AAA model showed reduced mitophagy in aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and PINK1 and Parkin expression. Parkin knockdown in VSMCs aggravated AAA dilation in murine models, with elevated mitochondrial ROS and impaired mitochondrial function. Importantly, inhibiting USP30, an antagonist of the PINK1/Parkin pathway, increased mitophagy in VSMCs, improved mitochondrial function, and reduced AAA incidence and growth. Our study elucidates a critical mechanism that proposes AAAs as an age-associated disease with altered mitophagy, introducing new potential therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
|
3
|
Hu ZQ, Ma R, Sun JQ, Peng M, Yuan J, Lai N, Liu J, Xia D. Tenascin-C Facilitates Microglial Polarization via TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Pathway Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. J Inflamm Res 2025; 18:3555-3570. [PMID: 40093948 PMCID: PMC11908393 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s511378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2025] [Indexed: 03/19/2025] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study primarily aims to elucidate the underlying mechanism of Tenascin-C in neuroinflammation and microglia polarization in a mouse model of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Methods The subarachnoid hemorrhage model was constructed by injecting blood into the anterior chiasmatic cistern and stimulating primary microglia with hemoglobin in vitro. Then, Imatinib mesylate was used to inhibit Tenascin-C. Through neurological function scoring, brain edema, primary cell extraction, immunofluorescence staining, CCK8, Tunel staining, Elisa, Western blot and other methods, the potential mechanism of Tenascin-C induced microglia cell polarization was explored. Results The results of this study observed that the expression of Tenascin-C was up-regulated after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Inhibiting the increase of Tenascin-C by imatinib could significantly ameliorate neuroinflammation, neuronal apoptosis, blood brain barrier disruption and brain edema. When the level of Tenascin-C decreased, the numbers of TLR4 positive, MyD88 positive and NF-κB positive microglial cells decreased accordingly. Moreover, after subarachnoid hemorrhage, the number of microglial cells positive for M1-type markers increased significantly. After imatinib inhibited Tenascin-C, the number of M1-type microglial cells decreased and the number of M2-type microglial cells increased significantly. Conclusion In summary, the elevated level of Tenascin-C after subarachnoid hemorrhage induces the activation of microglia, releasing a large number of inflammatory factors and aggravating early brain injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Qing Hu
- The Translational Research Institute for Neurological Disorders of Wannan Medical College, Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui, 241001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruijie Ma
- The Translational Research Institute for Neurological Disorders of Wannan Medical College, Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui, 241001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Qing Sun
- Deparment of Neurosurgery, Nanjing DrumTower Hospital Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Peng
- The Translational Research Institute for Neurological Disorders of Wannan Medical College, Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui, 241001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlong Yuan
- The Translational Research Institute for Neurological Disorders of Wannan Medical College, Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui, 241001, People's Republic of China
| | - Niansheng Lai
- The Translational Research Institute for Neurological Disorders of Wannan Medical College, Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui, 241001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqiang Liu
- The Translational Research Institute for Neurological Disorders of Wannan Medical College, Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui, 241001, People's Republic of China
| | - Dayong Xia
- The Translational Research Institute for Neurological Disorders of Wannan Medical College, Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui, 241001, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shi C, Wang B, Zhai T, Zhang C, Ma J, Guo Y, Yang Y, Chen C, Gao J, Zhao L. Exploring Ubiquitination in Spinal Cord Injury Therapy: Multifaceted Targets and Promising Strategies. Neurochem Res 2025; 50:82. [PMID: 39833619 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-025-04332-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2024] [Revised: 01/02/2025] [Accepted: 01/06/2025] [Indexed: 01/22/2025]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severely debilitating neurological condition that often results in significant functional impairment and is associated with poor long-term prognosis. Edema, oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and cell death are the primary factors contributing to secondary injury following spinal cord damage. Ubiquitination is a crucial intracellular mechanism for protein regulation that has garnered significant attention as a therapeutic target in a variety of diseases. Numerous studies have shown that ubiquitination plays a key role in modulating processes such as inflammatory responses, apoptosis, and nerve regeneration following SCI, thereby influencing injury repair. Accordingly, targeting ubiquitination has the potential for mitigating harmful inflammatory responses, inhibiting dysregulated programmed cell death, and protecting the integrity of the blood-spinal cord barrier, thereby providing a novel therapeutic strategy for SCI. In this review, we discuss the role of ubiquitination and its potential as a therapeutic target in SCI, aiming to offer a foundation for developing ubiquitination-targeted therapies for this condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caizhen Shi
- Medical School of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bingbing Wang
- Medical School of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianyu Zhai
- Medical School of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Can Zhang
- Medical School of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiarui Ma
- Medical School of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanjie Guo
- Medical School of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanling Yang
- Medical School of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Yulin First People's Hospital, Yulin, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianzhong Gao
- Yulin First People's Hospital, Yulin, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Lin Zhao
- Medical School of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cheng L, Lv S, Wei C, Li S, Liu H, Chen Y, Luo Z, Cui H. Nature's magic: how natural products work hand in hand with mitochondria to treat stroke. Front Pharmacol 2025; 15:1434948. [PMID: 39840113 PMCID: PMC11747497 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1434948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 11/29/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2025] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondria, as the energy factories of cells, are involved in a wide range of vital activities, including cell differentiation, signal transduction, the cell cycle, and apoptosis, while also regulating cell growth. However, current pharmacological treatments for stroke are challenged by issues such as drug resistance and side effects, necessitating the exploration of new therapeutic strategies. Objective This review aims to summarize the regulatory effects of natural compounds targeting mitochondria on neuronal mitochondrial function and metabolism, providing new perspectives for stroke treatment. Main findings Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that natural products such as berberine, ginsenosides, and baicalein protect neuronal mitochondrial function and reduce stroke-induced damage through multiple mechanisms. These compounds reduce neuronal apoptosis by modulating the expression of mitochondrial-associated apoptotic proteins. They inhibit the activation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), thereby decreasing ROS production and cytochrome C release, which helps preserve mitochondrial function. Additionally, they regulate ferroptosis, mitochondrial fission, and promote mitochondrial autophagy and trafficking, further enhancing neuronal protection. Conclusion As multi-target chemical agents, natural products offer high efficacy with fewer side effects and present promising potential for innovative stroke therapies. Future research should further investigate the effectiveness and safety of these natural products in clinical applications, advancing their development as a new therapeutic strategy for stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Kaizhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Shangbin Lv
- Chongqing Universty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Chengkai Wei
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Kaizhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Sucheng Li
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Kaizhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Kaizhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Kaizhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhaoliang Luo
- Department of Encephalopathy, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongyan Cui
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang X, Bian Y, Chen W. Cross-disease transcriptomic analysis reveals DOK3 and PAPOLA as therapeutic targets for neuroinflammatory and tumorigenic processes. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1504629. [PMID: 39726593 PMCID: PMC11669587 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1504629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2024] [Accepted: 11/19/2024] [Indexed: 12/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and tumorigenesis share numerous biological complexities; nevertheless, the specific gene expression profiles and underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study aims to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that could serve as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis. Methods Gene expression datasets (GSE122063, GSE13353, GSE161870) were analyzed using machine learning algorithms and logistic regression to identify DEGs associated with both SAH and tumorigenesis. Lasso regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were employed to evaluate the classification accuracy of these genes. Validation of critical DEGs was performed through pan-cancer analysis and experimental studies, focusing on the role of DOK3 in modulating inflammation and oxidative stress in U251MG glioblastoma and BV2 microglia cells. Results Fifteen common DEGs were identified, with DOK3 and PAPOLA highlighted as crucial genes implicated in SAH and neurodegenerative processes. Experimental validation demonstrated that DOK3 overexpression significantly reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and oxidative stress markers while enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity. Additionally, DOK3 influenced tumorigenic processes such as apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, and proliferation, effectively mitigating LPS-induced cytotoxicity and inflammation in BV2 microglial cells. Conclusions DOK3 and PAPOLA play critical roles in both SAH and related neurodegeneration, presenting themselves as potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Notably, DOK3 exhibits potential as an antitumor agent with anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties, offering therapeutic benefits for both cancer and neuroinflammatory conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Weiguang Chen
- Emergency Department, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang X, Hu J, Xie S, Li W, Zhang H, Huang L, Qian Z, Zhao C, Zhang L. Hidden role of microglia during neurodegenerative disorders and neurocritical care: A mitochondrial perspective. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 142:113024. [PMID: 39217875 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.113024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The incidence of aging-related neurodegenerative disorders and neurocritical care diseases is increasing worldwide. Microglia, the main inflammatory cells in the brain, could be potential viable therapeutic targets for treating neurological diseases. Interestingly, mitochondrial functions, including energy metabolism, mitophagy and transfer, fission and fusion, and mitochondrial DNA expression, also change in activated microglia. Notably, mitochondria play an active and important role in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders and neurocritical care diseases. This review briefly summarizes the current knowledge on mitochondrial dysfunction in microglia in neurodegenerative disorders and neurocritical care diseases and comprehensively discusses the prospects of the application of neurological injury prevention and treatment targets by mitochondria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinrun Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China
| | - Jiyun Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China
| | - Shucai Xie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China
| | - Wenchao Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China
| | - Haisong Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China
| | - Zhaoxin Qian
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China
| | - Chunguang Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China.
| | - Lina Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gao T, Huang Z. Novel insights into sevoflurane-induced developmental neurotoxicity mechanisms. Epigenomics 2024; 16:1231-1252. [PMID: 39316776 PMCID: PMC11485883 DOI: 10.1080/17501911.2024.2395250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study explores Sevoflurane (Sevo)-induced neurotoxicity mechanisms in neonates through transcriptome sequencing and models.Methods: Seven-day-old mice were exposed to 3% Sevo, and hippocampal tissue was collected for analysis of differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs compared with normal mice. MiR-152-3p was selected, and the interaction between H19, USP30, and miR-152-3p was explored in BV2 microglial cells and mouse hippocampal neurons.Results: Sevo disrupts mitochondrial autophagy via USP30 upregulation, exacerbating neurotoxicity and activating NLRP1 inflammasome-mediated inflammation.Conclusion: Sevo neurotoxicity is mediated through the H19/miR-152-3p/USP30 axis, implicating microglial regulation of neuronal pyroptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Gao
- Department of Anesthesia, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, 110042, P.R. China
| | - Zeqing Huang
- Department of Anesthesia, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, 110042, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang H, Gu W, Wu G, Yu Y. Aging and Autophagy: Roles in Musculoskeletal System Injury. Aging Dis 2024; 16:1438-1451. [PMID: 38913046 PMCID: PMC12096940 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is a multifactorial process that ultimately leads to a decline in physiological function and a consequent reduction in the health span, and quality of life in elderly population. In musculoskeletal diseases, aging is often associated with a gradual loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, resulting in reduced functional capacity and an increased risk of chronic metabolic diseases, leading to impaired function and increased mortality. Autophagy is a highly conserved physiological process by which cells, under the regulation of autophagy-related genes, degrade their own organelles and large molecules by lysosomal degradation. This process is unique to eukaryotic cells and is a strict regulator of homeostasis, the maintenance of energy and substance balance. Autophagy plays an important role in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes such as cell homeostasis, aging, immunity, tumorigenesis and neurodegenerative diseases. On the one hand, under mild stress conditions, autophagy mediates the restoration of homeostasis and proliferation, reduction of the rate of aging and delay of the aging process. On the other hand, under more intense stress conditions, an inadequate suppression of autophagy can lead to cellular aging. Conversely, autophagy activity decreases during aging. Due to the interrelationship between aging and autophagy, limited literature exists on this topic. Therefore, the objective of this review is to summarize the current concepts on aging and autophagy in the musculoskeletal system. The aim is to better understand the mechanisms of age-related changes in bone, joint and muscle, as well as the interaction relationship between autophagy and aging. Its goal is to provide a comprehensive perspective for the improvement of diseases of the musculoskeletal system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wenhui Gu
- Department of Physiology and Hypoxic Biomedicine, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Genbin Wu
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yinxian Yu
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang G, Lin N. NAD-Dependent Protein Deacetylase Sirtuin-1 Mediated Mitophagy Regulates Early Brain Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:1971-1981. [PMID: 38562659 PMCID: PMC10984195 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s451922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This study focuses on the role of SIRT1 in neuroinflammation caused by early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and explores its mechanism in mitophagy after SAH. Methods C57BL/6J mice and primary microglia SAH in vivo and in vitro models were constructed to explore the expression level of SIRT1 in neuroinflammation after SAH. Subsequently, the brain edema content, blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage and neurological function scores of the mice were observed after using the SIRT1 inhibitor EX-527. q-PCR and Western blot were used to detect relevant genes and proteins, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α inflammatory factors. Immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the positive level of SIRT1 and the degree of mitochondria-lysosome fusion, and transmission electron microscopy was used to observe mitochondrial damage and autophagosome levels. Results In in vivo and in vitro experiments, we found that SIRT1 expression increased after SAH, and neurological deficits, brain edema, and blood-brain barrier damage after SAH were aggravated. Inhibiting SIRT1 further aggravates the aforementioned damage. In addition, EX-527 can also inhibit the level of mitophagy and aggravate neuroinflammation after SAH. Conclusion Our results indicated that SIRT1 promotes mitophagy and alleviates neuroinflammation after SAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gen Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Chuzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Chuzhou), Chuzhou, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Chuzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Chuzhou), Chuzhou, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|